CN108950541B - Preparation method of laser cladding wear-resisting plate based on synchronous progressive shear deformation - Google Patents
Preparation method of laser cladding wear-resisting plate based on synchronous progressive shear deformation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于激光熔覆再制造领域，具体涉及一种基于同步渐进剪切变形的激光熔覆耐磨板制备方法。The invention belongs to the field of laser cladding remanufacturing, in particular to a method for preparing a laser cladding wear-resistant plate based on synchronous progressive shear deformation.
背景技术Background technique
激光熔覆技术是以高能激光束为热源,将预置或同步供给在基材表面的具有优异耐磨、耐蚀及耐热等性能的涂层材料熔化，并与基体形成良好的冶金结合，从而获得特殊要求的表面改性技术。此技术具有稀释率低、热影响区小、熔覆件扭曲变形小、过程易于实现自动化等优点。在激光熔覆过程中,激光、粉末材料及基体间相互作用形成熔覆层是一个较复杂的熔化-凝固冶金过程,熔池的凝固在固液界面前沿存在柱状晶和等轴晶的相互竞争生长与转化[1,2]，这便导致熔覆层组织结构的复杂性。不同激光工艺参数制备熔覆层的柱状晶含量高低与生长取向是不同的，这将会在熔覆层零部件服役过程中表现出迥异的力学性能。相同激光工艺参数制备的熔覆层，由于组织结构的不均匀，也会在服役过程中表现出性能的不稳定性。此外，熔覆层合金粉末氧化、受潮在熔覆过程中生成气体残留形成的气孔、多道搭接熔覆中的搭接孔洞与熔覆层凝固收缩时带来的凝固孔洞，不仅易成为熔覆层中的裂纹源，也将直接影响熔覆层的耐磨、耐蚀性能。这便说明激光熔覆层的成形质量很难得到准确控制，提高熔覆层的成形质量一直是国内外关注的热点和追求的直接目标。Laser cladding technology uses a high-energy laser beam as a heat source to melt the coating material with excellent wear resistance, corrosion resistance and heat resistance that is preset or synchronously supplied on the surface of the substrate, and forms a good metallurgical bond with the substrate. So as to obtain special requirements of surface modification technology. This technology has the advantages of low dilution rate, small heat affected zone, small distortion of cladding parts, and easy automation of the process. In the process of laser cladding, the interaction between laser, powder material and matrix to form a cladding layer is a relatively complex melting-solidification metallurgical process. The solidification of the molten pool has competition between columnar crystals and equiaxed crystals at the front of the solid-liquid interface. growth and transformation [1,2], which leads to the complexity of the cladding layer structure. The columnar crystal content and growth orientation of the cladding layer prepared by different laser process parameters are different, which will show different mechanical properties during the service process of the cladding layer parts. The cladding layer prepared with the same laser process parameters will also show performance instability during service due to the uneven structure. In addition, the oxidation of the alloy powder of the cladding layer, the pores formed by the gas remaining in the cladding process when exposed to moisture, the lap holes in the multi-lap cladding and the solidification holes caused by the solidification and shrinkage of the cladding layer are not only easy to become the cladding layer. The crack source in the cladding will also directly affect the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the cladding layer. This shows that it is difficult to accurately control the forming quality of laser cladding layer, and improving the forming quality of cladding layer has always been a hot spot and a direct goal pursued at home and abroad.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
为克服上述现有技术存在的缺点和不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种基于同步渐进剪切变形的激光熔覆耐磨板制备方法，以使制备的激光熔覆层显微组织结构更细小、更均匀，同时消除熔覆层内部缺陷、增强与基板的结合强度，因而具备更为优异的综合力学性能。In order to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a laser cladding wear-resistant plate preparation method based on synchronous progressive shear deformation, so that the microstructure of the prepared laser cladding layer is finer , more uniform, while eliminating the internal defects of the cladding layer and enhancing the bonding strength with the substrate, so it has more excellent comprehensive mechanical properties.
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案得以实施的：The purpose of this invention is to be implemented through the following technical solutions:
一种基于同步渐进剪切变形的激光熔覆耐磨板制备方法，包括喷砂工序、激光熔覆工序、渐进剪切变形工序和热处理工序，其中：所述的渐进剪切变形工序与激光熔覆工序同步实施，利用球头刀具紧随熔池对刚凝固的合金层进行同步剪切变形处理。A laser cladding wear-resistant plate preparation method based on synchronous progressive shear deformation, comprising a sandblasting process, a laser cladding process, a progressive shear deformation process and a heat treatment process, wherein: the progressive shear deformation process and the laser cladding process The cladding process is carried out synchronously, and the newly solidified alloy layer is subjected to synchronous shear deformation treatment with a ball-nose tool following the molten pool.
发明人研究发现，激光熔覆耐磨板的制备方法中，增加同步渐进剪切变形工序，使熔覆层连同基板同时发生剪切变形，可以湮灭熔覆层孔洞缺陷，并破碎定向生长的柱状晶与树枝晶，使之转变成细小等轴晶，从而制备出的激光熔覆层具有更细小、更均匀的显微组织结构。与此同时，熔覆层与基板位错密度大幅度增加，起到了位错强化的作用；熔覆层与基板的结合强度也显著提高。经过去应力退火，消除残余应力，仍保持较高的综合力学性能。与传统激光熔覆工艺制备的熔覆耐磨板相比，其熔覆层平均显微硬度提高了16％以上，在服役过程中无任何剥离现象。The inventor's research found that in the preparation method of laser cladding wear-resistant plate, a synchronous progressive shear deformation process is added, so that the cladding layer and the substrate undergo shear deformation at the same time, which can annihilate the hole defects of the cladding layer and break the directional growth of the columnar shape. The crystals and dendrites are transformed into fine equiaxed crystals, so that the prepared laser cladding layer has a finer and more uniform microstructure. At the same time, the dislocation density between the cladding layer and the substrate increased significantly, which played a role of dislocation strengthening; the bonding strength between the cladding layer and the substrate was also significantly improved. After stress relief annealing, residual stress is eliminated, and high comprehensive mechanical properties are still maintained. Compared with the cladding wear-resistant plate prepared by the traditional laser cladding process, the average microhardness of the cladding layer is increased by more than 16%, and there is no peeling phenomenon during service.
作为优选，根据本发明所述的一种基于同步渐进剪切变形的激光熔覆耐磨板制备方法，其中，所述的激光熔覆工序、渐进剪切变形工序和热处理工序在真空或惰性气体保护条件下进行。本发明的术语“真空”是本领域的通用术语；惰性气体如选择采用氩气等，目的是防止氧化。Preferably, according to a method for preparing a laser cladding wear-resistant plate based on synchronous progressive shear deformation according to the present invention, wherein the laser cladding process, the progressive shear deformation process and the heat treatment process are performed in vacuum or inert gas under protective conditions. The term "vacuum" in the present invention is a general term in the art; an inert gas such as argon is selected to prevent oxidation.
作为优选，根据本发明所述的一种基于同步渐进剪切变形的激光熔覆耐磨板制备方法，其中，所述的球头刀具与氮气弹簧连接，由氮气弹簧提供正压力，可确保制备过程中熔覆层剪切变形所受的应力恒定，使变形更为均匀，从而获得更为优质的激光熔覆耐磨板。与普通弹簧相比，无需进行较大的压缩变形，减小了球头刀具起落时的行程，有利于提高生产效率。球头刀具与激光头固定在同一参照物上，当球头刀具向下移动时，激光头跟随向下移动，保证焦距恒定不变。Preferably, according to a method for preparing a laser cladding wear-resistant plate based on synchronous progressive shear deformation according to the present invention, wherein the ball nose cutter is connected with a nitrogen gas spring, and the nitrogen gas spring provides positive pressure, which can ensure the preparation of During the process, the stress of the shear deformation of the cladding layer is constant, so that the deformation is more uniform, so as to obtain a better quality laser cladding wear-resistant plate. Compared with ordinary springs, large compression deformation is not required, which reduces the stroke of the ball-end tool when it rises and falls, which is beneficial to improve production efficiency. The ball-nose tool and the laser head are fixed on the same reference object. When the ball-nose tool moves downward, the laser head moves downward to ensure that the focal length remains constant.
作为优选，根据本发明所述的一种基于同步渐进剪切变形的激光熔覆耐磨板制备方法，其中，所述的球头刀具作用位置中心点与熔池中心点的连线垂直于渐进剪切变形单层走刀方向，可确保球头刀具工作区域与熔覆层区域完全重合。球头刀具作用位置中心滞后于熔池中心若干单层进给量，在熔池热影响区内进行渐进剪切变形，可以最大限度降低变形抗力。Preferably, according to a method for preparing a laser cladding wear-resistant plate based on synchronous progressive shear deformation according to the present invention, wherein the line connecting the center point of the action position of the ball nose tool and the center point of the molten pool is perpendicular to the progressive The cutting direction of the shear deformation single layer can ensure that the working area of the ball nose tool is completely coincident with the cladding layer area. The center of the action position of the ball head tool lags behind the center of the molten pool by several single-layer feeds, and the progressive shear deformation in the heat-affected zone of the molten pool can minimize the deformation resistance.
作为优选，根据本发明所述的一种基于同步渐进剪切变形的激光熔覆耐磨板制备方法，其中，所述的渐进剪切变形工序迫使熔覆层与基板同时发生剪切变形，在优化熔覆层力学性能的同时，也提高了基板的强度，有利于整块激光熔覆耐磨板综合力学性能的进一步提升。Preferably, according to a method for preparing a laser cladding wear-resistant plate based on synchronous progressive shear deformation according to the present invention, wherein the progressive shear deformation process forces the cladding layer and the substrate to undergo shear deformation at the same time. While optimizing the mechanical properties of the cladding layer, it also improves the strength of the substrate, which is conducive to the further improvement of the comprehensive mechanical properties of the entire laser cladding wear-resistant plate.
作为优选，根据本发明所述的一种基于同步渐进剪切变形的激光熔覆耐磨板制备方法，其中，所述的热处理工艺为去应力退火，可确保消除内应力的同时，仍保留同步渐进剪切变形的强化效果。Preferably, according to a method for preparing a laser cladding wear-resistant plate based on synchronous progressive shear deformation according to the present invention, wherein, the heat treatment process is stress relief annealing, which can ensure that the internal stress is eliminated while still retaining the synchronization Enhanced effect of progressive shear deformation.
本发明有以下优点：本发明制备的激光熔覆耐磨板，定向生长的柱状晶与树枝晶被破碎，形成细小等轴晶，组织结构均匀化，位错密度高，致密性好，具有较高的强度与耐磨性。同时，剪切变形也提高了基板的强度，消除了激光熔覆层与基板界面的缺陷，增大了结合强度，与传统方法制备的激光熔覆耐磨板相比，具有更为优异的综合力学性能。The invention has the following advantages: in the laser cladding wear-resistant plate prepared by the invention, the directional growth of columnar crystals and dendrites is broken to form fine equiaxed crystals, the organization structure is uniform, the dislocation density is high, the compactness is good, and the High strength and wear resistance. At the same time, the shear deformation also improves the strength of the substrate, eliminates the defects of the interface between the laser cladding layer and the substrate, and increases the bonding strength. Compared with the laser cladding wear-resistant plate prepared by the traditional method, it has a more excellent comprehensive mechanical properties.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1同步渐进剪切变形初始安装定位图Figure 1 Initial installation and positioning diagram of synchronous progressive shear deformation
图2同步渐进剪切变形二维工作原理图Figure 2 Two-dimensional working principle of synchronous progressive shear deformation
图3同步渐进剪切变形三维工作原理图Figure 3 3D working principle of synchronous progressive shear deformation
图中附图标记的含义：The meaning of the reference numbers in the figure:
1-球头刀具，2-激光头，3-送粉管，4-激光束，5-基板，6-紧固螺钉，7-活动端压板，8-活动端支撑板，9-导柱，10-导柱，11-紧固螺钉，12-支撑斜面，13-熔覆层，14-紧固螺钉，15-固定端压板，16-紧固螺钉1- Ball head cutter, 2- Laser head, 3- Powder feeding tube, 4- Laser beam, 5- Base plate, 6- Fastening screw, 7- Movable end pressure plate, 8- Movable end support plate, 9- Guide post, 10-Guide post, 11- Fastening screw, 12-Support slope, 13-Cladding layer, 14- Fastening screw, 15-Fixed end pressure plate, 16- Fastening screw
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合实施例，更具体地说明本发明的内容。应当理解，本发明的实施并不局限于下面的实施例，对本发明所做的任何形式上的变通和/或改变都将落入本发明保护范围。The content of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the embodiments. It should be understood that the implementation of the present invention is not limited to the following examples, and any modifications and/or changes made to the present invention will fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
下述实施例中的方法，如无特别说明，均为本领域的常规方法。The methods in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, are conventional methods in the art.
实施例1：Example 1:
一种基于同步渐进剪切变形的激光熔覆耐磨板制备方法，包括：A laser cladding wear-resistant plate preparation method based on synchronous progressive shear deformation, comprising:
(1)对基板表面进行喷砂处理，使获得一定的清洁度和粗糙度。(1) Sandblast the surface of the substrate to obtain a certain degree of cleanliness and roughness.
(2)依据图1，将基板固定在该装置上，基板厚度为4mm。(2) According to FIG. 1, the substrate is fixed on the device, and the thickness of the substrate is 4 mm.
(3)在氩气保护下，对基板进行激光熔覆，采用同步送粉方式，熔覆材料为Ni60，激光功率3000W，光斑直径4mm，搭接率30％，扫描速度10mm/s。(3) Under the protection of argon gas, laser cladding is performed on the substrate, and the synchronous powder feeding method is adopted. The cladding material is Ni60, the laser power is 3000W, the spot diameter is 4mm, the overlap rate is 30%, and the scanning speed is 10mm/s.
(4)与激光熔覆同步，一个半径为4mm的球头刀具紧随熔池，对熔覆板进行渐进剪切变形，使其贴合支撑斜面，如图2与图3所示。球头刀具与激光头固定在同一参照物上，当球头刀具向下移动时，激光头跟随向下移动，保证焦距恒定不变。球头刀具压力为8000N，球头中心到熔池中心的水平距离为10mm，支撑斜面角度为25°。(4) Simultaneously with the laser cladding, a ball nose cutter with a radius of 4 mm follows the molten pool to perform progressive shear deformation on the cladding plate to make it fit the supporting slope, as shown in Figures 2 and 3. The ball-nose tool and the laser head are fixed on the same reference object. When the ball-nose tool moves downward, the laser head moves downward to ensure that the focal length remains constant. The pressure of the ball head tool is 8000N, the horizontal distance from the center of the ball head to the center of the molten pool is 10mm, and the angle of the supporting slope is 25°.
(5)在氩气保护下，对同步渐进剪切变形后的熔覆板进行去应力退火，退火时间为2h。(5) Under the protection of argon gas, the cladding plate after synchronous progressive shear deformation is subjected to stress relief annealing, and the annealing time is 2h.
对本实施例得到的激光熔覆板进行检测，熔覆层截面平均显微硬度达到612HV，与未经过同步渐进剪切变形其余方法与参数相同条件下制备的熔覆层(518HV)相比，硬度提高了18.1％。在摩擦磨损实验中，无任何熔覆层剥离现象。The laser cladding plate obtained in this example was tested, and the average microhardness of the cladding layer cross-section reached 612HV. An increase of 18.1%. In the friction and wear test, there is no phenomenon of peeling off of the cladding layer.
实施例2Example 2
本实施例其它操作同实施例1，不同之处在于：熔覆材料选用NiCrBSi自熔性合金粉末，其化学成分为(wt％)：17.0Cr，3.5B，4.0Si，1.0C，<12Fe，余为Ni。Other operations in this example are the same as those in Example 1, except that: the cladding material is NiCrBSi self-fluxing alloy powder, and its chemical composition is (wt%): 17.0Cr, 3.5B, 4.0Si, 1.0C, <12Fe, The remainder is Ni.
对本实施例得到的激光熔覆板进行检测，熔覆层截面平均显微硬度达到946HV，与未经过同步渐进剪切变形其余方法与参数相同条件下制备的熔覆层(787HV)相比，硬度提高了20.2％。在摩擦磨损实验中，无任何熔覆层剥离现象。The laser cladding plate obtained in this example was tested, and the average microhardness of the section of the cladding layer reached 946HV. An increase of 20.2%. In the friction and wear test, there is no phenomenon of peeling off of the cladding layer.
实施例3Example 3
本实施例其它操作同实施例1，不同之处在于：熔覆材料选用CoCrW钴基合金粉末，其化学成分为(wt％)：29.9Cr，4.5W，0.99C，3.0Ni，1.4Si，余为Co。Other operations in this example are the same as those in Example 1, the difference is: CoCrW cobalt-based alloy powder is selected as the cladding material, and its chemical composition is (wt%): 29.9Cr, 4.5W, 0.99C, 3.0Ni, 1.4Si, and the rest for Co.
对本实施例得到的激光熔覆板进行检测，熔覆层截面平均显微硬度达到1178HV，与未经过同步渐进剪切变形其余方法与参数相同条件下制备的熔覆层(974HV)相比，硬度提高了20.9％。在摩擦磨损实验中，无任何熔覆层剥离现象。The laser cladding plate obtained in this example was tested, and the average microhardness of the section of the cladding layer reached 1178HV. an increase of 20.9%. In the friction and wear test, there is no phenomenon of peeling off of the cladding layer.
实施例4Example 4
本实施例其它操作同实施例1，不同之处在于：熔覆材料选用Inconel718合金粉末。Other operations in this example are the same as those in Example 1, the difference is that: Inconel718 alloy powder is selected as the cladding material.
对本实施例得到的激光熔覆板进行检测，熔覆层截面平均显微硬度达到438HV，与未经过同步渐进剪切变形其余方法与参数相同条件下制备的熔覆层(307HV)相比，硬度提高了42.7％。在摩擦磨损实验中，无任何熔覆层剥离现象。The laser cladding plate obtained in this example was tested, and the average microhardness of the cladding layer cross-section reached 438HV. An increase of 42.7%. In the friction and wear test, there is no phenomenon of peeling off of the cladding layer.
上述优选实施例只是用于说明和解释本发明的内容，并不构成对本发明内容的限制。尽管发明人已经对本发明做了较为详细地列举，但是，本领域的技术人员根据发明内容部分和实施例所揭示的内容，能对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或/和补充或采用类似的方式来替代是显然的，并能实现本发明的技术效果，因此，此处不再一一赘述。本发明中出现的术语用于对本发明技术方案的阐述和理解，并不构成对本发明的限制。The above preferred embodiments are only used to illustrate and explain the content of the present invention, and do not constitute a limitation to the content of the present invention. Although the inventors have enumerated the present invention in more detail, those skilled in the art can make various modifications or/and modifications to the described specific embodiments according to the contents disclosed in the content of the invention and the embodiments. It is obvious to supplement or replace with a similar manner, and can achieve the technical effect of the present invention, therefore, it will not be repeated here. Terms appearing in the present invention are used for the description and understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention, and do not constitute limitations of the present invention.
参考文献references
[1]J.D.Hunt,S.Z.Lu.Numerical modeling of cellular/Dendritic arraygrowth:Spacing and Structure prediction[J].Metall.Mater.Trans.A,1996,27:611-623.[1]J.D.Hunt,S.Z.Lu.Numerical modeling of cellular/Dendritic arraygrowth:Spacing and Structure prediction[J].Metall.Mater.Trans.A,1996,27:611-623.
[2]M.
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