CN108931268B - Method for testing humidification effect of humidification tank of fuel cell - Google Patents

Method for testing humidification effect of humidification tank of fuel cell Download PDF

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CN108931268B
CN108931268B CN201810663491.6A CN201810663491A CN108931268B CN 108931268 B CN108931268 B CN 108931268B CN 201810663491 A CN201810663491 A CN 201810663491A CN 108931268 B CN108931268 B CN 108931268B
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humidification
tank
pressure
data
gas
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CN108931268A (en
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张海波
张樱
徐增师
潘建欣
孙佳
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Wuhan Hydrogen Energy and Fuel Cell Industry Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
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Wuhan Institute of Marine Electric Propulsion China Shipbuilding Industry Corp No 712 Institute CSIC
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
    • G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04492—Humidity; Ambient humidity; Water content
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04828—Humidity; Water content
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for testing the humidification effect of a humidification tank of a fuel cell, which comprises two parts of flow analysis and humidification effect calculation, wherein the flow analysis uses a plurality of data processing and numerical methods of 3 sigma data processing, Newton/Lagrange interpolation and 4-order Runge-Kutta, and the humidification effect calculation part obtains a final result according to specific experimental data and a humidity calculation formula; the invention can simply and accurately predict the humidification effect of the humidification tank, the humidification water supplement time and other technical parameters through numerical operation, and can realize the rapid prediction and calculation of the humidification effect of the fuel cell stack under various working conditions.

Description

Method for testing humidification effect of humidification tank of fuel cell
The invention relates to a fuel cell testing device, in particular to a method for testing the humidifying effect of a humidifying tank of a fuel cell.
Background
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells have become the most potential hydrogen energy utilization mode at present due to their characteristics of high energy utilization rate, low vibration and noise, environmental friendliness, flexible power combination, and the like. The humidifier is used as an important auxiliary machine of the fuel cell, and the humidifying effect of the humidifier is one of important factors influencing the performance of the electric pile.
Due to the characteristic of flexible power combination of the fuel cell, the power of the pile modules assembled in a laboratory is different from 15kW to 240kW, namely, the air input of the hydrogen and oxygen supply end spans dozens to thousands of standard liters per minute, and the mass flow controllers are high in price and high in cost and need to be equipped in a plurality of units; meanwhile, when the existing humidity sensor is used for testing the humidification humidity of the humidification tank, a huge error can be generated due to the condensation of water at the probe.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a humidity testing method without a mass flow controller and a high-precision humidity sensor according to the defects of the prior art, and the method can be used for rapidly and accurately detecting the humidifying effect of a fuel cell humidifying tank.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a method for testing the humidifying effect of a humidifying tank of a fuel cell comprises the following steps
S0, a gas-liquid separator and a ball valve I are sequentially connected to the upper end of a tested humidifying tank, a check valve, a ball valve II, an air compressor and a dryer are sequentially connected to the lower end of the humidifying tank, a pressure gauge sensor, a temperature sensor, a liquid level sensor and a heater are arranged on the humidifying tank, and the humidifying tank is connected with a water pump;
s1, humidification tank flow analysis:
s11, measuring the pressure in the humidifying tank under the stable state by a pressure gauge sensor, and recording the pressure increase delta piTime Δ t ofi；
S12, processing data by using a 3 sigma criterion, and eliminating abnormal data;
s13, calculating time under unit pressure change by using Lagrange or Newton interpolation method, and calculating mass by pressure through an ideal gas state equation;
s14, calculating the slope of the quality of the humidifying tank under the stable working pressure along with the time change, namely the flow under the stable working state, by using a 4-order Runge-Kutta method, and converting the mass flow into the standard volume flow;
s2, analyzing the humidification effect of the humidification tank, and obtaining the final result according to specific experimental data and a humidity calculation formula:
s21, averaging or median of the flow obtained in the step S1 to obtain a final flow; s22, recording the level change of the humidification water in unit time when the humidification tank works stably through a level sensor, and processing data through a 3 sigma criterion;
and S23, calculating the humidity of the humidified gas by the definition of the relative humidity and the absolute humidity of the gas.
The humidification effect test method of the fuel cell humidification tank comprises the following steps of S11:
injecting humidifying water into the humidifying tank to a specified liquid level L, closing the ball valve II, opening the ball valve I and recording the pressure value P when the tank is stableiI.e. the pressure provided for the air pressure;
opening a second ball valve, if no obvious liquid water is discharged along with the gas at the gas outlet, determining that the liquid level L is a testable liquid level, and recording the numerical value P of a pressure gauge sensor at the moment, namely the pressure in the humidifying tank during the operation;
closing the first ball valve, opening the second ball valve to reduce the pressure P in the humidifying tank to 0, closing the second ball valve, opening the first ball valve, and recording n groups of data by testers, wherein each group of data respectively increases the gauge pressure in the tank from 0 to PiWhile increasing Δ piTime at, m times of data were recorded for each set of experiments.
In the method for testing the humidification effect of the humidification tank of the fuel cell, step S12 is to analyze the measured data at the upper and lower control limits of the 3 sigma rule and reject unreasonable data according to the following method:
a, obtaining n groups of data to reach specific pressure (p)1、p2、…、pm) Time corresponding to time (t)1、t2、…、tm) The average value of the i-th group time in the m groups of data is
Figure GDA0002621859160000031
b, n groups of isobaric data correspond to time tiHas a sample variance of
Figure GDA0002621859160000032
The standard deviation is sigmai；
c, comparing the data of each groupiMultiplying by 3, defaulting the data with deviation beyond the range as deviation value and eliminating.
In the method for testing the humidification effect of the humidification tank of the fuel cell, after the abnormal n groups of data values are removed in the step S12,each group has MiValue (M)iM) or less, selecting proper delta p as M by Lagrange method or Newton method for the n groups of dataiInterpolation of order, where MiThe number of valid data for each group, i is 1,2, …, n.
The method for testing the humidification effect of the humidification tank of the fuel cell uses the following formula:
Figure GDA0002621859160000033
Figure GDA0002621859160000041
the method for testing the humidification effect of the humidification tank of the fuel cell uses the following formula by the Newton method:
Figure GDA0002621859160000042
Figure GDA0002621859160000043
Figure GDA0002621859160000046
Figure GDA0002621859160000044
so equations (1) to (M)i+1) can be obtained:
Figure GDA0002621859160000047
because the algebraic interpolation has a uniqueness theorem, the nth-order Newton interpolation formula is constantly equal to the nth-order Lagrange interpolation formula, and the error remainder is equal, namely:
Figure GDA0002621859160000045
where xi is equal to pM。
The humidification effect test method of the fuel cell humidification tank comprises the step S14 of obtaining a humidification effect test result by a formula of delta mgas＝MgasRT/(Δ pV), using the 4-step Runge-Kutta method to obtain the slope Δ m of pressure change with time when the pressure is Pgas,/Δ t, i.e. the gas flow rate g/s, where MgasR is the ideal gas constant taken as 8.314 for the quantity of material in the gas, T is the humidification tank kelvin temperature, and V is the volume in the tank excluding water.
In the method for testing the humidification effect of the humidification tank of the fuel cell, when the pressure in the humidification tank reaches P in the step S23, k groups of tests are carried out to test the liquid level change of the humidification tank every L minutes to obtain the average value of the liquid level change in unit L time, and the mass m of humidification water consumption can be obtainedwaterThe absolute humidity of the humidified gas at that time can be obtained
Figure GDA0002621859160000051
V is the volume of gas passing per unit time, the relative humidity is:
Figure GDA0002621859160000052
the invention has the beneficial effects that: the method can simply and accurately predict the humidification effect of the humidification tank, the humidification water supplement time and other technical parameters through numerical operation, can realize the rapid prediction and calculation of the humidification effect of the fuel cell stack under various working conditions, has the advantages of simple steps, easy code compiling, less required tools, low cost and the like, and meets the requirements of rapid and high-precision detection of the humidification effect of the humidification tank of the fuel cell.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a testing apparatus according to the present invention.
The figures are numbered: 1-a humidifying tank, 2-an air compressor, 3-a water pump, 4-a dryer, 5-a pressure gauge sensor, 6-a temperature sensor, 7-a liquid level sensor, 8-a heater, 9-a gas-liquid separator, 10-a one-way valve, 11-a ball valve I, 12-a ball valve II.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for rapidly testing the humidification effect by numerical operation only by conventional detection instruments such as an air compressor 2, a temperature sensor 6 (thermometer), a liquid level sensor 7 (liquidometer), a heater 8, a pressure gauge sensor 5 (pressure gauge) and the like.
The upper end of a tested humidifying tank 1 is sequentially connected with a gas-liquid separator 9 and a ball valve I11, the lower end of the humidifying tank 1 is sequentially connected with a one-way valve 10 (a check valve), a ball valve II 12, an air compressor 2 and a dryer 4, meanwhile, a pressure gauge sensor 5, a temperature sensor 6, a liquid level sensor 7 and a heater 8 are arranged on the humidifying tank 1, and the humidifying tank 1 is connected with a water pump 3.
The technical parameters such as the humidifying effect of the humidifying tank, the humidifying water replenishing time and the like can be simply and accurately predicted only by the material device.
The testing steps of the invention are as follows:
1) and (5) analyzing the flow of the humidification tank. The flow analysis uses several data processing and numerical methods of 3 sigma data processing, Newton/Lagrange interpolation and 4-order Runge-Kutta.
The humidifying water is injected into the humidifying tank 1 through the water pump 3 to reach the designated liquid level L, the ball valve II 12 is closed, the ball valve I11 is opened, and the pressure value P when the tank is stable is recordediI.e. the pressure provided by the air pressure.
And (3) opening the second ball valve 12, if no obvious liquid water is discharged along with the gas at the gas outlet, determining that the liquid level L is a testable liquid level, and recording the numerical value P of the pressure gauge sensor 5 at the moment, namely the pressure in the humidification tank during the operation.
2) Closing the first ball valve 11, opening the second ball valve 12 to reduce the pressure P in the humidifying tank 1 to 0, closing the second ball valve 12, opening the first ball valve 11, and recording n groups of data by testers, wherein each group of data respectively increases the gauge pressure in the tank from 0 to PiWhile increasing Δ piTime at, m times of data were recorded for each set of experiments.
3) Analyzing the upper and lower control limits of the measured 3 sigma rule and rejecting unreasonable data, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
a, obtaining n groups of data to reach specific pressure (p)1、p2、…、pm) Time corresponding to time (t)1、t2、…、tm) The average value of the i-th group of time in the data is
Figure GDA0002621859160000071
b, n groups of isobaric data correspond to time tiHas a sample variance of
Figure GDA0002621859160000072
The standard deviation is sigmai；
c, comparing the data of each groupiMultiplying by 3, defaulting the data with deviation beyond the range as deviation value and eliminating.
4) Removing n groups of data after abnormal values, leaving M in each groupiValue (M)iM) or less, selecting proper delta p as M by Lagrange method or Newton method for the n groups of dataiInterpolation of order, where MiThe number of valid data for each group, i is 1,2, …, n.
Lagrange method:
a Lagrange's basic polynomial of
Figure GDA0002621859160000073
The resulting Lagrangian interpolation polynomial is
Figure GDA0002621859160000074
Newton method:
Figure GDA0002621859160000075
t in formula (1) is an interpolation functionP is the given pressure value to be solved, Tp, p0]For the interpolation function T at p and p0First order difference quotient of points, formula (2) to formula (M)iThe analogy in +1) can be repeated to obtain the formula (M)i+1) in
Figure GDA0002621859160000076
As an interpolation function T
Figure GDA0002621859160000077
M of (A)i+1 order difference quotient;
Figure GDA0002621859160000081
Figure GDA0002621859160000084
Figure GDA0002621859160000082
so equations (1) to (M)i+1) can be obtained:
Figure GDA0002621859160000085
because the algebraic interpolation has a uniqueness theorem, the nth-order Newton interpolation formula is constantly equal to the nth-order Lagrange interpolation formula, and the error remainder is equal, namely:
Figure GDA0002621859160000083
where xi is equal to pM。
5) Δ n ═ Δ pV/(RT) is available from pV ═ nRT, and n ═ mgas/MgasSo Δ mgas＝MgasΔpV/(RT)，MgasThe amount of the substance is gas, R is an ideal gas constant 8.314, T is the Kelvin temperature of the humidification tank, and V isThe volume in the tank excluding water.
The slope Δ m of the pressure change with time at the pressure P can be obtained by using n sets of data obtained by interpolation in a 4-step Runge-Kutta methodgasThe/delta t is the gas flow g/s, and can also be converted into the volume flow sL/min through the density or the outlet flow velocity m/s can be calculated according to the outlet pipe diameter.
6) Since there are n flow rates at the time of pressure P obtained from the n sets of data, the final flow rate or flow rate can be obtained by taking the average or median.
7) When the pressure in the humidifying tank reaches P, the liquid level change of the humidifying tank is tested in k groups every L minutes, the average value of the time per unit L and the liquid level change can be obtained, and the mass m of the humidifying water consumption can be obtainedwaterThe absolute humidity of the humidified gas at that time can be obtained
Figure GDA0002621859160000091
V is the volume of gas passing per unit time, the relative humidity is:
Figure GDA0002621859160000092
the above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention, and some embodiments may be applied, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention, and these embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A method for testing the humidification effect of a humidification tank of a fuel cell is characterized by comprising the following steps: the steps are as follows
S0, a gas-liquid separator (9) and a ball valve I (11) are sequentially connected to the upper end of a tested humidification tank (1), a one-way valve (10), a ball valve II (12), an air compressor (2) and a dryer (4) are sequentially connected to the lower end of the humidification tank (1), a pressure gauge sensor (5), a temperature sensor (6), a liquid level sensor (7) and a heater (8) are arranged on the humidification tank (1), and the humidification tank (1) is connected with a water pump (3);
s1, humidification tank flow analysis:
s11, measuring the pressure in the humidifying tank (1) under the stable state through the pressure gauge sensor (5), and recording the pressure increase delta piTime Δ t ofi：
Injecting humidifying water into the humidifying tank (1) to a specified liquid level L, closing the ball valve II (12), opening the ball valve I (11), and recording the pressure value P when the tank is stableiI.e. the pressure provided for the air pressure;
opening a second ball valve (12), if no obvious liquid water is discharged along with the gas at the gas outlet, determining that the liquid level L is a testable liquid level, and recording the numerical value P of the pressure gauge sensor (5) at the moment, namely the pressure in the humidifying tank when the humidifying tank works;
closing the first ball valve (11), opening the second ball valve (12) to reduce the pressure P in the humidifying tank (1) to 0, closing the second ball valve (12), opening the first ball valve (11), and repeatedly recording n groups of data, wherein each group of data respectively increases the pressure P in the tank from 0 to PiAt each increase of Δ piTime delta t, recording m times of data of each group of tests;
s12, processing data by using a 3 sigma criterion, and eliminating abnormal data;
s13, calculating time under unit pressure change by using Lagrange or Newton interpolation method, and calculating mass by pressure through an ideal gas state equation;
s14, calculating the slope of the quality of the humidifying tank (1) along with the change of time under the stable working pressure by using a 4-order Runge-Kutta method;
s2, humidification effect analysis of a humidification tank:
s21, averaging or median of the flow obtained in the step S1 to obtain a final flow;
s22, recording the level change of the humidification water in unit time when the humidification tank (1) works stably through a liquid level sensor (7), and carrying out data processing through a 3 sigma criterion;
and S23, calculating the humidity of the humidified gas by the definition of the relative humidity and the absolute humidity of the gas.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step S12 is to analyze the measured data at the upper and lower control limits of the 3 σ rule and reject the unreasonable data according to the following method:
a, obtaining n groups of data to reach specific pressure p1、p2、…、pmTime t corresponding to1、t2、…、tmThe average value of the i-th group of time in the data is
Figure FDA0002756973170000021
b, n groups of isobaric data correspond to time tiHas a sample variance of
Figure FDA0002756973170000022
The standard deviation is sigmai；
c, comparing the data of each groupiMultiplying by 3, defaulting the data with deviation beyond the range as deviation value and eliminating.
3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein M is remained in each group after the abnormal data is removed from the n groups of data in step S12iValue, MiM is less than or equal to M, the n groups of data are processed by Lagrange method or Newton method, and proper delta p is selected as MiInterpolation of order, where MiThe number of valid data for each group, i is 1,2, …, n.
4. The humidification effectiveness test method for a humidification tank of a fuel cell as set forth in claim 3, wherein the Lagrangian method uses the following formula:
a Lagrange's basic polynomial of
Figure FDA0002756973170000023
The resulting Lagrangian interpolation polynomial is
Figure FDA0002756973170000024
5. The method of claim 3, wherein the Newton method uses the following equation:
Figure FDA0002756973170000031
in the formula (1), T is an interpolation function, p is a given pressure value to be solved, and T [ p, p ] is0]For the interpolation function T at p and p0First order difference quotient of points, formula (2) to formula (M)i+1) and so on, the formula (M) can be obtainedi+1) in
Figure FDA0002756973170000032
As an interpolation function T
Figure FDA0002756973170000033
M of dotsi+1 order difference quotient;
Figure FDA0002756973170000034
so equations (1) to (M)i+1) can be obtained:
Figure FDA0002756973170000035
because the algebraic interpolation has a uniqueness theorem, the nth-order Newton interpolation formula is constantly equal to the nth-order Lagrange interpolation formula, and the error remainder is equal, namely:
Figure FDA0002756973170000036
where xi is equal to pM。
6. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the step S14 is performed by using the formula Δ mgas＝MgasRT/(Δ pV), using the 4-step Runge-Kutta method to obtain the slope Δ m of pressure change with time when the pressure is Pgas,/Δ t, i.e. the gas flow rate g/s, where MgasR is the ideal gas constant taken as 8.314 for the quantity of material in the gas, T is the humidification tank kelvin temperature, and V is the volume in the tank excluding water.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein in step S23, when the pressure in the humidification tank reaches P, the level variation of the humidification tank per L minutes is measured in k groups to obtain the average value of the level variation per L time, so as to obtain the mass m of the consumed humidification waterwaterThe absolute humidity of the humidified gas at that time can be obtained
Figure FDA0002756973170000041
V is the volume of gas passing per unit time, the relative humidity is:
Figure FDA0002756973170000042
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