CN108943266B - Salt-free dyeing method for wood - Google Patents

Salt-free dyeing method for wood Download PDF

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CN108943266B
CN108943266B CN201810884828.6A CN201810884828A CN108943266B CN 108943266 B CN108943266 B CN 108943266B CN 201810884828 A CN201810884828 A CN 201810884828A CN 108943266 B CN108943266 B CN 108943266B
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wood
solution
salt
dyeing
leaching
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CN108943266A (en
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喻胜飞
刘元
李贤军
罗武生
胡嘉裕
唐玉莲
于天会
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Central South University of Forestry and Technology
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Central South University of Forestry and Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K5/00—Treating of wood not provided for in groups B27K1/00, B27K3/00
    • B27K5/02—Staining or dyeing wood; Bleaching wood
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/52—Impregnating agents containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds

Abstract

The invention provides a salt-free dyeing method of wood, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of placing the pretreated wood in an ethanol water solution containing reactive dyes and a cationic gemini surfactant solution for dyeing, and obtaining the dyed wood after draining, soaping, washing and drying.

Description

Salt-free dyeing method for wood
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wood reactive dye dyeing methods, in particular to a salt-free wood dyeing method.
Background
Due to hydrolysis and ionization of cellulose side chain hydroxyl, the surface of cellulose of wood in aqueous solution has a certain amount of negative charges, and certain charge repulsion is generated on anionic reactive dyes. In the traditional dyeing process of the wood reactive dye, a large amount of inorganic salts such as accelerating agent sodium chloride or sodium sulfate and fixing agent soda ash (the use amount is 20-100 g/L respectively) are used for overcoming the coulomb repulsion between the dye and wood fibers, although the adsorption amount and the dye uptake of the dye on the fibers are improved to a certain extent, the concentration of chloride ions in dyeing wastewater is up to 1 × 105more than mg/L, over thousands of times of chromaticity standard, and the COD reaches 8000-30000 mg/L. The direct discharge of high-salt printing and dyeing wastewater can seriously deteriorate the water quality and soil quality which people rely on for survival, and a large amount of inorganic salt in the wastewater can prevent the wastewater from being degraded and recycled by physicochemical and biochemical methods, thus aggravating the difficulty and cost of printing and dyeing wastewater treatment. Therefore, how to improve the dye uptake of the reactive dye on the wood, improve the effective utilization of the reactive dye and realize low-salt or salt-free dyeing becomes a hot spot of the technical research on the reactive dye dyeing of the wood at home and abroad.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a safe, environment-friendly and high-dye-uptake salt-free dyeing method for wood.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for salt-free dyeing of wood, comprising the steps of: and placing the pretreated wood into an ethanol water solution containing reactive dyes and a cationic gemini surfactant solution for dyeing, and obtaining the dyed wood after draining, soaping, washing and drying.
As a further improvement to the foregoing technical solution:
preferably, the dyeing comprises the following specific steps: placing the pretreated wood into a reaction container, adding an alcohol solution containing reactive dye and a cationic gemini surfactant solution into the reaction container, uniformly oscillating, heating to 30-70 ℃ under the condition of water bath, and preserving heat for dyeing. Preferably, the bath temperature is between 50 ℃ and 70 ℃.
Preferably, in the ethanol aqueous solution containing the reactive dye, the concentration of the reactive dye is 0.5-2%, the concentration of the ethanol is 50-80%, and the concentration of the cationic gemini surfactant solution is 0.8-1.2%.
Preferably, the cationic gemini surfactant is one or more of didodecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide, dimethylene-1, 2-bis (dodecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide), dimethylene-1, 2-bis (tetradecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide).
Preferably, the reactive dye is one or more of reactive red M-3BE, reactive yellow M-3RS and reactive blue M-2 GE.
Preferably, the heat preservation dyeing time is 3-5 h: the bath ratio under the water bath condition is 1: 20-50.
Preferably, the step of pre-treating specifically comprises: immersing the wood to be dyed in NaOH solution and second surfactant solution for the first leaching, and then immersing in H2O2And leaching the solution for the second time, and drying to obtain the pretreated wood.
Preferably, in the first leaching step, the bath ratio is 1: 20-40, the concentration of NaOH is 0.2% -0.8%, the concentration of the second surfactant is 0.6% -1.0%, the leaching temperature is 60-90 ℃, and the leaching time is 6-8 h.
Preferably, the second surfactant is one or more of a cationic surfactant or a nonionic surfactant.
Preferably, in the second leaching step, the bath ratio is 1: 50-80, and H is2O2The concentration is 5 to 8 percent, the leaching temperature is 60 to 90 ℃, and the leaching time is 3 to 6 hours. Preferably, the leaching time is 4 h.
Preferably, when the second surfactant is a cationic surfactant, a quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactant is preferable, and CTAB is further preferable, and when the second surfactant is a nonionic surfactant, an alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether nonionic surfactant with good water solubility is preferable, and OP-10 is further preferable.
Preferably, in the step of soaping, the soaping liquid is 1wt% of LR-2 soaping agent, the soaping temperature is 90-95 ℃, and the soaping time is 10-15 min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the salt-free wood dyeing method has the advantages of simple process and easy industrial implementation, and adopts an ethanol aqueous solution containing reactive dyes and a cationic gemini surfactant solution in the dyeing process. The ethanol solvent is stronger than water polarity, and reactive dye has extremely strong solubilization in the ethanol solvent, makes the surface tension of dye liquor reduce simultaneously, and inside the more easy absorption of reactive dye permeated timber, the organic solvent of ethanol can recycle, does not produce the waste liquid hardly, has avoided aggravating the degree of difficulty of printing and dyeing wastewater treatment because of using a large amount of salt material in the traditional high salt dyeing technique of reactive dye moreover, and is safe energy-conserving, economic environmental protection. The cationic gemini surfactant has a unique structure, a large number of fiber-philic groups or dye-philic groups (such as quaternary ammonium salt groups) are arranged at two ends of the cationic gemini surfactant, the cationic gemini surfactant is easy to adsorb on the surface of solid/liquid, the surface tension of the liquid is effectively reduced, the active dye has excellent solubility, dispersibility and high permeability, and can be efficiently adsorbed on the surface and the inside of wood fibers, and the higher electron cloud density and the hydrophobic group effect of the gemini surfactant enable the adsorption rate of the active dye on the wood fibers to be lower, so that the purposes of high dye uptake and color fixing rate, slow dyeing and level dyeing are achieved; meanwhile, the cationic gemini surfactant is ionized into quaternary ammonium salt and halogen ions in water, so that the active dye adsorbed to the surface and the interior of the wood is chemically bonded with the hydroxyl of the wood fiber, and the dye uptake and the color fixing rate of the active dye on the wood are improved. The cationic gemini surfactant not only replaces the effect of inorganic salt in the traditional dyeing process, but also has stronger effect than the inorganic salt due to the high surface activity, excellent adsorption property and low critical micelle concentration of the cationic gemini surfactant, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the dye uptake and the fixation rate of wood.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of DDAB on dye surface tension in example 1 and comparative example 1.
FIG. 2 shows the solubilization of the dyeliquors by DDAB at different concentrations in example 1.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to specific preferred embodiments, without thereby limiting the scope of protection of the invention.
The materials and equipment used in the following examples are commercially available.
A method for salt-free dyeing of wood, comprising the steps of: and placing the pretreated wood into an ethanol water solution containing reactive dyes and a cationic gemini surfactant solution for dyeing, and obtaining the dyed wood after draining, soaping, washing and drying.
The salt-free wood dyeing method has the advantages of simple process and easy industrial implementation, and adopts an ethanol aqueous solution containing reactive dyes and a cationic gemini surfactant solution in the dyeing process. The ethanol solvent is stronger than water polarity, and reactive dye has extremely strong solubilization in the ethanol solvent, makes the surface tension of dye liquor reduce simultaneously, and inside the more easy absorption of reactive dye permeated timber, the organic solvent of ethanol can recycle, does not produce the waste liquid hardly, has avoided aggravating the degree of difficulty of printing and dyeing wastewater treatment because of using a large amount of salt material in the traditional high salt dyeing technique of reactive dye moreover, and is safe energy-conserving, economic environmental protection. The cationic gemini surfactant has a unique structure, a large number of fiber-philic groups or dye-philic groups (such as quaternary ammonium salt groups) are arranged at two ends of the cationic gemini surfactant, the cationic gemini surfactant is easy to adsorb on the surface of solid/liquid, the surface tension of the liquid is effectively reduced, the active dye has excellent solubility, dispersibility and high permeability, and can be efficiently adsorbed on the surface and the inside of wood fibers, and the higher electron cloud density and the hydrophobic group effect of the gemini surfactant enable the adsorption rate of the active dye on the wood fibers to be lower, so that the purposes of high dye uptake and color fixing rate, slow dyeing and level dyeing are achieved; meanwhile, the cationic gemini surfactant is ionized into quaternary ammonium salt and halogen ions in water, so that the active dye adsorbed to the surface and the interior of the wood is chemically bonded with the hydroxyl of the wood fiber, and the dye uptake and the color fixing rate of the active dye on the wood are improved. The cationic gemini surfactant not only replaces the effect of inorganic salt in the traditional dyeing process, but also has stronger effect than the inorganic salt due to the high surface activity, excellent adsorption property and low critical micelle concentration of the cationic gemini surfactant, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the dye uptake and the fixation rate of wood.
In the invention, the concentration of the reactive dye in the ethanol water solution containing the reactive dye is 0.5-2%, the concentration of the ethanol is 50-80%, and the concentration of the cationic gemini surfactant solution is 0.8-1.2%. The heat preservation dyeing time is 3-5 h: the bath ratio under the water bath condition is 1: 20-50.
In the invention, the pretreatment steps are specifically as follows: immersing the wood to be dyed in NaOH solution and second surfactant solution for the first leaching, and then immersing in H2O2And leaching the solution for the second time, and drying to obtain the pretreated wood.
Leaching for the first time, dissolving the extract covered on the grain holes in the wood by using alkali, and opening a channel, namely the grain holes, through which liquid permeates in the wood; and (4) leaching for the second time, bleaching the chromogenic substances on the surface and inside the wood by using hydrogen peroxide, so that the ground color is consistent during dyeing, and the wood is uniformly dyed.
In the first leaching step, the bath ratio is 1: 20-40, the concentration of NaOH is 0.2% -0.8%, the concentration of a second surfactant is 0.6% -1.0%, the leaching temperature is 60-90 ℃, and the leaching time is 6-8 h;
the second surfactant is one or more of a cationic surfactant or a nonionic surfactant.
In the second leaching step, the bath ratio is 1: 50-80, and H2O2The concentration is 5 to 8 percent, the leaching temperature is 60 to 90 ℃, and the leaching time is 4 hours.
CTAB is preferred when the second surfactant is a cationic surfactant, and OP-10 is preferred when the second surfactant is a nonionic surfactant.
CTAB or OP-10, which reduces the surface tension of the solution, promotes NaOH solution to enter the interior of the wood, and simultaneously transfers extracts of acids, lipids and the like into the solution through a surfactant to react with NaOH; compared with CTAB (cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide), the cationic gemini surfactant for the dyeing process has two hydrophilic groups and two hydrophobic groups, not only acts with dye in dye liquor to reduce the surface tension of the dye liquor and increase the solubility of the dye, but also has higher surface activity and lower critical micelle concentration, and acts with the dye penetrating into the internal structure of wood, and the higher electron cloud density and the hydrophobic group effect of the gemini surfactant enable the adsorption rate of the dye on wood fibers to be lower, so that the purposes of slow dyeing and uniform dyeing are achieved.
In the soaping step, the soaping liquid is 1wt% of LR-2 soaping agent, the soaping temperature is 90-95 ℃, and the soaping time is 10-15 min.
The LR-2 soaping agent is a commercial industrial soap powder, mainly comprises sodium laurate and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, and the soaping is mainly characterized in that the reactive dyes adsorbed on the surface and the inside of the fiber are further fixed through the chemical action of the soaping agent and the dyes, the reactive dyes which are not firmly combined with the fiber are washed off, and meanwhile, the removed dyes are not adhered to the wood again, so that the aims of removing flooding and improving the fastness are fulfilled.
Example 1:
the salt-free dyeing method for the wood in the embodiment specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, preprocessing: leaching a poplar veneer sample (specification 100 × 50 × 2 mm) in a water bath environment with a bath ratio of 1:40, NaOH concentration of 0.2%, Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) concentration of 0.8% and leaching temperature of 60 ℃ for 8H, and then transferring to a bath ratio of 1:80, wherein H is the ratio of H to the total weight of the sample2O2Leaching with 5% hydrogen peroxide solution at 60 deg.C for 4 hr, and drying at 40 deg.C to water content of 28% +/-1%.
S2, dissolving 20g of active blue M-2GE in 60% ethanol water solution, and uniformly mixing to obtain 1% active blue M-2GE ethanol water solution;
s3, dyeing: weighing poplar which is processed by S1, putting the poplar into a stainless steel dye vat with a cover, adding an ethanol water solution of active blue M-2GE in S2 and 0.8% of Didecyl Dimethyl Ammonium Bromide (DDAB) into the dye vat according to a bath ratio of 1:40, uniformly oscillating in a constant-temperature oscillation water bath kettle, heating the water bath kettle at a speed of 2 ℃/min, heating to 60 ℃, keeping constant-temperature dyeing for 3 hours, and draining the wood.
S4, soaping: and (3) soaping the wood subjected to the step S3 at 90 ℃ for 10min by using 1wt% of LR-2 soaping agent as a soaping agent, washing with cold water, and drying to obtain the dyed wood.
The cationic gemini surfactant adopted in the embodiment is didodecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide, and in the invention, other cationic gemini surfactants are dimethylene-1, 2-bis (dodecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide) and dimethylene-1, 2-bis (tetradecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide); or one or more mixtures of these cationic gemini surfactants may also achieve the same or similar technical effect.
In other embodiments, the concentration of the didecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide is 1.0% or 1.2%, which can achieve the same or similar technical effect.
The reactive dye adopted in the embodiment is reactive red M-3BE, and other reactive dyes are reactive yellow M-3RS and reactive blue M-2GE in the invention; or one or more mixtures of these reactive dyes may also achieve the same or similar technical effect.
Comparative example 1:
a method for dyeing wood specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, preprocessing: leaching poplar veneer sample (specification 100 × 50 × 2 mm) in water bath environment with bath ratio of 1:40, NaOH concentration of 0.2% and leaching temperature of 60 deg.C for 8 hr, transferring to bath ratio of 1:80, and transferring to H2O2Leaching with 5% hydrogen peroxide solution at 60 deg.C for 4 hr, and drying at 40 deg.C to water content of 28% +/-1%.
S2, dissolving 20g of active blue M-2GE in 2L of aqueous solution, and uniformly mixing to obtain 1% of active blue M-2GE aqueous solution;
s3, dyeing: weighing poplar which is processed by S1, putting the poplar into a stainless steel dye vat with a cover, adding an S2 solution and 40g/L anhydrous sodium sulphate into the dye vat according to a bath ratio of 1:40, uniformly oscillating in a constant-temperature oscillation water bath kettle, heating the water bath kettle at a speed of 2 ℃/min, raising the temperature to 60 ℃, and keeping constant-temperature dyeing for 3 hours. Then adding 20g/L sodium carbonate, and fixing color at constant temperature of 60 ℃ for 80 min. The wood was drained.
S4, soaping: and (3) soaping the wood subjected to the step S3 at 90 ℃ for 10min by using 1wt% of LR-2 soaping agent as a soaping agent, washing with cold water, and drying to obtain the dyed wood.
Detecting the dye uptake and the color fixing rate of the active dye to the wood according to a GB/T2391-1980 determination method of the color absorption rate and the color fixing rate of the active dye, respectively detecting the soaping color fastness, the dry and wet rubbing color fastness of the dyed wood according to GB/T3921-2008 textile color fastness test soaping color fastness and GB/T3920 and 2008 textile color fastness test rubbing color fastness, the leveling property of the reactive dye or the leveling agent (surfactant) is respectively detected according to GB/T21881 & 2015 & lt determination of leveling property of acid dye ", GB/T9292 & 2012 & lt test method for leveling agent for polyester fabric dyed by disperse dye under high temperature condition of surfactant, GB/T10663-2014 & lt test method for leveling property of disperse dye & lt test method & gt for leveling agent for reducing dye by surfactant textile auxiliary agent and GB/T5552 & lt 1985 & gt & lt leveling property of leveling agent for reducing dye & lt.
The effect of DDAB on the surface tension of the dye liquor is shown in figure 1 and the solubilisation of the dye liquor is shown in figure 2. In fig. 1, the solution before dyeing refers to the solution obtained in step S2 in comparative example 1 and example 1, respectively, and the solution after dyeing refers to the dye liquor after the wood is dyed in the two solutions. The surface tension value of the solution before dyeing with DDAB is obviously much lower than that of the solution before dyeing without DDAB, which shows that DDAB reduces the surface tension of the dyeing solution; the surface tension value of the dyeing solution added with DDAB is greatly increased, which indicates that a plurality of oily substances in the wood enter the dyeing solution in the dyeing process, and the reason for the improvement of the dye uptake is laterally illustrated. In FIG. 2, the absorbance gradually increased with increasing concentrations of DDAB, especially 0.8%, 1.0%, 1.2%, indicating that the solubilization of the dye by DDAB was gradually enhanced.
By comparing the example 1 with the comparative example 1, the dyeing rate of the reactive dye poplar in the example 1 reaches 96.15%, the color fixing rate reaches 92.42%, the level-dyeing property is level 4, the soaping color fastness of the dyed wood reaches level 4, the dry rubbing color fastness reaches level 4, the wet rubbing color fastness reaches 3.5-4, the dyeing rate of the dyed wood in the comparative example 1 is 77.01%, the color fixing rate is more than 20% when reaching 71.13%, the level-dyeing property is higher than level 1 when reaching level 3, and the soaping color fastness and the dry and wet rubbing color fastness are higher than level 3 by 0.5-1.
Example 2:
the salt-free dyeing method for the wood in the embodiment specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, preprocessing: leaching a eucalyptus veneer sample (specification 100 × 50 × 2 mm) in a water bath environment with bath ratio of 1:30, NaOH concentration of 0.2%, polyoxyethylene octyl phenol ether-10 (OP-10) concentration of 1.0% and leaching temperature of 80 deg.C for 8H, transferring to a bath ratio of 1:60, and transferring to a high-temperature-resistant zone2O2Leaching in hydrogen peroxide solution with concentration of 6% and leaching temperature of 80 deg.C for 4 hr, and drying at 40 deg.C until water content is 28% +/-1%.
S2, dissolving 20g of active yellow M-3RS in 80% ethanol water solution, and uniformly mixing to obtain 1% active yellow M-3RS ethanol water solution;
s3, dyeing: weighing the eucalyptus wood which is processed by the step S1, putting the eucalyptus wood into a stainless steel dye vat with a cover, adding the active yellow M-3RS ethanol water solution and 1.2% dimethylene-1, 2-bis (dodecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide) in the step S2 into the dye vat according to the bath ratio of 1:30, uniformly oscillating the mixture in a constant-temperature oscillating water bath kettle, heating the water bath kettle at the speed of 2 ℃/min, heating the water bath kettle to 70 ℃, keeping constant-temperature dyeing for 3 hours, and draining the wood.
S4, soaping: and (3) soaping the wood subjected to the step S3 at 90 ℃ for 10min by using 1wt% of LR-2 soaping agent as a soaping agent, washing with cold water, and drying to obtain the dyed wood.
Comparative example 2:
a method for dyeing wood specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, preprocessing: leaching a eucalyptus veneer sample (specification 100 × 50 × 2 mm) in a water bath environment with bath ratio of 1:30, NaOH concentration of 0.2% and leaching temperature of 80 deg.C for 8H, transferring to a bath ratio of 1:60, and transferring to a reaction system with H2O2Leaching in hydrogen peroxide solution with concentration of 6% and leaching temperature of 80 deg.C for 4 hr, and drying at 40 deg.C until water content is 28% +/-1%.
S2, dissolving 20g of active yellow M-3RS in the aqueous solution, and uniformly mixing to obtain 1% active yellow M-3RS aqueous solution;
s3, dyeing: weighing the eucalyptus wood which is processed by the step S1, putting the eucalyptus wood into a stainless steel dye vat with a cover, adding an S2 neutral yellow M-3RS aqueous solution and 40g/L anhydrous sodium sulphate into the dye vat according to a bath ratio of 1:30, uniformly oscillating in a constant-temperature oscillation water bath kettle, heating the water bath kettle at a speed of 2 ℃/min, raising the temperature to 70 ℃, keeping the constant-temperature dyeing for 3h, adding 20g/L sodium carbonate, and fixing the color at the constant temperature of 70 ℃ for 80 min. The wood was drained.
S4, soaping: and (3) soaping the wood subjected to the step S3 at 90 ℃ for 10min by using 1wt% of LR-2 soaping agent as a soaping agent, washing with cold water, and drying to obtain the dyed wood.
By comparing the example 2 with the comparative example 2, the dyeing rate of the reactive dye eucalyptus wood in the example 2 reaches 92.54 percent, the color fixing rate reaches 88.25 percent, the level-dyeing property is of level 4, the soaping color fastness of the dyed wood reaches 4, the dry rubbing color fastness reaches 4, the wet rubbing color fastness reaches 3.5 to 4, the dyeing rate of the dyed wood in the comparative example 2 is 75.25 percent, the color fixing rate is 71.86 percent higher by more than 17 percent, the level-dyeing property 3 is higher by 1, and the soaping color fastness and the dry and wet rubbing color fastness 3 are higher by 0.5 to 1.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention in any manner. Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make many possible variations and modifications to the disclosed embodiments, or equivalent modifications, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, using the methods and techniques disclosed above. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent replacement, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are still within the scope of the protection of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A salt-free dyeing method for wood is characterized by comprising the following steps: placing the pretreated wood in a mixed solution of an ethanol aqueous solution containing reactive dyes and a cationic gemini surfactant solution for dyeing, and obtaining dyed wood after draining, soaping, washing and drying;
the pretreatment steps are specifically as follows: immersing the wood to be dyed into a mixed solution of NaOH solution and second surfactant solution for primary leaching, and then immersing into H2O2Leaching the solution for the second time, and drying to obtain pretreated wood; the cationic gemini surfactant is one or more of didodecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide, dimethylene-1, 2-bis (dodecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide) and dimethylene-1, 2-bis (tetradecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide); the active dye is one or more of active red M-3BE, active yellow M-3RS and active blue M-2 GE.
2. The salt-free dyeing method according to claim 1, characterized in that the dyeing comprises the following steps: placing the pretreated wood into a reaction container, adding an ethanol water solution containing reactive dye and a cationic gemini surfactant solution into the reaction container, uniformly oscillating, heating to 30-70 ℃ under the condition of water bath, and preserving heat for dyeing.
3. The salt-free dyeing method according to claim 2, characterized in that the concentration of the reactive dye in the ethanol aqueous solution containing the reactive dye is 0.5-2%, the concentration of the ethanol aqueous solution is 50-80%, and the concentration of the cationic gemini surfactant solution is 0.8-1.2%.
4. The salt-free dyeing method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the heat preservation dyeing time is 3-5 h, and the bath ratio under the water bath condition is 1: 20-50.
5. The salt-free dyeing method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in the first leaching step, the bath ratio is 1: 20-40, the concentration of NaOH in the mixed solution is 0.2% -0.8%, the concentration of the second surfactant is 0.6% -1.0%, the leaching temperature is 60-90 ℃, and the leaching time is 6-8 h.
6. The salt-free dyeing method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the second surfactant is one or more of a cationic surfactant or a non-ionic surfactant.
7. The salt-free dyeing method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in the second leaching step, the bath ratio is 1: 50-80, H2O2The concentration of the solution is 5-8%, the leaching temperature is 60-90 ℃, and the leaching time is 3-6 h.
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