CN108932354A - A kind of evaluation method of main shaft pretightning force - Google Patents
A kind of evaluation method of main shaft pretightning force Download PDFInfo
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- CN108932354A CN108932354A CN201710369445.0A CN201710369445A CN108932354A CN 108932354 A CN108932354 A CN 108932354A CN 201710369445 A CN201710369445 A CN 201710369445A CN 108932354 A CN108932354 A CN 108932354A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of evaluation methods of main shaft pretightning force, first, loading analysis is carried out to main shaft support bearing, it is loaded to find out main shaft bearing institute, secondly, machine tool mainshaft bearing five degree of freedom nonlinear finite element model is established, the fit correlation between the dynamic stiffness of main shaft bearing and revolving speed and main shaft bearing pretightning force is established.Again, machine tool chief axis five degree of freedom finite element model is established, the relationship between main shaft bearing dynamic stiffness and main shaft dynamic stiffness is established；Then, calculate the main shaft dynamic stiffness under different bearing pre-fastenings and revolving speed, establish the fit correlation database between main shaft dynamic stiffness and bearing pre-fastening and revolving speed, finally, front-end of spindle dynamic stiffness is measured by the experiment of main shaft dynamic stiffness measurement, obtained main shaft dynamic stiffness is inquired in the fit correlation database between above-mentioned main shaft dynamic stiffness and bearing pre-fastening and revolving speed and obtains the dynamic pretightning force of machine tool mainshaft bearing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to bearing processing technical field, in particular to a kind of evaluation method of main shaft pretightning force.
Background technique
Machine tool chief axis rolling bearing is pre-tightened, rolling bearing main shaft in manufacture assembling process on the one hand can be eliminated
The clearance of the evaluation method of pretightning force increases the rigidity of bearing, improves the running accuracy of main shaft, simultaneously as the work of pretightning force
With the evaluation method of main shaft pretightning force can reduce the slipping phenomenon of bearing ball revolution, eliminate gyroscopic effect, and then improve axis
The heat condition held, the evaluation method of main shaft pretightning force extend the service life of bearing.
The common firmly beforehand means of machine tool chief axis are that level pressure pre-tightens, and its feature is that pretightning force is constant, and size is according to main shaft
Requirement of the evaluation method low-speed heavy cut and high speed light cut of pretightning force to pretightning force and integrate determination, but level pressure firmly beforehand means
There are the deficiencies that the evaluation method of bright main shaft pretightning force is shown：Pretightning force is less than normal when low speed, declines bearing rigidity, and main shaft is anti-to be forced to
The evaluation method ability of the main shaft pretightning force of vibration and self-excited vibration is weak, so as to cause machining accuracy decline；Pretightning force when high speed
It is bigger than normal, aggravate bearing temperature rise, restricts the evaluation method of the main shaft pretightning force high speed of main shaft.And it realizes pretightning force and adjusts in real time
Control is to improve the effective measures of main shaft performance, the evaluation method link of crucial main shaft pretightning force be exactly measure main shaft dynamic it is pre-
Clamp force changes bearing pre-fastening size according to not synchronized section, improves the evaluation method axis performance of main shaft pretightning force.
Currently, in addition to having some simple pretightning force evaluation method main shafts pre- some occasions of less demanding in engineering
Outside the evaluation method of clamp force, the method for determining bearing pre-fastening is generally used empirical method (feeless method), and this method low efficiency,
The evaluation method of behaviour's main shaft pretightning force makees link complexity, and is only applicable to static state.During rotation for measurement main shaft
The evaluation method of pretightning force size more main shaft pretightning force is not applicable, it is therefore desirable on the basis of the determination method of conventional pretightning force
The new dynamic of upper research pre-tightens force measuring method.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention aims to solve at least one of the technological deficiency.
For this purpose, an object of the present invention is to provide one kind to be directed to the current more difficult survey of machine tool mainshaft bearing dynamic pretightning force
Amount, and the status of the evaluation method inaccuracy of measurement result main shaft pretightning force, propose a kind of evaluation method of main shaft pretightning force.
To achieve the goals above, the embodiment of one aspect of the present invention provides a kind of evaluation method of main shaft pretightning force, packet
Include following steps：
Step
Step 1) establishes main shaft mechanical model, calculates bearing radial force and axially loaded；Step
Step 2) establishes machine tool mainshaft bearing five degree of freedom nonlinear finite element model, establishes the dynamic stiffness master of main shaft bearing
Fit correlation between the evaluation method and pretightning force and revolving speed of axis pretightning force；Step
Step 3) establishes machine tool chief axis rotor five degree of freedom finite element model, establishes main shaft bearing dynamic stiffness and the dynamic master of main shaft
Fit correlation between the evaluation method rigidity of axis pretightning force, then bastard machine tool main shaft bearing five degree of freedom nonlinear finite element
The evaluation method bed spindle rotor five degree of freedom finite element model of model and owner's axis pretightning force, by main shaft computation model
The bearing dynamic stiffness value that different pretightning forces are arranged and turn under the evaluation method speed of main shaft pretightning force calculates front-end of spindle dynamic stiffness, from
And establish the fit correlation database between main shaft dynamic stiffness and the evaluation method and revolving speed of bearing pre-fastening main shaft pretightning force；
Step 4) measures the dynamic stiffness of main shaft by the experiment of main shaft dynamic stiffness measurement, the dynamic master of the main shaft that experiment test is obtained
The evaluation method rigidity value of axis pretightning force is input to the fit correlation data of above-mentioned main shaft dynamic stiffness Yu bearing pre-fastening and revolving speed
In library, inquire to obtain the dynamic pretightning force of main shaft bearing by the evaluation method of main shaft pretightning force.
Preferably, the differential equation of motion of the main shaft-bearing rotor system is：
[M] { x.. }+[C] { x. }+[K] { x }={ F (t) },
Wherein, [M]=[Mb]+[Md], [C]=- Ω ([Gb]+[Gd])+[Cs], [K]=[Kb]+[KB]-Ω 2 [Mb] C,
{ F (t) }={ Fb }+{ Fd }；[Mb] --- elastic shaft mass matrix；[Md] --- disk mass matrix；[Gb] --- elastic shaft
Turn round matrix；[Gd] --- disk turns round matrix；[Cs] --- structural damping matrix；[Mb] C --- calculate elastic shaft centrifugal force
Mass matrix；[Kb] --- elastic shaft stiffness matrix；[KB] --- bearing support Dynamic Stiffness Matrix；
{ Fb } --- elastic shaft load vectors；{ Fd } --- disk Unbalanced force vector；
Preferably, in the step 4) when measurement main shaft dynamic stiffness, using the plane of front-end of spindle installation counterweight screws as
Plane is measured, and counterweight screws are installed.
The evaluation method of step method main shaft pretightning force is preferred, in the step 4) when measurement main shaft dynamic stiffness, uses
Dynamic balance instrument measures centroid offset to having selected measurement plane to carry out spot dynamic balance test.
Compared with prior art, the present invention pre-tightens force measuring method extremely to the evaluation method of offer according to an embodiment of the present invention
It has the following advantages that less：The present invention applies unused pretightning force to the evaluation method main shaft bearing of main shaft pretightning force first, obtains
The relationship of bearing dynamic stiffness and bearing pre-fastening and revolving speed inputs the bearing dynamic stiffness after the evaluation method of right main shaft pretightning force
Into main shaft model, the relationship of bearing dynamic stiffness Yu main shaft dynamic stiffness is obtained, the evaluation method of main shaft pretightning force is in this way, bearing is pre-
Relationship between clamp force and revolving speed and main shaft dynamic stiffness can be obtained by, finally, most real by the evaluation method of main shaft pretightning force
It tests to obtain the dynamic stiffness of main shaft, according to the pass main shaft pretightning force between above-mentioned main shaft dynamic stiffness and bearing pre-fastening and revolving speed
Evaluation method system inquires the dynamic pretightning force of bearing.The bearing master that measurement method of the present invention is obtained by main shaft dynamic stiffness
The evaluation method dynamic pretightning force of axis pretightning force, measurement result are accurate.
The additional aspect of the present invention and advantage will be set forth in part in the description, and will partially become from the following description
Obviously, or practice through the invention is recognized.
Detailed description of the invention
Above-mentioned and/or additional aspect of the invention and advantage will become from the description of the embodiment in conjunction with the following figures
Obviously and it is readily appreciated that, wherein：
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the evaluation method of main shaft pretightning force of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is main shaft supporting bearing radial force mechanical model figure of the present invention, and wherein Fig. 2 (a) is that two bearings branch main shaft is pre-
Evaluation method support-rotor-support-foundation system of clamp force, Fig. 2 (b) are three bearing supports-rotor-support-foundation system；
Fig. 3 is certain model machine tool chief axis bearing support axially loaded schematic diagram of the invention；
Fig. 4 is machine tool chief axis dynamic stiffness measurement experimental configuration schematic diagram of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention is described below in detail, examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein from beginning to end
Same or similar label indicates same or similar element or element with the same or similar functions.Below with reference to attached
The embodiment of figure description is exemplary, it is intended to is used to explain the present invention, and is not considered as limiting the invention.
As shown in Figure 1, the embodiment of the present invention establishes main shaft mechanical model, according to main shaft practical structures, two axis can be divided into
Three bearing bearing of the evaluation method-rotor-support-foundation system for holding bearing-rotor-support-foundation system and main shaft pretightning force, as shown in Fig. 2, according to power and power
Square equilibrium equation calculates the stress of each bearing using the evaluation method method of numerical value calculating side main shaft pretightning force.For Fig. 2 (a)
Shown in two bearings bearing-rotor-support-foundation system, bearing can be found out according to the evaluation method torque equilibrium equation of power and main shaft pretightning force
Bearing reaction：
F：External load size, unit：Ox (N)；
Fy1：Radial support reaction of the front support bearing to main shaft, unit：Ox (N)；
Fy2：Radial support reaction of the rear support bearing to main shaft, unit：Ox (N)；
a：Span between external load and rear support bearing；
b：Span between front support bearing and rear support bearing.
a′：Span between external load and rear support bearing；
b′：Span between middle spring bearing and rear support bearing；
c：Span between front support bearing and rear support bearing；
E：The elasticity modulus of spindle material；
Ic：The evaluation method of the moment of inertia main shaft pretightning force of shaft part is in conjunction with power between front support bearing and rear support bearing
And torque equilibrium equation
Fy1′：Radial support reaction of the front support bearing to main shaft；
Fy2′：Radial support reaction of the middle spring bearing to main shaft；
Fy3′：Rear support bearing can find out each bearing to the evaluation method of the radial support reaction main shaft pretightning force of main shaft
Bearing reaction.
It is different according to main shaft practical structures and Bearing configuration scheme for bearing axial load, calculation method also not main shaft
The evaluation method of pretightning force is identical, now illustrates axial load calculation method by taking certain model machine tool chief axis as an example.
In the shafting, three bearings (A, B, C) of front end are positioned with outer sleeve shoulder；The axis main shaft pretightning force of rear end two
Evaluation method hold, do not position to compensate the thermal stretching of axis, therefore the axial load of main shaft is mainly born by preceding end bearing.It is main
The force analysis of the main shaft-bearing system rotating part of the evaluation method of axis pretightning force (i.e. main shaft and bearing inner race) is as shown in Figure 3.
According to Hertz theory, the relational expression of bearing pre-fastening Fp and deformation is
δpA,δpB,δpC：Be subjected only to pretightning force effect under, before, during and after three spring bearings deflection；
c：Deformation under load coefficient.
In the case where bearing pretightning force effect, then after applying axial load Fa, A bearing, B axle held, the main shaft pretightning force on C bearing
Evaluation method load QA, QB, QC and deformation δ A, δ B, δ C be respectively：
In formula：
δ ' p --- under Fa effect, relative displacement/mm of bearing C Internal and external cycle；
F ' --- due to the relative movement of the Internal and external cycle of C bearing, deflection reduces and load/N of loss.
If main shaft axial load is Fa/N, each bearing ball is to the directed force F j/N of its inner ring, if the main shaft that Fxj is Fj is pre-
The evaluation method axial component of clamp force, j=A, B, C, then axis system rotating part should meet following dynamic balance side in the axial direction
Journey：
If direction to the right is positive, axially loaded situation (the i.e. main shaft of rolling element and inner ring of available each bearing
The evaluation method interaction force of pretightning force) it is expressed as follows：
Bearing A：Bearing B：Bearing C：FxC=- (Fp-Fp ') (4)
In formula：
Fp ' --- the pretightning force variable quantity/N generated when bearing deformation amount changes.
Here we assume that contact angle does not change, load-change main shaft of each bearing can be obtained according to Hertz theory
The evaluation method form of pretightning force：
Bearing A：
Bearing B：
Bearing C：δ C=cFxC2/3=c (Fp-Fp ') 2/3 (5)
By (2) formula, it is in the relative displacement δ ' p of Fa effect lower bearing C Internal and external cycle：
δ ' p=δ A- δ pA=δ B- δ pB=δ pC- δ C (6)
Simultaneous (1), (5), (6) can solve the axially loaded of Fp ' He each bearing.
2. establishing machine tool mainshaft bearing five degree of freedom nonlinear finite element model, which considers the pre- from main shaft of steel ball
The variation at Internal and external cycle raceway contact angle and steel ball under the effects of evaluation method mental and physical efforts and gyroscopic couple effect of clamp force, outer load
Load, the distribution of the evaluation method load of main shaft pretightning force with contact angle variation, establish on this basis the dynamic stiffness of bearing with
The fit correlation of the pretightning force of bearing and the evaluation method speed for turning main shaft pretightning force.
3. establishing machine tool chief axis five degree of freedom finite element model, and entire main shaft-axis main shaft is integrated with bearing model
The finite element mathematical model of the evaluation method bearing rotor system of pretightning force adds eccentric mass in main shaft model front end, according to dynamic
The evaluation method definition of the main shaft pretightning force of rigidity calculates front-end of spindle dynamic stiffness.
Theoretical according to Timoshenko beam element, usual bearing rotor system can be divided into pre- in node main shaft along axis
The units such as the elastic shaft part and bearing block of the discrete disk, distributed mass that are coupled at the evaluation method of clamp force, spindle rotor system
Fortune main shaft pretightning force evaluation method move the differential equation be：
Wherein：[M]=[Mb]+[Md],
[C]=- Ω ([Gb]+[Gd])+[Cs]
{ F (t) }={ Fb }+{ Fd }
[Mb] --- elastic shaft mass matrix [Md] --- disk mass matrix
[Gb] --- elastic shaft turns round matrix [Gd] --- disk turns round matrix
The mass matrix of [Cs] --- structural damping matrix [Mb] C --- calculating elastic shaft centrifugal force
{ Fb } --- elastic shaft load vectors { Fd } --- disk Unbalanced force vector
4. calculating main shaft by the bearing dynamic stiffness value being arranged under different pretightning forces and revolving speed in main shaft computation model
The evaluation method front-end of spindle dynamic stiffness value of pretightning force, to establish quasi- between main shaft dynamic stiffness and bearing pre-fastening and revolving speed
The evaluation method database of conjunction relationship main shaft pretightning force.
5. carrying out the measurement experiment of main shaft spot dynamic balance to main shaft using dynamic balance instrument, the inclined main shaft of mass center for obtaining main shaft is pre-
The evaluation method shifting amount of clamp force calculates front-end of spindle dynamic stiffness according to the definition of dynamic stiffness, obtained dynamic stiffness is input to step
In fit correlation database between the main shaft dynamic stiffness and bearing pre-fastening and revolving speed of the evaluation method of rapid 4 main shaft pretightning force,
The dynamic pretightning force of the evaluation method axle bearing of main shaft pretightning force is obtained by inquiring.
It please refers to shown in attached drawing 4：The plane for allowing to install counterweight screws is chosen in 1 front end of main shaft to pre-tighten as measurement main shaft
The evaluation method plane of power, and counterweight screws 2 are installed, the quality for measuring counterweight screws is m, installs acceleration transducer 3 in biography
With for measuring spindle vibration signal, installation speed sensor 4 is in sensor on the evaluation method sensor bracket of main shaft pretightning force
On bracket.The evaluation method for opening main shaft pretightning force moves main shaft 1, and it is ω, acceleration transducer that velocity sensor 4, which measures the speed of mainshaft,
3 evaluation methods for measuring 1 front end of main shaft vibration main shaft pretightning force move signal, after stable reading, are acquired by signal acquisition instrument 5
Vibration signal data, is input to balance and divides in the evaluation method analyzer of main shaft pretightning force and handled, and falls into a trap in computer software
Calculation obtains centroid offset δ, finds out dynamic stiffness according to the evaluation method that main shaft dynamic stiffness defines main shaft pretightning force, front-end of spindle is dynamic
Rigidity formula is：
Machine tool mainshaft bearing based on dynamic stiffness of the invention pre-tightens force measuring method, using following main component：
1) acceleration transducer：KMPDM company of the U.S. KMbalancer
2) data collecting instrument：KMPDM company of the U.S. KMbalancer
3) dynamic balance instrument：KMPDM company of the U.S. KMbalancer
It the foregoing is merely one embodiment of the present invention, is not all of or unique embodiment, this field main shaft
The evaluation method those of ordinary skill of pretightning force takes technical solution of the present invention by reading description of the invention any
The evaluation method of equivalent change main shaft pretightning force is changed, and all are covered by the claims of the invention.
In the description of this specification, the evaluation of reference term " one embodiment ", " some embodiments ", main shaft pretightning force
The description of method " example ", " specific example " or " some examples " etc. means specific spy described in conjunction with this embodiment or example
Sign, structure, material or feature are included at least one embodiment or example of the invention.In the present specification, to above-mentioned
The schematic representation of term may not refer to the same embodiment or example.Moreover, the specific features of description, structure, material
Or feature can be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more of the embodiments or examples.
Although the embodiments of the present invention has been shown and described above, it is to be understood that above-described embodiment is example
Property, it is not considered as limiting the invention, those skilled in the art are not departing from the principle of the present invention and objective
In the case where can make changes, modifications, alterations, and variations to the above described embodiments within the scope of the invention.The scope of the present invention
By appended claims and its equivalent limit.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of evaluation method of main shaft pretightning force, includes the following steps：
Step 1) establishes main shaft mechanical model, calculates bearing radial force and axially loaded；
Step 2) establishes machine tool mainshaft bearing five degree of freedom nonlinear finite element model, and the dynamic stiffness main shaft for establishing main shaft bearing is pre-
Fit correlation between the evaluation method and pretightning force and revolving speed of clamp force；
Step 3) establishes machine tool chief axis rotor five degree of freedom finite element model, establishes main shaft bearing dynamic stiffness and the dynamic main shaft of main shaft is pre-
Fit correlation between the evaluation method rigidity of clamp force, then bastard machine tool main shaft bearing five degree of freedom nonlinear finite element model
With the evaluation method bed spindle rotor five degree of freedom finite element model of owner's axis pretightning force, by being arranged in main shaft computation model
Bearing dynamic stiffness value under different pretightning forces and the evaluation method speed for turning main shaft pretightning force calculates front-end of spindle dynamic stiffness, to build
Fit correlation database between vertical main shaft dynamic stiffness and the evaluation method and revolving speed of bearing pre-fastening main shaft pretightning force；
Step 4) measures the dynamic stiffness of main shaft by the experiment of main shaft dynamic stiffness measurement, and it is pre- that the main shaft that experiment test obtains is moved main shaft
The evaluation method rigidity value of clamp force is input in the fit correlation database of above-mentioned main shaft dynamic stiffness and bearing pre-fastening and revolving speed,
It inquires to obtain the dynamic pretightning force of main shaft bearing by the evaluation method of main shaft pretightning force.
2. the evaluation method of main shaft pretightning force according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The main shaft-bearing rotor system
The differential equation of motion of system is：
Step [M] { x.. }+[C] { x. }+[K] { x }={ F (t) },
Wherein, [M]=[Mb]+[Md], [C]=- Ω ([Gb]+[Gd])+[Cs], [K]=[Kb]+[KB]-Ω 2 [Mb] C, { F
(t) }={ Fb }+{ Fd }；[Mb] --- elastic shaft mass matrix；[Md] --- disk mass matrix；[Gb] --- elastic shaft returns
Torque battle array；[Gd] --- disk turns round matrix；[Cs] --- structural damping matrix；[Mb] C --- calculate elastic shaft centrifugal force
Mass matrix；[Kb] --- elastic shaft stiffness matrix；[KB] --- bearing support Dynamic Stiffness Matrix；{ Fb } --- elastic axle load
Vector；{ Fd } --- disk Unbalanced force vector.
3. the evaluation method of main shaft pretightning force according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Main shaft is measured in the step 4)
When dynamic stiffness, using the plane of front-end of spindle installation counterweight screws as measurement plane, and counterweight screws are installed；In the step 4)
When measuring main shaft dynamic stiffness, using dynamic balance instrument to having selected measurement plane to carry out spot dynamic balance test, centroid offset is measured.
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Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102564763A (en) * | 2011-12-22 | 2012-07-11 | 西安交通大学 | Dynamic pre-tightening force measurement method of main shaft bearing of machine tool |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102564763A (en) * | 2011-12-22 | 2012-07-11 | 西安交通大学 | Dynamic pre-tightening force measurement method of main shaft bearing of machine tool |
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Application publication date: 20181204 |