CN1089226C - Retinal blood vessels caliber deformation intelligence detecting system and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a retinal blood vessel caliber deformation intelligence detecting system and a detecting method thereof. The system is composed of a blood vessel image penetrating/reflecting platform, a camera shooting unit, a built-in image acquiring card, a computer processing unit, an image acquiring monitor and a laser printer which are electrically connected, wherein the platform is composed of a platform base, a sliding rod, a shooting distance regulation supporting frame, an upper light source supporting frame, a lower light supporting frame, a universal lamp column, a reflecting lamp, a reflecting cover, a strip-shaped shadowless lamp, a sample bearing plate, a penetrating window and a flexible diffusion surface which are connected by screws; the camera shooting unit is formed by connecting camera shooting basal body, a microspur lens and a direct current power supply. The detecting method mainly comprises an image selection diffusion equalized illumination method, a linearized stepless amplification method and a caliber increment sign comparing method. The system has convenient conversion, regulation and operation; the present invention has accurate measurement and can obtain the accurate quantitative data of the blood vessel caliber deformation. Thus, the present invention provides intelligent means and reference for the prediction and the diagnosis of various diseases.

Description

Retinal blood vessels caliber deformation intelligence is measured system and assay method thereof

The present invention is that retinal blood vessels caliber deformation intelligence is measured system and assay method thereof, belongs to pico computer and uses and technical field of image processing.

The known a part of systemic disease of medically a large amount of clinical experiences and theory analysis, obtain in various degree reflection as meetings such as hypertensive arteriosclerosis, diabetes, chronic nephritis, coronary heart disease in the deformation of retinal blood vessels caliber, the deformation degree of measuring retinal blood vessels caliber has important medical to be worth to the prediction and the diagnosis of disease.Yet, existing ophthalmology medical science is carried out the caliber observation by means of ophthalmofundoscope or fundus camera usually to the mensuration of retinal blood vessels caliber deformation degree, have only and to differentiate the obvious caliber deformation due to the middle and late stage disease, and the blood vessels caliber miniature deformation that the disease initial stage causes just can't be judged, also with regard to unpredictable initial stage disease.Development and application along with computer technology and image processing techniques, research and mensuration to the optical fundus blood vessel parameter increase day by day, as optical fundus arteriovenous caliber its category analysis when, the arteriovenous intersection is pressed the measurements and calculations of the degree of falling into and retina focus area etc., wherein to the arteriovenous caliber than measurement and analyze the common method of the employing of Duo, promptly on the optical fundus blood vessel original-gray image, directly measure and analyze, or original-gray image is measured and analyzed through amplification to a certain degree.But amplification effect is extremely restricted, often more through amplifying, just seems smudgy more between the vessel borders of gray level image and the background.Above-mentioned commonsense method is all having problems aspect the certainty of measuring; It is to adopt the manually operated alternative to select 2 of blood vessel opposite side on original-gray image to measure caliber that a kind of method is arranged in addition, and this can bring many probabilistic artificial measurement error undoubtedly, and the prediction and the diagnosis of disease is difficult to offer precise data.

Purpose of the present invention is exactly in order to overcome and to solve existing shortcoming and the problem of measuring the existing uncertain personal error of optical fundus blood vessel caliber and still can't providing accurate numerical basis for the prediction and the diagnosis of disease, research design is a kind of can eliminate personal error, automatically to blood vessels caliber deformation carry out quantification treatment, accurately measure and calculate the retinal blood vessels caliber deformation degree, measure system and assay method thereof for the prediction of disease and diagnosis provide accurately the retinal blood vessels caliber deformation intelligence of numerical basis.

The present invention realizes by following structure technology scheme and method and technology scheme: the structural principle block diagram that retinal blood vessels caliber deformation intelligence is measured system as shown in Figure 1, the structural representation that retinal blood vessels caliber deformation intelligence is measured system is as shown in Figure 2.It is by retinal vessel image transmission/reflection platform 1, medical image unit 2, built-in image pick-up card 3, personal computer processing unit 4, image acquisition monitor 5, color display 6, laser printer 7 is electrically connected formation jointly, its interconnected relationship is that the medical image unit 2 that ccd video camera body 27 and micro-lens 28 are formed passes through shooting roll adjustment support 10, machinery slide bar 9 is fixedly connected with the pedestal 8 of retinal vessel image transmission/reflection platform, can regulate with sliding type again, and be electrically connected mutually with built-in image pick-up card 3 by image analoging signal cable 30, built-in image pick-up card 3 is electrically connected with personal computer processing unit 4 and image acquisition monitor 5 respectively mutually by image digital signal cable and image analoging signal cable respectively, and the personal computer processing unit is electrically connected with color display 6 and laser printer 7 respectively with the image digital signal cable mutually by the image analoging signal cable respectively.Wherein: the structural representation of retinal vessel image transmission/reflection platform 1 as shown in Figure 3, it is the special image platform that the balanced illumination method of diffusion among the present invention carries out the capture of blood vessel tip, it is by platform base 8, machinery slide bar 9, shooting roll adjustment support 10, no shadow light source upper bracket 11, no shadow light source lower carriage 18, universal lamppost 12,13,19,20, no shadow reflectoscope 14,15,21,22, strip shadowless lamp 24, horizontal reflector 25, universal lamppost 26, sample supporting plate 16, transmission window 17, gentle matter face 23 grades of diffusion connect and compose jointly, its interconnected relationship is: external screw thread and female thread hole platform base 8 on of mechanical slide bar 9 by its lower port matches and screws and be fastened and connected with platform base 8, no shadow light source upper bracket 11 by the active screw that can screw and unclamp respectively with the epimere and the universal lamppost 12 of mechanical slide bar 9, an end of 13 connects, no shadow reflectoscope 14,15 are separately fixed at universal lamppost 12,13 the other end, shooting roll adjustment support 10, the sample supporting plate 16 that central authorities have transmission window 17 is connected by the stage casing of active screw with mechanical slide bar 9 respectively, no shadow light source lower carriage 18 by active screw respectively with the hypomere and the universal lamppost 19 of mechanical slide bar 9, an end of 20 connects, no shadow reflectoscope 21,22 are separately fixed at universal lamppost 19,20 the other end, strip shadowless lamp 24 is installed in parallel in the medial surface of horizontal reflector 25, laterally reflector 25 is fastenedly connected with the upper end of universal lamppost 26, the lower end of universal lamppost 26 is fastened on the platform base 8 by screw, the gentle matter face 23 of diffusion is placed on the plane of platform base 8, and its centre is over against transmission window 17; Medical image unit 2 is connected and composed jointly by CCD shooting matrix 27, micro-lens 28, independent DC power supply 29, its interconnected relationship is: ccd video camera body 27 and micro-lens 28 are matched by they self the internal and external threads that is complementary, ccd video camera body 27 is fixedly connected by active screw and shooting roll adjustment support 10, video camera body 27 passes through two jacks of its end face, and is electrically connected mutually with independent direct current electric current 29 and the built-in image pick-up card that is plugged in the main frame 31 respectively with image signal cable 30 by power line respectively; Personal computer processing unit 4 is electrically connected jointly by main frame 31, keyboard 32, trace ball 33 and constitutes, and its interconnected relationship is: keyboard 32 is electrically connected with main frame 31 with auxiliary cursor signal cable by the keyboard signal cable respectively mutually with trace ball 33; Built-in image pick-up card 3 dresses are inserted on the expansion slot of main frame 31 inside, and are electrically connected mutually by the mainboard of expansion slot with main frame 31.

Retinal blood vessels caliber deformation intelligence assay method of the present invention is as follows: A, at first adopt above-mentioned to measure the retinal vessel image transmission/reflection platform of system and the camera head of medical CCD camera body and micro-lens composition looks like to carry out capture to retinal vessel photograph image and negative map, comprising: 1. the comparison film image carries out the full figure capture; 2. the comparison film image carries out local vascular and amplifies capture; 3. negative map is looked like to carry out full figure or local vascular and amplify capture totally three kinds of capture modes; B, transfer out the image simulation signal of telecommunication to computer processing unit by signal cable, the built-in image pick-up card that is inserted on the interior expansion slot of main frame is stored the image analoging signal that image unit transports, and deliver to the image acquisition monitor and carry out Real Time Observation, so that factors such as the light source of platform for video camera and focal length are carried out the optimization adjustment; C, built-in image pick-up card are transformed into image digital signal to image analoging signal simultaneously, and send into computer motherboard through expansion slot and carry out Flame Image Process and algorithm determination step, and result is delivered to color display show with laser printer and print.The capture of three kinds of shooting modes all is to adopt the balanced illumination method of diffusion, wherein: the balanced illumination process steps of the diffusion of retinal vessel photo full figure capture is: 1. enable no shadow reflectoscope 14 and at 15 o'clock, its irradiating angle moves apart outside the sample supporting plate 16, so that the gradation of image distortion that the interior any position of photograph image strong hot spot do not occur is caused; 2. be tending towards the parallel direction irradiation plane of delineation along plane with strip shadowless lamp 24, to provide balanced diffused light, the strong contrast phenomenon in the removal of images between thickness and the light and shade vascular site with sample supporting plate 16; The illumination process steps that retinograph image local blood vessel amplifies capture is: the direction in opposite directions that 1. makes no shadow reflectoscope 14 and 15 be mutually about 45 with sample supporting plate 16 planes is shone the sample supporting plate and is reached in the above photograph image, so that the amplification capture of blood vessel tip has enough strong diffused light; 2. close strip shadowless lamp 24; The capture illumination process steps of retinal vessel negative map picture is: 1. negative map is looked like to place on the plane of transmission window 17 of sample supporting plate the transmission window 17 of the center of the gentle matter face 23 of the diffusion on platform base 8 planes on it; 2. remove other background light source on the sample supporting plate 16 to strengthen transmission effects; 3. make all gentle matter faces 23 of the irradiation of direction in opposite directions at～60 ° of angles at 45 mutually of no shadow reflectoscope 21 and 22 with platform base 8; 4. the strong diffused light that utilizes the gentle matter face 23 of diffusion is through transmission window 17 upwards transmissions, so that negative map looks like that enough balanced intensities of illumination are arranged.Comprehensive, the balanced illumination method of the diffusion of retinal vessel photo and negative map picture is: photo or negative map picture are all placed on the sample supporting plate plane, to the full figure capture, provide balanced light along being tending towards parallel direction to photograph image with strip shadowless lamp 24 with sample supporting plate 16 planes, carry out the long distance focusing by micro-lens 28, obtain the full figure analog picture signal; The comparison film local vascular amplifies capture, then close strip shadowless lamp 24, only do not have shadow reflectoscope 14 and 15 and horizontal plane angle at 45 correlation photograph image, carry out low coverage focusing capture, obtain the analog picture signal that local vascular amplifies by micro-lens 28 by two high brightness on the sample supporting plate 16; To the negative map picture, only two high brightness below sample supporting plate 16 do not have shadow reflectoscope 21 and 22 with the horizontal plane of the gentle matter face 23 of diffusion at 45～60 ° of angles correlation diffusion matter face that softens in opposite directions, diffused light by the gentle matter face of diffusion looks like to provide balanced light through window to negative map, tonal distortion of removal of images hot spot and filament self imaging phenomenon and obtain the egative film analog picture signal, above-mentioned three kinds of analog picture signals that mode is obtained, all be delivered to and be inserted in the built-in image pick-up card on the expansion slot in the main frame, the image analoging signal that built-in image pick-up card is sent here image unit is stored, and simultaneously image analoging signal is become image digital signal.

Main frame is undertaken human-machine operation to the gray level image digital signal that is come by built-in image pick-up card conversion by keyboard and trace ball etc., choose partial image window after, at first carry out the image pretreatment to strengthen the difference between blood vessel and the background; Automatically implement image binaryzation and denoising purified treatment by computer, adopting the stepless enlargement method of linearize that the bianry image after image binaryzation and denoising purified treatment is carried out arbitrary integer then doubly amplifies, promptly by square pixel replacement point pixel, substitute the blockage pixel by big square pixel, formed stepped vessel boundary is carried out linearize to be handled, constitute hollow blood vessel two edges by the edge tracing process with single pixel line, obtain the middle point coordinates of each stepped line of blood vessel two edges again, connect point coordinates in each successively with broken line, the vessel boundary that obtains smoothing is to make to measure the usefulness of caliber deformation.The handling procedure flow chart of the stepless enlargement method of linearize as shown in Figure 4.The process steps of the stepless enlargement method of linearize is: the retinal vessel original-gray image that (1) is obtained computer, in screen, choose required local window, and utilization histogram equalization method is carried out the image pretreatment to strengthen picture contrast; (2) selected local window image is carried out binaryzation and purified treatment, so that blood vessel in the image and background separation, wherein the program flow diagram of the binaryzation of retinal vessel image and purified treatment as shown in Figure 5; (3) to the blood vessel binary image, the integral multiple that carries out required arbitrary number of times repeatedly amplifies, the amplification result of real core blood-vessel image, and vessel borders can be the ladder zigzag; (4) real core blood-vessel image is carried out linearize and handle, form the stepped blood vessel tube edge of forming by single pixel of hollow; (5) ask for each ladder central point in the horizontal and vertical directions, and replace stepped line, obtain the blood vessel tube edge that smoothing enlarges, for the usefulness of measuring blood vessels caliber deformation with the broken line that connects each central point.Adopting caliber increment sign relative method that the blood-vessel image of smoothing is carried out blood vessels caliber at last measures.

Caliber increment sign relative method is that at first certain of the selected tested place of the auxiliary cursor by trace ball vessel boundary is determined the virtual tangent line MN of this basic point O automatically and is made its vertical line OP by computer a bit as basic point O, obtains blood vessel opposite side intersection point P ₀, blood vessel is divided into right side (I), left side (II) two sections, ask and calculate basic point O to intersection point P ₀Length, from intersection point P ₀Work next the edge pixel point of (I) area searching of turning right, obtain the length of intersection point again to basic point, these two length are compared, if increment is a positive number greater than zero, left side (II) area searching then alters course, if increment is a negative less than zero, then should continue to distinguish next point search to this, until occurring the point of increment again greater than zero, till when increment sign promptly occurring and changing, then pixel coordinate is and the shortest caliber coordinate of basic point distance on it, calls caliber increment sign relative method repeatedly in each different basic point, just can measure the arbitrary section caliber of locating; The program flow diagram of caliber increment sign relative method as shown in Figure 6, its process steps is as follows: A, be marked with from bottom to up or the desire measuring point of selected blood vessel tube edge one side of from left to right criterion by fill-in light, this point must belong to the pixel on single pixel line tube edge, and as the basic point of algorithm, because the screen line segment is formed by the grid stroke segment unit, by checking the line segment unit classification at place, basic point place, composition and position relation that can this unit grating pixel; B, the comparison by position relation between the adjacent segments unit at basic point place place, determine the direction of the unitary virtual tangent line of basic point place line segment, virtual tangential direction according to this basic point place, generate the vertical line of this tangent line by the component relationship of grating straight line units, thereby obtain the intersecting point coordinate of blood vessel opposite side; C, obtain basic point O to intersection point P ₀Between wire length, be that the demarcation line is divided into right side (I) and left side (II) two sections to this section blood vessel with the line; D, with blueline intersection point P ₀Be starting point, the search of tube edge pixel is carried out in (I) district's pointwise to the right, obtain the connection length of basic point O, compare the length increment of this line and a last line, if increment is for turning to left side (II) area searching on the occasion of then finishing right side (I) area searching to next intersection point of tube edge; If increment is a negative value, then repeat this step D; E, same, in left side (II) district, ask for the length increment of an existing line and a last line, if increment is a negative value, search continues to carry out toward next intersection point, up to occur increment on the occasion of, then show the left side (II) district increment sign change has taken place, the previous intersecting point coordinate of increment sign change is called the blood vessels caliber coordinate of being asked, the length of itself and basic point O line is for the shortest, as the accurate measured value of the blood vessels caliber at this basic point O place; F, selected different basic point repeat the process steps of above-mentioned A～E, then can obtain the caliber quantized result of measured vessel segment, in order to relatively and judge the blood vessels caliber deformation degree.

Ultimate principle of the present invention: directly the retinal vessel original-gray image is not measured, but the image position selected window of at first desire being measured, extract this window separately out and carry out image pretreatment and image binaryzation, to form the obvious border between blood vessel and the background, then bianry image is carried out the integral multiple amplification, linearize of arbitrary number of times, image and algorithm process such as level and smooth.Under the state of the blood vessel tube edge spacing that forms enough vast scales, implement caliber search and calculating automatically, to ask for accurate quantized result.Retinal vessel image transmission/reflection platform in this mensuration system is the dedicated platform for realizing that this assay method research design comes out, owing to there are two kinds of retinal vessel image medias of different nature can supply the image unit capture, be photograph image and negative map picture, their capture mode and requirement differ greatly, must design two kinds of light-illuminating capture patterns, the comparison film image adopts reflected light capture pattern, and the negative map picture is adopted transillumination capture pattern.Because the retinal vessel image property is special, blood vessel thickness ratio difference is very big, and luminance contrast is very big, and the brightness of the trickle tip of some blood vessel is very approaching with background again.Measuring process requires can realize clear capture to the trickle tip of blood vessel, so require to have enough intensities of illumination, under the light conditions that satisfies the clear capture of the trickle tip of blood vessel, and the strong contrast of the thick highlights of blood vessel position has caused the image strong hot spot tonal distortion of area on a large scale, and directly the light source of transmission negative map picture also can cause above-mentioned similar hot spot tonal distortion phenomenon equally, thereby changeless unified light source can't adapt to the capture requirement of retinal vessel image, so specialized designs scalable micro-lens position, the angle of light source, the position, strong and weak retinal vessel image transmission/reflection platform, and adopt the balanced illumination method of diffusion to eliminate the strong light contrast phenomenon at light and shade thickness blood-vessel image position.Become analogue signal through the capture of ccd video camera body, deliver to built-in image pick-up card through signal cable and store and convert to data image signal and send into computer motherboard again and handle; Built-in image pick-up card is delivered to the image acquisition monitor to the analog picture signal that collects respectively simultaneously and is carried out field observation, and for sending into the digitized map signal that computer motherboard is handled, invention takes the stepless enlargement method of linearize to handle.Its principle is as follows: choose retinal vessel image any range local window in screen, as the square window among Fig. 7 (a), vascular site to be processed is extracted as the form of subimage with window, at first original grey image is carried out pretreatment, make the boundary sharpening more between blood vessel profile itself, blood vessel and the background; Gray level image to window carries out binaryzation and denoising processing then, obtains purified retinal vessel (real core) bianry image, as the square window of Fig. 7 (b).The formation unit of bianry image is the pixel of screen, depends on the resolution of screen; Replace pixel with pixel square, substitute blockage with big square, the integral multiple that the retinal vessel bianry image is carried out any desired times enlarges, and writes down final expansion multiple as asking the scale factor of calculating the caliber absolute dimension.The result that common real core blood vessel bianry image enlarges, its blood vessel external boundary no longer is a smoothed curve, but is the ladder zigzag, shown in Fig. 7 (c); Real core blood-vessel image is carried out linearize to be handled, promptly carry out vessel borders and follow the tracks of processing, vessel borders only is made of single pixel line, and the whole cavitations of blood vessel pixel of all the other real core segments are removed, the hollow blood vessel that is the ladder border that formation is made up of single pixel line is shown in Fig. 7 (d); Extract the break of blood vessel step edges then and label, ask for the middle point coordinates between adjacent two breaks of stepped line, obtain stepped line at the central point of level and vertical direction separately; At last the stepped line edge is carried out smoothing processing, promptly replace stepped line, obtain the blood-vessel image of the edge-smoothingization that enlarges, for the usefulness of follow-up mensuration, shown in Fig. 7 (e), (f) with the broken line that connects each central point; On the blood-vessel image basis of expansion and smoothing processing, the present invention adopts caliber increment sign relative method to carry out accurate caliber and measures.The caliber algorithm simulation sketch map of caliber increment sign relative method as shown in Figure 8.Blood vessel two tube edges are by L0 and L1 representative, its algorithm principle is as follows: the measurement basic point of selected retinal vessel, press from descending upward or criterion from left to right by the auxiliary cursor of trace ball, the tube edge pixel of choosing the desire measured place is as basic point, because after above-mentioned linearize enlarges smoothing and handles, having become by single pixel line, the blood vessel tube edge replaces, and if only if when choosing the pixel of tube edge, basic point just can come into force, and has just guaranteed that also the selected measurement point of getting must be definite tube edge point (as the O point of Fig. 8); Computer is pressed the image neighborhood relationships and is checked the unitary pixel composition of place, basic point place tube edge line segment situation.Determine the virtual tangential direction (as the MN of Fig. 8) at this tube edge place then in view of the above, and generate the vertical line (as the OP of Fig. 8) of this tangent line, intersect with the blood vessel opposite side and obtain intersecting point coordinate (as the P of Fig. 8 by the structural relation of grating straight line units ₀); Obtain wire length between basic point and the intersection point by the geometrical relationship of coordinate, being the boundary centrage with the line is divided into (I) and (II) two sections to this section blood vessel; From line intersection point P ₀Set out in the place, the search of tube edge pixel is carried out in the beginning pointwise to (I) district, obtains basic point and next tube edge intersection point P ₁Wire length (as the OP of Fig. 8 ₁), a gained wire length and a last wire length (OP ₀) compare, obtain its length increment Δ, if Δ be on the occasion of, expression caliber value in (I) district, should not finish (I) area searching, is rerouted to (II) district and searches for, if Δ is a negative value, then repeats to continue the next intersection point newly of search; Go out the tube edge intersection point (as the P of Fig. 8 at (II) area searching _-1) obtain basic point and intersection point (OP _-1) and a last wire length (OP ₀) compare, if length increment is a negative value, expression search procedure trend valley should continue the next new intersection point of search (as the P of Fig. 8 _-2) or the like, till the length increment Δ of trying to achieve is positive, show that increment sign begins to change, wire length breaks away from valley, an intersecting point coordinate before then symbol changes is just represented the blood vessels caliber coordinate, the wire length of itself and basic point is for the shortest, and this is the accurate value of basic point place blood vessels caliber.At the vessel segment of caliber deformation, choose different basic points, repeat above-mentioned principle and process, then can finish the blood vessels caliber quantization step of the section of survey by computer automatically, be used for the deformation degree of comparison and judgement blood vessels caliber.

The present invention compared with prior art has following advantage and beneficial effect: (1) native system cooperates the balanced illumination method of diffusion by same special-purpose capture platform, can realize capture respectively to retinal vessel photograph image and negative map picture, and the conversion and regulate easy and simple to handle; (2) at the great characteristics of luminance contrast of thickness in the retinal vessel image and light and shade vascular site, the present invention has taked different measure to realize balanced illumination respectively to full figure capture and local amplification capture, overcome the contradiction that the illuminance of bright dark vascular site in the full figure capture is difficult to take into account, also promptly: when providing enough light intensities to make the fine tip of blood vessel be able to clear capture, the bright position of blood vessel has been crossed because of illumination and has been occurred the tonal distortion of hot spot shape by force; Otherwise when the bright position of blood vessel was provided with suitable intensity of illumination, then the trickle tip position of blood vessel was not enough smudgy because of illumination again.The strip diffused light that the present invention is taked full figure capture process shines mode, has weakened the luminance contrast phenomenon between the bright dark vascular site greatly, makes both obtain taking into account, and obtains balanced capture effect; (3) amplify capture for local vascular, owing to be mostly to extract the fine tip of blood vessel position, the illuminance that seems by contrast deficiency.The present invention amplifies the illumination mode that the capture process is taked sufficient intensity to the part, based on local vascular among a small circle, neither can mix the hot spot tonal distortion as the full figure capture, has guaranteed the illuminance that clear capture is required again; (4) for the egative film capture, one confrontational direct light source transmission mode, the present invention takes indirect balanced illumination method, do news media by the gentle face of diffusion, the diffused light of equalization is transmitted to the negative map picture, make the egative film can clear capture under the balanced illumination of sufficient intensity, avoided the hot spot tonal distortion that the high brightness position in the direct light source looks like to cause to negative map and the imaging phenomenon of filament self; (5) the stepless enlargement method of linearize of the present invention is not directly the retinal vessel original-gray image to be measured, but by image processing techniques, becomes the clearly demarcated bianry image in border between blood vessel and the background; Again bianry image is expanded to enough big degree on this basis, and further do sliding processing of border linearize peace, constitute the blood vessel tube edge with single pixel line relation, thereby guaranteed the blood vessel tube edge is measured the certainty that basic point is chosen, eliminate artificial randomness error, guaranteed accurate measurement; (6) caliber increment sign relative method of the present invention, be that value connects the optimal value search that realizes caliber by geometry mensuration relation by computer automatically, the result of gained has represented unique exact value of institute's measuring point place caliber, its precision is only relevant with the resolution of screen, has eliminated the personal error in the mensuration process fully; (7) estimation algorithm of above-mentioned automatic search can be used as a kind of subprocess each tested place is called repeatedly, asks for the precise quantification data of vessel segment deformation situation.Can provide a kind of special project intelligent means for the prediction that comprises common diseases such as hypertensive arteriosclerosis, diabetes, chronic nephritis, coronary heart disease and diagnosis, for medical research and medical diagnosis provide quantitative basis.

Below Figure of description is further specified as follows: Fig. 1 measures the structural principle block diagram of system for retinal blood vessels caliber deformation; Fig. 2 measures the system structure sketch map for retinal blood vessels caliber deformation; Fig. 3 is the retinal vessel image transmission/reflection platform structure sketch map of this mensuration system; Fig. 4 is the handling procedure flow chart of the stepless enlargement method of linearize of the present invention; Fig. 5 is image binaryzation and the purified treatment program flow diagram in the stepless enlargement method of linearize of the present invention; Fig. 6 is the program flow diagram of caliber increment sign relative method of the present invention; The retinal vessel image caliber of the present invention of Fig. 7 is the algorithm steps exemplary plot of mensuration accurately; (a) is that original optical fundus gray level image (b) is that binary image (c) is the enlarged image of the vessel segment that will measure among Fig. 7, is single pixel linearize image (d), (e) is the edge-smoothing image, (f) is four measuring points diagrams of caliber; Fig. 8 is the caliber algorithm simulation sketch map of caliber increment sign relative method of the present invention.Among each figure: 1 is retinal vessel image transmission/anti-transmission platform, and 2 is medical image unit, and 3 is built-in image pick-up card, 4 is the personal computer processing unit, and 5 is the image acquisition monitor, and 6 is color display, 7 for swashing photoprinter, and 8 is platform base, and 9 is mechanical slide bar, 10 are shooting roll adjustment support, and 11 are no shadow light source upper bracket, 12,13,19,20 are universal lamppost, 14,15,21,22 are no shadow reflectoscope, 16 is the sample supporting plate, and 17 is transmission window, and 18 are no shadow light source lower carriage, 23 are the gentle matter face of diffusion, 24 is the strip shadowless lamp, and 25 is horizontal reflector, and 26 is universal lamppost, 27 are CCD shooting matrix, 28 is micro-lens, and 29 is independent DC power supply, and 30 is image signal cable, 31 is main frame, 32 is keyboard, and 33 is trace ball, LO, L1 is blood vessel two tube edges, MN is the tube edge tangent line that O is ordered, O is for measuring basic point, and OP is the vertical line of tangent line MN, P ₀, P ₁, P ₂, P _-1, P _-2, P _-3Be the intersection point on pixel scounting line and blood vessel limit.

Embodiments of the present invention are as follows: (1) is by shown in Figure 3, each parts of design and employing metal, plastic or other material processing and fabricating retinal vessel image transmission/reflection platform, by the described interconnected relationship of top description, and be connected and installed with movable screw, wherein: the micro-lens 28 of purchase socket-connects by the volution of himself and the CCD shooting matrix 27 of purchase, the shooting matrix is by the movable screw installation that is connected with shooting roll adjustment support 10, and the roll adjustment support of making a video recording is by the movable screw installation that is connected with mechanical slide bar 9; No shadow reflectoscope power can be with 40 watts, and strip does not have shadow power can be with 8 watts, and the diffusion non-smooth printed paperboard of the available ecru of matter face that softens, medical video camera body adopt MTV-1802CB type CCD pick-up lens, adapted 8mm micro-lens; (2) press the described annexation of top description each electric component shown in Figure 2, by electric connecting relation shown in Figure 1, by the corresponding signal cable, or slot is connected in the machine, constitutes complete this mensuration system.Wherein, personal computer adopts 486 types, and built-in image pick-up card adopts the DH512B-PRO type, and image acquisition monitor and color display all adopt 12 cun screens, and laser printer adopts HP series laser printer; (3) adopt the C language to work out all kinds of handling procedures by Fig. 4, program flow diagram shown in Figure 5; (4) operate by the described capture step of top description and computer is handled automatically by algorithm routine, just can realize the present invention.As embodiments of the invention, the retinal vessel bianry image in Fig. 7 (b) window, the print result after caliber is handled automatically and measured is shown in Fig. 7 (f), (X1, Y1～X2 Y2) are followed successively by (152 to the caliber coordinate relation at A to the D place of gained, 97～158,100), (218,120～222,131), (63,180～68,190), (108,202～120,206).

Claims (5)

1, a kind of retinal blood vessels caliber deformation intelligence is measured system, it is characterized in that it is by retinal vessel image transmission/reflection platform (1), medical image unit (2), built-in image pick-up card (3), personal computer processing unit (4), image acquisition monitor (5), color display (6), the common electric formation of laser printer (7), its interconnected relationship is: the medical image unit (2) that ccd video camera body (27) and micro-lens (28) are formed is by shooting roll adjustment support (10), the pedestal of machinery slide bar (9) and retinal vessel image transmission/reflection platform (1) is fixedly connected and can regulates with sliding type, and be electrically connected mutually with built-in image pick-up card (3) by image analoging signal cable (30), built-in image pick-up card (3) is electrically connected with personal computer processing unit (4) and image acquisition monitor (5) respectively mutually by image digital signal cable and image analoging signal cable respectively, and the personal computer processing unit is electrically connected with color display (6) and laser printer (7) respectively with the image digital signal cable mutually by the image analoging signal cable respectively; Wherein: retinal vessel image transmission/reflection platform (1) is by platform base (8), machinery slide bar (9), shooting roll adjustment support (10), no shadow light source upper bracket (11), no shadow light source lower carriage (18), universal lamppost (12), (13), (19), (20), no shadow reflectoscope (14), (15), (21), (22), strip shadowless lamp (24), horizontal reflector (25), universal lamppost (26), sample supporting plate (16), transmission window (17), the gentle matter face (23) of diffusion etc. connects and composes jointly, its interconnected relationship is: mechanical slide bar (9) by its lower port external screw thread and platform base (8) thus on the female thread hole match to screw and be fastened and connected with platform base (8), no shadow light source upper bracket (11) by the active screw that can screw and unclamp respectively with the epimere and the universal lamppost (12) of mechanical slide bar (9), (13) a end connects, no shadow reflectoscope (14), (15) be separately fixed at universal lamppost (12), (13) the other end, shooting roll adjustment support (10), the sample supporting plate (16) that central authorities have transmission window (17) is connected by the stage casing of active screw with mechanical slide bar (9) respectively, no shadow light source lower carriage (18) by active screw respectively with the hypomere and the universal lamppost (19) of mechanical slide bar (9), (20) a end connects, no shadow reflectoscope (21), (22) be separately fixed at universal lamppost (19), (20) the other end, strip shadowless lamp (24) is installed in parallel in the medial surface of horizontal reflector (25), laterally reflector (25) is fastenedly connected with the upper end of universal lamppost (26), the lower end of universal lamppost (26) is fastened on the platform base (8) by screw, the gentle matter face (23) of diffusion is placed on the plane of platform base (8), and its centre is over against transmission window (17); Medical image unit (2) is by CCD shooting matrix (27), micro-lens (28), independent DC power supply (29) connects and composes jointly, its interconnected relationship is: ccd video camera body (27) and micro-lens (28) are matched by they self the internal and external threads that is complementary, ccd video camera body (27) also is fixedly connected by active screw and shooting roll adjustment support (10), two jacks of video camera body (27) by its end face, and respectively by power line and image signal cable (30) respectively with independent DC power supply (29) be plugged in the interior built-in image pick-up card of main frame (31) and be electrically connected mutually; Personal computer processing unit (4) is electrically connected formation jointly by main frame (31), keyboard (32), trace ball (33), and its interconnected relationship is: keyboard (32) is electrically connected with main frame (31) with auxiliary cursor signal cable by the keyboard signal cable respectively mutually with trace ball (33); Built-in image pick-up card (3) dress is inserted on the inner expansion slot of main frame (31), and is electrically connected mutually by the mainboard of expansion slot with main frame (31).

2, a kind of retinal blood vessels caliber deformation intelligence assay method, it is characterized in that: A, its camera head of at first adopting the retinal vessel image transmission/reflection platform of mensuration as claimed in claim 1 system and medical CCD camera body and micro-lens to form look like to carry out capture to retinal vessel photograph image and negative map, and comprising: the comparison film image carries out the full figure capture; The comparison film image carries out local vascular and amplifies capture; Negative map is looked like to carry out full figure or local vascular amplify capture totally three kinds of capture modes; B, camera head transfer out the image simulation signal of telecommunication by signal cable to computer processing unit, dress is inserted in the image analoging signal that the built-in image pick-up card on the expansion slot is sent here image unit in the main frame and stores, and deliver to the image acquisition monitor and carry out Real Time Observation, so that factors such as the light source of platform for video camera and focal length are carried out the optimization adjustment; C, built-in image pick-up card are transformed into image digital signal to image analoging signal simultaneously, and carry out Flame Image Process and algorithm determination step through the expansion slot computer motherboard of making a gift to someone, and result is delivered to color display show with laser printer and print; The capture of three kinds of shooting modes is to adopt the balanced illumination method of diffusion, it is that photo or negative map picture are all placed on the sample supporting plate plane, provide balanced light along being tending towards parallel direction to photograph image with strip shadowless lamp (24) to the full figure capture with sample supporting plate (16) plane, carry out long distance focusing capture by micro-lens (28), obtain the full figure analog picture signal; The comparison film local vascular amplifies capture, then close strip shadowless lamp (24), only there is not shadow reflectoscope (14) and (15) and horizontal plane angle at 45 correlation photograph image in opposite directions by two high brightness on the sample supporting plate (16), carry out low coverage focusing capture by micro-lens (28), obtain the analog picture signal that local vascular amplifies; To negative map as capture, only by two high brightness below the sample supporting plate (16) do not have shadow reflectoscope (21) and (22) at 45 with the horizontal plane of the gentle matter face (23) of diffusion～60 ° of angles correlation diffusion matter face that softens in opposite directions, diffused light by gentle matter face looks like to provide balanced light through window to negative map, tonal distortion of removal of images hot spot and filament self imaging phenomenon, obtain the egative film analog picture signal, above-mentioned three kinds of analog picture signals that mode is obtained, all be delivered to the built-in image pick-up card that is inserted on the main frame internal expansion slots, the image analoging signal that built-in image pick-up card is sent here image unit is stored, and simultaneously image analoging signal is become image digital signal; Main frame at first carries out the image pretreatment to the gray level image digital signal that comes by built-in image pick-up card conversion to strengthen the difference between blood vessel and the background; Carry out human-machine operation by keyboard and trace ball etc. again, after choosing partial image window, automatically implement image binaryzation and denoising processing by computer, adopting the stepless enlargement method of linearize that the bianry image after image binaryzation and denoising purified treatment is carried out arbitrary integer then doubly amplifies, promptly by square pixel replacement point pixel, substitute the blockage pixel by big square pixel, again formed stepped vessel boundary being carried out linearize handles, constitute hollow blood vessel two edges by the edge tracing process with single pixel line, obtain the middle point coordinates of each stepped line of blood vessel two edges again, connect point coordinates in each successively with broken line, obtain the vessel boundary of smoothing, adopting caliber increment sign relative method that the blood-vessel image of smoothing is carried out blood vessels caliber at last measures, its at first certain of the selected tested place of the auxiliary cursor by trace ball vessel boundary a bit as basic point O, automatically determine the coordinate tangent line MN of this basic point O and make its vertical line OP by computer, obtain blood vessel opposite side intersection point P ₀, blood vessel is divided into right side (I), left side (II) two sections, ask and calculate basic point O to intersection point P ₀Length, from intersection point P ₀Work next the edge pixel point of (I) area searching of turning right, obtain the length of intersection point again to basic point, these two length are compared, if increment is a positive number greater than zero, left side (II) area searching then alters course, if increment is a negative less than zero, then should continue to distinguish next point search to this, until the point of increment occurring greater than zero, till increment sign promptly occurring and changing, then pixel coordinate is and the shortest blood vessels caliber coordinate of basic point distance on it, calls caliber increment sign relative method repeatedly in each different basic point, just can measure the caliber at arbitrary section blood vessel place.

3, by the described retinal blood vessels caliber deformation intelligence assay method of claim 2, the process steps that it is characterized in that the balanced illumination method of diffusion of described retinal vessel photo full figure capture is: A, when enabling no shadow reflectoscope (14) and (15), its irradiating angle moves apart outside the sample supporting plate (16), so that the gradation of image distortion that the interior any position of photograph image strong hot spot do not occur is caused; B, be tending towards the parallel direction irradiation plane of delineation along plane with strip shadowless lamp (24), to provide balanced diffused light, the strong contrast phenomenon in the removal of images between thickness and the bright dark vascular site with sample supporting plate (16); The illumination process steps that retinograph image local blood vessel amplifies capture is: A, the irradiation of the direction in opposite directions sample supporting plate that makes no shadow reflectoscope (14) and (15) and sample supporting plate (16) plane be mutually about 45 reach photograph image in the above, so that the amplification capture of blood vessel tip has enough strong diffused light; B, close strip shadowless lamp (24); The capture illumination process steps of retinal vessel negative map picture is: 1. negative map is looked like to place on the plane of transmission window (17) of sample supporting plate the transmission window (17) of the center of the gentle matter face (23) of the diffusion on platform base (8) plane on it; 2. remove other background light source on the sample supporting plate (16) to strengthen transmission effects; 3. make all gentle matter faces (23) of the irradiation of direction in opposite directions diffusion at～60 ° of angles at 45 mutually of no shadow reflectoscope (21) and (22) with platform base (8); 4. the strong diffused light that utilizes the gentle matter face (23) of diffusion is through upwards transmission of transmission window (17), so that negative map looks like to have the balanced illumination of sufficient intensity.

4, by the described retinal blood vessels caliber deformation intelligence assay method of claim 2, the process steps that it is characterized in that the stepless enlargement method of described linearize is: A, to the retinal vessel original-gray image that computer is obtained, choose required local window in screen; B, obtained local window image is carried out binary conversion treatment, so that blood vessel in the image and background separation, the integral multiple that the blood vessel binary image is carried out repeatedly required arbitrary number of times amplifies, and the amplification result of real core blood-vessel image can make vessel borders be the ladder zigzag; C, real core blood-vessel image is carried out linearize handle, form the stepped blood vessel tube edge of forming by single pixel of hollow; D, ask for each ladder central point in the horizontal and vertical directions, and replace stepped line, obtain the blood vessel tube edge that smoothing enlarges with the broken line that connects each central point.

5, by the described retinal blood vessels caliber deformation intelligence assay method of claim 2, the process steps that it is characterized in that described caliber increment sign relative method is as follows: A, be marked with from bottom to up or the desire measuring point of selected blood vessel tube edge one side of from left to right criterion with fill-in light, it is single as the pixel on the bands tube edge and as the basic point of algorithm that this point must belong to; B, by the virtual tangential direction of computer according to this basic point place, generate the vertical line of this tangent line by the collinear component relationship of grating, thereby obtain the intersecting point coordinate of blood vessel opposite side; C, obtain basic point O to intersection point P ₀Between wire length, be that the demarcation line is divided into right side (I) and left side (II) two sections to this section blood vessel with the line; D, with blueline intersection point P ₀Be starting point, the search of tube edge pixel is carried out in (I) district's pointwise to the right, obtain the connection length of basic point O, compare the length increment of this line and a last line, if increment is for turning to left side (II) area searching on the occasion of then finishing right side (I) area searching to next intersection point of tube edge; If increment is a negative value, then repeats this step D and continue search; E, same, in left side (II) district, ask for the length increment of an existing line and a last line, if increment is a negative value, search continues to carry out toward next intersection point, up to occur increment on the occasion of, then show the left side (II) district increment sign change has taken place, the previous intersecting point coordinate of increment sign change is called the blood vessels caliber coordinate of being asked, the length of itself and basic point O line is for the shortest, as the accurate measured value of the blood vessels caliber at this basic point O place; F, selected different basic point repeat the process steps of above-mentioned A～E, then can obtain the caliber quantized result of measured vessel segment, in order to relatively and judge the blood vessels caliber deformation degree.

Images