CN108923851A - A kind of channel multiplexing method based on five bit brown states - Google Patents
A kind of channel multiplexing method based on five bit brown states Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention patent discloses a kind of channel multiplexing method based on five bit brown states, including the dense coding of channel multiplexing method, quantum teleportation and quantum that prepare by quantum teleportation and long-range state and deposit and the channel multiplexing method deposited and the preparation of long-range state and dense three parts of channel multiplexing method for encoding and depositing of quantum.The invention proposes channel multiplexing methods, and communicating pair can be realized in individual channel while sending and receiving quantum information, and effectively enrich the mode of quantum information exchange.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Quantum Secure Communication field, specifically a kind of channel multiplexing based on five bit brown states
Method.
Background technique
Quantum cryptology is the product that cryptography is combined with quantum mechanics.Communicating pair is usually carried by information of quantum state
Body establishes information interchange, safety by quantum channel using quantum-mechanical basic principle between secret communication both sides
By in quantum mechanics uncertainty relation and quantum non-clone principle guaranteed.Absolute safety refers to listener-in's IQ pole
Height, the most brilliant Eavesdropping strategy of use, using every advanced instrument, key is still safe under these conditions.
The basic Eavesdropping strategy of listener-in has two classes:First is that by being measured to the quantum state that carry classical information, from its measurement
Result obtain required information.But quantum-mechanical basic principle is taught that, it can interference volume to quantum state preparation
Sub- state itself, therefore this eavesdropping mode will necessarily leave a trace and be found by legitimate user；It is surveyed second is that avoiding direct quantum
It measuring and takes quantum duplicator to replicate the quantum state of transmission information, listener-in sends former quantum state to information receiver, and
The quantum state for leaving duplication is measured with steal information, thus will not leave behind any trace that can be found.But quantum
Unclonable theorem ensures that listener-in will not succeed, any physically feasible quantum duplicator be impossible to clone with it is defeated
Enter the duplicate quantum state of quantum state.Therefore, quanta cryptology technique can provide in principle to decode, can not eavesdrop
Secure communication system.
The invention mainly relates to some problems of quantum information transmission, including the preparation of quantum teleportation, quantum state and amount
The dense coding of son.Constantly there is scholar to amount after proposing Quantum Teleportation from Bennett [8] quantum teleportation
Sub- Teleportation scheme carry out expand and it is perfect, Wang [9] et al. propose utilizes controlled not-gate and single quantum bit operation
Realize Quantum Teleportation, Zheng [10], which is proposed, not to be needed the measurement of Bell base and utilize Eurytrema coelomatium method
The scheme of the arbitrary quantum state of Teleportation.Quantum teleportation can be divided into deterministic channel according to channel division and probability is believed
Road generally is 100% for deterministic channel existing scheme transmission success rate, such as document [11-15].Particularly, document mentions
The perfect quantum state transmission for the Cluster state tangled based on four particle maximums is gone out, its transmission success rate and channel fidelity
It is all 100%.Due to the effect of environment, maximal entangled state often evolves into partially entangled states, and document [16-18] uses just
It is partially entangled states, for the Probabilistic Teleportation for using partially entangled states, its probability of success has more less than 1
General significance.
It prepared by long-range quantum state, researcher H.K.Lo [19] et al. is put forward for the first time the concept that quantum is remotely prepared, this
And a kind of quantum entanglement resource shared in advance also with one and some classics communicate to transmit the scheme of pure quantum state.
The quantum state for needing to transmit for the transmission of Quantum Teleportation state does not need known to state sender, and for quantum state system
Standby, quantum state to be prepared is assumed completely known to quantum state sender.For the safety for improving quantum state preparation, joint
Quantum state preparation method is suggested, and has numerous studies [20,21], and in this scenario, multiple senders share amount to be prepared
Sub- state information, only when multiple senders promise long-range quantum state that could successfully prepare purpose quantum state when preparing simultaneously.It removes
Except this, long-range quantum state preparation develops from preparation pure state to mixed state, and its essence is measure (positive with integral operator
Operator-valued measure) come replace von Neumann measure (Neumann measurement) [22].In view of entangling
It twines state Entanglement under environmental activity to weaken, document [23] gives the mixing quantum state preparation method under environmental disturbances.
The dense coding of quantum is same as a part and quantum teleportation quantum state preparation very important in quantum communications
Sample is important, which is the property using quantum entanglement, a particle of the operation in the two particle of Entangled State
And by the Particle Delivery, realize through one quantum bit of transmission to transmit the classical information for being greater than a bit.From 1992
Bennett [24] et al. has proposed that using EPR, quantum dense coding is in theoretical and experiment to since realizing quantum dense coding scheme
On all achieve huge progress [24-27].Including the bright academician of Guo Guang et al. [28] just proposed control early in 2001
The dense coding of quantum, the program controls the information content of transmission by control quantum degree of entanglement, in quantum dense coding experiment side
Face, Mattle [27] et al. were just successfully made that discrete variable quantum dense coding is tested in 1996.
The long-range state preparation of traditional quantum teleportation and quantum is all based on channel single communication mode, i.e. a side passes
Throughput rate sub-information another party receives, and the utilization rate of channel is lower.
Summary of the invention
The channel multiplexing method that the present invention provides a kind of quantum teleportation and long-range state is prepared and deposited；
Sender Alice needs to send the unknown quantum state of single-particle a to recipient Bob, and at the same time, Bob is also needed
A known single-particle state is prepared for Alice, and whole process needs carry out under the control of third party Charlie.It is to be passed
Single-particle a is sent to distinguish with single-particle quantum state form to be prepared as follows：
|μ>=γ | 0>+δeiθ|1>
Coefficient in above-mentioned formula all meets normalizing condition, i.e., | α |2+|β|2=1, | γ |2+|δ|2=1.
The first step：(channel preparation) Alice, Bob and Charlie share a five bit brown state channels, channel just
Beginning form is as follows：
Wherein particle A1, A2Belong to Alice, particle B1, B2Belong to Bob, particle C belongs to Charlie.It is long-range in order to complete
State preparation, Bob needs to introduce an auxiliary particle r, and the auxiliary particle is initialized as | and 0>.Meanwhile Alice holds one
Unknown single-bit quantum state a
Second step：After (Channel Modulation) channel is ready to complete, Alice, Bob will be modulated channel, and detailed process is such as
Under：Alice is to particle to (A1, CNOT operation a) is carried out, wherein A1Particle is the control particle of CNOT operation；Bob is respectively to grain
Son is to (B1, r), (B1, B2) carry out CNOT operation, wherein B1Particle is the control particle of CNOT operation.So far, Channel Modulation is complete
At whole system formal argument is：
Above formula is observed it is not difficult to find that particle is to (A2,B2) show the form of Bell state.
Third step：After the completion of (quantum measurement) Channel Modulation, Alice and Bob need to measure channel accordingly, and
Measurement result is shared with other side by classical channel, specific steps are as follows.Alice is first to (a, A2) carry out Bell base
Measurement, at the same time, Bob is to B1Particle carries out orthogonal basis measurement.According to B1The measurement result of particle, Bob also need selection corresponding
Measurement base to auxiliary particle r carry out the measurement of single-bit base.Meanwhile controlling party Charlie need to implement single-bit base to particle C and survey
Amount.After the completion of Alice, Bob and Charlie measurement all, equiprobability is collapsed into 32 kinds of forms by system.
4th step：After (information transmission) measurement operation, Alice and Bob will be by classical channels by respective measurement
As a result it is sent to other side.For the measurement result of controlling party Charlie, if the information of Charlie refusal Alice and Bob is handed over
Stream, he will retain the measurement result of C particle, and agreement is so far interrupted；If Charlie agrees to that Alice and Bob carries out information friendship
Stream, the measurement result of C particle can be sent to Alice and Bob by classical channel by him, and Alice and Bob passes through corresponding at this time
Recovery operation (see the 5th step) this programme can be completed.
5th step：After (recovery operation) information transmits, Alice is according to Bob to particle B1, the measurement result of r and
Charlie is to the measurement result of C particle to A1Particle carries out corresponding unitary transformation to complete the purpose of long-range state preparation.With this
Meanwhile Bob according to Alice to particle to (a, A2) and Charlie to the measurement result of C particle to particle B2It carries out corresponding
Unitary operations are to restore the unknown single-bit quantum state from Alice, to complete quantum teleportation.
2, quantum teleportation and the dense channel multiplexing method for encoding and depositing of quantum
Sender Alice needs to send the unknown quantum state of single-particle a to recipient Bob, and at the same time, Bob holds
The binary system classical information k of dibit will be sent to Alice, and the implementation procedure of channel multiplexing method that is entire and depositing is needed the
It is carried out under the control of tripartite Charlie.The quantum state form of single-particle a to be transmitted is as follows：
Coefficient in above-mentioned formula meets normalizing condition | α |2+|β|2=1.
The first step：(channel preparation) Alice, Bob and Charlie share a five bit brown state channels, channel just
Beginning form is as follows：
Wherein particle A1, A2Belong to Alice, particle B1, B2Belong to Bob, particle C belongs to Charlie.Meanwhile Alice is held
There is a unknown single-bit quantum state a.
Second step：After (modulating-coding) channel is ready to complete, Alice and Bob need to carry out the modulation of system and encode work
Make, specific step is as follows：Firstly, Bob is to the particle held to (B1,B2) carry out CNOT operation, wherein B1Particle is CNOT operation
Control particle, B2Particle is controlled particle；Meanwhile Alice to the particle held to (A1, CNOT operation a) is carried out, wherein A1
Particle is the control particle of CNOT operation, and a particle is controlled particle, and Alice is again to particle A later1Carry out H door operation.In addition,
In order to complete encoding operation, Alice and Bob arrange four kinds of unitary transformation operation U in advancei(i=0,1,2,3) two are respectively corresponded
Scale coding message 00,01,10,11, and define U0=I, U1=σx,U2=i σy,U3=σz.What Bob was sent as needed
Binary-encoded message is to B2Particle carries out corresponding unitary operations.According to the difference of the Bob unitary operations applied, system can be in
Existing different state.
Third step：After the completion of (measurement and transmission) modulating-coding operation, Alice is to particle a, A1Single-bit base is carried out respectively
Measurement, and measurement result is sent to Bob.In order to complete decoding operate, Bob is to B2Particle will after carrying out unitary encoding operation
It is sent to Alice, and then Alice is to particle to (A2,B2) carry out the state that the measurement of Bell base determines it.At the same time, it controls
Square Charlie carries out the measurement of single-bit base to C particle, if he agrees to the information interchange of Alice and Bob, measurement result
It is sent respectively to Alice and Bob.At this point, Alice and Bob is by the way that recovery and decoding operate (see the 4th step) can be complete accordingly
Cost approach.
4th step：(restore and decoding) after Bob receives the measurement result of Alice and Charlie, he only needs to holding
B1 particle implement unitary operations appropriate and can restore the unknown single-bit quantum state from Alice, so that it is hidden to complete quantum
Shape passes state.For the decoded portion of Alice, it is observed that particle is to (A from system expression formula2,B2) State-dependence in
The unitary operations of Bob and the C particle state of controlling party Charlie.Therefore, when Alice obtains the measurement result of C particle simultaneously
Determine particle to (A2,B2) state after, he can get the encoded information of Bob.
3, long-range state preparation and channel multiplexing method quantum dense coding and deposited
Sender Alice needs to prepare a known single-particle state for Bob, and at the same time, Bob holds the two of dibit
System classical information k will be sent to Alice, and the implementation procedure of channel multiplexing method that is entire and depositing is needed in third party
It is carried out under the control of Charlie.Single-particle quantum state form difference to be prepared is as follows：
|μ>=γ | 0>+δeiθ|1>
Coefficient in above-mentioned formula all meets normalizing condition, i.e., | γ |2+|δ|2=1.The process of long-range state preparation can be with
It is carried out referring to the state preparation step in claim one, the process of the dense coding of quantum is referred to dense in claim two
Coding step carries out.
The method have the characteristics that：
By sharing the channel of a five bit brown states between user Alice, Bob and third party Charlie,
It realizes asymmetric information interchange between user Alice and Bob, that is, realizes the multiplexing to channel.In addition, involved in the present invention
The some quantum techniques arrived, such as the measurement of bell base, orthogonal basis measurement and single-bit measurement have physically all had very well
Ground realizes that other are operated such as CNOT gate, and H door operation etc. also has corresponding physics realization.The characteristics of three kinds of channel multiplexing methods
It is as follows：
1, the channel multiplexing method that quantum teleportation and long-range state are prepared and deposited
The first step Alice, Bob and Charlie share a five bit brown state channels, and the original form of channel is as follows：
Wherein particle A1, A2Belong to Alice, particle B1, B2Belong to Bob, particle C belongs to Charlie.
In second step, Alice and Bob, which require to use CNOT operation, is modulated shared channel.
In third step, Alice is needed to particle to (a, A2) measurement of Bell base is carried out, Bob is needed to B1Particle and auxiliary
Particle r carries out orthogonal basis measurement and the measurement of single-bit base respectively, and controlling party Charlie needs to carry out the survey of single-bit base to C particle
Amount.
In 4th step, for the measurement result of controlling party Charlie, if the information of Charlie refusal Alice and Bob
Exchange, he will retain the measurement result of C particle, and agreement is so far interrupted；If Charlie agrees to that Alice and Bob carries out information
Exchange, the measurement result of C particle can be sent to Alice and Bob by classical channel by him, and Alice and Bob pass through phase at this time
This programme can be completed in the recovery operation (see the 5th step) answered.
In 5th step, Alice is according to Bob to particle B1, the measurement result of the measurement result of r and Charlie to C particle
To A1Particle carries out corresponding unitary transformation to complete the purpose of long-range state preparation.At the same time, Bob is according to Alice to particle
To (a, A2) and Charlie to the measurement result of C particle to particle B2Corresponding unitary operations are carried out to complete Quantum Teleportation
Pass state.
2, quantum teleportation and the dense channel multiplexing method for encoding and depositing of quantum
In second step, Alice needs to use CNOT operation and H operation is modulated channel, and Bob needs basis to hold
Dibit binary-encoded message is to B2Particle carries out corresponding unitary operations.
In third step, Alice is needed to particle a, A1The measurement of single-bit base is carried out respectively.Bob is to B2Particle carries out unitary
Alice is sent it to after encoding operation, then Alice is again to particle to (A2,B2) carry out the measurement of Bell base.Controlling party
Charlie needs to carry out the measurement of single-bit base to C particle.
In 4th step, Bob is according to the Alice received and the measurement result of Charlie, to the B held1Particle is implemented appropriate
Unitary operations quantum teleportation can be completed.Alice obtains the measurement result of C particle and has determined particle to (A2,B2)
State after, the encoded information of Bob can be inferred to.
3, long-range state preparation and channel multiplexing method quantum dense coding and deposited
This method is to combine the long-range state preparation in method 1 with the dense coding of the quantum in method 2 to build
A kind of channel multiplexing method, feature have had detailed description in method 1 and method 2.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the channel multiplexing method that the quantum teleportation based on five bit brown states is prepared and deposited with long-range state
Flow chart.
Fig. 2 is quantum teleportation and the dense channel multiplexing method for encoding and depositing of quantum based on five bit brown states
Flow chart.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is a kind of channel multiplexing method based on five bit brown states, including quantum teleportation and long-range state
The channel multiplexing method for preparing and depositing, quantum teleportation and the dense coding of quantum and the channel multiplexing method deposited and long-range state system
Standby coding dense with quantum and three parts of channel multiplexing method deposited.Moreover, it relates to CNOT gate operation and H
(Hadamard gate) operation, their matrix form are as follows：
Wherein in CNOT gate operation, generally it is made of a control particle A and a controlled particle B.As follows：
When control particle A is | 0>When, controlled particle state remains unchanged (a)；When control particle A is | 1>When, controlled grain
The state of son will be flipped (b).
1, the channel multiplexing method that quantum teleportation and long-range state are prepared and deposited
Sender Alice needs to send the unknown quantum state of single-particle a to recipient Bob, and at the same time, Bob is also needed
A known single-particle state is prepared for Alice, and whole process needs carry out under the control of third party Charlie.It is to be passed
Single-particle a is sent to distinguish with single-particle quantum state form to be prepared as follows：
|μ>=γ | 0>+δeiθ|1>
Coefficient in above-mentioned formula all meets normalizing condition, i.e., | α |2+|β|2=1, | γ |2+|δ|2=1.
The first step：(channel preparation) Alice, Bob and Charlie share a five bit brown state channels, channel just
Beginning form is as follows：
Wherein particle A1, A2Belong to Alice, particle B1, B2Belong to Bob, particle C belongs to Charlie.It is long-range in order to complete
State preparation, Bob needs to introduce an auxiliary particle r, and the auxiliary particle is initialized as | and 0>.Meanwhile Alice holds one
Unknown single-bit quantum state a
Second step：After (Channel Modulation) channel is ready to complete, Alice, Bob will be modulated channel, and detailed process is such as
Under：Alice is to particle to (A1, CNOT operation a) is carried out, wherein A1Particle is the control particle of CNOT operation；Bob is respectively to grain
Son is to (B1, r), (B1, B2) carry out CNOT operation, wherein B1Particle is the control particle of CNOT operation.So far, Channel Modulation is complete
At whole system formal argument is：
Above formula is observed it is not difficult to find that particle is to (A2,B2) show the form of Bell state.
Third step：After the completion of (quantum measurement) Channel Modulation, Alice and Bob need to measure channel accordingly, and
Measurement result is shared with other side by classical channel, specific steps are as follows.Alice is first to (a, A2) carry out Bell base
Measurement, Bell base expression formula are as follows：
At the same time, Bob is to B1Particle carries out orthogonal basis (μ0, μ1) measure, the expression formula of orthogonal basis is：
According to B1The measurement result of particle, Bob also need to carry out the measurement of single-bit base to auxiliary particle r.It is divided into two kinds of feelings
Condition：If B1Particle measurement result is | μ0>, choose following measurement base and auxiliary particle r measured：
If B1Particle measurement result is | μ1>, then choose following measurement base and auxiliary particle r measured：
Meanwhile controlling party Charlie need to particle C implement single-bit base measurement, measurement base be | 0>,|1>}.?
After the completion of Alice, Bob and Charlie measurement all, equiprobability is collapsed into 32 kinds of forms by system.
4th step：After (information transmission) measurement operation, Alice and Bob will be by classical channels by respective measurement
As a result it is sent to other side.For the measurement result of controlling party Charlie, if the information of Charlie refusal Alice and Bob is handed over
Stream, he will retain the measurement result of C particle, and agreement is so far interrupted；If Charlie agrees to that Alice and Bob carries out information friendship
Stream, the measurement result of C particle can be sent to Alice and Bob by classical channel by him, and Alice and Bob passes through corresponding at this time
Recovery operation (see the 5th step) this programme can be completed.
5th step：After (recovery operation) information transmits, Alice is according to Bob to particle B1, the measurement result of r and
Charlie is to the measurement result of C particle to A1Particle carries out corresponding unitary transformation to complete the purpose of long-range state preparation.With this
Meanwhile Bob according to Alice to particle to (a, A2) and Charlie to the measurement result of C particle to particle B2It carries out corresponding
Unitary operations are to restore the unknown single-bit quantum state from Alice, to complete quantum teleportation.Specific unitary transformation
Corresponding relationship with measurement result is as shown in subordinate list 1.
In above process, such as Alice is to (a, A2) measurement result be | φ0 +>, Bob is to particle B1With auxiliary grain
The measurement result of sub- r is respectively | μ0>WithCharlie is to the measurement result of particle C | 0>,
Collapse is following form by whole system at this time：
Know that Alice is needed to A at this time by table 11Particle executes σxIt operates, later A1Particle just reverts to | μ>=γ | 0>+
δeiθ|1>, Bob is the long-range state preparation of Alice | μ>Purpose complete.Correspondingly, Bob is to particle B2It executesOperation, B2
Particle reverts toAlice is that the unknown quantum state purpose of Bob teleportation single-particle a is reached.
So far, long-range state preparation is fully completed with the transmission of Quantum Teleportation state.
2, quantum teleportation and the dense channel multiplexing method for encoding and depositing of quantum
Sender Alice needs to send the unknown quantum state of single-particle a to recipient Bob, and at the same time, Bob holds
The binary system classical information k of dibit will be sent to Alice, and the implementation procedure of channel multiplexing method that is entire and depositing is needed the
It is carried out under the control of tripartite Charlie.The quantum state form of single-particle a to be transmitted is as follows：
Coefficient in above-mentioned formula meets normalizing condition | α |2+|β|2=1.
The first step：(channel preparation) Alice, Bob and Charlie share a five bit brown state channels, channel just
Beginning form is as follows：
Wherein particle A1, A2Belong to Alice, particle B1, B2Belong to Bob, particle C belongs to Charlie.Meanwhile Alice is held
There is a unknown single-bit quantum state a.At this point, whole system becomes following form：
Second step：After (modulating-coding) channel is ready to complete, Alice and Bob need to carry out the modulation of system and encode work
Make, specific step is as follows：Firstly, Bob is to the particle held to (B1,B2) carry out CNOT operation, wherein B1Particle is CNOT operation
Control particle, B2Particle is controlled particle；Meanwhile Alice to the particle held to (A1, CNOT operation a) is carried out, wherein A1
Particle is the control particle of CNOT operation, and a particle is controlled particle, and Alice is again to particle A later1Carry out H door operation.This
Outside, in order to complete encoding operation, Alice and Bob arrange four kinds of unitary transformation operation U in advancei(i=0,1,2,3) it respectively corresponds
Binary-encoded message 00,01,10,11, and define U0=I, U1=σx,U2=i σy,U3=σz.Bob is sent out as needed
The binary-encoded message sent is to B2Particle carries out corresponding unitary operations, and whole system will become following form at this time：
According to the difference of the Bob unitary operations applied, different states can be presented in system, and concrete condition sees attached list 2.
Third step：After the completion of (measurement and transmission) modulating-coding operation, Alice is to particle a, A1Single-bit base is carried out respectively
{|0>,|1>Measurement, and measurement result is sent to Bob.In order to complete decoding operate, Bob is to B2Particle carries out unitary volume
Alice is sent it to after code operation, then Alice is to particle to (A2,B2) carry out the state that the measurement of Bell base determines it.With
This simultaneously, controlling party Charlie to C particle carry out the measurement of single-bit base, if he agrees to the information interchange of Alice and Bob,
Measurement result is sent respectively to Alice and Bob.At this point, Alice and Bob by restoring with decoding operate (see the 4th accordingly
Step) this programme can be completed.
4th step：(restore and decoding) after Bob receives the measurement result of Alice and Charlie, he only needs to holding
B1Particle, which implements unitary operations appropriate, can restore the unknown single-bit quantum state from Alice, so that it is hidden to complete quantum
Shape passes state.For the decoded portion of Alice, it is observed that particle is to (A from system expression formula2,B2) State-dependence in
The unitary operations of Bob and the C particle state of controlling party Charlie.Therefore, when Alice obtains the measurement result of C particle simultaneously
Determine particle to (A2,B2) state after, he can get the encoded information of Bob.Specific corresponding to relationship such as 3 institute of subordinate list
Show.
In above process, if the binary-encoded message that Bob holds is k=11, he is to B2The unitary that particle is implemented
Operation is U3=σz, then system will become following form after the completion of system modulation and encoding operation：
Then, Alice is to a, A1Implement single-bit base respectively to measure and measurement result is issued Bob.Meanwhile Bob is by grain
Sub- B2After sending Alice to, Alice is to particle to (A2,B2) carry out the measurement of Bell base.Charlie needs pair as controlling party
The particle C possessed carries out the measurement of single-bit base, and the measurement result of C particle is sent to Alice and Bob.If Charlie is measured
Result be | 0>, Alice is to particle to (A2,B2) measurement result be | 01>+|10>, particle a and A1Measurement result be | 00
>, then system be by collapse state：
Bob is to particle B1Implement σxOperation can restore information.And according to table 3, Alice can determine the two of Bob into
Coded message processed is k=11.
3, long-range state preparation and channel multiplexing method quantum dense coding and deposited
Sender Alice needs to prepare a known single-particle state for Bob, and at the same time, Bob holds the two of dibit
System classical information k will be sent to Alice, and the implementation procedure of channel multiplexing method that is entire and depositing is needed in third party
It is carried out under the control of Charlie.Single-particle quantum state form difference to be prepared is as follows：
|u>=γ | 0)+δ eiθ|1>
Coefficient in above-mentioned formula all meets normalizing condition, i.e., | γ |2+|δ|2=1.The process of long-range state preparation can be with
The state preparation step of multiplexing method carries out in reference 1, and the process of the dense coding of quantum is referred to the dense volume of multiplexing method in 2
Code step carries out.
Present applicant proposes channel multiplexing methods, can effectively improve the utilization rate of channel, i.e., real in individual channel
Existing communicating pair sends and receives quantum information simultaneously.In addition, in the present solution, communicating pair quantum information transmission mode
It can be different, such as communicating pair carries out long-range state preparation and quantum teleportation simultaneously.In the present invention first
Divide and give a kind of channel multiplexing method that quantum teleportation is prepared and deposited with long-range state, is i.e. communicating pair quantum information exchanges
Mode is not reciprocity, effectively enriches the mode of quantum information exchange.Furthermore, it is contemplated that the dense coding of quantum is in quantum communications
Important a part, the second part in the present invention give a kind of quantum teleportation and quantum dense coding and the letter deposited
Channel multiplexing method has further expanded the mode of quantum information exchange.In conjunction with the content of first part and second part, finally also
The channel multiplexing method for giving a kind of long-range state preparation and quantum dense coding and depositing.In addition, be related in the present invention one
A little quantum techniques, such as the measurement of bell base, orthogonal basis measurement and single-bit measurement have physically all had to be realized well
[1-3], other are operated such as CNOT gate, and H door operation [4-7] etc. also has corresponding physics realization.
One of 32 kinds of above-mentioned forms are：
Wherein table 1：The measurement result and Alice of Alice, Bob, Charlie, Bob, Charlie unitary operations are corresponding to close
It is table
Table 2：The encoding operation and system changeover corresponding relationship that Bob implements B2 particle
Wherein | φ0>, | φ1>Respectively：
Table 3：C particle measurement is as a result, the measurement result of (A2, B2) and the corresponding relationship of Bob encoded information
Claims (3)
1. the channel multiplexing method that a kind of quantum teleportation based on five bit brown states and long-range state are prepared and deposited, special
Sign is to follow the steps below,
Sender Alice needs to send the unknown quantum state of single-particle a to recipient Bob, at the same time, Bob also need for
Alice prepares a known single-particle state, and whole process needs carry out under the control of third party Charlie；It is to be transmitted
The quantum state form of unknown single-particle a and the quantum state form difference of single-particle to be prepared are as follows：
|μ>=γ | 0>+δeiθ|1>
Coefficient in above-mentioned formula all meets normalizing condition, i.e., | α |2+|β|2=1, | γ |2+|δ|2=1；
The first step：Channel prepares, and Alice, Bob and Charlie share a five bit brown state channels, the initial shape of channel
Formula is as follows：
Wherein particle A1, A2Belong to Alice, particle B1, B2Belong to Bob, particle C belongs to Charlie；In order to complete long-range state system
Standby, Bob needs to introduce an auxiliary particle r, and the auxiliary particle is initialized as | and 0>；Meanwhile Alice hold one it is unknown
Single-bit quantum state
Second step：Channel Modulation, after channel is ready to complete, Alice, Bob will be modulated channel, and detailed process is as follows：
Alice is to particle to (A1, CNOT operation a) is carried out, wherein A1Particle is the control particle of CNOT operation；Bob is respectively to particle pair
(B1, r), (B1, B2) carry out CNOT operation, wherein B1Particle is the control particle of CNOT operation；So far, Channel Modulation is completed, whole
A system form is transformed to：
Third step：Quantum measures, and after the completion of Channel Modulation, Alice and Bob need to measure channel accordingly, and by
Measurement result is shared with other side by classical channel, specific steps are as follows：Alice is first to (a, A2) measurement of Bell base is carried out,
Bell base expression formula is as follows：
At the same time, Bob is to B1Particle carries out orthogonal basis (μ0, μ1) measure, the expression formula of orthogonal basis is：
According to B1The measurement result of particle, Bob also need to carry out the measurement of single-bit base to auxiliary particle r；It is divided into two kinds of situations：Such as
Fruit B1Particle measurement result is | μ0>, choose following measurement base and auxiliary particle r measured：
If B1Particle measurement result is | μ1>, then choose following measurement base and auxiliary particle r measured：
Meanwhile controlling party Charlie need to particle C implement single-bit base measurement, measurement base be | 0>,|1>}；In Alice, Bob
After the completion of Charlie measurement all, equiprobability is collapsed into one of possible 32 kinds of forms as follows by system：
4th step：Information transmission, after measurement operation, Alice and Bob will be sent out respective measurement result by classical channel
Give other side；For the measurement result of controlling party Charlie, if the information interchange of Charlie refusal Alice and Bob, he will
Retain the measurement result of C particle, agreement is so far interrupted；If Charlie agrees to that Alice and Bob carries out information interchange, he can be incited somebody to action
The measurement result of C particle is sent to Alice and Bob by classical channel, and Alice and Bob passes through corresponding recovery operation at this time
This programme can be completed in (see the 5th step)；
5th step：Recovery operation, after information transmits, Alice according to Bob to particle B1, the measurement result of r and
Charlie is to the measurement result of C particle to A1Particle carries out corresponding unitary transformation to complete the purpose of long-range state preparation；With this
Meanwhile Bob according to Alice to particle to (a, A2) and Charlie to the measurement result of C particle to particle B2It carries out corresponding
Unitary operations are to restore the unknown single-particle from Alice, to complete quantum teleportation；
In above process, such as Alice is to (a, A2) measurement result be | φ0 +>, Bob is to particle B1With the survey of auxiliary particle r
Measuring result is respectively | μ0>WithCharlie is to the measurement result of particle C | 0>,
Collapse is following form by whole system at this time：
Alice is needed to A at this time1Particle executes σxIt operates, later A1Particle just reverts to | μ>=γ | 0>+δeiθ|1>, Bob is
The long-range state preparation of Alice | μ>Purpose complete；Correspondingly, Bob is to particle B2It executesOperation, B2Particle reverts toAlice is that the purpose of the unknown quantum state of Bob teleportation single-particle is reached；So far, long-range state
Preparation is fully completed with the transmission of Quantum Teleportation state.
2. a kind of quantum teleportation based on five bit brown states and the dense channel multiplexing method for encoding and depositing of quantum,
It is characterized in that following the steps below,
Sender Alice needs to send the unknown quantum state of single-particle a to recipient Bob, and at the same time, Bob holds two ratios
Special binary system classical information k will be sent to Alice, and the implementation procedure of channel multiplexing method that is entire and depositing is needed in third party
It is carried out under the control of Charlie；The unknown quantum state form of single-particle a to be transmitted is as follows：
Coefficient in above-mentioned formula meets normalizing condition | α |2+|β|2=1；
The first step：Channel prepares, and Alice, Bob and Charlie share a five bit brown state channels, the initial shape of channel
Formula is as follows：
Wherein particle A1, A2Belong to Alice, particle B1, B2Belong to Bob, particle C belongs to Charlie；In order to complete quantum teleportation
State, Alice hold a unknown single-bit quantum state a；At this point, whole system becomes following form：
Second step：Modulating-coding, after channel is ready to complete, Alice and Bob need to carry out modulation and the coding work of system, tool
Steps are as follows for body：Firstly, Bob is to the particle held to (B1,B2) carry out CNOT operation, wherein B1Particle is the control of CNOT operation
Granulation, B2Particle is controlled particle；Meanwhile Alice to the particle held to (A1, CNOT operation a) is carried out, wherein A1Particle
For the control particle of CNOT operation, a particle is controlled particle, and Alice is again to particle A later1Carry out H door operation；In addition, in order to
Encoding operation is completed, Alice and Bob arrange four kinds of unitary transformation operation U in advancei(i=0,1,2,3) binary system volume is respectively corresponded
Code message 00,01,10,11, and define U0=I, U1=σx,U2=i σy,U3=σz；The binary system that Bob is sent as needed
Coded message is to B2Particle carries out corresponding unitary operations, and whole system will become following form at this time：
According to the difference of the Bob unitary operations applied, different states can be presented in system
Third step：Measurement and transmission, after the completion of modulating-coding operation, Alice is to particle a, A1Respectively carry out single-bit base | 0>,|
1>Measurement, and measurement result is sent to Bob；In order to complete decoding operate, Bob is to B2Particle carries out unitary encoding operation
After send it to Alice, then Alice is to particle to (A2,B2) carry out the state that the measurement of Bell base determines it；At the same time,
Controlling party Charlie carries out the measurement of single-bit base to C particle, if he agrees to the information interchange of Alice and Bob, measurement
As a result Alice and Bob are sent respectively to；At this point, Alice and Bob by restoring with decoding operate (see the 4th step) i.e. accordingly
Achievable this programme；
4th step：Restore and decode, after Bob receives the measurement result of Alice and Charlie, he only needs to the B held1Grain
Son, which implements unitary operations appropriate, can restore the unknown single-particle from Alice, to complete quantum teleportation；For
The decoded portion of Alice, it is observed that particle is to (A from system expression formula2,B2) State-dependence in Bob unitary grasp
The C particle state of work and controlling party Charlie；Therefore, when Alice obtains the measurement result of C particle and particle has been determined
To (A2,B2) state after, he can get the encoded information of Bob；
In above process, if the binary-encoded message that Bob holds is k=11, he is to B2Particle implement unitary operations be
U3=σz, then system will become following form after the completion of system modulation and encoding operation：
Then, Alice is to a, A1Implement single-bit base respectively to measure and measurement result is issued Bob；Meanwhile Bob is by particle B2It passes
After giving Alice, Alice is to particle to (A2,B2) carry out the measurement of Bell base；Charlie as controlling party is needed to possessing
Particle C carries out the measurement of single-bit base, and the measurement result of C particle is sent to Alice and Bob；If the result of Charlie measurement
For | 0>, Alice is to particle to (A2,B2) measurement result be | 01>+|10>, particle a and A1Measurement result be | 00>, then it is
It unites collapse state and is：
Bob is to particle B1Implement σxOperation can restore information；Alice can determine that the binary-encoded message of Bob is k=11.
3. a kind of long-range state preparation based on five bit brown states and channel multiplexing method quantum dense coding and deposited, special
Sign is to follow the steps below,
Sender Alice needs to prepare a known single-particle state for Bob, and at the same time, Bob holds the binary system of dibit
Classical information k will be sent to Alice, and the implementation procedure of channel multiplexing method that is entire and depositing is needed third party Charlie's
Control is lower to be carried out；Single-particle quantum state form difference to be prepared is as follows：
|μ>=γ | 0>+δeiθ|1>
Coefficient in above-mentioned formula all meets normalizing condition, i.e., | γ |2+|δ|2=1；The process of long-range state preparation is referred to
State preparation step in claim 1 carries out, and the process of the dense coding of quantum is referred to the step of the dense coding in claim 2
It is rapid to carry out.
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