CN108937839A - A kind of sighting target and its three points of visual charts of application - Google Patents
A kind of sighting target and its three points of visual charts of application Download PDFInfo
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- CN108937839A CN108937839A CN201810971074.8A CN201810971074A CN108937839A CN 108937839 A CN108937839 A CN 108937839A CN 201810971074 A CN201810971074 A CN 201810971074A CN 108937839 A CN108937839 A CN 108937839A
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- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 230000004438 eyesight Effects 0.000 abstract description 30
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 25
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 11
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 7
- 210000001525 retina Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 230000001808 coupling effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 108020003175 receptors Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 230000004304 visual acuity Effects 0.000 description 5
- 206010025421 Macule Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 206010047531 Visual acuity reduced Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004315 low visual acuity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000002189 macula lutea Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 201000004569 Blindness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000036982 action potential Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002999 depolarising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004310 photopic vision Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108091008695 photoreceptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000005610 quantum mechanics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035807 sensation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
- A61B3/02—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient
- A61B3/028—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient for testing visual acuity; for determination of refraction, e.g. phoropters
- A61B3/032—Devices for presenting test symbols or characters, e.g. test chart projectors
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
- A61B3/02—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient
- A61B3/028—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient for testing visual acuity; for determination of refraction, e.g. phoropters
- A61B3/0285—Phoropters
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of sighting target and its three points of visual charts of application, the sighting target is square, including the first lines, the both ends of first lines are respectively equipped with second lines vertical with the first lines, opening is formed between second lines at the first lines both ends, the direction of opening is four direction up and down；A kind of three points of visual charts, including bottom plate and the above-mentioned sighting target being located on bottom plate；When giving a test of one's eyesight, detected personnel need to recognize opening direction, namely it is detected the ability that personnel recognize distance between two the second lines, as distinguish the ability of minimum range between things, " ability that human eye can differentiate minimum range between external object " is defined with eyesight to be more consistent, the error for reducing eye test, improves the accuracy of eye test.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to eyes in health care ophthalmology to regard light device technical field, and in particular to a kind of sighting target and its application
Three points of visual charts.
Background technique
It is tested eyesight using visual chart, is a simplicity, accurate quantitative approach and is widely used.It is close in prevention and treatment teenager
Depending in work Vision screening and monitoring；The comparison and statistics of clinical ophthalmology curative effect；Large-scale crowd in prevention of blindness work
Investigation and tracking and it is related to the extremely wide enrollment in face, in physical examination etc. of advertising for workers, recruit cadres and conscript, has all played particularly important work
With.
Visual chart is the tool for measuring human eye visual angle, in addition to most widely used " standard logarithmic visual acuity chart ", there are many more
Other visual charts, such as: " dual-purpose logarithmic visual acuity chart ", " waiting than visual chart " (Tian Xilin 1983), " Visual acuity Preschool children table "
(grandson preserves pillow 1986), new logarithmic visual acuity chart (Ji Meiqing 1989), circular eyesight test chart (Zhao Zhong loyalty 1997) standardize logarithmic visual acuity chart
(Li Gang 2007) etc., in the world such as: Lea Symbols series of vision table, Kay Pictures series of vision table, Cardiff view
Power table, grid visual chart etc..In many visual charts, most visual charts use " E " word as sighting target.Eyesight is defined as:
Human eye can differentiate the ability of minimum range between external object.However currently used " E " sighting target of ophthalmology, eyesight is not met actually
Definition, there are errors when eye test.E " word sighting target, when testing eyesight, 5 cells in excited central fovea of macula are real
In matter when testing eyesight, due to 5 cells in excitement central fovea, or retina cell's information cross conduction occurs, generate
Coupling effect, leading to eyesight detection, there are errors；And excited 3 cells is only needed to can be realized when actually detected eyesight, therefore
Three points of visual charts are devised on the basis of this.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is that three points of visual charts of a kind of sighting target and its application are provided to solve the above-mentioned problems,
Improve the accuracy of eye test.
The present invention through the following technical solutions to achieve the above objectives:
A kind of sighting target, the sighting target are square, including the first lines, and the both ends of first lines are respectively equipped with and the
The second vertical lines of one lines form opening between second lines at the first lines both ends, and the direction of opening is up and down
Four direction, when giving a test of one's eyesight, detected personnel need to recognize opening direction, that is, be detected personnel and recognize two second lines
The ability of distance between item, the ability of minimum range, is more in line with the definition of eyesight, improves eyesight inspection as between discrimination things
The accuracy looked into；
As the scheme that the present invention advanced optimizes, first lines are equal with the line width of the second lines.
A kind of three points of visual charts are said good-bye angle because it is said good-bye angle to forming three in central fovea of macula with conventional eye chart " E " 5
It is contrasted, therefore referred to as three points of visual charts, this visual chart are based on receptor theory and are made, including plate body and be located on plate body
Every trade mark, every every trade mark include five equal-sized sighting targets, and the left side of the plate body is counted equipped with Snellen, and right side is equipped with
Decimal/five point/logMAR is counted；
As the scheme that the present invention advanced optimizes, the sighting target is square, including the first lines, first lines
Both ends be respectively equipped with second lines vertical with the first lines, form opening between second lines at the first lines both ends, open
The direction of mouth is that four direction, the personnel of giving a test of one's eyesight need to recognize opening direction up and down, that is, be detected personnel's identification two
The ability of distance between the second lines of item, the ability of minimum range, is more in line with the definition of eyesight, mentions as between discrimination things
The accuracy of high eye test.
As the scheme that the present invention advanced optimizes, the distance between colleague's two adjacent sighting targets of rower are one view of colleague
Target width；The vertical distance of adjacent rows rower is the height of the sighting target in next line rower, i.e. the first row rower and the
Vertical distance between two every trade marks is the height of sighting target in the second every trade mark, perpendicular between the second every trade mark and the third line rower
Straight distance is the height of sighting target in the third line rower, and so on.
As the scheme that the present invention advanced optimizes, the distance between colleague's two adjacent sighting targets of rower are one view of colleague
5/3 times of target width, i.e., the distance between adjacent sighting target is 5/3 of the width of sighting target in the first row rower in the first row rower
Times；The vertical distance of adjacent rows rower is 5/3 times of the sighting target height in next line rower, i.e. the first row rower and second
Vertical distance between every trade mark is 5/3 times of the height of sighting target in the second every trade mark, the second every trade mark and the third line rower it
Between vertical distance be 5/3 times of height of sighting target in the third line rower, and so on.
As the scheme that the present invention advanced optimizes, the sighting target in rower is sequentially increased from top to bottom, and in adjacent rower
The gaining rate of sighting target isThe length of sighting target is sighting target length in the second every trade mark i.e. in the first row rowerTimes, and so on.
As the scheme that the present invention advanced optimizes, every every trade is marked on plate body to be distributed between two parties.
As the scheme that the present invention advanced optimizes, the plate body is white and sighting target is black.
Visual chart is mostly using white as sighting target background, color of the black as sighting target at present.Eyesight, also known as Snazzi degree,
Refer to the ability that macula lutea tells two o'clock or two lines.Light enters human eye, when being transmitted at the cone cell of layer of retina, causes to regard
The depolarising of cell membrane is bored, and then generates action potential.It is almost cone cell, the photopic vision of cone cell department entirely in central fovea of macula
Feel, black absorbs light without reflected light as sighting target, therefore identification of the macula lutea for sighting target, substantially sighting target background are emerging
It has put forth energy the cell on other periphery.Physics internediate quantum mechanics are for black is defined as: if an object at any temperature all
The electromagnetic wave for projecting its any of the above wavelength can be fully absorbed, then it seems complete black, such object
Referred to as black matrix.This color is known as black.It (in nature, fully absorbs and is not deposit to the absolute black body of external radiation
) a sufficiently small hole has been opened on sufficiently large cavity wall, this aperture makes all incident rays through countless secondary reflections
After cannot project.This aperture can approximation regard black-body surface as.Therefore, in fact not emerging using black as sighting target color
Put forth energy cone cell, but the excited other central cell in the region.And white sighting target can the directly excited central fovea of macula cone
Cell.
As the scheme that the present invention advanced optimizes, the plate body is black and sighting target is white, is set off with black background
White sighting target, when illumination increases, wrongly written or mispronounced character can achieve maximum brightness ratio.Printing-type papery visual chart is become apparent.It is right
In the low visual acuity patient for having dazzle, black background does not generate dazzle, can be avoided the decline of the contrast due to caused by dazzle, thus
It can be improved the accuracy of eye test.
Be electrically coupled mechanism from retina to consider: retina is electrically coupled mechanism, the i.e. lateral transport of retina signal: light sensation
Receiver usually has reaction to irradiation light thereon, but irradiates its adjacent photoreceptor and also have faint reaction, this is because light
Exist between receptor and is electrically coupled.Theoretically, 3 coupling effects can occur for white gravoply, with black engraved characters sighting target, and black matrix wrongly written or mispronounced character is only
It can occur 2 times, retina coupling effect reduces one third.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1) present invention is being given a test of one's eyesight by the distance between the opening i.e. the second lines formed between the second lines of identification
When, detected personnel need to recognize opening direction, that is, be detected the ability that personnel recognize distance between two the second lines, i.e.,
For the ability for distinguishing minimum range between things, it is more in line with the definition of eyesight, improves the accuracy of eye test；
2) present invention is black by plate body and sighting target is that white avoids the contrast due to caused by dazzle from declining, so as to
Enough improve the accuracy of eye test；
3) the configuration of the present invention is simple, stability is high, and design rationally, is easy to implement.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is sighting target structural schematic diagram of the invention；
Fig. 2 is one structural schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is two structural schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is three structural schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is four structural schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
In figure: 1- plate body；2- rower；4- sighting target；The first lines of 40-；The second lines of 41-；42- opening；5-Snellen meter
Number；6- decimal/five point/logMAR is counted.
Specific embodiment
The application is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawing, it is necessary to it is indicated herein to be, implement in detail below
Mode is served only for that the application is further detailed, and should not be understood as the limitation to the application protection scope, the field
Technical staff can make some nonessential modifications and adaptations to the application according to above-mentioned application content.
A kind of sighting target as shown in Figure 1, sighting target 4 are square, including the first lines 40, the both ends difference of the first lines 40
Equipped with second lines 41 vertical with the first lines 40, opening 42 is formed between second lines 41 at 40 both ends of the first lines, is opened
The direction of mouth 42 is that four direction, the personnel of giving a test of one's eyesight need to recognize 42 directions of opening up and down, that is, are detected personnel and distinguish
Recognize the ability of distance between two the second lines 41, the ability of minimum range, is more in line with eyesight as between discrimination things
Definition, improves the accuracy of eye test；
First lines 40 are equal with the line width of the second lines 41.
Embodiment one
Three points of visual charts of one kind as shown in Figure 2, this visual chart are based on receptor theory and are made, a kind of three points of visual charts, base
It is made in receptor theory, including plate body 1 and 14 every trade marks 2 being located on plate body 1, plate body 1 is white and sighting target 4 is black
Color, every every trade mark 2 are distributed between two parties on plate body 1, and every every trade mark 2 includes five equal-sized sighting targets 4, and the left side of plate body 1 is set
There is Snellen to count 5, right side is equipped with decimal/five point/logMAR and counts 6；
Sighting target 4 is square, including the first lines 40, and the both ends of the first lines 40 are respectively equipped with vertical with the first lines 40
The second lines 41, opening 42 is formed between second lines 41 at 40 both ends of the first lines, 42 direction of being open is up and down
Four direction, the personnel of giving a test of one's eyesight need to recognize 42 directions of opening, that is, are detected personnel and recognize between two the second lines 41
The ability of distance, the ability of minimum range, is more in line with the definition of eyesight, improves the standard of eye test as between discrimination things
True property.
The distance between rower 2 two adjacent sighting targets 4 go together as the width for a sighting target 4 of going together；Adjacent rows rower 2
Vertical distance for the sighting target 4 in next line rower 2 height, i.e., between the first row rower 2 and the second every trade mark 2 it is vertical away from
From the height for sighting target 4 in the second every trade mark 2, the vertical distance between the second every trade mark 2 and the third line rower 2 is third every trade
The height of sighting target 4 in mark 2, and so on.
Sighting target 4 in rower 2 is sequentially increased from top to bottom, and the gaining rate of sighting target is in adjacent rower 2The length of sighting target 4 is 4 length of sighting target in the second every trade mark 2 i.e. in the first row rower 2
Times, and so on.
The design data of the present embodiment visual chart is as shown in table 1:
Table one
Embodiment two
As shown in figure 3, unlike embodiment one: the plate body 1 of the present embodiment is black, and sighting target 4 is white, Huan Zhe
When seeing visual chart, 3 coupling effects can occur for white gravoply, with black engraved characters sighting target 4, and black matrix wrongly written or mispronounced character can only occur 2 times, retina thermocouple
Closing effect reduces one third, and for there is the low visual acuity patient of dazzle, black background does not generate dazzle, can be avoided due to dazzle
Caused contrast decline, so as to improve the accuracy of eye test.
Embodiment three
As shown in figure 4, a kind of three points of visual charts, are made based on receptor theory, including plate body 1 and it is located on plate body 1
14 every trade marks 2, plate body 1 be white and sighting target 4 be black, every every trade mark 2 is distributed between two parties on plate body 1, and every every trade mark 2 includes
Five equal-sized sighting targets 4, the left side of plate body 1 are equipped with Snellen and count 5, and right side is equipped with decimal/five point/logMAR and counts
6；
Sighting target 4 is square, including the first lines 40, and the both ends of the first lines 40 are respectively equipped with vertical with the first lines 40
The second lines 41, opening 42 is formed between second lines 41 at 40 both ends of the first lines, 42 direction of being open is up and down
Four direction, the personnel of giving a test of one's eyesight need to recognize 42 directions of opening, that is, are detected personnel and recognize between two the second lines 41
The ability of distance, the ability of minimum range, is more in line with the definition of eyesight, improves the standard of eye test as between discrimination things
True property.
The distance between rower 2 two adjacent sighting targets 4 of going together are 5/3 times of the width of one sighting target 4 of colleague, i.e. the first row
The distance between adjacent sighting target 4 is 5/3 times of the width of sighting target 4 in the first row rower 2 in rower 2；Adjacent rows rower 2 erects
It is 5/3 times of 4 height of sighting target in next line rower 2 to distance, i.e., it is perpendicular between the first row rower 2 and the second every trade mark 2
Straight distance is 5/3 times of the height of sighting target 4 in the second every trade mark 2, between the second every trade mark 2 and the third line rower 2 it is vertical away from
From 5/3 times for the height of sighting target 4 in the third line rower 2, and so on.
Sighting target 4 in rower 2 is sequentially increased from top to bottom, and the gaining rate of sighting target is in adjacent rower 2The length of sighting target 4 is 4 length of sighting target in the second every trade mark 2 i.e. in the first row rower 2
Times, and so on.
The design data of the visual chart of the present embodiment is as shown in table 2:
Table 2
The present embodiment is design (three point visual charts of the sighting target 4 having a size of three points of visual charts relative to the difference of embodiment one
It is basic sighting target with small E, because its size designs for 3*3, herein referred as three points of visual charts), 4 spacing of sighting target and line space are 5 points
The design (5 points of visual charts are basic sighting target with illiteracy E, because its size designs for 5*5, herein referred as 5 points of visual charts) of visual chart,
Three points of 4 sizes of visual chart basis sighting target only about 5 points of 4 sizes of visual chart basis sighting target 0.6, therefore three points of visual charts are gathered around
Crowded effect also will be apparent from, and to study crowding effect, influences caused by result convenient for research 4 size of sighting target, makes this reality
Apply the visual chart of example.
Example IV
As shown in figure 5, the present embodiment is unlike embodiment three: the plate body 1 of the present embodiment is black, and sighting target 4 is white
Color, when seeing visual chart, 3 coupling effects can occur patient for white gravoply, with black engraved characters sighting target 4, and black matrix wrongly written or mispronounced character can only occur 2 times, depending on
Nethike embrane coupling effect reduces one third, and for there is the low visual acuity patient of dazzle, black background does not generate dazzle, can be avoided
The decline of the contrast due to caused by dazzle, so as to improve the accuracy of eye test.
When carrying out eye test using the visual chart of any of the above-described embodiment, measured station hides at sighting target 2.5m
At a glance, oral name sighting target 4, examiner (does not block visual chart) beside visual chart in station to lid, is opened at the top of visual chart with pen tip
Begin, carry out from top to bottom instruction the single sighting target 4 of uniline, when the oral naming errors of measured, be directed toward lastrow, from left to right according to
The secondary single sighting target 4 of instruction.When being indicated, pen tip is flushed with next line sighting target 4, to prevent pen tip from checking that sighting target 4 is excessively close, is made
At crowding effect.If measured's erroneous answers when inspection, then a chance is given, if still erroneous answers, use logMAR method
Record eyesight.If measured indicates fuzzy in test, it is encouraged to continue to identify, if erroneous answers, then give primary
Chance records eyesight with logMAR method if still mistake.If patient indicates " not seeing Chu really " or " is small black entirely
Point (or small particles) " etc. jumps back to lastrow, is from left to right examined successively, records eyesight using logMAR method.
The embodiments described above only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but simultaneously
Limitations on the scope of the patent of the present invention therefore cannot be interpreted as.It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art
For, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made, these belong to guarantor of the invention
Protect range.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of sighting target, it is characterised in that: the sighting target (4) is square, including the first lines (40), first lines
(40) both ends are respectively equipped with second lines (41) vertical with the first lines (40), second lines at the first lines (40) both ends
(41) opening (42) is formed between.
2. a kind of sighting target according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: first lines (40) and the second lines (41)
Line width is equal.
3. a kind of three points of visual charts, it is characterised in that: including plate body (1) and 14 every trade marks (2) being located on plate body (1), often
Every trade mark (2) includes five equal-sized sighting targets (4) as described in claim 1-2 any one, a left side for the plate body (1)
Side is equipped with Snellen and counts (5), and right side is equipped with decimal/five point/logMAR and counts (6).
4. a kind of three points of visual charts according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: rower (2) two adjacent sighting targets (4) of colleague
The distance between for colleague one sighting target (4) width；The vertical distance of adjacent rows rower (2) is positioned at next line rower
(2) height of the sighting target (4) in.
5. a kind of three points of visual charts according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: rower (2) two adjacent sighting targets (4) of colleague
The distance between be 5/3 times of width of one sighting target (4) of colleague；The vertical distance of adjacent rows rower (2) is positioned at next
5/3 times of sighting target (4) height in every trade mark (2).
6. a kind of three points of visual charts according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the sighting target (4) in rower (2) is from top to bottom
It is sequentially increased, and the gaining rate of adjacent rower (2) interior sighting target (4) is
7. a kind of three points of visual charts according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: every every trade mark (2) is placed in the middle on plate body (1)
Distribution.
8. according to three points of visual charts of one kind described in claim 3-7 any one, it is characterised in that: the plate body (1) is white
Color and sighting target (4) are black.
9. according to three points of visual charts of one kind described in claim 3-7 any one, it is characterised in that: the plate body (1) is black
Color and sighting target (4) are white.
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| CN201810971074.8A CN108937839A (en) | 2018-08-24 | 2018-08-24 | A kind of sighting target and its three points of visual charts of application |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110063708A (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2019-07-30 | 朱爱斌 | A kind of calibration visual chart and visual chart application method |
| CN111904375A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-11-10 | 中山大学中山眼科中心 | Visual chart for self-test and use method thereof |
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| CN1586391A (en) * | 2004-06-30 | 2005-03-02 | 中国人民解放军海军总医院 | General type visual chart |
| CN107847122A (en) * | 2015-08-03 | 2018-03-27 | 国立大学法人爱媛大学 | Visual field measuring method, visual field measuring device and eye test sighting target |
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2018
- 2018-08-24 CN CN201810971074.8A patent/CN108937839A/en active Pending
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1586391A (en) * | 2004-06-30 | 2005-03-02 | 中国人民解放军海军总医院 | General type visual chart |
| CN107847122A (en) * | 2015-08-03 | 2018-03-27 | 国立大学法人爱媛大学 | Visual field measuring method, visual field measuring device and eye test sighting target |
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| 王光霁: "不同对比度视力表及其临床应用", 《眼视光学杂志》 * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110063708A (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2019-07-30 | 朱爱斌 | A kind of calibration visual chart and visual chart application method |
| CN110063708B (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2022-04-19 | 朱爱斌 | Calibration visual chart and visual chart using method |
| CN111904375A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-11-10 | 中山大学中山眼科中心 | Visual chart for self-test and use method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20181207 |