CN108950568B - Method and device for protecting anode plate separated by direct current - Google Patents

Method and device for protecting anode plate separated by direct current Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108950568B
CN108950568B CN201810864414.7A CN201810864414A CN108950568B CN 108950568 B CN108950568 B CN 108950568B CN 201810864414 A CN201810864414 A CN 201810864414A CN 108950568 B CN108950568 B CN 108950568B
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anode plate
cathode
anode
sludge
direct current
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CN108950568A (en
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张书廷
张聪聪
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Tianjin University
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Tianjin University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F13/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
    • C23F13/02—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection cathodic; Selection of conditions, parameters or procedures for cathodic protection, e.g. of electrical conditions
    • C23F13/06—Constructional parts, or assemblies of cathodic-protection apparatus
    • C23F13/08—Electrodes specially adapted for inhibiting corrosion by cathodic protection; Manufacture thereof; Conducting electric current thereto
    • C23F13/20—Conducting electric current to electrodes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/006—Electrochemical treatment, e.g. electro-oxidation or electro-osmosis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F13/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
    • C23F13/02—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection cathodic; Selection of conditions, parameters or procedures for cathodic protection, e.g. of electrical conditions
    • C23F13/06—Constructional parts, or assemblies of cathodic-protection apparatus
    • C23F13/08—Electrodes specially adapted for inhibiting corrosion by cathodic protection; Manufacture thereof; Conducting electric current thereto
    • C23F13/10—Electrodes characterised by the structure

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)

Abstract

The invention aims to provide a method and a device for protecting an anode plate by direct current separation. The device does not change original equipment and materials, only adjusts the current through an external electrifying device, connects the power supply, the cathode plate and the anode plate, ensures that the anode plate is always in an electrified state, achieves the purpose of prolonging the service life of the anode plate, and is an anode plate protection method and device with high efficiency, easy operation and low cost.

Description

Method and device for protecting anode plate separated by direct current
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method and a device for protecting an anode plate by direct current separation, belonging to the fields of solid-liquid separation, ion separation and environmental protection.
Background
Excess sludge discharged from a sewage biological treatment system has high water content and large volume, so that the sludge must be dewatered before being treated, the volume of the sludge is reduced as much as possible, and the subsequent transportation and treatment cost is reduced. However, the mainstream mechanical dehydration technology can only reduce the water content of the sludge to about 80 percent, and cannot meet the requirements on the water content of landfill, agriculture, incineration and the like. The electro-osmosis technology can further reduce the water content of the sludge from about 80% to about 60%. Electroosmosis is that under the action of an electric field, sludge particles with negative charges move to an anode, and water with partial positive charges moves to a cathode under the drive of voltage, so that sludge-water separation is realized, and the purpose of sludge dewatering is achieved. However, during the electroosmosis operation, the anode is deteriorated due to external factors such as corrosion of sludge, electrochemical deterioration, and mechanical filter pressing, which results in a rapid decrease in performance, and thus a reduction in dehydration effect. Among them, the intermittent power supply is an important factor causing the performance degradation, and in the actual engineering, the interruption of the power supply is inevitable, so that the reduction of the performance degradation of the anode plate caused by the intermittent power supply becomes an important technical problem of improving the service life of the anode plate. Similarly, the same problems exist in the fields of electrodialysis and electrolysis. Electroosmosis, electrodialysis, electrolysis, and the like are processes of separating or reacting substances by direct current, all of which act through a cathode and an anode, and may be referred to as direct current separation for short.
In view of the problems existing in the practical engineering, the invention explores a method for connecting an external energizing device which is manually arranged under the condition that the cathode and the anode are powered off to continuously energize the cathode and the anode, and achieves the purpose of prolonging the service life of the anode plate without changing the coating and the material of the anode plate during the interval when the direct current separation stops the operation. The invention can keep continuous electrification of the anode plate even in the intermittence of two direct current separation operations, can well improve the performance degradation trend of the anode plate, prolong the service life of the anode plate, even improve the effects of electroosmosis dehydration and the like, and is an anode plate protection method and device with high efficiency, easy operation and low cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method and a device for protecting an anode plate by direct current separation.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a method for protecting anode plate by direct current separation features that under the condition of no conduction between cathode and anode plates, an additional electric device is additionally connected between cathode and anode plates to connect them together, so keeping them in the state of current flowing through them.
The method is characterized in that the current flowing between the cathode and the anode plate is below 1/5 of low current value when the direct current is separated by the external energizing device connected.
The device for realizing the anode plate protection method for direct current separation is characterized in that the externally connected electrifying device is an electric conduction element which has a certain resistance and can flow current, one end of the electric conduction element is connected with the anode plate of the electro-osmosis device, and the other end of the electric conduction element is connected with the cathode of the electro-osmosis device.
The power failure between the anode and the cathode in the direct current separation process includes the failure of equipment or the power failure during the maintenance, and also includes the power failure between batches in a batch type electro-osmosis mode. The performance of the anode plate is deteriorated, and the direct current separation effect such as dehydration is reduced.
The present invention can achieve the object in both cases by the following method. When the direct current separation operation such as electroosmosis dehydration stops, under the condition that no material conducts electricity between the cathode and the anode plate, the anode plate is quickly connected with the external electrifying device, so that the cathode and the anode are kept in an electrified state, current flows out from the anode of the power supply through the conducting wire, flows into the anode, flows through the external electrifying device, flows out from the cathode, enters the cathode, and completes a current cycle. When the direct current separation such as electroosmosis is carried out again and the conduction between the cathode and the anode is started through the material, the circuit of the external electrifying device is interrupted. As shown in figure 1, when the anode plate is separated from contact with sludge, an electric loop is formed between the anode plate 2 and the cathode 4 through an external electrifying device 3 and a lead 5 connected with a power supply 1, current flows on the anode plate 2, and the electrifying device 3 can be a slide rheostat, so that the resistance value can be conveniently adjusted.
The current flowing between the cathode and the anode plate by the external current applicator connected thereto may be 1/5 or less, which is a low current value in direct current separation such as electroosmotic dehydration. The anode plate is protected by the continuous low-current electrifying mode, and the energy consumption is low. In practical application, the function can be realized by controlling the current to be smaller according to specific conditions.
The difference between the continuous electrification and the intermittent electrification of the cathode and the anode is that the dehydration efficiency of the materials is kept good when the cathode and the anode are continuously electrified, and the dehydration efficiency of the intermittent electrification has a descending trend along with the increase of the use times. Therefore, the continuous electrification has a protection effect on the anode plate, the corrosion of the anode plate is reduced, the service life of the anode plate is prolonged, and the direct current separation effects such as the dehydration effect of materials are improved.
The anode plate protection device with the direct current separation comprises a power supply, an anode plate, an external electrifying device, a cathode and a lead. The current flows out from the positive pole of the power supply, sequentially passes through the anode plate, the external energizing device and the cathode through the conducting wires, and returns to the power supply through the negative pole of the power supply. The external electrifying device is a conductive element which has a certain resistance and can flow current, one end of the conductive element is connected with the anode plate of the electro-osmosis device, and the other end of the conductive element is connected with the cathode of the electro-osmosis device. The resistance of the external electrifying device can adopt a device with adjustable resistance value or a fixed resistor.
The dehydrating material used for electroosmosis can be sludge of a sewage treatment plant, and also can be water-containing materials such as coal slime, bean curd residues and the like, as long as the water-containing materials can be further dehydrated through electroosmosis; the electrodialysis can be salt concentration, ion separation, organic acid separation and the like; the electrolysis may be membrane electrolysis (such as ion membrane method caustic soda production) or water treatment, but is not limited thereto.
The switching between the electroosmosis material dehydration conduction and the external electrifying device conduction during the dehydration stopping period is realized by an electric switch, and other direct current separation operations are the same.
The invention has the advantages that on the basis of not changing the original direct current separation device, the anode plate and the cathode are kept in the electrified state under the condition that the external electrifying device does not carry out non-electric separation work between the anode and the cathode, the performance reduction of the anode plate caused by the dissolution of the noble metal on the surface of the anode plate caused by the outage is avoided, the service life of the anode plate is greatly improved, and the direct current separation effect of material dehydration and the like is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the direct current separation device is powered on by an external power-on device under the condition that the conduction of materials is interrupted;
FIG. 2: the anode plate moves up and down, and the energization of the external energizer is schematically shown during the stop operation of the sludge horizontal movement electro-osmosis device;
FIG. 3: during the stop operation of the vertical plate-frame type sludge electroosmosis device, an external electrifying device is used for electrifying;
FIG. 4: the cylindrical anode plate sludge electroosmosis device is powered on by an external power-on device during the stop of operation;
FIG. 5: the schematic diagram of electrifying the chain type anode plate sludge electroosmosis device through an external electrifying device during the stop of operation;
FIG. 6: during the stop operation of the membrane electrolysis device, the power is supplied by an external power supply;
wherein: 1-power supply, 2-anode plate, 3-external electrifying device, 4-cathode, 5-conducting wire, 6-power roller, 7-filter belt or cathode mesh belt moving direction, 8-supporting roller, 9-up-down moving anode plate pressurizing mechanism, 10-chain type anode plate supporting roller, 11-chain type anode plate power roller, 12-chain type anode plate moving direction, 13-cathode pressurizing fluid space, 14-filter belt, 15-chain type anode plate pressurizing roller, 16-electrolytic tank, 17-electrolytic solution and 18-electrolytic cathode plate.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The embodiment is an anode plate protection embodiment of the electroosmosis dewatering device for the excess sludge of the sewage treatment plant. And (3) after the water content of the residual sludge reaches 82 percent through mechanical filter pressing, feeding the residual sludge into an electroosmosis device, and dehydrating under the action of a direct current electric field. The adopted electroosmosis dehydration device is in a batch type operation mode (such as the anode plate moves up and down, and the sludge horizontally moves to the electroosmosis device), namely after the sludge enters between the cathode and the anode plate, the cathode and the anode plate stop mechanical movement to dehydrate, and when the water content reaches a predetermined required water content (about 60%), the anode plate and the cathode are separated from contact with the sludge, and the sludge is discharged. At the moment, current no longer flows between the cathode and the anode plate through the sludge. With the system shown in fig. 2, the anode plate 2 moves up and down and the sludge moves horizontally. During electroosmosis, the anode plate 2 descends, and is pressurized by the anode plate pressurizing mechanism 9, so that the anode plate 2 is closely contacted with sludge (not shown) between the cathodes, and electroosmosis dehydration is performed. After the electroosmosis is finished, the pressurization of the anode plate is released, the anode plate is lifted, and the sludge is moved and discharged along the filter belt moving direction 7 by the bearing of the moving filter belt 14, the power roller 6 and the supporting roller 8. When the anode plate is separated from contact with sludge, the anode plate 2 and the cathode 4 are connected with the power supply 1 through the external electrified device 3 and the lead 5 to form an electric loop, current flows on the anode plate 2, and the electrified device 3 can be a slide rheostat, so that resistance value adjustment is facilitated. Current density phase on anode plateWhen 1/5 is the lowest value in the later stage of electroosmosis, the concentration is about 2-10A/m2Meanwhile, the energy consumption is very low. When the electro-osmosis device finishes discharging the sludge, fills the sludge with the water content of 82 percent, the anode plate and the cathode are both contacted with the sludge, and starts to be electrified for electro-osmosis dehydration, the circuit of the external electrifying device 3 is disconnected. Under the traditional operation condition of intermittent power supply, although the power failure time is short, the dehydration performance of the anode plate is obviously reduced after about 1.5 years. The method of the invention can lead the anode plate to have obviously reduced dehydration performance within about 2 years.
The electroosmosis dehydration electrification and the external electrification device electrification are circularly reciprocated, so that the rapid dissolution of noble metal on the anode plate caused by the anode plate outage is avoided, and the service life of the anode plate is obviously prolonged.
Example 2
This example is substantially the same as example 1, except that the electroosmosis device is a plate-and-frame structure in which the anode plate and the cathode plate are vertically arranged, and a slide rheostat is used as the energizing device 3, as shown in fig. 3. After sludge (not shown) enters between the anode plate 2 and the cathode 4, the DC electric field is applied between the anode and the cathode, and simultaneously pressure is applied through the cathode pressurized fluid space 13 for dehydration. When the electroosmosis reaches the set required water content, the anode plate and the cathode are both separated from contact with the sludge, and the sludge is discharged. At the moment, current no longer flows between the cathode and the anode plate through the sludge. When the anode plate is separated from contact with the sludge, the anode plate 2 and the cathode 4 are connected with the power supply 1 through the external electrifying device 3 and the conducting wire 5 to form an electric loop, and the current flows on the anode plate 2. The current density on the anode plate is equal to 1/5, 1-6A/m of the lowest value of the later stage of electroosmosis2Meanwhile, the energy consumption is very low.
When the electro-osmosis device finishes discharging the sludge, the sludge which is not dehydrated is filled again, the anode plate and the cathode are both contacted with the sludge, and the electro-osmosis dehydration is carried out by electrifying, the circuit of the external electrifying device 3 is disconnected. The electroosmosis dehydration electrifying and the external electrifying device electrifying are circularly reciprocated, so that the rapid dissolution of noble metal on the anode plate caused by the power failure of the anode plate is avoided, the service life of the anode plate is greatly prolonged, and the service life of the anode plate reaches more than 1.5 times of that of the anode plate without the external electrifying device.
Example 3
This example is substantially the same as example 1 except that during maintenance or shutdown of the apparatus, an external power supply is connected between the anode plate and the cathode in the manner shown in FIG. 2. When the production is stopped frequently, such as more than 2 hours in a week, and an external power-on device is not connected, the dehydration efficiency of the anode plate is obviously reduced after the anode plate is used for 3.5 months, and the method for protecting the anode plate provided by the invention is obviously reduced after 1.5 years. The service life of the anode plate is obviously prolonged. And the protection current density on the anode plate is only equal to 1/20 which is the lowest value in the later period of electroosmosis.
Example 4
This example is substantially the same as example 2 except that during maintenance or shutdown of the apparatus, an external power supply is connected between the anode plate and the cathode in the manner shown in FIG. 3. When the production is stopped frequently, such as more than 2 hours in a week, and an external power-on device is not connected, the dehydration efficiency of the anode plate is obviously reduced after the anode plate is used for 3.0 months, and the method for protecting the anode plate provided by the invention is obviously reduced after 1.5 years. The service life of the anode plate is obviously prolonged. The protection current density on the anode plate corresponds to 1/20, which is the lowest value in the late stage of electro-osmosis.
Example 5
The embodiment is an embodiment of an external electrifying device of the continuous sludge electroosmosis device during the stop running period of maintenance, production stoppage and the like, wherein the anode plate and the cathode are continuously moved, sludge (with the water content of 80%) which is not dehydrated is continuously fed, and the dehydrated sludge is continuously discharged. For cylindrical anode plate, rotary cathode and anode of belt cathode net, when the anode plate is separated from contact with sludge during maintenance or stop production, as shown in fig. 4, an external current applying device 3 is connected between the anode plate 2 and cathode 4 and a conducting wire 5 is connected with a power supply 1 to form an electric circuit, and current flow is kept on the anode plate 2. The electrifier 3 can be selected as a slide rheostat, and the protection current density on the anode plate is equal to 1/20 which is the lowest value in the later period of electroosmosis.
When the electroosmosis device stops production, the sludge which is not dehydrated is filled, the anode plate and the cathode are both contacted with the sludge, and the electroosmosis dehydration is started by electrifying, the circuit of the external electrifying device 3 is disconnected. The electroosmosis dehydration device is electrified by the external electrifying device during the production stop period, so that the rapid dissolution of noble metal on the anode plate caused by the power failure of the anode plate is avoided, and the service life of the anode plate is greatly prolonged.
Example 6
The electroosmosis device of this embodiment is a chain type anode plate, a band type cathode, as shown in fig. 5. The chain type anode plate 2 continuously moves, the cathode belt 4 also continuously operates to drive the sludge which is not dehydrated to be continuously fed, the pressing roller 9 continuously presses, the sludge is dehydrated while moving, and the dehydrated sludge is continuously discharged. The electroosmosis device is externally connected with an external electrifying device 3 during the period of stopping operation such as maintenance or production halt, the current density on the anode plate is equal to 1/20, 0.5-3A/m of the lowest value in the late stage of electroosmosis2And the rapid dissolution of the noble metal on the anode plate caused by the power failure of the anode plate is avoided, and the service life of the anode plate is greatly prolonged.
Example 7
The embodiment is an embodiment of protecting an anode plate by electrifying a cathode and an anode through an external electrifying device in the shutdown period of a membrane electrolysis device for producing caustic soda, and is shown in figure 6. When the membrane electrolysis device stops running during maintenance or production stoppage and the like, and no liquid is electrified between the anode plate and the cathode plate, the anode plate 2 and the cathode plate 18 are connected with the power supply 1 through the external electrifying device 3 and the lead 5 to form an electric loop, current flows on the anode plate 2, and the electrifying device 3 can select a sliding rheostat to facilitate resistance value adjustment. The current density on the anode plate is about 5-30A/m, which is about 1/300-1/100 during membrane electrolysis2Meanwhile, the energy consumption is very low. When the membrane electrolysis is resumed, and the electrolytic bath 16 and the space between the anode and the cathode are filled with the electrolytic solution 17, and then the membrane electrolysis is started, the circuit of the external power supply 3 is disconnected. Under the traditional operation condition of intermittent power supply, the electrolytic performance of the anode plate is obviously reduced after about 5 years. The performance of the anode plate is obviously reduced after about 6.5 years by adopting the method. Therefore, the rapid dissolution of the noble metal on the anode plate caused by the power failure of the anode plate is avoided, and the service life of the anode plate is obviously prolonged.
Although the method and the manufacturing technique of the present invention have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the method and the technical route described herein can be modified or recombined to achieve the final manufacturing technique without departing from the scope, spirit and scope of the present invention. It is expressly intended that all such similar substitutes and modifications apparent to those skilled in the art are deemed to be within the spirit, scope and content of the invention.

Claims (5)

1. A method for protecting anode plate by direct current separation features that under the condition of no conduction between cathode and anode plates, an additional electric device is additionally connected between cathode and anode plates to connect them together, so keeping them in the state of current flowing through them.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the external electrifier is switched in to pass a current between the cathode and anode plates of less than 1/5 of low current value when the current is separated by direct current.
3. Device for carrying out the method for protecting an anode plate for direct current separation according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said additional external energizing means is an electrically conductive element having a resistance and capable of passing an electric current, said electrically conductive element being connected at one end to the anode plate of the electro-osmosis device and at the other end to the cathode of the electro-osmosis device.
4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein an electrical circuit is formed between the anode plate and the cathode by an external electrical conductor and a wire connected to a power source to maintain current flow through the anode plate.
5. The device of claim 3, wherein the energizing means is selected from the group consisting of a slide rheostat.
CN201810864414.7A 2018-08-01 2018-08-01 Method and device for protecting anode plate separated by direct current Active CN108950568B (en)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2008212909A (en) * 2007-02-28 2008-09-18 Koa Gijutsu Kk Electroosmotic dehydration apparatus
CN103486826A (en) * 2013-09-16 2014-01-01 宜兴能达环保科技有限公司 Electroosmosis dehydration method and device for materials containing water
CN206814610U (en) * 2017-05-26 2017-12-29 榆林学院 A kind of sludge dehydration device

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2008212909A (en) * 2007-02-28 2008-09-18 Koa Gijutsu Kk Electroosmotic dehydration apparatus
CN103486826A (en) * 2013-09-16 2014-01-01 宜兴能达环保科技有限公司 Electroosmosis dehydration method and device for materials containing water
CN206814610U (en) * 2017-05-26 2017-12-29 榆林学院 A kind of sludge dehydration device

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