CN108923915B - Photon communication method and device - Google Patents

Photon communication method and device Download PDF

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CN108923915B
CN108923915B CN201810646660.5A CN201810646660A CN108923915B CN 108923915 B CN108923915 B CN 108923915B CN 201810646660 A CN201810646660 A CN 201810646660A CN 108923915 B CN108923915 B CN 108923915B
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sending
local area
wave packet
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CN108923915A (en
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龙桂鲁
殷柳国
叶张东
朱坤托
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Tsinghua University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
    • H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
    • H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/70—Photonic quantum communication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/04—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks
    • H04L63/0428—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks wherein the data content is protected, e.g. by encrypting or encapsulating the payload
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/18—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security using different networks or channels, e.g. using out of band channels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
    • H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
    • H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
    • H04L9/0858—Details about key distillation or coding, e.g. reconciliation, error correction, privacy amplification, polarisation coding or phase coding

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Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a photon communication method and a photon communication device. The method is applied to sending end equipment, and the sending end equipment is in communication connection with receiving end equipment through a first channel and a second channel; wherein the method comprises the following steps: coding an information sequence to be transmitted according to a first preset rule to obtain a photon sequence to be transmitted, wherein the photons comprise a first local area wave packet sequence and a second local area wave packet sequence; sequentially sending the first local wave packet sequence to the receiving end equipment through the first channel, and receiving a detection result of first safety detection of the sending operation of the receiving end equipment according to a second preset rule; and when the detection result indicates that the first safety detection is passed, sequentially sending the second local area wave packet sequence to the receiving end equipment through the second channel. The invention realizes the transmission of effective information through the quantum channel and reduces the loss of photon transmission in the quantum channel.

Description

Photon communication method and device
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of mobile communication, in particular to a photon communication method and device.
Background
With the rapid development of communication technology, people's work and life are highly informationized, and especially, the dependence on remote communication is gradually increased, so that higher requirements on communication safety are made.
At present, there are such diverse encryption methods in terms of communication security, however, any encryption method has difficulty in achieving absolute security. For example, a common one-time pad algorithm uses a random key with the same length as the message length in the stream cipher, and the key is used only once; theoretically, the security level of this method is high, however, the precondition is that the key can not fall into the hands of others, therefore, the process of transmitting the key gives the eavesdropper the opportunity to ride.
In order to solve the above problems, an encryption algorithm based on quantum mechanics has been developed. The algorithm transmits classical 'one-time-pad' through quantum state by quantum key distribution. Due to some excellent properties of quantum state code-carrying, the transmission security of the codebook is greatly improved.
However, the quantum key only plays a role of transmitting the codebook, and does not really transmit the valid information through the quantum channel, so how to transmit the valid information through the quantum channel becomes a problem to be solved urgently. In such a context, quantum secure direct communication schemes have emerged.
In the existing quantum secure direct communication technology, in order to enable a communication protocol to serve security detection, the communication protocol is generally designed into a two-step back and forth mode, so that the loss of a carrier is undoubtedly increased during actual communication; in addition, the quantum state of the existing communication carrier is mostly based on the polarization of photons, and the used state is mostly a non-orthogonal state, and moreover, the existing quantum communication security protocol is perfect in theory, but the realization has some obstacles.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a photon communication method and device, which are used for transmitting effective information through a quantum channel.
On one hand, the embodiment of the invention provides a photon communication method, which is applied to sending end equipment, wherein the sending end equipment is in communication connection with receiving end equipment through a first channel and a second channel;
wherein the method comprises the following steps:
coding an information sequence to be transmitted according to a first preset rule to obtain a photon sequence to be transmitted, wherein the photons comprise a first local area wave packet sequence and a second local area wave packet sequence;
sequentially sending the first local wave packet sequence to the receiving end equipment through the first channel, and receiving a detection result of first safety detection of the sending operation of the receiving end equipment according to a second preset rule;
and when the detection result indicates that the first safety detection is passed, sequentially sending the second local area wave packet sequence to the receiving end equipment through the second channel.
On the other hand, the embodiment of the invention provides a photon communication method, which is applied to receiving end equipment, wherein the receiving end equipment is in communication connection with sending end equipment through a first channel and a second channel;
wherein the method comprises the following steps:
receiving a first local area wave packet sequence sent by the sending end equipment through the first channel; the first local area wave packet sequence is obtained by encoding an information sequence to be transmitted by the transmitting terminal equipment according to a first preset rule; the information sequence to be sent also comprises a second local area wave packet sequence after being coded;
according to a second preset rule, carrying out first safety detection on the sending operation of the sending end equipment;
and when the first safety detection is passed, sending a detection result to the sending end equipment, and receiving the second local area wave packet sequence sent by the sending end equipment through the second channel.
On the other hand, the embodiment of the present invention provides a photonic communication apparatus, which is applied to a sending end device, where the sending end device and a receiving end device are in communication connection through a first channel and a second channel;
wherein the apparatus comprises:
the system comprises an encoding module, a receiving module and a sending module, wherein the encoding module is used for encoding an information sequence to be sent according to a first preset rule to obtain a photon sequence to be sent, and the photon comprises a first local area wave packet sequence and a second local area wave packet sequence;
the first sending module is used for sequentially sending the first local area wave packet sequence to the receiving end equipment through the first channel and receiving a detection result of first safety detection of the sending operation of the receiving end equipment according to a second preset rule;
and the second sending module is configured to send the second local area packet sequence to the receiving end device in sequence through the second channel when the detection result indicates that the first security detection passes.
On the other hand, the embodiment of the present invention provides a photonic communication apparatus, which is applied to a receiving end device, where the receiving end device is in communication connection with a sending end device through a first channel and a second channel;
wherein the apparatus comprises:
a first receiving module, configured to receive a first local area packet sequence sent by the sending end device through the first channel; the first local area wave packet sequence is obtained by encoding an information sequence to be transmitted by the transmitting terminal equipment according to a first preset rule; the information sequence to be sent also comprises a second local area wave packet sequence after being coded;
the detection module is used for carrying out first safety detection on the sending operation of the sending end equipment according to a second preset rule;
and the second receiving module is configured to send a detection result to the sending end device when the first security detection passes, and receive the second local area packet sequence sent by the sending end device through the second channel.
In another aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic device, which includes a memory, a processor, a bus, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, where the processor implements the steps in the photonic communication method when executing the computer program.
In still another aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, and the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in the above-mentioned photonic communication method.
In the photon communication method and apparatus provided in the embodiment of the present invention, a sending end device obtains photons including a first local wave packet sequence and a second local wave packet sequence by encoding an information sequence to be sent, and first sequentially sends the first local wave packet sequence in the photons to a receiving end device through a first channel between the sending end device and the receiving end device, and after the receiving end device passes a first security detection on the sending operation, determines that no eavesdropper exists, and then sequentially sends the second local wave packet sequence to the receiving end device through a second channel; by dividing a photon state into two local area wave packet sequences, the two local area wave packet sequences are not exposed in a channel at the same time in the transmission process, so that an eavesdropper cannot detect the two local area wave packet sequences of the photon state at the same time, and if the eavesdropper only detects one local area wave packet sequence, the eavesdropper cannot acquire information transmitted in the photon state. The invention realizes the transmission of effective information through the quantum channel on the premise of ensuring the safe communication, and reduces the transmission loss of photons in the quantum channel.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a photonic communication method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a second schematic flowchart of a photonic communication method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a scenario diagram of a specific example of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is one of the method flow diagrams of a specific example of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a second flowchart of a method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a photonic communication apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a second schematic structural diagram of a photonic communication apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 shows a flow chart of a photonic communication method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a photonic communication method provided in an embodiment of the present invention is applied to a sending end device, where the sending end device and a receiving end device are in communication connection through a first channel and a second channel, and the method specifically includes the following steps:
step 101, according to a first preset rule, coding an information sequence to be transmitted to obtain a photon sequence to be transmitted, wherein the photon comprises a first local area wave packet sequence and a second local area wave packet sequence.
The transmitting terminal device comprises two emitting sources, wherein the two emitting sources are respectively used for emitting photons (namely quanta) in different states; after an information sequence to be sent is coded, a first photon with a positive phase and a second photon with a negative phase of the state of the photon are obtained; each photon comprises a first local wave packet sequence and a second local wave packet sequence; both the first photon and the second photon may be represented by a first local wave packet sequence and a second local wave packet sequence.
The method comprises the steps that a sending end device obtains an information sequence to be sent, the information sequence to be sent selects different states at a sending source to code information, and the coding process is a process that 0 and 1 in a binary sequence are respectively expressed by phase differences of a first local area wave packet sequence and a second local area wave packet sequence.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, the first preset rule is: utilizing | a > | to represent a first local wave packet sequence, and | b > to represent a second local wave packet sequence;
selecting | Ψ 0> and | Ψ 1> of two orthogonal states to represent 0 and 1 in a binary system, respectively, i.e., | Ψ 0> is a first photon with a positive phase, | Ψ 1> is a second photon with a negative phase, and | Ψ 0> and | Ψ 1> are linear combinations of | a > and | b >; it is understood that the symbol "| >" represents a quantum.
The following equations 1 and 2 are satisfied:
equation 1:
Figure BDA0001703678450000051
equation 2:
Figure BDA0001703678450000052
according to the above-mentioned rules, the information sequence to be transmitted is encoded, and the photons emitted from the two emission sources are encoded in the form of formula 1 and formula 2, respectively. By encoding information using orthogonal quantum states, the feasible space in the field of quantum communication is widened to a certain extent.
And step 102, sequentially sending the first local wave packet sequence to the receiving end equipment through the first channel, and receiving a detection result of the receiving end equipment for performing first safety detection on the sending operation according to a second preset rule.
The sending operation here refers to a sending operation in which the sending-end device sends the first local-area wave packet sequences to the receiving-end device in sequence through the first channel.
The first channel is used for transmitting a first local area wave packet sequence, and the second channel is used for transmitting a second local area wave packet sequence;
one photon state is divided into two local area wave packet sequences, and the two local area wave packet sequences are transmitted to receiving end equipment through different channels, so that an eavesdropper cannot simultaneously detect the two local area wave packet sequences of one photon state; an eavesdropper would not be able to obtain the information conveyed in the photon state if it detected only one sequence of local wave packets.
And the first local area wave packet sequence is sequentially sent to the receiving end equipment through the first channel, the receiving end equipment carries out first safety detection on the sending operation according to a second preset rule, and when the first safety detection passes, the second local area wave packet sequence is continuously sent, so that under the condition that the sending operation is intercepted, the sending end equipment is timely notified by the receiving end equipment through the first safety detection, the sending end equipment stops the communication, and the second local area wave packet sequence is not continuously sent.
And 103, when the detection result indicates that the first safety detection is passed, sequentially sending the second local area wave packet sequence to the receiving end equipment through the second channel.
When the receiving end equipment passes the first safety detection of the sending operation, the sending end equipment sends the second local area wave packet sequences to the receiving end equipment in sequence through the second channel, and the receiving end equipment combines the two local area wave packet sequences to restore an information sequence.
Optionally, in this embodiment of the present invention, the sending-end device includes a first storage ring;
before the step of sequentially sending the second local area packet sequence to the receiving end device through the second channel, the method includes:
storing the second sequence of local wave packets in the first storage loop.
After the information sequence to be sent is coded, the sending end device firstly sends the first local area wave packet sequence to the receiving end, stores the second local area wave packet sequence in a first storage ring of the sending end device, and sends the second local area wave packet sequence after the receiving end device feeds back that the first safety detection is passed.
At the beginning of communication, the sending-end device calculates the transmission time n τ of all the first local-area wave packet sequences in the first channel according to the length of the sent data (i.e. the length of the photon sequence), where n is the number of the first local-area wave packet sequences, τ is the channel transmission time of each local-area wave packet sequence, and in addition, considering the detection time δ of the receiving-end device performing the first security detection, the storage time Δ of the selected first storage loop must satisfy the following formula 3:
Δ>nτ+2δ
the method and the device ensure that all first local area wave packet sequences reach receiving end equipment through a first channel, and after detection, a second local area wave packet sequence starts to be sent out from the sending end equipment, so that an eavesdropper is prevented from simultaneously obtaining two wave packets, and information is deduced.
In the above embodiment of the present invention, a sending end device obtains photons including a first local wave packet sequence and a second local wave packet sequence by encoding an information sequence to be sent, and first sequentially sends the first local wave packet sequence in the photons to a receiving end device through a first channel between the sending end device and the receiving end device, and after the receiving end device passes a first security detection on the sending operation, confirms that no eavesdropper exists, and then sequentially sends the second local wave packet sequence to the receiving end device through a second channel; by dividing a photon state into two local area wave packet sequences, the two local area wave packet sequences are transmitted to receiving end equipment through different channels and are not exposed in the channels simultaneously, so that an eavesdropper cannot detect the two local area wave packet sequences of the photon state simultaneously, and the eavesdropper cannot acquire information transmitted in the photon state if only one local area wave packet sequence is detected. The invention realizes the transmission of effective information through the quantum channel on the premise of ensuring the safe communication, and reduces the transmission loss of photons in the quantum channel.
Referring to fig. 2, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a photon communication method, which is applied to a receiving end device, where the receiving end device is in communication connection with a sending end device through a first channel and a second channel;
wherein the method comprises the following steps:
step 201, receiving a first local area wave packet sequence sent by the sending end device through the first channel; the first local area wave packet sequence is obtained by encoding an information sequence to be transmitted by the transmitting terminal equipment according to a first preset rule; and the information sequence to be sent also comprises a second local area wave packet sequence after being coded.
Wherein, the transmitting device comprises two emitting sources, photons emitted by the two emitting sources are evolved into photons (namely quanta) in different states after passing through the beam splitter; after an information sequence to be sent is coded, a first photon with a positive phase and a second photon with a negative phase of the state of the photon are obtained; each photon comprises a first local wave packet sequence and a second local wave packet sequence; both the first photon and the second photon may be represented by a first local wave packet sequence and a second local wave packet sequence.
Correspondingly, the receiving end device comprises two detection sources respectively used for receiving photons emitted by the two emission sources; for example, the two detection sources are a first detection source and a second detection source respectively, and the two emission sources are a first emission source and a second emission source respectively, so that the first detection source is configured to receive photons emitted by the first emission source, and the second detection source is configured to receive photons emitted by the second detection source.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, the first preset rule is: utilizing | a > | to represent a first local wave packet sequence, and | b > to represent a second local wave packet sequence;
two orthogonal states, | Ψ 0> and | Ψ 1> are chosen to represent 0 and 1 in the binary, respectively, i.e., | Ψ 0> is the first photon with positive phase, | Ψ 1> is the second photon with negative phase, and | Ψ 0> and | Ψ 1> are linear combinations of | a > and | b >.
The following equations 4 and 5 are satisfied:
equation 4:
Figure BDA0001703678450000081
equation 5:
Figure BDA0001703678450000082
according to the above-mentioned rules, the information sequence to be transmitted is encoded, and the photons emitted from the two emission sources are encoded in the form of formula 4 and formula 5, respectively. By encoding information using orthogonal quantum states, the feasible space in the field of quantum communication is widened to a certain extent.
A photon state is divided into two local area wave packet sequences, and the two local area wave packet sequences are transmitted to receiving end equipment through different channels, namely a first channel is used for transmitting a first local area wave packet sequence, and a second channel is used for transmitting a second local area wave packet sequence, so that an eavesdropper cannot simultaneously detect the two local area wave packet sequences of the photon state; an eavesdropper would not be able to obtain the information conveyed in the photon state if it detected only one sequence of local wave packets.
Step 202, according to a second preset rule, performing a first security check on the current sending operation of the sending end device.
The sending operation here refers to a sending operation in which the sending-end device sends the first local-area wave packet sequences to the receiving-end device in sequence through the first channel. And the receiving end equipment carries out safety detection on the sending operation according to a second preset rule so as to detect whether photons are intercepted and stolen by an eavesdropper in the sending operation process.
Step 203, when the first security detection passes, sending a detection result to the sending end device, and receiving the second local area packet sequence sent by the sending end device through the second channel.
The first safety detection is passed, the current sending operation is safe, and if no eavesdropper exists, the first safety detection feeds back to the sending end and can continue sending the second local area wave packet sequence; otherwise, the sending end device stops the communication and does not continue to send the second local area wave packet sequence.
In the above embodiment of the present invention, after receiving the first local wave packet sequence sent by the sending end device through the first channel and passing the first security detection of the sending operation, the receiving end device determines that there is no eavesdropper, and then notifies the sending end device to send the second local wave packet sequence through the second channel, so that the eavesdropper cannot simultaneously detect two local wave packet sequences in one photon state, and if the eavesdropper only detects one local wave packet sequence, the eavesdropper cannot acquire the information transmitted in the photon state. The invention realizes the transmission of effective information through the quantum channel on the premise of ensuring the safe communication, and reduces the transmission loss of photons in the quantum channel.
Optionally, in this embodiment of the present invention, the step of performing, according to a second preset rule, a first security detection on the current sending operation of the sending-end device includes:
extracting a preset number of detection groups, wherein each detection group comprises at least three first local wave packet sequences;
for each detection group, acquiring the sending time of a first local area wave packet sequence in the detection group and the arrival time of a detection gate reaching the receiving end equipment; the sending time is the time of the first local area wave packet sequence sent from the sending end equipment;
when the sending time and the arrival time are judged to meet preset conditions, determining that the safety detection of the detection group is passed;
and confirming that the first safety detection passes when all the safety detections of each detection group pass.
For example, when each detection group includes three detection groups, for one detection group, the sending time of the 3 local wave packet sequences is respectively inquired from the sending end, and is respectively recorded as tsn-1、tsn、tsn+1；
And acquiring the time of arriving at the detection gate of the receiving end equipment, and respectively recording the time as tan-1、tan、tan+1；
When the sending time and the arrival time of each local wave packet sequence meet preset conditions, determining that the safety detection of the detection group passes; and when the safety detection of each detection group passes, confirming that the first safety detection passes.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, the step of judging that the sending time and the arrival time satisfy a preset condition includes:
determining the sending time difference and the arrival time difference of every two adjacent first local area wave packet sequences in the detection group and the optical path time of each first local area wave packet sequence; the optical path time is the difference value between the arrival time and the sending time of the first local area wave packet sequence;
and when the difference value of every two sending time differences of the detection group meets a first preset error range, the difference value of every two arrival time differences meets a second preset error range and each optical path time meets a third preset error range, confirming that the sending time and the arrival time meet preset conditions.
Still taking the example that each detection group includes three local wave packet sequences, the transmission time difference between every two adjacent first local wave packet sequences is λ1And λ2Wherein, in the step (A),
λ1＝tsn－tsn-1；
λ2＝tsn+1－tsn；
the arrival time difference of every two adjacent first local area wave packet sequences is lambda respectively11And λ22Wherein, in the step (A),
λ11＝tan－tan-1；
λ22＝tan+1－tan；
the optical path times of the three first local wave packet sequences are Λ respectivelyn-1、Λn、Λn+1(ii) a Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Λn-1＝tan-1－tsn-1；
Λn＝tan－tsn；
Λn+1＝tan+1－tsn+1；
wherein if λ1And λ2Satisfies a first predetermined error range, and λ11And λ22Satisfies a second predetermined error range, and Λn-1、Λn、Λn+1When a third preset error range is met, the sending time and the arrival time are confirmed to meet preset conditions, specifically, the third error range is Λn-1、Λn、Λn+1Respectively with the error range of each local wave packet sequence between the preset transmission time of the channel transmission.
Optionally, in this embodiment of the present invention, after the step of receiving the second local area packet sequence sent by the sending end device through the second channel, the method further includes:
and performing second safety detection on the sending operation of the sending end equipment according to the second preset rule.
In order to ensure the integrity of communication (the possibility that an eavesdropper obtains information is eliminated after the first detection), after receiving the second local area packet sequence, performing a second security detection on the current sending operation of the sending end device, where the current sending operation refers to a sending operation in which the sending end device sends the second local area packet sequence to the receiving end device sequentially through the second channel.
The process of the second security detection is the same as the first security detection, and the embodiment of the present invention is not described herein again.
As a specific example, referring to fig. 3, in an application scenario of the photonic communication method shown in fig. 3, a sending end device is a device a, a receiving end device is a device B, and in the diagram, SR1 and SR2 are respectively a first storage ring and a second storage ring (due to a limitation of the prior art, storage of quantum states is not mature, and quantum state storage can only be realized through an indirect storage manner, so that selectable storage is mainly realized by adjusting a length of an optical fiber), and specifications of the two rings are completely the same.
S0 is the first transmitting end, S1 is the second transmitting source; BS1 is a first splitter and BS2 is a second splitter; d0 is a first detector, D1 is a second detector; c1 and C2 are respectively a first detection gate and a second detection gate; k is an operation switch; m1 and M2 are respectively a first reflective mirror and a second reflective mirror;
the channel where the C1 is located is a first channel, the channel where the C2 is located is a second channel, and the first channel and the second channel are quantum channels; in addition, a classical channel exists between device a and device B.
Wherein, without eavesdropping, the particles emitted by S0 would be detected by D0, and the particles emitted by S1 would be detected by D1.
Referring to fig. 4, in a communication process between a device a and a device B, the device a mainly performs the following processes:
step 401, device a encodes an information sequence to be transmitted.
Wherein, the photon emitted from the first emitting end S0 is at | Ψ 0>State, the photon emitted from the second emitting end S1 is at | Ψ 1>State); and records the sending time t while sending each local wave packet sequencesnThe control switch K for controlling the second channel is now in the open state.
Step 402, sequentially sending the first local wave packet sequence | a > to the device B through the first channel, and waiting for a detection result of the device B performing the first security detection on the sending operation according to the second preset rule.
Wherein photons evolve into a first local wave packet sequence | a at the beam splitter>And a second sequence of local wave packets | b>The first local-area-wave packet sequences start to be transmitted to the device B through the first channel (upper channel), the time for each first local-area-wave packet sequence to reach the first detection gate C1 at the device B is predetermined to be tau, and when all the first local-area-wave packet sequences arrive at the device B, the time t for the first local-area-wave packet sequence to reach the first detection gate C1 at the device B is the time tanAre recorded.
Step 403, when the detection result indicates that the first security detection passes, sequentially sending the second local area packet sequence | B > to the device B through the second channel.
And the device B informs the device A that the first safety detection is passed, the protocol process continues, and the device A opens the control switch K and sends a second local wave packet sequence | B > sequence out of a second channel (lower channel).
Referring to fig. 5, a communication process between a device a and a device B, the device B mainly performs the following procedures:
step 501, receiving a first local area wave packet sequence | a > sent by a device a through the first channel;
wherein device B also records | a>The time of arrival and the sending time of the partial succession of three particles, t respectively, interrogated by the classical channel to device asn-1、tsn、tsn+1。
Step 502, according to a second preset rule, performing a first security detection on the current sending operation of the device a.
The device B calculates the sending time difference of lambda 1 and lambda 2 respectively according to a preset algorithm, and each two adjacent first local area wave packet sequences | a>Respectively of λ1And λ2Wherein, in the step (A),
λ1＝tsn－tsn-1；
λ2＝tsn+1－tsn；
every two adjacent first local wave packet sequences | a>Respectively, are lambda11And λ22Wherein, in the step (A),
λ11＝tan－tan-1；
λ22＝tan+1－tan；
three first local wave packet sequences | a>Respectively Λn-1、Λn、Λn+1(ii) a Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Λn-1＝tan-1－tsn-1；
Λn＝tan－tsn；
Λn+1＝tan+1－tsn+1；
wherein if λ1And λ2Satisfies a first predetermined error range, and λ11And λ22Satisfies a second predetermined error range, and Λn-1、Λn、Λn+1When a third preset error range is met, the sending time and the arrival time are confirmed to meet preset conditions, specifically, the third error range is Λn-1、Λn、Λn+1Respectively with the error range between the preset transmission time tau of each local wave packet sequence in the channel transmission.
Step 503, when the first security detection passes, sending a detection result to the device a, and receiving the second local area packet sequence | b > sent by the device a through the second channel.
When the second sequence of local wave packets | B > reaches the second detection gate C2 of the device B, the device B repeats the operation of step 602 for the second sequence of local wave packets | B > again, performs the second security detection, and continues the protocol after confirming the security. Through the first security detection, an eavesdropper cannot acquire any information by eavesdropping the second local wave packet sequence | b >, so the second security detection can ensure the integrity of the information.
And step 504, transcribing the two local wave packet sequences into an information sequence, and finishing communication.
Where two sequences of local wave packets arrive at the second beam splitter BS2 simultaneously and interfere, particles emitting in the | Ψ 0> state will be detected at the first detector D0, particles emitting in the | Ψ 1> state will be detected at the second detector D1, and device B records and transcribes the detected states into information.
In the above example, the protocol process conforms to the most basic requirement of quantum secure direct communication, that is, the information eavesdropped by an eavesdropper can only be a random sequence, and both communication parties can directly transmit effective information through a quantum channel, and the effective information is not transmitted through a classical channel. In this example, before effective information transmission, the existence of an eavesdropper in the channel is excluded, that is, after the first security detection is passed, the device a turns on the control switch K and sends the remaining | B > sequence to the device B, and the eavesdropper does not contribute to re-detection at this time, and only a random result is obtained. After receiving the | B > sequence, the device B still performs the second security detection to confirm the reliability of the information, thereby preventing the information from being damaged by the eavesdropping of an eavesdropper.
With the foregoing description of the photonic communication method according to the embodiment of the present invention, a photonic communication apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 6, an embodiment of the present invention provides a photonic communication apparatus, which is applied to a sending end device, where the sending end device and a receiving end device are in communication connection through a first channel and a second channel;
wherein the apparatus comprises:
the encoding module 601 is configured to encode an information sequence to be transmitted according to a first preset rule to obtain a photon sequence to be transmitted, where the photon includes a first local area packet sequence and a second local area packet sequence.
Referring to fig. 3, the phase code of the two local waves into which the photons emitted from S0 are transformed by the beam splitter is 0, and the phase code of the two local waves into which the photons emitted from S1 are transformed by the beam splitter is 1.
The transmitting terminal device comprises two emission sources, and the two emission sources can emit single photons with the same property.
The method comprises the steps that a sending end device obtains an information sequence to be sent, the information sequence to be sent selects different states at a sending source to code information, and the coding process is a process that 0 and 1 in a binary sequence are respectively expressed by phase differences of a first local area wave packet sequence and a second local area wave packet sequence.
A first sending module 602, configured to send the first local area packet sequence to the receiving end device in sequence through the first channel, and receive a detection result of performing, by the receiving end device, a first security detection on the sending operation according to a second preset rule.
The sending operation here refers to a sending operation in which the sending-end device sends the first local-area wave packet sequences to the receiving-end device in sequence through the first channel.
The first channel is used for transmitting a first local area wave packet sequence, and the second channel is used for transmitting a second local area wave packet sequence;
one photon state is divided into two local wave packet sequences, and the two local wave packet sequences are not exposed in a channel at the same time when being transmitted, so that an eavesdropper cannot detect the two local wave packet sequences of one photon state at the same time; an eavesdropper would not be able to obtain the information conveyed in the photon state if it detected only one sequence of local wave packets.
And the first local area wave packet sequence is sequentially sent to the receiving end equipment through the first channel, the receiving end equipment carries out first safety detection on the sending operation according to a second preset rule, and when the first safety detection passes, the second local area wave packet sequence is continuously sent, so that under the condition that the sending operation is intercepted, the sending end equipment is timely notified by the receiving end equipment through the first safety detection, the sending end equipment stops the communication, and the second local area wave packet sequence is not continuously sent.
A second sending module 603, configured to send the second local area packet sequence to the receiving end device in sequence through the second channel when the detection result indicates that the first security detection passes.
When the receiving end equipment passes the first safety detection of the sending operation, the sending end equipment sends the second local area wave packet sequences to the receiving end equipment in sequence through the second channel, and the receiving end equipment combines the two local area wave packet sequences to restore an information sequence.
Optionally, the sender device comprises a first storage ring;
the device comprises:
a first storage module to store the second sequence of local wave packets in the first storage ring.
In the above embodiment of the present invention, the encoding module 601 obtains the photons including the first local wave packet sequence and the second local wave packet sequence by encoding the information sequence to be transmitted, the first sending module 602 first sends the first local wave packet sequence in the photons to the receiving end device in sequence through the first channel between the sending end device and the receiving end device, and after the receiving end device passes the first security detection on the current sending operation, confirms that there is no eavesdropper, and the second sending module 603 then sends the second local wave packet sequence to the receiving end device in sequence through the second channel; by dividing a photon state into two local area wave packet sequences, the two local area wave packet sequences do not exist in a quantum channel at the same time, an eavesdropper cannot detect the two local area wave packet sequences of the photon state at the same time, and if the eavesdropper only detects one local area wave packet sequence, the eavesdropper cannot acquire information transmitted in the photon state. The invention realizes the transmission of effective information through the quantum channel on the premise of ensuring the safe communication, and reduces the transmission loss of photons in the quantum channel.
Referring to fig. 7, an embodiment of the present invention provides a photonic communication apparatus, which is applied to a receiving end device, where the receiving end device and a sending end device are in communication connection through a first channel and a second channel;
wherein the apparatus comprises:
a first receiving module 701, configured to receive a first local area packet sequence sent by the sending end device through the first channel; the first local area wave packet sequence is obtained by encoding an information sequence to be transmitted by the transmitting terminal equipment according to a first preset rule; and the information sequence to be sent also comprises a second local area wave packet sequence after being coded.
The transmitting equipment comprises two emitting sources, and photons emitted by the two emitting sources are evolved into photons in different states after passing through a beam splitter; after an information sequence to be sent is coded, photons with positive phases or photons with negative phases of states of the photons are obtained; each photon comprises a first local wave packet sequence and a second local wave packet sequence; the photon state can be represented by a linear combination of a sequence of local wave packets.
Correspondingly, the receiving end device comprises two detection sources respectively used for receiving photons emitted by the two emission sources; for example, the two detection sources are a first detection source and a second detection source respectively, and the two emission sources are a first emission source and a second emission source respectively, so that the first detection source is configured to receive photons emitted by the first emission source, and the second detection source is configured to receive photons emitted by the second detection source.
The detecting module 702 is configured to perform a first security detection on the current sending operation of the sending end device according to a second preset rule.
The sending operation here refers to a sending operation in which the sending-end device sends the first local-area wave packet sequences to the receiving-end device in sequence through the first channel. And the receiving end equipment carries out safety detection on the sending operation according to a second preset rule so as to detect whether photons are intercepted and stolen by an eavesdropper in the sending operation process.
A second receiving module 703 is configured to send a detection result to the sending end device when the first security detection passes, and receive the second local wave packet sequence sent by the sending end device through the second channel.
The first safety detection is passed, the current sending operation is safe, and if no eavesdropper exists, the first safety detection feeds back to the sending end and can continue sending the second local area wave packet sequence; otherwise, the sending end device stops the communication and does not continue to send the second local area wave packet sequence.
Optionally, in this embodiment of the present invention, the detecting module 802 includes:
the extraction submodule is used for extracting a preset number of detection groups, and each detection group comprises at least three first local wave packet sequences;
the acquisition submodule is used for acquiring the sending time of the first local wave packet sequence in each detection group and the arrival time of the detection gate reaching the receiving end equipment; the sending time is the time of the first local area wave packet sequence sent from the sending end equipment;
the determining submodule is used for determining that the safety detection of the detection group passes when the sending time and the arrival time meet the preset conditions;
and the confirming submodule is used for confirming that the first safety detection passes when all the safety detections of each detection group pass.
Optionally, in this embodiment of the present invention, the determining submodule is configured to:
determining the sending time difference and the arrival time difference of every two adjacent first local area wave packet sequences in the detection group and the optical path time of each first local area wave packet sequence; the optical path time is the difference value between the arrival time and the sending time of the first local area wave packet sequence;
and when the difference value of every two sending time differences of the detection group meets a first preset error range, the difference value of every two arrival time differences meets a second preset error range and each optical path time meets a third preset error range, confirming that the sending time and the arrival time meet preset conditions.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the apparatus further includes:
and the second detection module is used for carrying out second safety detection on the sending operation of the sending end equipment according to the second preset rule.
In the above embodiment of the present invention, the first receiving module 701 receives the first local wave packet sequence sent by the sending end device through the first channel, after the detecting module 702 passes the first security detection on the current sending operation, it is determined that there is no situation of an eavesdropper, and the second receiving module 703 notifies the sending end device to send the second local wave packet sequence through the second channel, so that the eavesdropper cannot simultaneously detect two local wave packet sequences in one photon state, and if the eavesdropper only detects one local wave packet sequence, the eavesdropper cannot acquire information transmitted in the photon state. The invention realizes the transmission of effective information through the quantum channel on the premise of ensuring the safe communication, and reduces the transmission loss of photons in the quantum channel.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to yet another embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 8, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device, which includes a memory (memory)81, a processor (processor)82, a bus 83, and a computer program that is stored in the memory 81 and can run on the processor. The memory 81 and the processor 82 complete communication with each other through the bus 83.
The processor 82 is adapted to call program instructions in the memory 81 to implement the method of fig. 1 when executing the computer program.
In another embodiment, the processor, when executing the computer program, implements the method of:
coding an information sequence to be transmitted according to a first preset rule to obtain a photon sequence to be transmitted, wherein the photons comprise a first local area wave packet sequence and a second local area wave packet sequence;
sequentially sending the first local area wave packet sequence to receiving end equipment through the first channel, and receiving a detection result of first safety detection of the sending operation of the receiving end equipment according to a second preset rule;
and when the detection result indicates that the first safety detection is passed, sequentially sending the second local area wave packet sequence to the receiving end equipment through the second channel.
The electronic device provided in the embodiment of the present invention may be configured to execute a program corresponding to the method in the foregoing method embodiment, and details of this implementation are not described again.
In the electronic device provided in the embodiment of the present invention, a sending end device obtains photons including a first local wave packet sequence and a second local wave packet sequence by encoding an information sequence to be sent, and first sequentially sends the first local wave packet sequence in the photons to a receiving end device through a first channel between the sending end device and the receiving end device, and after the receiving end device passes a first security detection on the sending operation, determines that there is no eavesdropper, and then sequentially sends the second local wave packet sequence to the receiving end device through a second channel; by dividing a photon state into two local area wave packet sequences, and transmitting the two local area wave packet sequences to receiving end equipment through different channels, an eavesdropper cannot simultaneously detect the two local area wave packet sequences of the photon state, and if the eavesdropper only detects one local area wave packet sequence, the eavesdropper cannot acquire information transmitted in the photon state. The invention realizes the transmission of effective information through the quantum channel on the premise of ensuring the safe communication, and reduces the transmission loss of photons in the quantum channel.
A non-transitory computer readable storage medium is provided according to a further embodiment of the present invention, having a computer program stored thereon, which when executed by a processor implements the steps of fig. 1.
In another embodiment, the computer program when executed by a processor implements a method comprising:
coding an information sequence to be transmitted according to a first preset rule to obtain a photon sequence to be transmitted, wherein the photons comprise a first local area wave packet sequence and a second local area wave packet sequence;
sequentially sending the first local area wave packet sequence to receiving end equipment through the first channel, and receiving a detection result of first safety detection of the sending operation of the receiving end equipment according to a second preset rule;
and when the detection result indicates that the first safety detection is passed, sequentially sending the second local area wave packet sequence to the receiving end equipment through the second channel.
In the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium provided in the embodiment of the present invention, when the computer program is executed by the processor, the method in the foregoing method embodiment is implemented, and details of this implementation are not described again.
In the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium provided in the embodiment of the present invention, a sending end device obtains photons including a first local wave packet sequence and a second local wave packet sequence by encoding an information sequence to be sent, and first sequentially sends the first local wave packet sequence in the photons to a receiving end device through a first channel between the sending end device and the receiving end device, and after the receiving end device passes a first security detection on the current sending operation, determines that no eavesdropper exists, and then sequentially sends the second local wave packet sequence to the receiving end device through a second channel; by dividing a photon state into two local area wave packet sequences, and transmitting the two local area wave packet sequences to receiving end equipment through different channels, an eavesdropper cannot simultaneously detect the two local area wave packet sequences of the photon state, and if the eavesdropper only detects one local area wave packet sequence, the eavesdropper cannot acquire information transmitted in the photon state. The invention realizes the transmission of effective information through the quantum channel on the premise of ensuring the safe communication, and reduces the transmission loss of photons in the quantum channel.
Yet another embodiment of the present invention discloses a computer program product comprising a computer program stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, the computer program comprising program instructions which, when executed by a computer, enable the computer to perform the methods provided by the above-mentioned method embodiments, for example, comprising:
coding an information sequence to be transmitted according to a first preset rule to obtain a photon sequence to be transmitted, wherein the photons comprise a first local area wave packet sequence and a second local area wave packet sequence;
sequentially sending the first local area wave packet sequence to receiving end equipment through the first channel, and receiving a detection result of first safety detection of the sending operation of the receiving end equipment according to a second preset rule;
and when the detection result indicates that the first safety detection is passed, sequentially sending the second local area wave packet sequence to the receiving end equipment through the second channel.
The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, and the units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without inventive effort.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and certainly can also be implemented by hardware. With this understanding in mind, the above-described technical solutions may be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A photon communication method is applied to sending end equipment and is characterized in that the sending end equipment and receiving end equipment are in communication connection through a first channel and a second channel;
wherein the method comprises the following steps:
coding an information sequence to be transmitted according to a first preset rule to obtain a photon sequence to be transmitted, wherein the photons comprise a first local area wave packet sequence and a second local area wave packet sequence;
sequentially sending the first local wave packet sequence to the receiving end equipment through the first channel, and receiving a detection result of first safety detection of the sending operation of the receiving end equipment according to a second preset rule;
when the detection result indicates that the first safety detection is passed, sequentially sending the second local area wave packet sequence to the receiving end equipment through the second channel;
the sending end device comprises a first storage ring;
before the step of sequentially sending the second local area packet sequence to the receiving end device through the second channel, the method includes:
storing the second sequence of local wave packets in the first storage loop.
2. A photon communication method is applied to receiving end equipment and is characterized in that the receiving end equipment is in communication connection with the sending end equipment through a first channel and a second channel;
wherein the method comprises the following steps:
receiving a first local area wave packet sequence sent by the sending end equipment through the first channel; the first local area wave packet sequence is obtained by encoding an information sequence to be transmitted by the transmitting terminal equipment according to a first preset rule; the information sequence to be sent also comprises a second local area wave packet sequence after being coded;
according to a second preset rule, carrying out first safety detection on the sending operation of the sending end equipment;
when the first safety detection is passed, sending a detection result to the sending end equipment, and receiving the second local area wave packet sequence sent by the sending end equipment through the second channel;
the step of performing a first security check on the current sending operation of the sending end device according to a second preset rule includes:
extracting a preset number of detection groups, wherein each detection group comprises at least three first local wave packet sequences;
for each detection group, acquiring the sending time of a first local area wave packet sequence in the detection group and the arrival time of a detection gate reaching the receiving end equipment; the sending time is the time of the first local area wave packet sequence sent from the sending end equipment;
when the sending time and the arrival time are judged to meet preset conditions, determining that the safety detection of the detection group is passed;
and confirming that the first safety detection passes when all the safety detections of each detection group pass.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the step of determining that the sending time and the arrival time satisfy a predetermined condition comprises:
determining the sending time difference and the arrival time difference of every two adjacent first local area wave packet sequences in the detection group and the optical path time of each first local area wave packet sequence; the optical path time is the difference value between the arrival time and the sending time of the first local area wave packet sequence;
and when the difference value of every two sending time differences of the detection group meets a first preset error range, the difference value of every two arrival time differences meets a second preset error range and each optical path time meets a third preset error range, confirming that the sending time and the arrival time meet preset conditions.
4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the step of receiving the second sequence of local area wave packets transmitted by the transmitting end device through the second channel is followed by further comprising:
and performing second safety detection on the sending operation of the sending end equipment according to the second preset rule.
5. A photon communication device is applied to sending end equipment and is characterized in that the sending end equipment and receiving end equipment are in communication connection through a first channel and a second channel;
wherein the apparatus comprises:
the system comprises an encoding module, a receiving module and a sending module, wherein the encoding module is used for encoding an information sequence to be sent according to a first preset rule to obtain a photon sequence to be sent, and the photon comprises a first local area wave packet sequence and a second local area wave packet sequence;
the first sending module is used for sequentially sending the first local area wave packet sequence to the receiving end equipment through the first channel and receiving a detection result of first safety detection of the sending operation of the receiving end equipment according to a second preset rule;
a second sending module, configured to send the second local area packet sequence to the receiving end device in sequence through the second channel when the detection result indicates that the first security detection passes;
the sending end device comprises a first storage ring;
the device comprises:
a first storage module to store the second sequence of local wave packets in the first storage ring.
6. A photon communication device is applied to receiving end equipment and is characterized in that the receiving end equipment is in communication connection with the sending end equipment through a first channel and a second channel;
wherein the apparatus comprises:
a first receiving module, configured to receive a first local area packet sequence sent by the sending end device through the first channel; the first local area wave packet sequence is obtained by encoding an information sequence to be transmitted by the transmitting terminal equipment according to a first preset rule; the information sequence to be sent also comprises a second local area wave packet sequence after being coded;
the detection module is used for carrying out first safety detection on the sending operation of the sending end equipment according to a second preset rule;
a second receiving module, configured to send a detection result to the sending end device when the first security detection passes, and receive the second local area packet sequence sent by the sending end device through the second channel;
the detection module comprises:
the extraction submodule is used for extracting a preset number of detection groups, and each detection group comprises at least three first local wave packet sequences;
the acquisition submodule is used for acquiring the sending time of the first local wave packet sequence in each detection group and the arrival time of the detection gate reaching the receiving end equipment; the sending time is the time of the first local area wave packet sequence sent from the sending end equipment;
the determining submodule is used for determining that the safety detection of the detection group passes when the sending time and the arrival time meet the preset conditions;
and the confirming submodule is used for confirming that the first safety detection passes when all the safety detections of each detection group pass.
7. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, a bus, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the processor implementing the steps in the photonic communication method of any of claims 1 to 4 when executing the computer program.
8. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, characterized in that: the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in the photonic communication method of any one of claims 1 to 4.
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