CN108950541B - Preparation method of laser cladding wear-resisting plate based on synchronous progressive shear deformation - Google Patents
Preparation method of laser cladding wear-resisting plate based on synchronous progressive shear deformation Download PDFInfo
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- CN108950541B CN108950541B CN201810847547.3A CN201810847547A CN108950541B CN 108950541 B CN108950541 B CN 108950541B CN 201810847547 A CN201810847547 A CN 201810847547A CN 108950541 B CN108950541 B CN 108950541B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/02—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working in inert or controlled atmosphere or vacuum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/10—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of nickel or cobalt or alloys based thereon
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of laser cladding remanufacturing, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a laser cladding wear-resisting plate based on synchronous progressive shearing deformation, which comprises the following steps of: surface sand blasting, laser cladding, progressive shearing deformation and heat treatment. The progressive shearing deformation process is to fix two ends of the cladding substrate respectively, wherein one end of the cladding substrate can move freely in the vertical direction, and a ball head cutter moves gradually along a specified path to force the cladding plate to be progressively sheared, deformed and attached to the supporting inclined plane. The shear deformation degree of the cladding plate can be controlled by adjusting the angle of the supporting inclined plane. The progressive shearing deformation process and the laser cladding process are synchronously implemented, and the ball head cutter carries out shearing deformation treatment on the solidified alloy layer closely following the molten pool. According to the laser cladding wear-resisting plate prepared by the invention, the columnar crystal and the dendrite which grow directionally are crushed to form fine isometric crystal, the organization structure is uniform, the dislocation density is high, the compactness is good, and the strength and the wear resistance are higher. Meanwhile, the shear deformation also improves the strength of the substrate, eliminates the defects of the laser cladding layer and the substrate interface, increases the bonding strength, and has more excellent comprehensive mechanical properties compared with the laser cladding wear-resistant plate prepared by the traditional method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of laser cladding remanufacturing, and particularly relates to a method for manufacturing a laser cladding wear-resisting plate based on synchronous progressive shearing deformation.
Background
The laser cladding technology uses a high-energy laser beam as a heat source, melts a coating material which is preset or synchronously supplied on the surface of a base material and has excellent wear resistance, corrosion resistance, heat resistance and the like, and forms good metallurgical bonding with a matrix, thereby obtaining the surface modification technology with special requirements. The technology has the advantages of low dilution rate, small heat affected zone, small distortion of the cladding part, easy realization of automation of the process and the like. In the laser cladding process, the interaction among laser, powder materials and a substrate to form a cladding layer is a more complex melting-solidification metallurgical process, and the solidification of a molten pool has the competing growth and transformation of columnar crystals and equiaxed crystals at the front edge of a solid-liquid interface [1,2], so that the complexity of the microstructure of the cladding layer is caused. The columnar crystal content and the growth orientation of the cladding layer prepared by different laser process parameters are different, so that the cladding layer part has different mechanical properties in the service process. The cladding layers prepared by the same laser process parameters can also show performance instability in the service process due to the uneven tissue structure. In addition, the alloy powder of the cladding layer is oxidized and wetted to generate gas residue to form air holes in the cladding process, and the overlapping holes in multi-pass overlapping cladding and the solidification holes brought by the solidification and shrinkage of the cladding layer are easy to become crack sources in the cladding layer, and the wear resistance and the corrosion resistance of the cladding layer are directly influenced. Therefore, the forming quality of the laser cladding layer is difficult to be accurately controlled, and the improvement of the forming quality of the cladding layer is always a hot spot and a direct target of pursuit in the attention of China and abroad.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for preparing a laser cladding wear-resisting plate based on synchronous progressive shearing deformation, so that the microstructure of the prepared laser cladding layer is finer and more uniform, the internal defects of the cladding layer are eliminated, and the bonding strength with a substrate is enhanced, so that the laser cladding wear-resisting plate has more excellent comprehensive mechanical properties.
The purpose of the invention is implemented by the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a laser cladding wear-resisting plate based on synchronous progressive shear deformation comprises a sand blasting process, a laser cladding process, a progressive shear deformation process and a heat treatment process, wherein the laser cladding process comprises the following steps: the progressive shearing deformation process and the laser cladding process are synchronously implemented, and a ball head cutter is used for carrying out synchronous shearing deformation treatment on the solidified alloy layer closely following the molten pool.
The inventor researches and discovers that in the preparation method of the laser cladding wear-resisting plate, a synchronous progressive shearing deformation process is added, so that the cladding layer and the substrate are subjected to shearing deformation simultaneously, the hole defects of the cladding layer can be annihilated, and directionally grown columnar crystals and dendrites are crushed and converted into fine isometric crystals, so that the prepared laser cladding layer has a finer and more uniform microstructure. Meanwhile, the dislocation density of the cladding layer and the substrate is greatly increased, and the dislocation strengthening effect is achieved; the bonding strength of the cladding layer and the substrate is also remarkably improved. After stress annealing, the residual stress is eliminated, and the high comprehensive mechanical property is still maintained. Compared with the cladding wear-resistant plate prepared by the traditional laser cladding process, the average microhardness of the cladding layer is improved by more than 16%, and the cladding wear-resistant plate does not have any stripping phenomenon in the service process.
Preferably, according to the preparation method of the laser cladding wear-resisting plate based on synchronous progressive shear deformation, the laser cladding process, the progressive shear deformation process and the heat treatment process are carried out under the protection of vacuum or inert gas. The term "vacuum" in the present invention is a general term in the art; the inert gas is selected from argon and the like in order to prevent oxidation.
Preferably, according to the preparation method of the laser cladding wear-resisting plate based on the synchronous progressive shear deformation, the ball head cutter is connected with the nitrogen spring, and the nitrogen spring provides positive pressure, so that the stress on the shear deformation of the cladding layer in the preparation process is constant, the deformation is more uniform, and the laser cladding wear-resisting plate with higher quality is obtained. Compared with a common spring, the ball head cutter does not need to be subjected to larger compression deformation, the stroke of the ball head cutter during falling is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved. The ball head cutter and the laser head are fixed on the same reference object, and when the ball head cutter moves downwards, the laser head moves downwards along with the ball head cutter, so that the focal length is constant.
Preferably, according to the preparation method of the laser cladding wear-resisting plate based on synchronous progressive shearing deformation, a connecting line between the center point of the acting position of the ball head cutter and the center point of the molten pool is perpendicular to the progressive shearing deformation single-layer feed direction, so that the working area of the ball head cutter and the cladding layer area can be completely overlapped. The center of the action position of the ball head cutter lags behind the center of the molten pool by a plurality of single-layer feeding amounts, and the progressive shearing deformation is carried out in a heat affected zone of the molten pool, so that the deformation resistance can be reduced to the maximum extent.
Preferably, according to the preparation method of the laser cladding wear-resisting plate based on synchronous progressive shear deformation, the progressive shear deformation process forces the cladding layer and the substrate to simultaneously generate shear deformation, so that the mechanical property of the cladding layer is optimized, the strength of the substrate is improved, and the comprehensive mechanical property of the whole laser cladding wear-resisting plate is further improved.
Preferably, according to the preparation method of the laser cladding wear-resisting plate based on the synchronous progressive shear deformation, the heat treatment process is stress relief annealing, so that the strengthening effect of the synchronous progressive shear deformation can be maintained while internal stress is eliminated.
The invention has the following advantages: according to the laser cladding wear-resisting plate prepared by the invention, the columnar crystal and the dendrite which grow directionally are crushed to form fine isometric crystal, the organization structure is uniform, the dislocation density is high, the compactness is good, and the strength and the wear resistance are higher. Meanwhile, the shear deformation also improves the strength of the substrate, eliminates the defects of the laser cladding layer and the substrate interface, increases the bonding strength, and has more excellent comprehensive mechanical properties compared with the laser cladding wear-resistant plate prepared by the traditional method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a view showing the initial installation positioning of synchronous progressive shear deformation
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of two-dimensional synchronous progressive shearing deformation
FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional working schematic diagram of synchronous progressive shearing deformation
The meaning of the reference symbols in the figures:
1-ball head cutter, 2-laser head, 3-powder feeding tube, 4-laser beam, 5-base plate, 6-fastening screw, 7-movable end pressing plate, 8-movable end supporting plate, 9-guide pillar, 10-guide pillar, 11-fastening screw, 12-supporting inclined surface, 13-cladding layer, 14-fastening screw, 15-fixed end pressing plate, 16-fastening screw
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples. It is to be understood that the practice of the invention is not limited to the following examples, and that any variations and/or modifications may be made thereto without departing from the scope of the invention.
The methods in the following examples are conventional in the art unless otherwise specified.
Example 1:
a preparation method of a laser cladding wear-resisting plate based on synchronous progressive shear deformation comprises the following steps:
(1) and carrying out sand blasting treatment on the surface of the substrate to obtain certain cleanliness and roughness.
(2) According to fig. 1, a substrate with a thickness of 4mm is fixed to the device.
(3) Under the protection of argon, carrying out laser cladding on the substrate, wherein a synchronous powder feeding mode is adopted, the cladding material is Ni60, the laser power is 3000W, the spot diameter is 4mm, the lap joint rate is 30%, and the scanning speed is 10 mm/s.
(4) In synchronization with laser cladding, a ball head cutter with a radius of 4mm is close to the molten pool, and the cladding plate is subjected to progressive shearing deformation so as to be attached to the supporting inclined plane, as shown in fig. 2 and 3. The ball head cutter and the laser head are fixed on the same reference object, and when the ball head cutter moves downwards, the laser head moves downwards along with the ball head cutter, so that the focal length is constant. The pressure of the ball head cutter is 8000N, the horizontal distance from the center of the ball head to the center of a molten pool is 10mm, and the angle of the supporting inclined plane is 25 degrees.
(5) And (3) carrying out stress relief annealing on the cladding plate subjected to synchronous progressive shearing deformation under the protection of argon, wherein the annealing time is 2 h.
When the laser cladding plate obtained in the embodiment is detected, the average microhardness of the section of the cladding layer reaches 612HV, and compared with the cladding layer (518HV) prepared under the condition that the rest method and parameters are the same without synchronous progressive shearing deformation, the hardness is improved by 18.1%. In the friction and wear test, the phenomenon of peeling off the cladding layer is avoided.
Example 2
The other operations of this embodiment are the same as embodiment 1, except that: the cladding material is NiCrBSi self-fluxing alloy powder, and the chemical components (wt%) of the cladding material are as follows: 17.0Cr, 3.5B, 4.0Si, 1.0C, <12Fe, the remainder being Ni.
When the laser cladding plate obtained in the embodiment is detected, the average microhardness of the section of the cladding layer reaches 946HV, and compared with the cladding layer (787HV) prepared under the condition that the rest method and parameters are the same without synchronous progressive shearing deformation, the hardness is improved by 20.2%. In the friction and wear test, the phenomenon of peeling off the cladding layer is avoided.
Example 3
The other operations of this embodiment are the same as embodiment 1, except that: the cladding material is CoCrW cobalt-based alloy powder, and the chemical components (wt%): 29.9Cr, 4.5W, 0.99C, 3.0Ni, 1.4Si, and the balance Co.
When the laser cladding plate obtained in the embodiment is detected, the average microhardness of the section of the cladding layer reaches 1178HV, and compared with the cladding layer (974HV) prepared under the condition that the rest method and parameters are the same without synchronous progressive shearing deformation, the hardness is improved by 20.9%. In the friction and wear test, the phenomenon of peeling off the cladding layer is avoided.
Example 4
The other operations of this embodiment are the same as embodiment 1, except that: the cladding material is made of Inconel718 alloy powder.
When the laser cladding plate obtained in the embodiment is detected, the average microhardness of the section of the cladding layer reaches 438HV, and compared with the cladding layer (307HV) prepared under the condition of the same parameters and other methods without synchronous progressive shearing deformation, the hardness is improved by 42.7%. In the friction and wear test, the phenomenon of peeling off the cladding layer is avoided.
The above-described preferred embodiments are merely illustrative and explanatory of the present invention and are not restrictive of the invention as claimed. Although the present invention has been described in detail by the inventor, it is obvious that various modifications and/or additions can be made to the described embodiments or replacements can be made by those skilled in the art according to the disclosure of the summary of the invention and the embodiments, and the technical effects of the present invention can be achieved, therefore, the detailed description is omitted. The terms appearing in the present invention are used for illustration and understanding of the technical aspects of the present invention, and do not constitute limitations of the present invention.
Reference to the literature
[1]J.D.Hunt,S.Z.Lu.Numerical modeling of cellular/Dendritic arraygrowth:Spacing and Structure prediction[J].Metall.Mater.Trans.A,1996,27:611-623.
[2]M.
S.Henry,W.Kurz,et al.Epitaxial laser metal forming:analysis of microstructure formation[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.A,1999,271:232-241.
Claims (5)
1. A preparation method of a laser cladding wear-resisting plate based on synchronous progressive shear deformation comprises a surface sand blasting process, a laser cladding process, a progressive shear deformation process and a heat treatment process, and is characterized in that: the progressive shearing deformation process and the laser cladding process are synchronously implemented, and a ball head cutter is used for carrying out synchronous shearing deformation treatment on the solidified alloy layer closely following the molten pool, so that the cladding layer and the substrate are subjected to shearing deformation simultaneously.
2. The method for preparing the laser cladding wear-resisting plate based on synchronous progressive shear deformation of the claim 1, wherein the laser cladding process, the progressive shear deformation process and the heat treatment process are carried out under vacuum or inert gas protection.
3. The method for manufacturing the laser cladding wear-resisting plate based on the synchronous progressive shear deformation of the claim 1, wherein a nitrogen spring is connected to the upper end of the ball head cutter, the nitrogen spring provides stable positive pressure, and the nitrogen spring and the laser head are fixed on the same reference object.
4. The method for preparing the laser cladding wear-resisting plate based on the synchronous progressive shear deformation of the claim 1, wherein a connecting line of a central point of an acting position of the ball head cutter and a central point of a molten pool is vertical to a progressive shear deformation single-layer feed direction and lags behind the central point of the molten pool by a plurality of single-layer feed amounts.
5. The method for manufacturing the laser cladding wear-resisting plate based on the synchronous progressive shear deformation of the claim 1, wherein the heat treatment process is stress relief annealing.
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Effective date of registration: 20230303 Address after: 214400 No.98, Qiaoqi Renmin Road, XuXiake Town, Jiangyin City, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province Patentee after: Jiangyin fulangte Machinery Co.,Ltd. Address before: 1 No. 211167 Jiangsu city of Nanjing province Jiangning Science Park Hongjing Road Patentee before: NANJING INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY |
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