CN108923723B - 90-degree phase angle four-phase permanent magnet motor short-circuit fault tolerance control method based on power invariance principle - Google Patents
90-degree phase angle four-phase permanent magnet motor short-circuit fault tolerance control method based on power invariance principle Download PDFInfo
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- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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Abstract
The invention discloses a 90-degree phase angle four-phase permanent magnet motor short-circuit fault tolerance control method based on a power invariance principle, belongs to the field of multi-phase fault tolerance permanent magnet motors, and aims to solve the problems of weak motor torque output capability and large torque fluctuation when a conventional 90-degree phase angle four-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor has a one-phase short-circuit fault. The method maintains the output power of the motor unchanged by adjusting the current of other non-short-circuit phases when the motor has an end short-circuit fault. When the short-circuit fault of the switching tube occurs in the motor, the switching tube at the same position relative to the bridge arm is controlled to be conducted, and the current of other non-short-circuit phases is adjusted to maintain the output power of the motor unchanged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of multiphase fault-tolerant permanent magnet motors, and relates to a motor short-circuit fault-tolerant technology.
Background
In recent years, China vigorously develops the aerospace industry, and obtains a series of outstanding achievements in the aspects of manned aerospace, satellite communication, space exploration and the like, and the aerospace industry in China is coming to a new development period. The space servo system has high requirements on reliability and fault tolerance, however, when the traditional three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor has open-circuit or short-circuit faults of windings, the output torque of the motor can be changed violently, and even the motor cannot work. The phase redundancy characteristic of the four-phase fault-tolerant permanent magnet motor enables the four-phase fault-tolerant permanent magnet motor to have certain fault tolerance capability, and the requirements of the aerospace servo field on reliability, fault tolerance, servo performance and the like are met.
A motor phase short circuit fault is a motor fault in which a phase of a motor is short-circuited by the ends of the motor contacting each other, and is generally caused by a short circuit of the winding ends or a short circuit of an inverter power device. For a four-phase fault-tolerant permanent magnet motor, when a certain phase has a short-circuit fault, the magnetic coupling between the phases of the single-layer fractional-slot concentrated winding is small, so that the short-circuit phase current cannot be restrained by adjusting the residual phase current, and the fault phase cannot be cut off and isolated from the inverter end. Therefore, when a certain phase of the four-phase fault-tolerant permanent magnet motor has a short-circuit fault, how to realize compensation on torque by reconstructing residual phase current and how to offset the influence generated by the fault phase has a practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of weak motor torque output capacity and large torque fluctuation when a conventional 90-degree phase angle four-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor has a one-phase short circuit fault, and provides a 90-degree phase angle four-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor one-phase short circuit fault tolerance control method based on a power invariance principle.
If the mutual inductance between phases of the motor is neglected, when the short circuit fault of the winding end part occurs to any phase of the four-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor, the short circuit phase current consists of two parts: a sinusoidal steady-state current component and a transient component that decays over time.
The steady state current expression is:
in the formula:R0is a short-circuit phase winding resistance; l is0Is a short-circuit phase winding inductance; omega is the angular frequency of the motor stator current; n is the number of turns of the motor winding; k is a radical ofdpIs the motor winding factor; phipm-DIs a permanent magnetic flux coupled with the short-circuit phase winding; theta0The included angle between the short-circuit phase winding axis of the motor and the rotor permanent magnet direct axis at the zero moment.
The transient current expression is:
the steady state short circuit current produces a torque expressed as:
in the formula: e0Is the amplitude of the no-load counter potential fundamental wave of the motor; and omega is the mechanical angular speed of the motor rotor.
When the four-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor has short-circuit faults of the inverter switching tubes, the system controls the switching tubes at the same position of the opposite bridge arms to be conducted after detecting that a certain switching tube is short-circuited, so that the influence of the short-circuit faults of the inverter switching tubes on the motor is weakened, and the difficulty of subsequent fault-tolerant control is reduced. The current in the shorted phase winding is similar to when one phase winding end short fails.
The 90-degree phase angle four-phase permanent magnet motor short-circuit fault tolerance control method based on the power invariance principle comprises three schemes.
In the first scheme: the method is suitable for the condition of not restricting the magnitude of the zero sequence current and the short end part of any phase winding.
Taking D-phase winding end short circuit as an example to illustrate that when any one phase of the D-phase winding end short circuit occurs, the short circuit fault tolerance control method is as follows:
adjusting A, B, C phase winding current according to
Working to maintain the output power of the motor unchanged;
in the formula: t iseThe electromagnetic torque is the electromagnetic torque of the motor in the normal running state;
Preferably, a four-phase full-bridge inverter is adopted to supply power to the four-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor under the condition of not restricting zero-sequence current.
The second scheme is as follows: the method is suitable for the condition of not restricting the zero sequence current and any phase switch tube short part.
Taking a D-phase switching tube short circuit as an example to illustrate that when any one phase of the D-phase switching tube short circuit fault occurs, under the condition of not restricting the magnitude of the zero sequence current, the short circuit fault tolerance control method comprises the following steps:
firstly, keeping the other bridge arm in the phase D and the switching tube corresponding to the position of the short-circuit switching tube in a always-on state;
then, A, B, C phase winding current is adjusted
Working to maintain the output power of the motor unchanged;
in the formula: e0Is the amplitude of the no-load counter potential fundamental wave of the motor;
omega is the mechanical angular speed of the motor rotor;
Tethe electromagnetic torque is the electromagnetic torque of the motor in the normal running state;
Tshortthe torque generated for the short-circuit current,
R0Is a short-circuit phase winding resistance; l is0Is a short-circuit phase winding inductance; and omega is the angular frequency of the motor stator current.
Preferably, a four-phase full-bridge inverter is adopted to supply power to the four-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor.
In the third scheme: suitable for the condition of restraining zero sequence current to be zero, the winding end is short-circuited
Taking D-phase winding short circuit as an example to illustrate that when any one phase of the D-phase winding short circuit occurs, the short circuit fault tolerance control method is as follows:
adjusting A, B, C phase winding current according to
And working to maintain the output power of the motor unchanged.
Preferably, a four-phase half-bridge inverter is adopted to supply power to the four-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor under the condition that the constrained zero-sequence current is zero.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention discloses a 90-degree phase angle four-phase permanent magnet motor short-circuit fault tolerance control method based on a power invariance principle, which effectively reduces the torque fluctuation of fault-tolerant operation when a one-phase short-circuit fault occurs in a four-phase motor and ensures the minimum copper loss in a fault-tolerant operation state on the premise of ensuring the maximum output torque of the motor to be unchanged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a four-phase half-bridge inverter topology;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a four-phase full-bridge inverter topology;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the spatial arrangement of windings of a 90-degree phase-angle four-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor;
FIG. 4 is a waveform of the motor no-load torque at two faults, one phase winding short circuit and an inverter switching tube short circuit;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a short-circuit current path after switching tubes at the same position relative to a bridge arm are switched on when a short-circuit fault occurs in the switching tubes of the inverter;
FIG. 6 is a waveform diagram of short-circuit current after blocking gate driving signals when short-circuit occurs in the inverter switching tube;
FIG. 7 is a waveform diagram of the current of each phase, which is used for ensuring the smooth torque output of the motor when the A, B, C phase three-phase winding is electrified under the condition of not restricting zero-sequence current after the D phase short circuit;
FIG. 8 is a waveform diagram of the current of each phase, which is used to ensure the smooth torque output of the motor when the A, B, C phase three-phase winding is energized under the condition of restraining zero-sequence current after the D-phase short circuit according to the present invention;
fig. 9 is a torque waveform diagram of the invention without fault-tolerant control method applied after D-phase short circuit, and a torque waveform diagram compensated by the remaining A, B, C phases under the condition of no constraint/constraint zero-sequence current.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be provided with reference to the drawings and examples, so that how to apply the technical means to solve the technical problems and achieve the technical effects can be fully understood and implemented. It should be noted that, as long as there is no conflict, the embodiments and the features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other, and the technical solutions formed are within the scope of the present invention.
In the method for fault-tolerant control of the short-circuit fault of the 90-degree phase angle four-phase permanent magnet motor based on the principle of unchanged power, the situation that the instantaneous power of the four-phase motor is unchanged before and after adjustment is given.
The schematic diagram of the power supply of the 90-degree phase angle four-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor is shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2. Fig. 3 shows a winding space arrangement pattern of a 90-degree phase-angle four-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor. If the interphase magnetic coupling of the motor is not considered, when the motor has a short-circuit fault of one phase winding end, the short-circuit phase current consists of two parts: sinusoidal steady-state current components and transient components that decay with time, which are analyzed separately as follows:
(1) steady state current portion
The steady state current expression is:
(2) transient current portion
The transient current expression is:
in the formula: i isD0And the D-phase winding current value is the time when t is equal to 0.
When the short-circuit fault of the inverter switching tube occurs in the motor, the short-circuit current in the motor winding also needs to go through a transient process and a steady-state process, if the gate driving signals are blocked when the fault occurs, the transient process duration of the short-circuit current of the motor is shortened, the steady-state short-circuit current is changed into pulsating direct current, the average value is not zero, and the amplitude is obviously increased compared with the fault condition in the short-circuit fault of the phase winding. The motor no-load torque waveforms for both end short faults are shown in fig. 4.
When the short-circuit fault of the inverter switch tube occurs in the motor, if the system detects the switch tube VT in fig. 53After short circuit, the switch tube VT is blocked2、VT4Gate drive signal of (1), hold switching tube VT1In a normally open state, the current path is as shown in FIG. 5, and the forward current flows through VD1Positive electrode DC bus bar, VT3Flowing back to the motor winding with negative current via VT3And VD3Positive electrode DC bus bar, VT1And the current flows back to the motor winding, and at the moment, the current in the short-circuit phase winding is in a bidirectional flowing state similar to the short-circuit fault condition of one phase winding. Through the processing, the influence of the short-circuit fault of the inverter switching tube on the motor is weakened, and the difficulty of subsequent fault-tolerant control is reduced.
The first embodiment: the zero-sequence current is not restricted, a four-phase full bridge is adopted to supply power to the four-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor, and the end part of the D phase is short-circuited.
Under the condition of D-phase short circuit, the instantaneous electromagnetic power output by the motor is consistent with that before the fault, and then the following requirements are met:
j is the winding number of each phase, 0, 1 and 2 respectively represent the A, B and C phases.
If the windings of the motor are electrically isolated from each other, zero-sequence current under a fault-tolerant state does not need to be restricted, and on the basis of the formula, an objective function is further defined by taking the minimum copper loss as a target:
in the formula: p is the objective function, λ is the coefficient, ijFor phase winding current, j is 0, 1, 2, i.e. ijRepresenting A, B, C phase winding current;
the expression for the residual phase winding current, which can be solved by the lagrange multiplier method, is:
the four-phase fault-tolerant permanent magnet motor after short-circuit fault occurs is controlled according to the current expression, so that the output power of the motor is ensured to be unchanged before and after fault-tolerant operation; and the copper loss of the motor is minimum during fault-tolerant operation.
Second embodiment: the zero sequence current is not restricted, a four-phase full bridge is adopted, and any one D-phase switching tube is in short circuit.
Referring to fig. 2, the phase a is a full bridge inverter formed by four switching tubes, and is divided into two bridge arms, and when the upper bridge arm switching tube of the first bridge arm is short-circuited, the upper bridge arm switching tube of the second bridge arm is firstly set to be in a direct-current conducting state. Then press again
The A, B, C phase winding current is regulated.
When the full-bridge inverter switching tube has a short-circuit fault, if the gate driving signals are blocked according to the conventional processing method, the transient state process duration of the short-circuit current of the motor is shortened, the steady-state short-circuit current is changed into pulsating direct current, the average value is not zero, the amplitude is remarkably increased compared with the short-circuit fault condition of the winding end, and the waveform of the short-circuit current is shown in fig. 6. According to the processing mode, the influence of short-circuit faults is aggravated, the difficulty of fault-tolerant control is increased, the method provided by the embodiment can weaken the influence of the short-circuit faults of the inverter switching tubes on the motor, the difficulty of subsequent fault-tolerant control is reduced, and the short-circuit faults of the inverter switching tubes and the short-circuit faults of the winding end can adopt the same fault-tolerant control method.
Third embodiment: and the zero-sequence current is constrained to be zero, a four-phase half-bridge inverter is adopted to supply power to the four-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor, and the end part of the D phase is short-circuited.
In the case of a short circuit at the end of phase D, if the phase windings are electrically coupled, a constraint condition that the zero-sequence current is zero is also added, that is:
iA+iB+iC=0
the objective function defined with the minimum copper loss as the target is modified as follows:
p is an objective function, λ1And λ2Are coefficients.
The expression for the residual phase winding current, which can be solved by the lagrange multiplier method, is:
the four-phase fault-tolerant permanent magnet motor after short-circuit fault occurs is controlled according to the current expression, so that the output power of the motor is ensured to be unchanged before and after fault-tolerant operation; and the copper loss of the motor is minimum during fault-tolerant operation.
When one-phase short-circuit fault-tolerant operation is performed, the waveform of the phase current compensated under the condition of not constraining the zero-sequence current is shown in fig. 7, the waveform of the phase current compensated under the condition of constraining the zero-sequence current is shown in fig. 8, and the waveform of the torque compensated by the motor under the condition of not constraining/constraining the zero-sequence current is shown in fig. 9. When one-phase short circuit fault occurs, after compensation is carried out by adopting the method provided by the invention, the average electromagnetic torque of the motor is equivalent to that before the fault, the torque fluctuation of the motor is greatly reduced, and the fault-tolerant control effect is good.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the above descriptions are only for the convenience of understanding the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. The 90-degree phase angle four-phase permanent magnet motor short-circuit fault-tolerant control method based on the power invariance principle is characterized in that D-phase winding end short circuit is taken as an example to illustrate that when any one phase generates winding end short circuit fault, the short-circuit fault-tolerant control method is as follows under the condition of not restricting the magnitude of zero-sequence current:
adjusting A, B, C phase winding current according to
Working to maintain the output power of the motor unchanged;
in the formula: e0Is the amplitude of the no-load counter potential fundamental wave of the motor;
omega is the mechanical angular speed of the motor rotor;
Tethe electromagnetic torque is the electromagnetic torque of the motor in the normal running state;
Tshortthe torque generated for the short-circuit current,
R0Is a short-circuit phase winding resistance; l is0Is a short-circuit phase winding inductance; and omega is the angular frequency of the motor stator current.
2. The power invariance principle-based 90-degree-phase angular four-phase permanent magnet motor short-circuit fault tolerance control method according to claim 1, characterized in that a four-phase full-bridge inverter is adopted to supply power to the four-phase permanent magnet motor under the condition of not restricting zero-sequence current.
3. The 90-degree phase angle four-phase permanent magnet motor short-circuit fault tolerance control method based on the power invariance principle is characterized in that D-phase switching tube short circuit is taken as an example to illustrate that when any one phase of the D-phase switching tube short circuit fault occurs, the short-circuit fault tolerance control method is as follows under the condition of not restricting the magnitude of zero-sequence current:
firstly, keeping the other bridge arm in the phase D and the switching tube corresponding to the position of the short-circuit switching tube in a always-on state;
then, A, B, C phase winding current is adjusted
Working to maintain the output power of the motor unchanged;
in the formula: e0Is the amplitude of the no-load counter potential fundamental wave of the motor;
omega is the mechanical angular speed of the motor rotor;
Tethe electromagnetic torque is the electromagnetic torque of the motor in the normal running state;
Tshortthe torque generated for the short-circuit current,
R0Is a short-circuit phase winding resistance; l is0Is a short-circuit phase winding inductance; and omega is the angular frequency of the motor stator current.
4. The power invariant principle-based 90 ° phase angular four-phase permanent magnet motor short-circuit fault-tolerant control method according to claim 3, wherein a four-phase full-bridge inverter is adopted to supply power to the four-phase permanent magnet motor.
5. The 90-degree phase angle four-phase permanent magnet motor short-circuit fault tolerance control method based on the power invariance principle is characterized in that D-phase winding short circuit is taken as an example to illustrate that when any one phase has a winding end short-circuit fault, the short-circuit fault tolerance control method is as follows under the condition of restraining zero-sequence current to be zero:
adjusting A, B, C phase winding current according to
Working to maintain the output power of the motor unchanged;
in the formula: e0Is the amplitude of the no-load counter potential fundamental wave of the motor;
omega is the mechanical angular speed of the motor rotor;
Tethe electromagnetic torque is the electromagnetic torque of the motor in the normal running state;
Tshortthe torque generated for the short-circuit current,
R0Is a short-circuit phase winding resistance; l is0Is a short-circuit phase winding inductance; and omega is the angular frequency of the motor stator current.
6. The power invariance principle-based short-circuit fault tolerance control method for the 90-degree phase angle four-phase permanent magnet motor according to claim 5, characterized in that a four-phase half-bridge inverter is adopted to supply power to the four-phase permanent magnet motor under the condition of constraining zero-sequence current.
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