CN108924808A - Underwater sound wireless sensor network node dynamic positioning method based on RBS synchronization mechanism - Google Patents
Underwater sound wireless sensor network node dynamic positioning method based on RBS synchronization mechanism Download PDFInfo
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- CN108924808A CN108924808A CN201811133593.3A CN201811133593A CN108924808A CN 108924808 A CN108924808 A CN 108924808A CN 201811133593 A CN201811133593 A CN 201811133593A CN 108924808 A CN108924808 A CN 108924808A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/80—Services using short range communication, e.g. near-field communication [NFC], radio-frequency identification [RFID] or low energy communication
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W56/00—Synchronisation arrangements
- H04W56/001—Synchronization between nodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B13/00—Transmission systems characterised by the medium used for transmission, not provided for in groups H04B3/00 - H04B11/00
- H04B13/02—Transmission systems in which the medium consists of the earth or a large mass of water thereon, e.g. earth telegraphy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of underwater sound wireless sensor network node dynamic positioning method based on RBS synchronization mechanism, reduces that underwater environment is synchronous to network node of underwater sensor and position fixing process bring is influenced by effective information processing method.The synchronization mechanism for proposing a kind of low-power consumption for being suitble to implement in acoustic sensor network under water first, by carrying out based on event driven multi-layer multi-domain sub-clustering underwater stereoscopic sensor network to reduce underwater sound signal transmission time to synchronous influence；Then, distributed compression cognition technology and network coding technique are applied to underwater sound sensor network respectively, is handled by the compressed sensing to data and network code transmission technology is realized to the reliable data transmission between the data compression and sensor node of sensor node.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of underwater sound wireless sensor network node based on reference-broadcast synchronization (RBS) mechanism is dynamic
State localization method carries out the method based on event driven multi-layer multi-domain sub-clustering including a kind of pair of underwater stereoscopic sensor network；
And a kind of data based on distributed compression perception and network code for being adapted to acoustic sensor network implementation under water can
By transmission mechanism, belong to wireless sensor network technology field.
Background technique
Wireless sensor network is made of in a manner of self-organizing and multi-hop a large amount of static or mobile sensor
Wireless network.Its networking combine sensor technology, embedding assembly technology, the communication technology, distributed information processing and
Network technology etc. is multi-field, the purpose is to collaboratively perceive, acquire, handle and transmission network covering geographic area in perceptive object
Monitoring information, and report to user.These features of wireless sensor network determine that it will can be surveyed in seabed resources
It surveys, early warning of marine disasters and marine environmental monitoring field play a significant role.And underwater sensor network location technology is underwater
The key that can sensor network more preferably play a role.
But because of natural environment influence, radio wave and laser can only realize short-range high-speed communication under water, and
And laser needs adjusting to a line to transmit, the clarity of water will affect communication quality, so not being able to satisfy remote underwater networking
It is required that.Therefore, underwater sensor network still utilizes sound wave networking mostly at present, but acoustic signals transmission speed is relatively slow, band
Width is small, and underwater particular surroundings makes acoustic signals be easy to be influenced to have by salinity, temperature, pressure in water in communication process
It is greatly uncertain.
On the other hand, the energy of wireless sensor network node, storage capacity and computing capability are all very limited, and water
Lower wireless sensor network also has the characteristics that narrow bandwidth, signal decaying is serious, time delay is big and dynamic change and the bit error rate are high.
In addition, underwater sensor network has layered structure, and node is easy with tide dynamic mobile, these features result under water
The research of wireless sensor network is different from land sensor network, brings for underwater wireless sensor network node Position Research
Great difficulty.
For these reasons, the present invention proposes a kind of underwater sound wireless sensor network section based on RBS synchronization mechanism
Point dynamic positioning method, the synchronous method including being suitble to the low-power consumption implemented in sensor network under water, and it is a kind of effective
Information processing method to reduce, marine environment is synchronous to node and position fixing process bring influences.
Summary of the invention
Firstly, since synchronizing is to realize that precondition is accurately positioned in node, it is difficult for land effective clock synchronizing method
In directly apply to underwater sensor network and underwater sensor network location algorithm there are the problem of, by underwater vertical
Volume grid carries out the method for multi-layer multi-domain sub-clustering for the rear synchronous thought (post-facto based on RBS synchronization mechanism
Synchronization) be introduced into underwater sensor network realize low energy consumption node between relative synchronization, furthermore by cluster with
Relative synchronization between cluster realizes the synchronization of network level.
Secondly, needing mass message exchanging and water between the node within each sub-clustering of RBS synchronizing process initial stage
The relatively narrow problem of lower sensor network bandwidth, by distributed compression perception theory (Distributed Compressed
Sensing, DCS)) it is introduced into underwater sensor network the data for needing to exchange between node is compressed to improve node
Between data exchange efficiency, and then improve node between time synchronization accuracy.
Finally, serious for the decaying of subsurface communication signal, bit error rate height and time delay and delay variation are dynamic in transmission process
The problem of state changes, network coding technique (Network Coding, NC) is introduced into underwater sensor network, net is utilized
The characteristics of network coding techniques itself improve data transfer reliability, and then improve synchronous accuracy between node and reduce survey
Away from the process since information is lost and time delay gives the influence of positional accuracy bring.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is further illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
Fig. 1 is used for the layering wireless sensor network architectural schematic of marine environmental monitoring.
Fig. 2 network cluster dividing synchronizes schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 underwater stereoscopic acoustic sensor network hierarchy divides domain structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 transmits schematic diagram based on the data of network code.
Specific embodiment
（1）The underwater sound sensor network nodes synchronization mechanism of low-power consumption
In general, the synchronization and positioning of land sensor network interior joint are to separate to consider, because as long as after node synchronizes
Information exchange can be carried out with the fixed anchor nodes comprising location information complete node locating.But as shown in Figure 1 underwater
The anchor node usually and not comprising position fixed in the wireless sensor network of stereochemical structure.Because of either underwater sensor
Sensor node is finite energy and dynamic mobile in node or water, if such node is recorded as anchor node
Location information needs timing to update the location information of oneself, will lead to node and fails because energy depletes, so these nodes are simultaneously
Be not suitable for save location information.In addition, the signal of global positioning system (Global Positioning System, GPS) without
Method pass through the water surface reach underwater node directly with these node-node transmission location informations.
The present invention, which is used, realizes that underwater sensor node is synchronous based on thought synchronous after RBS, and core concept is, usually
In the case of node time need not synchronize, only monitor event occur when just enable synchronization.RBS mechanism is special using the broadcast of channel
Property synchronize time of receiving node, eliminate the part that all sending nodes introduce in time synchronization error, it is with higher
Precision.In addition, in order to realize the synchronization based on RBS in sensor network under water and then complete the positioning of node, it is desirable that broadcast
Node is broadcast to the node in region using the location information of oneself as broadcast packe.Here underwater stereoscopic structure sensor is used
The method of network dynamic sub-clustering determines that broadcast node is chosen and location information dynamic acquisition in underwater sensor network.Sub-clustering is synchronous
Thought as shown in Fig. 2, node 4 can receive A grouping synchronous with B's to synchronous two broadcast domains.
Underwater stereoscopic sensor network divide domain structure schematic diagram as shown in figure 3, underwater stereoscopic sensor network according to
Node type is divided into underwater network plane from bottom to top, network plane and three layers of network plane waterborne in water, presses between different layers
The transmission requirement of information reporting divides domain after occurring according to event, and sensor node is made in selected part water in the zone of intersection in layer and domain
For synchronized broadcast node and using the broadcast domain of the node as a sub-clustering of network, to realize the multi-layer multi-domain dynamic of network
The broadcast of location information is synchronous with node in sub-clustering and cluster.
Successively report event occurs and wakes up the corresponding node in upper layer upwards immediately after node monitors that event occurs.
Water surface node is broadcasted outward using the location information of oneself as synchronous broadcast packe, and when broadcast can be according to different location requirements
Patient error range determine the transmission time of broadcast packe, to determine number of nodes and model included in broadcast domain
It encloses.After determining broadcast domain, formed by cluster head of broadcast node with the node of broadcast domain in low layer plane with stereochemical structure
Network cluster dividing completes synchronous and positioning passing through the information exchange between node in cluster.Then by this process to lower layer network
Plane extends, until the plane that event occurs.
（2）Information reliable transport mechanism between underwater sound sensor network nodes
It needs to carry out a large amount of information exchange, the exchange capacity of information between synchronizing process interior joint based on the synchronization mechanism of RBS
It is significantly increased as the node in broadcast domain increases, the increase of information content inevitably results in node energy and rapidly depletes.In addition,
Decaying and information is caused to be lost since underwater sound wave signal available bandwidth is relatively narrow and signal is by seawater influence.Therefore, it is necessary to
The information content exchanged between node is compressed in underwater sensor network synchronizing process to guarantee that synchronizing process can be in water
Under effectively realize in lesser bandwidth range, and reduce the energy consumption of nodal information exchange.
The method data that sensor node is sent of proposed adoption distributed compression perception compressed with reduce node it
Between amount of information exchange and receiving node restore data.Distributed compression perception theory is pointed out if multiple signals are all at some
It is sparse under base, and these signals are relative to each other, then each signal can be by using sparse random throwing using another
Shadow matrix is observed and encodes as observing matrix, obtains the coding far fewer than signal length.It will be a small amount of after each coding
Data are transferred to decoding end, and decoding end can utilize low volume data Exact Reconstruction each signal received.
The baseband signal studied in sensor network is commonly referred to be sparse, this means that the signal can be by one group
Suitable base and a small amount of coefficient linear expression.By on node under water by pseudo-random broadband modulator, low-pass filter and
Sampler, to realize the direct acquisition to analog signal to discrete signal compared with low sampling rate.Distributed compression perception theory will be single
Signal compression samples the compression sampling for extending to ensemble, can largely reduce the volume of transmitted data between node.
Basic skills is briefly described below：It is set asIt, can be by one group of orthogonal basis exhibition for one-dimensional signal
It opens, whereinContravariant is changed to, wherein,,For unit matrix.Work as signalxIn some baseOn only
Havek×NWhen a nonzero coefficient, claimy k For signalxSparse basis, such as formulaIt is shown.
For signalx, can be projected on one group of measurement vector, to obtainx'sMA linear measurement, i.e.,, wherein,Every a line indicate a sensor node, according to thisMIt is a measurement and,
Original signal can be reconstructed.Compressed sensing is by signalxFromNDimension is reduced toMTie up observation signals, but Perfect Reconstruction signal is wanted, it must
It must guarantee that observing matrix will not be different twoKItem sparse signal is mapped in same sampling set, will guarantee to implement
That extracts from observing matrix in journey is everyMThe matrix that a column vector is constituted is nonsingular.
On the other hand, due to the influence of underwater environment, underwater channel has bit error rate height and Delay Variation uncertain
Feature will lead to underwater information and transmit unreliable and influence synchronous and ranging precision.The present invention is mentioned using network coding technique
The reliability of high data transmission.Network code has data fault-tolerant ability, can transmit for data and provide redundancy protecting, can be one
Determine the influence come the problems such as mitigating loss of data and time delay in degree to output transmission.
As shown in figure 4, node S1 and S2 need to send informationaWithbTo node D.Transmission side data based on network code
Formula allows in coding nodes C to two-way informationaWithbNetwork code operation is carried out, coding result is obtaineda+bIt is so forwarded again afterwards
To node D.If S1->D,S2->D or C->Loss of data has occurred in any channel in D, and node D still can be just
Often receive dataaWithb.In addition, if 3 circuit-switched datas can be reached normally, node D can choose the lesser data of two-way time delay with
Time delay is reduced to synchronous and positioning influence.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of underwater sound sensor network nodes synchronization mechanism of low-power consumption, it is characterised in that：The acoustic sensor
The signal that node sends and receives is acoustic signals, and the synchronization mechanism of underwater sound sensor network is sensed dependent on underwater sound
Device network hierarchy divides domain structure and realizes；The layering divides domain structure to refer to that underwater sound sensor network has three-dimensional knot
Structure and the network be divided into network layer waterborne from top to bottom, network layer and water-bed network layer in water, wherein what network layer waterborne referred to
It is that sensor node or corresponding communication equipment are located on the water surface or swim in the water surface, network layer refers to sensor section in water
Point or communication equipment suspend in water, and water-bed network layer refers to sensor node or communication equipment is sunken to the bottom and under water
Face contact；Network in same plane divides domain according to 5 jump range of signal transmission, and same sending node 5 chooses model in same layer network
Node in enclosing belongs to same domain；In underwater sound sensor network stereochemical structure, the selected part in the zone of intersection in layer and domain
The sensor node of network layer is complete as synchronized broadcast node and using the broadcast domain of the node as a sub-clustering of network in water
The broadcast of location information is synchronous with node in cluster.
2. a kind of mechanism for meeting information reliable transmission between underwater sound sensor network nodes, it is characterised in that：It is wanted in right
Under underwater sound sensor network architecture described in asking 1, underwater sound sensor node is with basic compressed sensing and linearly
Network code function, the mechanism of information reliable transmission is realized jointly by compressed sensing technology and network coding technique between node.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110446155A (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2019-11-12 | 南京邮电大学 | A kind of underwater wireless sensor network location algorithm based on mobility prediction |
| CN110764053A (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2020-02-07 | 浙江大学 | Multi-target passive positioning method based on underwater sensor network |
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Application publication date: 20181130 |