CN108950320A - The manufacturing method of all-aluminium piston - Google Patents
The manufacturing method of all-aluminium piston Download PDFInfo
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- CN108950320A CN108950320A CN201810746499.9A CN201810746499A CN108950320A CN 108950320 A CN108950320 A CN 108950320A CN 201810746499 A CN201810746499 A CN 201810746499A CN 108950320 A CN108950320 A CN 108950320A
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- Prior art keywords
- piston
- mold
- ring
- insertion ring
- forging
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/18—Making machine elements pistons or plungers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of manufacturing method of all-aluminium piston, have the weight and friction for reducing piston, productivity is improved while improving groove wear characteristic and reduce cost of material, increases the thermal characteristics, elasticity and service life of piston.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of manufacturing methods of vehicle all-aluminium piston, in more detail, are related to being formed with elastic, resistance to
The manufacturing method of long property, thermal characteristics and the outstanding all-aluminium piston of mouldability.
Background technique
With the development of automobile industry, piston is as one of the critical component in vehicle.Past is mainly using such as cylinder block
The high-quality cast iron or chromium nihard with wearability and mechanical strength, and using the center of circle casting of tissue can be formed uniformly
Piston is manufactured.
But using the piston of cast iron manufacture because of weight weight, so inertia during high-speed straight-line back and forth movement
Increase, motility reduction, and thus with the shortcomings that engine output reduction, fuel availability is reduced.
Therefore, in order to improve the motility of piston and maintain the mechanical strength of piston, and the weight of piston is reduced, to piston
Material researched and developed.That is, the piston for being representatively used for vehicle motor is light from the ratio cast iron of cast iron before by now,
And the conventional aluminium of the outstanding copper y alloy or alusil alloy, Cobitalium etc. such as intensity and corrosion resistance is closed
Gold.
As shown in Figure 1, piston 10 in the outer peripheral surface close with head 11, formed at a prescribed interval multiple annular grooves 13,14,
15, and be usually in turn arranged from top the compression ring 16 being made of apical ring (top ring) and the second ring (second ring),
17 and an oil ring 18.Ring 16,17 is compressed when piston is compressed, and prevents the mixer between piston and cylinder wall from leaking out,
It prevents from leaking out in the burning gases of explosion stroke simultaneously.The compression ring that oil ring 18 rubs under high temperature, high pressure conditions in order to prevent
It is contacted with cylinder direct metal, the oil that can maintain appropriate oil film is provided in cylinder wall, and the piston heat for being exposed to high temperature is conveyed
To cylinder wall, the overheat of piston is prevented.
But become focus for reducing the elimination engine idling of fuel cost recently, in order to prevent according to low discharge capacity
Vehicle performance it is low, in conjunction with direct fuel injection mode or turbocharging technology, high output can also be played in the engine of low discharge capacity
Performance.But using such as above-mentioned direct fuel injection mode, the pressure and temperature of engine combustion chamber interior greatly increases, causes
Comparable heat, mechanical and chemical load act on piston.
Particularly, the case where the annular groove of piston ring is set, by the piston ring contacted with cylinder wall, comparable operation load
It is conveyed to piston, so that the annular groove of all-aluminium piston is easy to be worn.
Therefore, it in order to strengthen the wearing character of piston ring groove, develops through the plasma nitrided superficial layer for strengthening annular groove
Technology.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is to solve above-mentioned problem of the prior art, and the purpose is to the characteristics using aluminium alloy, provides and subtracts
Productivity is improved while lacking the weight and friction of piston, and improve groove wear characteristic and reduces cost of material, increases piston
Thermal characteristics, elasticity and service life all-aluminium piston manufacturing method.
In order to solve problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of manufacturing method of all-aluminium piston, which is characterized in that
It is realized by following step: one, columned alloy cast ingot being heated to 450~470 DEG C, the weight hundred of the alloy cast ingot
Si be 11.6%~13.1%, Fe is 0.01~0.10% in point ratio, and it is 0.01~0.15% that Cu, which is 0.6%~1.2%, Mn,
It is 0.6%~1.2%, Zn be 0.01~0.23%, Cr is 0.01~0.09%, Ti 1.5 that Mg, which is 0.85%~1.2%, Ni,
~2.6%, B are 0.5~1.3%, and single impurity≤0.05% adds up to impurity≤0.15%, remaining is Al；Two, pass through extruding
After cut off, rough forging is made；Three, blank is quenched after free forging and die forging；Four, it carries out at two-stage type timeliness
Reason, level-one aging temp are 140~145 DEG C, and soaking time is 3.5~4.5 hours；Secondary aging temperature is 165~170 DEG C,
Soaking time is 2.5~3 hours, and the manufacturing method of the rough forging includes: first step, heating aluminum alloy materials it
Afterwards, lubricant is applied in outer surface, puts into the first forming tank of the first mold；Second step is being located at first mold
The insertion groove on the first forming tank top puts into the insertion ring formed by cast steel, and the insertion ring is embedded in the material top；The
Three steps will be embedded in the material top of the insertion ring, is press-formed by the first press machine, form piston crown, so that insertion
The plane of ring and bottom surface a part and inner peripheral surface are fixed on the material and are integrally formed；Four steps, in the first mold shape
At piston crown, the material partially fixed by discharge means discharge insertion ring；5th step is heated again from first mould
After the material for having discharge, is turned around with the state for applying lubricant in the outer surface, put into the second of the second mold
Forming tank；The material for putting into second mold is press-formed by the 6th step by the second press machine, forms piston skirt,
So that being integrally formed in addition to all faces of insertion ring outer peripheral surface are completely fixed in the material；And the 7th step, by discharge means
Discharge is in the described second formed in mould material, wherein the ratio of components of Ti:B:Cu is 2.3:1:1.
The manufacturing method of all-aluminium piston of the invention has the weight and friction for reducing piston, improves groove wear characteristic
While improve and productivity and reduce cost of material, increase the thermal characteristics, elasticity and service life of piston.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the perspective view for showing existing internal combustion engine.
Fig. 2 is the piston process drawing for showing the embodiment of all-aluminium piston manufacturing method according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the piston bore cross-section diagram for showing embodiment according to the present invention manufacture.
Fig. 4 is the piston bore cross-section diagram for showing embodiment according to the present invention manufacture.
Specific embodiment
Hereinafter, all-aluminium piston of the invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Specific embodiment 1: present embodiment is realized by following step: one, columned alloy cast ingot being heated to
450~470 DEG C, it is that 0.01~0.10%, Cu is that Si, which is 11.6%~13.1%, Fe, in the weight percent of the alloy cast ingot
0.6%~1.2%, Mn be 0.01~0.15%, Mg be 0.85%~1.2%, Ni be 0.6%~1.2%, Zn be 0.01~
It is 1.5~2.6%, B is 0.5~1.3% that 0.23%, Cr, which are 0.01~0.09%, Ti, and single impurity≤0.05% adds up to miscellaneous
Matter≤0.15%, remaining is Al, wherein the ratio of components of Ti:B:Cu is 2.3:1:1；Two, it by being cut off after squeezing, is made
Rough forging；Three, blank is quenched after free forging and die forging；Four, ageing treatment is carried out.
Specific embodiment 2: alloy cast ingot is heated to 452 DEG C in step 1, the alloy cast ingot in present embodiment
Weight percent in Si be 11.7%, Fe 0.02%, Cu 0.7%, Mn 0.05%, Mg 0.9%, Ni 0.7%,
Zn is 0.02, Cr 0.02%, Ti 1.61%, B 0.7%, single impurity≤0.05%, adds up to impurity≤0.15%,
Remaining is Al；Hardening heat is 520~525 DEG C in step 3, and the soaking time of quenching is 230~250 minutes, quenches water used
Temperature is 50~60 DEG C；Level-one aging temp is 140~145 DEG C in step 4, and soaking time is 3.5~4.5 hours；When second level
Imitating temperature is 165~170 DEG C, and soaking time is 2.5~3 hours.
Specific embodiment 3: alloy cast ingot is heated to 452 DEG C in step 1, the alloy cast ingot in present embodiment
Weight percent in Si be 12.5%, Fe 0.02, Cu 1.0%, Mn 0.10%, Mg 1.0%, Ni 1.0%, Zn
For 0.1%, Cr 0.05%, Ti 2.3, B 1.0%, single impurity≤0.05% adds up to impurity≤0.15%, remaining is
Al；Hardening heat is 522 DEG C in step 3, and the soaking time of quenching is 235 minutes, and the temperature for quenching water used is 52 DEG C；Step
Level-one aging temp is 142 DEG C in rapid four, and soaking time is 3.8 hours；Secondary aging temperature is 166 DEG C, soaking time 2.6
Hour.
Specific embodiment 4: alloy cast ingot is heated to 452 DEG C in step 1, the alloy cast ingot in present embodiment
Weight percent in Si be 13%, Fe 0.05%, Cu 1.1%, Mn 0.02, Mg 1.1%, Ni 1.1%, Zn are
0.2, Cr 0.02, Ti 2.53%, B 1.1, single impurity≤0.05% add up to impurity≤0.15%, remaining is Al；Step
Hardening heat is 524 DEG C in rapid three, and the soaking time of quenching is 245 minutes, and the temperature for quenching water used is 58 DEG C；In step 4
Level-one aging temp is 144 DEG C, and soaking time is 4.2 hours；Secondary aging temperature is 168 DEG C, and soaking time is 2.8 hours.
When the aluminium alloy of aforementioned four embodiment adds Ti and B, TiB is produced2、Al3Ti and AlB2, wherein TiB2、
Al3Ti and AlB2Facilitate the elasticity to material.But when the group composition and division in a proportion of Ti:B:Cu is not 2.3:1:1, that is, Ti is combined more than 2.3
When, can excessive generation be unfavorable for the Al of mouldability and impact characteristics3Ti；B combination more than 1 when, be conducive to material elasticity and
Mouldability, but excessive generation is unfavorable for the AlB of the thermal characteristics such as heat conductivity2, therefore, the thermal characteristics of material reduces；Cu combination
When less than 1, the elasticity of material is reduced, and when being greater than 1, improves thermal stability but as heat conductivity reduces, heat conduction loss increases
Greatly.Therefore, the group composition and division in a proportion of Ti:B:Cu is preferably 2.3:1:1.
Further, the manufacturing method of aluminum alloy forged blank includes: first step, after heating aluminum alloy materials,
Outer surface applies lubricant, puts into the first forming tank of the first mold；Second step is being located at the first the one-tenth of first mold
The insertion groove on type groove top puts into the insertion ring formed by cast steel, and the insertion ring is embedded in the material top；Third step
Suddenly, it will be embedded in the material top of the insertion ring, be press-formed by the first press machine, piston crown is formed, so that insertion ring
Plane and bottom surface a part and inner peripheral surface are fixed on the material and are integrally formed；Four steps forms work in first mold
Plug head, the material partially fixed by discharge means discharge insertion ring；5th step heats arrange from first mold again
It after material out, is turned around with the state for applying lubricant in the outer surface, puts into the second molding of the second mold
Slot；The material for putting into second mold is press-formed by the 6th step by the second press machine, forms piston skirt, so that
It is integrally formed in addition to all faces of insertion ring outer peripheral surface are completely fixed in the material；And the 7th step, it is discharged by discharge means
In the described second formed in mould material.
In step 1, the aluminum alloy materials 100 that are put into the first mold 300 can be used it is lighter than cast steel, while intensity and
The common aluminum alloy of the outstanding copper y alloy such as corrosion resistance or alusil alloy, Cobitalium etc..
In step 1, in order to improve the plastic deformation of material 100, it is heated with 500-550 DEG C of temperature in heating furnace
Afterwards, to apply the state of lubricant in 100 outer surface of material being discharged from heating furnace, the first molding of the first mold 300 is put into
Slot 301.
At this moment, the effect of lubricant is material 100 during continuous forging molding, prevents mold in temperature sharply
The slight crack damage occurred in liter, while the material 100 during forging molding being prevented to be sticked to mould inside.
First forming tank 301 forms the shape and specification for corresponding to the piston crown 11 made using aluminum alloy materials 100,
Preferably, it is contemplated that the internal diameter of the piston cutting processing step after forging and molding, the first forming tank 300 is greater than finished product piston
It is outer through design basis.
In step 2, insertion ring 200 is placed on the insertion peace positioned at 301 top of the first forming tank of the first mold 300
Tankage 302, so that insertion ring 200 is embedded in the top of material 100.
At this moment, the internal diameter of the outer diameter with mounting groove 302 of insertion ring 200 is identical, thus in the forging and molding process of material 100
In, inhibit the movement of insertion ring 200, and during the forging and molding of material 100, maintain to be integrally formed with material 100 inserts
Enter the position of ring 200.
It, can be from carbon cast steel, nickel-manganese cast steel, silicon cast steel, chromium steel cast steel, nickeliferous as the cast steel of 200 material 100 of insertion ring
Cast steel, nickel-chromium steel cast steel, nickel chromium molybdenum steel, in cast stainless steel selection any one carry out using.
In step 3, it will be embedded in 100 top of material of insertion ring 200, aluminium alloy is press-formed by the first press machine 400,
So that the whole height in the material 100 of first step reduces and enlarged outside diameter becomes piston crown 11.Meanwhile insertion ring 200
A part, i.e. the plane of insertion ring 200, bottom surface a part and inner peripheral surface are compressed by the first press machine 400, and are deformed into
The aluminum alloy materials 100 of 301 form of the first forming tank of first mold 300 are integrally formed.
In step 4, the material 100 being integrally formed with insertion ring 200 that will be formed in step 3 using discharge means, from
It is discharged inside first forming tank 301 of one mold 300.
Discharge means are generally arranged inside forging mold, usually using the leading to such as injection punching of discharge moulding material 100
Normal discharge means.
In step 5, the material 100 taken out from step 4 is carried out again to heat it in the heating furnace of 500-550 DEG C of temperature
Afterwards, the state of lubricant is applied in 100 outer surface of material being discharged from heating furnace, puts into the second of the second mold 500 with standing upside down
Forming tank 501.
Second forming tank 501 forms the shape and specification for corresponding to the piston profile made using aluminum alloy materials 100, excellent
Selection of land, it is contemplated that the piston cutting processing step after forging and molding, the internal diameter of the second forming tank 500 are greater than the outer of finished product piston
Through design basis.
In step 6, the material for putting into the second mold 500 is press-formed with the second press machine 600, forms piston skirt
12, and all faces that 200 outer peripheral surface of insertion ring will be removed, it is fully fixed on material 100 and is integrally formed, ultimately form piston skirt
12 piston profile.
The outer diameter of insertion ring 200 and the outer diameter of piston-shaped forging molding material 100 are completely the same as a result, while most
Two kinds of smallization intermetallic engagements are bad and because the zygosity of thermal expansion coefficient difference is low, can maintain firm integral structure.
The shape of second press machine 600 during being press-formed material 100 is formed as that piston is arranged in material 100
The piston skirt 12 of pin forms possible shape.
In step 7, the material 100 that will be integrally formed in the second mold 500 with insertion ring 200 using discharge means, from the
It is discharged inside second forming tank 501 of two molds 500.Discharge means are generally arranged inside forging mold, are formed using discharge
The common discharge means of material 100 rushed such as injection.
Using such as above-mentioned all-aluminium piston manufacturing method for being applicable in the technology of the present invention, internal combustion engine all-aluminium piston is manufactured
Whole process is described as follows.
Fig. 2 is the manufacturing process for showing internal combustion engine all-aluminium piston according to the present invention.As shown, in the first mold
300 investment aluminum alloy materials 100, and the insertion ring 200 formed in the first mold 300 by cast steel is embedded in 100 top of material
Later, by 400 pressurised material 100 of the first press machine, then the sectoral integration of forming material 100 and insertion ring 200.
Then, after insertion ring 200 being put into the second mold 500 by the material 100 of sectoral integration, by the second punching press
Machine 600 is press-formed, so that material 100 and insertion ring 200 go completely into integrated while having piston profile, is thus completed
The shape molding of all-aluminium piston of the invention.
After completing by the piston profile of forging molding, multiple rule are formed at certain intervals in the outer peripheral surface of piston crown
The annular groove of depthkeeping degree, while pin combined hole is formed in piston skirt 12.As needed, it can be performed in piston crown 11 and form valve pocket
Cutting processing step.
At this moment, annular groove forms the apical ring slot 13 of insertion apical ring, the second-ring groove 14 for being embedded in the second ring and insertion oil ring
Oil ring groove 15.Apical ring slot 13 is formed by cutting processing is carried out to the outer peripheral surface for the insertion ring 200 being integrally formed with medial surface of cylinder.
That is, the apical ring slot 13 of insertion apical ring is formed in the outer peripheral surface for the insertion ring 200 being successfully integrated by cast steel and all-aluminium piston, and
Second-ring groove 14 and oil ring groove 15 are formed in by the circumferential surface of the piston 10 of aluminum alloy materials 100.
It is such as above-mentioned, in the operational process for the piston 10 for being set to internal combustion engine, greatly improve by combustion in IC engine room
13 surface hardness of apical ring slot and corrosion resistance of the setting apical ring 16 of the high temperature and high pressure in portion, and extend the abrasion longevity of apical ring slot 13
Life.The durability and service life of piston can be improved as a result, and can prevent the gas leak phenomenon of the abrasion because of annular groove from occurring.
Meanwhile the use cast steel insertion ring 200 limited in the part of the apical ring slot 13 by high temperature and high pressure, so that
Piston crown 11 and the ontology of piston skirt 12 it is most of by light aluminium molding tool at.Therefore, the weight for minimizing piston increases
Reach light-weighted purpose, and it can be expected that the light-weighted motility of piston improves and improves and subtract according to the performance of this internal combustion engine
The effect of few fuel.
In addition, piston is put at the sealing full of ammonia after completing the molding such as above-mentioned annular groove and pin combined hole
Furnace is managed, nitridation heat treatment method is carried out, selectively executes the heat treatment step of hardening outer surface of piston.Packet can be strengthened as a result,
Include the piston face hardness and corrosion resistance of apical ring slot 13, second-ring groove 14, oil ring groove 15.
After selectively executing above-mentioned heat treatment step, finished machined grinding steps are executed, stabilize piston appearance
The mechanical strength in face completes the production of the all-aluminium piston of hardness and the uniform high quality of corrosion resistance.
In conclusion preferred embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed for illustrative, but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned specific realities
Example being applied, and in the range of not departing from main points of the present invention, those skilled in the art can carry out various deformation or application, and
It is construed as these deformations or application also belongs to claims of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of manufacturing method of all-aluminium piston, which is characterized in that it is realized by following step:
One, columned alloy cast ingot is heated to 450~470 DEG C, Si is in the weight percent of the alloy cast ingot
It is 0.6%~1.2%, Mn is 0.01~0.15%, Mg 0.85% that 11.6%~13.1%, Fe, which are 0.01~0.10%, Cu,
It is 0.01~0.23%, Cr be 0.01~0.09%, Ti is that 1.5~2.6%, B is that~1.2%, Ni, which are 0.6%~1.2%, Zn,
0.5~1.3%, single impurity≤0.05% adds up to impurity≤0.15%, remaining is Al；Two, by being cut off after squeezing,
Rough forging is made；
Three, blank is quenched after free forging and die forging；Four, two-stage type ageing treatment is carried out, level-one aging temp is 140
~145 DEG C, soaking time is 3.5~4.5 hours；Secondary aging temperature is 165~170 DEG C, and soaking time is 2.5~3 hours,
And
The manufacturing method of the rough forging includes:
First step after heating aluminum alloy materials, applies lubricant in outer surface, puts into the first forming tank of the first mold；
Second step, the insertion groove on the first forming tank top for being located at first mold, puts into the insertion formed by cast steel
The insertion ring is embedded in the material top by ring；
Third step will be embedded in the material top of the insertion ring, is press-formed by the first press machine, forms piston crown, makes
It obtains the plane of insertion ring and bottom surface is a part of and inner peripheral surface is fixed on the material and is integrally formed；
Four steps forms piston crown in first mold, the material partially fixed by discharge means discharge insertion ring；
5th step is heated again after the material that first mold is discharged, to apply lubricant in the outer surface
State turn around, put into the second forming tank of the second mold；
The material for putting into second mold is press-formed by the 6th step by the second press machine, forms piston skirt, so that
It is integrally formed in addition to all faces of insertion ring outer peripheral surface are completely fixed in the material；And
7th step is discharged by discharge means in the described second formed in mould material,
Wherein, the ratio of components of Ti:B:Cu is 2.3:1:1.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810746499.9A CN108950320A (en) | 2018-07-09 | 2018-07-09 | The manufacturing method of all-aluminium piston |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810746499.9A CN108950320A (en) | 2018-07-09 | 2018-07-09 | The manufacturing method of all-aluminium piston |
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| CN108950320A true CN108950320A (en) | 2018-12-07 |
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ID=64483388
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| CN201810746499.9A Pending CN108950320A (en) | 2018-07-09 | 2018-07-09 | The manufacturing method of all-aluminium piston |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1693507A (en) * | 2005-05-20 | 2005-11-09 | 东北轻合金有限责任公司 | Manufacturing method of aluminium alloy piston |
| CN106191533A (en) * | 2014-11-19 | 2016-12-07 | 现代自动车株式会社 | Aluminium alloy and production method thereof for motor car engine piston |
| KR101700704B1 (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2017-01-31 | 주식회사 케이엠씨 | Method of manufacturing the aluminum alloy forged piston |
-
2018
- 2018-07-09 CN CN201810746499.9A patent/CN108950320A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1693507A (en) * | 2005-05-20 | 2005-11-09 | 东北轻合金有限责任公司 | Manufacturing method of aluminium alloy piston |
| CN106191533A (en) * | 2014-11-19 | 2016-12-07 | 现代自动车株式会社 | Aluminium alloy and production method thereof for motor car engine piston |
| KR101700704B1 (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2017-01-31 | 주식회사 케이엠씨 | Method of manufacturing the aluminum alloy forged piston |
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