CN108933611A - The hidden underwater acoustic communication method of noise and related device based on environment sensing - Google Patents
The hidden underwater acoustic communication method of noise and related device based on environment sensing Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04B13/02—Transmission systems in which the medium consists of the earth or a large mass of water thereon, e.g. earth telegraphy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
- H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
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Abstract
Provided in an embodiment of the present invention is the hidden underwater acoustic communication method and related device of a kind of difference cyclic shift spread-spectrum based on ambient noise.Transmitting terminal is from the low identification probability angle of signal, local water environment acquisition of information noise is perceived to be handled and establish noise database, it therefrom analyzes preferably without significantly interfering with and the good noise sequence of correlation replaces conventional frequency expansion sequence and carries out signal Doppler estimation, synchronization and information transmission, information is modulated in difference cyclic shift spread-spectrum method, to cope with the influence of time- variant channel.Receiving end uses influence of the time reversal method demodulation to inhibit channel multi-path to generate, and can improve signal-to-noise ratio by focusing gain, and correlation demodulation is recycled to realize low complex degree processing.Compared to bionical communication, information transmission is carried out using noise sequence and has broken aquatile region and seasonal limitation, reduces the influence to marine organisms, and can realize that information transparency transmits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to underwater sound communications, more particularly to the hidden underwater acoustic communication method of noise and phase based on underwater environment perception
Answer device.
Background technique
As the application field of underwater sound communication network constantly expands, underwater sound communication has become the heat of underwater sound technical research
Point.In recent years, underwater sound communication plays more and more important in marine environmental monitoring, resources exploration and ocean scientific research
Role.It is detectd when interactive information between node exposure, non-friendly node access and node when to prevent underwater sound communication networking from working
Listen, underwater sound communication to it is concealed require it is higher and higher.Traditional hidden underwater acoustic communication method much goes out from low signal-to-noise ratio angle
Signal hiding, is realized hidden effect by hair in ambient noise.On the one hand this mode is accumulated for a long time for detection sonar
Signal of communication presence can be detected by dividing, and on the other hand reduction power of communications, which is realized to communicate, limits communication distance.
In recent years from the angle of identification underwater sound signal, covert communications are realized using ocean canonical biometric noise signal,
Although the Sonar system of enemy can detect water sound communication signal, enemy is difficult to distinguish bionical water sound communication signal and sea
The cry signal of the intrinsic marine organisms in ocean, to realize its concealment.But due to bionical communication and region, season and spy
Dinghai ocean biotic population habit is closely related, needs to establish the bionical signal library based on specific marine organisms cry in advance,
Select cry signal appropriate for communicating from the library in specific communication process, preceding period cost is larger, and applicability is not high；
And the normal habit of marine organisms can be interfered.
In wireless communication, cognitive communications are considered as that an intelligent communication system accomplishes to advise by learning from ambient enviroment
Interference, the frequency spectrum, the channel perception information that adaptively change transmitting signal etc. are kept away, to realize that high reliability is led to whenever and wherever possible
Letter.Simon doctor Haykin recognizes underwater sound communication (Congnitive Underwater Acoustic in proposition in 2007
Communication) system concept for the first time combines cognitive radio technology and underwater sound communication, is the research of underwater sound communication
Open new direction.But underwater acoustic channel has propagation delay length, space-time-frequency Selective intensity, multi-path delay spread
The various features such as length, bandwidth critical constraints, therefore be badly in need of research and be applied to the cognitive communications technology of underwater sound communication environment to realize
The various information of surrounding underwater environment are perceived, and these information are analyzed, learnt and judged, communication system can be made more efficient
Reliably.
It is concentrated mainly on spread spectrum and bionical communication aspects about underwater sound covert communications at present, both at home and abroad for how to utilize ring
Border perception realizes that the research of underwater sound covert communications is less.For this purpose, application environmental information is realized hidden for subsurface communication network
The research for covering communication is very necessary work.
Summary of the invention
For overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the difference circulation based on ambient noise that the embodiment provides a kind of
Displacement spread spectrum DCSK (Differential cyclic shift keying) hidden underwater sound communication scheme, using concealment with
The good noise waveform of correlation replaces conventional frequency expansion sequence and aquatile signal carries out information transmission, realizes that the communication information is saturating
Bright transmission, and broken aquatile region and seasonal limitation, reduce the influence to waters biology.
According to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of hidden underwater sound of noise based on environment sensing according to an embodiment of the present invention is logical
Letter method the following steps are included:
(1) Underwater Acoustic Environment is perceived；
In step (1), due to Underwater Acoustic Environment as the change in time and geographical location accordingly changes, environment
Noise waveform is chosen necessary local mobilism and is carried out, to guarantee concealment.By environment sensing obtain noise, to noise waveform into
Row Power estimation chooses local ambient noise waveform noiseless in corresponding band and with good correlation and independence.Due to
Noise signal time domain waveform envelope is unstable, therefore need to reduce the flat power ratio in its peak (PARA) using margining amplitude technique and eliminate part
The influence of impulse disturbances.Preferred noise waveform has good autocorrelation as can be seen from Figure 2, is suitble to be used as spread-spectrum signal
Carrier as information transmission.
(2) noise communication；
Step (2), in order to improve the concealment of communication system, uses step after step (1) obtains local noise waveform
(1) noise waveform of perception replaces linear FM signal to carry out follow-up signal Doppler estimation and synchronous, transmission frame-form such as figure
3。
DCSK modulation is carried out by signal vehicle of noise waveform, signal waveform is with the basic noise waveform in communications band
It with reference to being shifted, transmits it in the form of noise in the channel, so that system is had more concealment and anti-section using spread spectrum communication
Obtaining property.Secondly, the influence of fast time variant underwater acoustic channel can be coped with using differential modulation.
It can be seen from figure 3 that the structure of transmission frame includes: two identical noise waveforms, and intermediate interspersed id signal
The frame synchronizing signal that collectively forms and to the data after basic noise waveform DCSK modulates information.
(3) receiving end information extraction；
In step (3), receiving end using noise waveform realize Doppler estimation with it is synchronous.In addition, anti-using the passive time
Shifting method processing is realized to compression of the multipath on time and Spatial Dimension and the focusing to specified receiving point, inhibits multipath
The influence that effect generates；Receiving end could must correctly be estimated in the case where knowing basic waveform and be demodulated, for not
Authorized user then can not correctly demodulate in unknown basic waveform, confidentiality has been effectively ensured.
According to another aspect of the present invention, the hidden underwater sound communication sending device of a kind of noise based on environment sensing, including
Below:
Sensing device obtains noise waveform by perceiving local water environment, establishes noise database；
Selection device, using Power estimation selection without the noise waveform significantly interfered with；
Pretreatment unit pre-processes the noise waveform of selection；
Modulating device realizes the noise communication modulated based on difference cyclic shift spread-spectrum using the noise waveform of selection；
Synchronizing device, using the noise waveform selected as synchronization frame.
According to another aspect of the invention, the hidden underwater sound communication reception device of a kind of noise based on environment sensing, including
Below:
Synchronizing device, using selection noise waveform carry out Doppler estimation with it is synchronous；
Demodulating equipment carries out time reversal processing using the noise waveform of selection and uses difference cyclic shift spread-spectrum solution
It adjusts.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
The embodiment of the present invention uses spread-spectrum underwater sound communication technology, transmission power is reduced using spreading gain, to drop
The low probability being trapped, and embody the biological friendly of communication；It is perceived using Underwater Acoustic Environment, utilizes preferred local noise waves
Shape carries out the communication of difference cyclic shift spread-spectrum, transmits signal with form of noise, can be significant while effectively transmission information
Improve the concealment of signal of communication；Compared to bionical communication, information transmission is carried out using noise sequence and has broken aquatile region
Property and seasonal limitation, reduce the influence to marine organisms, and can realize that information transparency transmits.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the general frame figure for the underwater sound communication system implemented according to the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the autocorrelogram of selected noise waveform according to embodiments of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is transmitting signal frame format structure figure according to an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is differential ference spiral block diagram in receiving end according to an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 (a) is that the secondary power according to an embodiment of the present invention to DSSS composes detection figure；
Fig. 5 (b) is the secondary power spectrum detection figure of noise communication according to an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is accidental channel structure chart according to an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is Doppler factor 1*10 according to an embodiment of the present invention-4Lower noise communication single channel simulation result；
Fig. 8 is Doppler factor 1*10 according to an embodiment of the present invention-4Lower noise communication four-way simulation result；
Fig. 9 (a) is noise communication data dependence energy figure according to an embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 9 (b) is noise communication data dependence energy figure according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples, and the present invention includes but are not limited to following implementation cases
Example.
1, Underwater Acoustic Environment is perceived；
In Fig. 1, in Underwater Acoustic Environment sensing module, Power estimation carried out to the hydroacoustic noise waveform of extraction, when Power estimation can adopt
With correlation method, period map method, AR modelling etc., the power spectral density measured is compared with threshold values thresholding, filters out nothing
The noise waveform significantly interfered with, pre-processes noise waveform, and pretreatment includes the good sequence of selection autocorrelation and limit
Width processing, inhibits PARA.
2, noise communication
Different from traditional communication system, noise communication does not use carrier modulation, but is made an uproar using the environment of extraction
Acoustic wave form is directly modulated information data.Generalized Cyclic displacement modulation not only can expansion with cyclic shift based on phase-modulation
Frequency sequence, can also be with cyclic shift others waveform signal, such as linear FM signal, Hyperbolic Frequency Modulation signal, noise waveform letter
Number and other signals with excellent correlation properties.Using DCSK, i.e., represented not by the number of the cyclic shift of noise waveform
Same symbol, and synchronous head is done using the good noise waveform of autocorrelation, improve communication concealment.
It is limited by underwater acoustic channel finite bandwidth, Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Communication often only has tens bits per second even
The transmission rate of several bits, thus limit the practicality.DCSK spread spectrum communication mode shifts rope by changing frequency expansion sequence
The modulation system drawn carries more information, this to a certain extent improves the performance of spread-spectrum underwater sound communication and communication speed
Rate, compared to the Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum generallyd use, traffic rate generally improves 4-5 times, greatly improves the available of spread spectrum communication
Property, while its confidentiality can be improved by way of optimizing spreading code.
DCSK carries out shifting function on the basis of being after the displacement of previous frequency expansion sequence, the expansion for being N for a length
Frequency sequence C={ c1,c2,…,cN, basic displacement unit is Tshift, then the information that can be indicated is k=log2(N/Tshift).Hair
It penetrates end and processing is grouped by k bit to the binary message of input, every group of data map a frequency expansion sequence.Assuming that n-th group
Transmitting the corresponding frequency expansion sequence of data is Cn={ cn,1,cn,2,…,cn,N, the decimal representation of the kbit information of n-th group transmission
For m (m≤N/Tshift), then its corresponding sequence Cn+1It can be in sequence CnOn the basis of circulative shift operation obtainThe shifting function of i.e. next group sequence is the sequence after upper one displacement
It is carried out on the basis of column.
3, the information extraction modules of signal
Emit signal and pass through underwater acoustic channel, is influenced by multipath fading and noise, if hnTo believe when transmission n-th group information
The impulse response in road, then the signal that receives of n-th group information be
In formula, snTo emit signal, wnThe noise of signal is received for n-th group；Indicate convolution operation, receiving end uses quilt
Negative side's method demodulates when dynamic, and being write above formula as frequency domain form is
Rn=HnSn+Wn (4)
In formula, Rn、Hn、Sn、WnFor rn、hn、sn、wnFrequency domain representation.Conjugation is taken to formula (4) both ends, obtains its conjugate form
For
In formulaFor Rn、Hn、Sn、WnConjugate representation.
By (n+1)th group of reception signal rn+1Frequency domain form Rn+1WithMultiplication has
In formula,
Assuming that underwater acoustic channel within coherence time for when constant channel, it may be considered that two neighboring frequency expansion sequence is relevant
, soFor the auto-correlation function of underwater acoustic channel impulse response, it is equivalent to and the multipath received is extended in time
Signal has carried out compression and cophase stacking, and relevant peaks are apparently higher than secondary lobe, can be regarded as δ function, therefore formula (6) is writeable
At
In formula,For sequence Cn+1And CnFrequency domain cross correlation results, being write formula (7) as forms of time and space is
Due to cnSubscript by mould N calculate, thenFormula (8) becomes
According to formula (9) it is found that the peak position of the cross-correlation function of two neighboring sequence just includes transmission information, therefore is had
In formula, F-1() is inverse Fourier transform；As to demodulate obtained transmission information, DCSK method receiving end solution
Adjust block diagram as indicated at 4.
Anti-technology is handled when receiving end carries out passive to the multi channel signals received first, reaches space-time two-dimensional focusing
Effect.Even for time varying channel, data block portion is decomposed in the adjacent reception signal that timing is utilized and has contained channel
Information, so not needing to carry out channel estimation.Do so two big advantages:
(1) using it is passive when anti-and cross-correlation demodulation techniques restrained effectively cochannel interference；
(2) without carrying out the channel estimation between data block, this is extremely effective in low signal-to-noise ratio, and reduces and be
System complexity.
Example performance evaluation
For the concealment detection of noise communication, the embodiment of the present invention is detected using secondary power spectral method,
So-called secondary power spectrometry, which just refers to, does the processing of secondary power spectrum the power spectrum of signal, believes the power spectrum of signal as input
Number power spectrum is sought again, to obtain the secondary power spectrum of signal.Classical power spectrum asks method to have direct method and two kinds of indirect method, directly
Connection refers to period map method, is directly obtained by Fourier transform；Indirect method refers to correlation method, i.e., first finds out auto-correlation function,
Its Fourier transform is asked to obtain the power Spectral Estimation of signal again.The theory deduction of secondary power spectrum is exactly to use indirect method to seek function
Rate spectrum.
After direct sequence signal is carried out the processing of secondary power spectrum, the energy spectrum of signal will appear some pulse trains, search for this
A little pulse trains, it is known that the spacing between sequence is exactly the integral multiple of PN-code capture.White Gaussian noise is not equipped with a feature that then,
Thus principle can realize the PN-code capture estimation of direct sequence signal.
Concealment Analyzing, bandwidth B=4000Hz are carried out to DSSS and noise communication respectively using following parameter；Sample rate f s
=48000；PN-code capture N=127；Ns=12 sampled point of one symbol；An an information bit corresponding period during DSSS
Pseudo-code sequence.Simulation result such as Fig. 5 (a) can clearly see the peak value of secondary function spectral line, and equidistant appearance, pass through
Its spacing known to search is 1524, this value is equal to separation of spectra L=N × Ns=12 × 127.Therefore can estimate to obtain pseudo-code
It is theoretical to meet the PN-code capture provided by period N=127.
It is learnt compared with the verification result for composing verification result m-sequence DSSS shown in Fig. 5 (a) by the above secondary power,
When carrying out secondary power spectrum detection to noise communication algorithm data, it equally spaced arteries and veins can not occur like that with m-sequence DSSS
Punching (shown in such as Fig. 5 (b)), therefore its spreading period can not accurately be detected.The modulator approach that the embodiment of the present invention proposes
It is unobvious compared to m-sequence DSSS feature in spreading period, there is lower detection probability and intercept probability, security performance is good.
A bit of noise waveform in emulation selection marine environment, parameter such as table 1, frame format such as Fig. 3,
1. ambient noise parameter list of table
Wherein displacement order K refers to the different displacement mode of a total of K kind of cyclic shift spread-spectrum, so a noise waveform
Modulated log2The information of K bits, corresponding data transfer rate are obviously improved relative to DSSS, and coded portion uses [5 7]
The convolutional encoding of coding mode.
Receiving end is divided into directly judgement and Viterbi decoding adjudicates two ways.By seanoise waveform under accidental channel
The Computer Simulation of noise communication mode is carried out, channel architecture is respectively such as Fig. 6.Receiving end takes more array elements to receive mode, utilizes
Data portion then takes data portion and adjacent signal sections after the channel of sync section estimation carries out time reversal processing
Relevant treatment be then converted to corresponding binary sequence to obtain corresponding correlation peak index.
It is 1*10 that Fig. 6, which is shown in different displacement order and the Doppler frequency shift factor,-4In the case of, noise communication performance phase
It is poor little, it can be seen that noise communication can tolerate certain Doppler frequency shift, and can pass through Doppler effect correction acquirement and nothing
The same performance of Doppler, and it is little to shift order influence, therefore is contemplated that high-order displacement to obtain more High Data Rate；Comparison diagram
7, Fig. 8 can be seen that under identical Doppler contribution, equally 8,16,32 3 kind of displacement mode of progress, reach bit error rate 1*10-4, four-way merging treatment performance improves about 8 dB compared to single channel, it is obvious to promote effect.
The single channel and multichannel relational graph such as Fig. 9 of noise communication emulation data, it can be seen that correlation peak is obvious, figure
9 (b) show that band-wise processing brings obvious gain, from analogous diagram 8 it can be seen that no error code may be implemented in -8dB is hidden logical
Letter, embodies the good feasibility of noise communication scheme and communication performance.
The upper specific embodiment has carried out further in detail the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effects
Describe in detail it is bright, it should be understood that being not intended to limit the present invention the foregoing is merely a specific embodiment of the invention
Protection scope, all within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done should be included in
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of hidden underwater acoustic communication method of noise based on environment sensing, which is characterized in that the described method comprises the following steps:
(1) noise waveform is obtained by perceiving local water environment, establishes noise database, using Power estimation selection without obvious dry
The noise waveform disturbed, and the noise waveform of selection is pre-processed；
(2) noise communication modulated based on difference cyclic shift spread-spectrum is realized using the noise waveform of selection；
(3) receiving end using selection noise waveform carry out Doppler estimation with it is synchronous, progress time reversal processing and use it is poor
Divide cyclic shift spread-spectrum demodulation.
2. underwater acoustic communication method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that made an uproar using Power estimation selection without what is significantly interfered with
Acoustic wave form includes: to carry out Power estimation to noise waveform, and the power spectral density of the noise waveform measured is compared with threshold value, is obtained
It obtains without the noise waveform significantly interfered with.
3. underwater acoustic communication method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that carry out pretreatment packet to the noise waveform of selection
It includes: noise sequence being selected according to autocorrelation performance, and amplitude limiting processing is carried out to noise waveform.
4. underwater acoustic communication method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that realized using the noise waveform of selection based on poor
The noise communication for dividing cyclic shift spread-spectrum modulation includes: that information waveform is moved with the noise waveform in communications band for reference
Position, so that information waveform transmits in the form of noise.
5. underwater acoustic communication method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that noise communication includes: to select certainly in step (2)
Frame head of the good noise sequence of correlation as transmission frame, to improve communication concealment.
6. underwater acoustic communication method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that specific using the demodulation of difference cyclic shift spread-spectrum
Are as follows:
If n-th group receives signal rnFrequency domain form RnConjugation and (n+1)th group of reception signal rn+1Frequency domain form Rn+1Multiplication can
It obtains formula (1),
In formula,Wherein, snTo emit spread-spectrum signal, wnSignal is received for n-th group
Noise, hnThe impulse response of channel when to transmit n-th group information；Sn、Wn、HnRespectively sn、wn、hnFrequency domain form, ()*
Indicate conjugation；
Assuming that underwater acoustic channel is slow change channel within coherence time, it may be considered that the channel of adjacent 2 frequency expansion sequences is relevant
, soFor the auto-correlation function of underwater acoustic channel impulse response, therefore formula (1) can be written as
In formula,For sequence sn+1And snFrequency domain multiplied result；
More accurate peak value is obtained by focusing, the cross-correlation function peak position of the two neighboring sequence in receiving end includes transmission
Information.
7. a kind of hidden underwater sound communication sending device of noise based on environment sensing, which is characterized in that the sending device includes
Below:
Sensing device obtains noise waveform by perceiving local water environment, establishes noise database；
Selection device, using Power estimation selection without the noise waveform significantly interfered with；
Pretreatment unit pre-processes the noise waveform of selection；
Modulating device realizes the noise communication modulated based on difference cyclic shift spread-spectrum using the noise waveform of selection；
Synchronizing device, using the noise waveform selected as synchronization frame.
8. a kind of hidden underwater sound communication reception device of noise based on environment sensing, which is characterized in that the reception device includes
Below:
Synchronizing device, using selection noise waveform carry out Doppler estimation with it is synchronous；
Demodulating equipment is carried out time reversal processing using the noise waveform of selection and is demodulated using difference cyclic shift spread-spectrum.
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| CN113702703A (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2021-11-26 | 天津光电通信技术有限公司 | Weak signal detection and identification method and system |
| CN113992299A (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2022-01-28 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一九研究所 | Ship noise frequency spectrum modulation method and device |
| CN113992299B (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2023-08-25 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一九研究所 | Ship noise spectrum modulation method and device |
| CN114205049B (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2023-09-08 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一九研究所 | Communication noise interference method and device |
| CN114205049A (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2022-03-18 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一九研究所 | Communication type noise interference method and device |
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