CN108923625B - Synchronous rectifier control method and circuit - Google Patents

Synchronous rectifier control method and circuit Download PDF

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CN108923625B
CN108923625B CN201810833258.8A CN201810833258A CN108923625B CN 108923625 B CN108923625 B CN 108923625B CN 201810833258 A CN201810833258 A CN 201810833258A CN 108923625 B CN108923625 B CN 108923625B
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voltage
current
tube
circuit
synchronous
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CN108923625A (en
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张正根
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H02M1/088Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H02M3/33592Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer having a synchronous rectifier circuit or a synchronous freewheeling circuit at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/145Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
    • H02M7/155Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/1555Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only with control circuit
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/145Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
    • H02M7/155Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/162Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
    • H02M7/1623Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration with control circuit
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

The invention provides a synchronous rectifier control method and a circuit, wherein the synchronous rectifier control method and the circuit comprise the following steps: a first current detection circuit which can detect current flowing signals such as CURR1 and CURR2 by means of a current transformer or a resistor, etc., through the detection circuit, wherein rising and falling edges of a waveform correspond to the time when the current starts to flow and ends; and the second voltage comparison circuit compares the voltages at two ends of the semiconductor power switch tube, such as the voltage between the drain electrode and the source electrode of the MOS tube. When the voltage meets the set condition, the comparison circuit outputs high or low level. Such as VOLT1 and VOLT 2; the synchronous control signal is to switch on or off the MOS tube at the optimal time. If the MOS tube is switched on too early or switched off too late, short circuit can be caused; the MOS tube is turned on late or turned off early, which increases the loss of the rectifier and the temperature of the device.

Description

Synchronous rectifier control method and circuit
Technical Field
The present invention relates generally to synchronous rectifier circuits, and more particularly to a novel synchronous rectifier control method and circuit suitable for use in a novel switched mode power supply.
Background
Switched mode power supplies are widely used in a variety of applications due to their light weight and high efficiency. To further improve the rectification efficiency, a synchronous rectification technique may be selected. In a switched mode power supply that does not use synchronous rectification techniques, a rectifier diode is typically used to rectify the alternating current into direct current. However, under the condition of low voltage and large current output, the conduction voltage drop of the rectifier diode is high, and the loss of the rectifier tube at the output end is particularly prominent. The conducting voltage drop of the fast recovery diode or the ultrafast recovery diode is about 1.0-1.2V. Even with a low voltage drop schottky diode, a voltage drop of about 0.6V is produced. This inevitably increases the rectification loss and reduces the power supply efficiency. Therefore, the conventional rectifier diode cannot meet the requirements of realizing high efficiency and small volume of the switching power supply with low voltage and large current, and becomes a bottleneck for restricting the efficiency improvement of the switching mode power supply.
In the synchronous rectification technology, a power MOS transistor with a very low on-resistance is used to replace a conventional rectifier diode to reduce the rectification loss. The breakover voltage Vsd of the power MOS tube is smaller and is generally only about 0.001-0.01V, so that the loss of the rectifier tube can be greatly reduced, the efficiency of the switch mode power supply is improved, and the requirements of low voltage/large current, high efficiency and small volume are met. In the synchronous rectification technology, if the MOS tube is switched on too early or switched off too late, the power supply is short-circuited; and the MOS tube is switched on too late or switched off too early, so that the voltage drop of the rectifying circuit is increased, the loss is increased, and the efficiency of the switch mode power supply is reduced. Therefore, the key problem in the synchronous rectification technology is to deal with the problems of timely conduction and timely closing of the synchronous rectification tube.
Disclosure of Invention
The core of the invention is that the generation of the synchronous control signal is realized only by detecting the current and the voltage of the synchronous rectifier tube. In the case of an LLC resonant circuit topology, the synchronous rectifiers are on the secondary side of the circuit transformer. Conventional synchronous rectification control requires the use of current information on the primary side of the isolation transformer. The transmission of the current signal is realized by using the analog isolation device, which brings about an increase in cost on one hand and inevitable transmission delay on the other hand, and influences the effect of synchronous rectification. In order to better judge when the synchronous rectifier tube is switched on and when the synchronous rectifier tube is switched off, the invention provides a novel synchronous rectification switching-on control method and a novel synchronous rectification switching-on control circuit, which are used for switching-on control of the synchronous rectifier tube of a switch mode power supply. The method and circuit can improve the reliability and efficiency of the switch mode power supply, and in the embodiment, the synchronous rectification circuit comprises: a current detection circuit which can detect current flowing signals such as CURR1 and CURR2 through a current transformer or a resistor, wherein rising and falling edges of a waveform correspond to the time when the current starts to flow and finishes; and the voltage comparison circuit compares the voltages at two ends of the semiconductor power switch tube, such as the voltage between the drain electrode and the source electrode of the MOS tube. When the voltage meets the set condition, the comparison circuit outputs high or low level; a logic processing unit circuit which performs logic operation on the output signals of the current detection circuit and the voltage comparison circuit to finally obtain a synchronous rectification control signal; and the MOS tube gate electrode driving signal is used for amplifying the synchronous rectification control signal and outputting a driving signal for driving the semiconductor switching tube so as to enable the synchronous rectification tube to be switched on or switched off at a proper moment.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of a synchronous rectification-on control circuit proposed according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a full-wave rectifier circuit for synchronous rectification on control according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 shows a current detection circuit and a variation diagram of input/output waveforms designed for implementing the MOS transistor control.
Fig. 4 shows a voltage comparison circuit and a variation diagram of input/output waveforms designed for implementing the MOS transistor control.
Fig. 5 shows a waveform diagram of voltage and current changes when a synchronous rectification MOS transistor is turned on or off according to an embodiment of the present invention:
fig. 6 shows a full-wave rectifier circuit designed by the synchronous rectifier control method of the present invention.
Fig. 7 shows a full-bridge rectifier circuit designed by the synchronous rectifier control method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings:
a control method and circuit of a synchronous rectifier comprises the following steps:
a first current detection circuit which can detect current flowing signals such as CURR1 and CURR2 by means of a current transformer or a resistor, etc., through the detection circuit, wherein rising and falling edges of a waveform correspond to the time when the current starts to flow and ends;
and the second voltage comparison circuit compares the voltages at two ends of the semiconductor power switch tube, such as the voltage between the drain electrode and the source electrode of the MOS tube. When the voltage meets the set condition, the comparison circuit outputs high or low level. Such as VOLT1 and VOLT 2;
and the third logic processing unit circuit carries out logic operation on the output signals CURR and VOLT of the current detection circuit and the voltage comparison circuit to finally obtain a synchronous rectification control signal PWM.
And the gate driving signal is used for amplifying the synchronous rectification control signal and outputting a driving signal for driving the semiconductor switch tube.
The core of the invention is that the generation of the synchronous control signal is realized only by detecting the current and the voltage of the synchronous rectifier tube. In the case of an LLC resonant circuit topology, the synchronous rectifiers are on the secondary side of the circuit transformer. Conventional synchronous rectification control requires the use of current information on the primary side of the isolation transformer. The transmission of the current signal is realized by using the analog isolation device, which brings about an increase in cost on one hand and inevitable transmission delay on the other hand, and influences the effect of synchronous rectification.
The synchronous control signal is to switch on or off the MOS tube at the optimal time. If the MOS tube is switched on too early or switched off too late, short circuit can be caused; the MOS tube is turned on late or turned off early, which increases the loss of the rectifier and the temperature of the device.
Fig. 1 shows a frame diagram of a synchronous rectification and switching-on control circuit proposed according to the present invention:
fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a full-wave rectification circuit for synchronous rectification on control according to a first embodiment of the present invention:
fig. 3 shows a current detection circuit and a variation diagram of input/output waveforms designed for implementing the MOS transistor control.
Current sensing circuit functional description
The core function of the device is to detect the current flowing through the synchronous tube, and generate a corresponding square wave signal through comparison with zero current. For example, the falling edges of a square wave represent the current start and end.
Fig. 4 shows a voltage comparison circuit and a variation diagram of input/output waveforms designed for implementing the MOS transistor control.
Voltage comparison circuit functional description
The core function of the device is to detect the difference between the drain potential and the source potential of the synchronous rectifier MOSFET, namely the Vds voltage. If the Vds voltage is less than a set value, such as 5V, the output level of the voltage comparator at this time is inverted, which indicates that the capacitance in the synchronous rectifier tube is close to a full discharge state.
Logic circuit functional description
The core function of the synchronous rectification control circuit is to generate a synchronous rectification control signal by using a current detection circuit output signal and a voltage comparison circuit output signal through certain logic operation.
Fig. 5 shows a waveform diagram of voltage and current changes when a synchronous rectification MOS transistor is turned on or off according to an embodiment of the present invention:
in this invention, to turn on the MOS transistor, two conditions must be satisfied: firstly, the Vds voltage drops below a set threshold value; second, the current flowing through the MOS transistor rises from zero.
In order to detect that the alternating voltage starts to rise from zero, a voltage comparison circuit is arranged and used for comparing a voltage value Vd of a drain electrode D of the MOS tube with a voltage value Vs of a source electrode S. In fig. 5, Vds refers to the voltage difference (Vd-Vs) between the voltage Vd of the MOS transistor and the voltage Vs. At any time, only one of the upper tube and the lower tube of the MOS tube is conducted, and the other one of the upper tube and the lower tube of the MOS tube is closed. The Vds of the conducting tube is close to zero and the Vds of the closed tube is equal to the output voltage. Immediately before the MOS transistor is turned on, the MOS transistor Vds is equal to the output voltage, and the Vds gradually decreases due to discharge of a capacitor C (a capacitor in the MOS transistor) in the circuit. When Vds continues to drop to (Vd-Vs) ≈ 0.7V, the body diode starts to conduct, and current flows through the body diode. The diode is turned on to clamp the voltage Vds. At this time, the current detection circuit detects that the current starts to flow through the signal, and the second condition of the conduction of the MOS tube is met.
And the logic processing unit circuit performs logic operation on output signals of the current detection circuit and the voltage comparison circuit to obtain a synchronous rectification control signal.
The synchronous rectification control signal is amplified to output a driving signal for driving the semiconductor switch tube, so that the MOS tube is conducted. The voltage drop Vsd of the MOS tube is close to 0, generally about 0.001-0.01V, and the rectifying tube loss of the synchronous rectification is very small.
Example one
Fig. 6 shows a full-wave rectifier circuit designed by the synchronous rectifier control method of the present invention.
Example two
Fig. 7 shows a full-bridge rectifier circuit designed by the synchronous rectifier control method of the present invention.
Embodiments of the present disclosure include an electronic device configured to perform one or more of the operations described herein. However, the embodiments are not limited thereto.
Although exemplary embodiments have been disclosed to assist in understanding the present disclosure, the embodiments are not limited thereto, but rather only by the scope of the appended claims. The embodiments may include various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the scope of the appended claims. The order of operations described in the embodiments is exemplary and may be re-ordered unless otherwise constrained. In addition, features of two or more embodiments may be combined to form new embodiments.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (2)

1. A synchronous rectifier tube opening control method is characterized in that: is realized by a current detection circuit, a voltage comparison circuit, a logic processing unit circuit and a gate pole driving signal,
the current detection circuit detects a current signal passing through the synchronous rectifier tube in a current transformer or resistance mode, and compares the current signal with zero current to generate a square wave signal, wherein the rising edge and the falling edge of the square wave correspond to the moment when the current starts to flow and ends;
the voltage comparison circuit compares the voltage between the drain electrode and the source electrode of the synchronous rectifier tube; when the voltage meets the set condition, the voltage comparison circuit outputs high or low level;
the logic processing unit circuit carries out logic operation on output signals of the current detection circuit and the voltage comparison circuit to obtain a synchronous rectification control signal;
the gate driving signal is used for amplifying the synchronous rectification control signal and outputting a driving signal for driving the synchronous rectifying tube so that the synchronous rectifying tube is switched on or switched off at a proper moment; when the voltage between the drain and the source is reduced to be below a set threshold value, the synchronous rectifier tube meets a first conduction condition, when the voltage between the drain and the source is continuously reduced to be about-0.7V, a body diode of the synchronous rectifier tube starts to be conducted, the current detection circuit detects that the current starts to rise from zero, a second conduction condition is met, and at the moment, the synchronous rectifier tube is driven to be conducted.
2. The method for controlling the turn-on of a synchronous rectifier according to claim 1, wherein: the synchronous rectifier tube is an MOS tube controlled by a gate drive signal, and the MOS tube with extremely low on-state resistance is adopted for replacing the traditional rectifier diode, so that the loss of the synchronous rectifier tube can be greatly reduced, the efficiency of the DC/DC converter is improved, and the requirements of low voltage and high current are met.
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CN113224931B (en) * 2020-01-21 2022-09-23 华为技术有限公司 Rectifier control method, device, equipment and storage medium
CN112260524B (en) * 2020-09-30 2022-05-17 中国航空工业集团公司雷华电子技术研究所 Digital power supply and synchronous rectification control method thereof

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CN101728958A (en) * 2008-11-03 2010-06-09 成都芯源系统有限公司 Method and control device for controlling isolated converter by tail current
CN102195492A (en) * 2011-05-24 2011-09-21 成都芯源系统有限公司 Synchronous rectification switching power supply and control circuit and control method thereof
CN105099233A (en) * 2014-05-15 2015-11-25 中国长城计算机深圳股份有限公司 Synchronous rectification control circuit

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CN101388611B (en) * 2008-10-23 2012-07-18 英飞特电子(杭州)有限公司 Secondary sampling current control synchronous rectifying driver circuit

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101728958A (en) * 2008-11-03 2010-06-09 成都芯源系统有限公司 Method and control device for controlling isolated converter by tail current
CN102195492A (en) * 2011-05-24 2011-09-21 成都芯源系统有限公司 Synchronous rectification switching power supply and control circuit and control method thereof
CN105099233A (en) * 2014-05-15 2015-11-25 中国长城计算机深圳股份有限公司 Synchronous rectification control circuit

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