CN108919844A - A kind of real-time solution concentration automatic control system of chemical reaction rate - Google Patents

A kind of real-time solution concentration automatic control system of chemical reaction rate Download PDF

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CN108919844A
CN108919844A CN201810459883.0A CN201810459883A CN108919844A CN 108919844 A CN108919844 A CN 108919844A CN 201810459883 A CN201810459883 A CN 201810459883A CN 108919844 A CN108919844 A CN 108919844A
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向勇
吴帅
闫宗楷
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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    • G05D11/13—Controlling ratio of two or more flows of fluid or fluent material characterised by the use of electric means
    • G05D11/139—Controlling ratio of two or more flows of fluid or fluent material characterised by the use of electric means by measuring a value related to the quantity of the individual components and sensing at least one property of the mixture
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Abstract

本发明涉及化学反应溶液浓度控制领域湿法化学领域，具体涉及一种化学反应速率实时溶液浓度自动控制系统，基于电化学方法。本发明通过电化学离子浓度检测器将溶液实时浓度微弱变化转化为微小电信号，微小电信号经过运算放大器与调节电阻组成的简单放大电路放大并反馈给控制器，简化了检测信号模块的结构，并极大增加了对浓度微弱变量的检测灵敏度。从电化学离子浓度检测器检测到离子浓度的微弱变化到控制器根据运算放大器反馈的电信号去控制各电子阀门的开关，整个反应动作过程时间小于1秒，从而达到快速、准确控制反应溶液浓度、液面的目的，缩短了从检测到浓度变化信号到控制器进行操作的整个周期。

The invention relates to the field of wet chemistry in the field of chemical reaction solution concentration control, in particular to a real-time solution concentration automatic control system for chemical reaction rate, which is based on an electrochemical method. The present invention converts the weak change of the real-time concentration of the solution into a tiny electrical signal through the electrochemical ion concentration detector, and the tiny electrical signal is amplified and fed back to the controller through a simple amplifier circuit composed of an operational amplifier and an adjustable resistor, which simplifies the structure of the detection signal module. And greatly increased the detection sensitivity of the concentration of weak variables. From the weak change of ion concentration detected by the electrochemical ion concentration detector to the controller controlling the switching of each electronic valve according to the electrical signal fed back by the operational amplifier, the entire reaction time is less than 1 second, so as to achieve rapid and accurate control of the concentration of the reaction solution , The purpose of the liquid level shortens the entire cycle from the detection of the concentration change signal to the operation of the controller.

Description

A kind of real-time solution concentration automatic control system of chemical reaction rate
Technical field
The present invention relates to chemical reaction solution concentration control field wet chemistry fields, and in particular to a kind of chemical reaction speed The real-time solution concentration automatic control system of rate is based on electrochemical method.
Background technique
Since wet chemistry reaction rate is usually determined by factors such as the concentration of reactant and product, reaction temperatures jointly It is fixed, for the chemical reaction for needing to keep material deposition rate constant for a long time, need involved in stringent accurate control reaction The concentration of substance needs the addition and discharge of real-time measurement and feedback-system section solution to this.
Traditional solution concentration control method is mostly after artificially measuring solution concentration, and by calculating titration manually, addition is determined Solution or solute to be measured to reach a certain concentration, is not only taken time and effort, also there is certain hysteresis quality, error is also bigger, and The sensitivity for measuring the variation of effects of ion concentration is relatively low.
And the realization mechanism of the signal detection module of existing automatic control system causes its structure relative complex, from detecting The whole cycle that concentration variable signal is operated to controller is also relatively long.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned there are problem or deficiency, structure is complicated to solve detection signaling module in existing automatic control system with And manipulation period longer technical problem, the present invention provides a kind of real-time solution concentrations of chemical reaction rate to automatically control system System is based on electrochemical method.
The real-time solution concentration automatic control system of chemical reaction rate includes：Electrochemical ion concentration detector, operation are put Big device, controller, electronic valve, reaction tank, replenishing basin, reference cell and waste liquid pool.
Electrochemical ion concentration detector has 2, is respectively placed in reaction tank and reference cell, by reaction tank and reference cell Middle solution ion concentration variation is converted into two electrode potential difference signals and exports to external circuit.The electrochemical ion Concentration Testing Device includes indicator electrode and reference electrode two parts, and the non-inverting input terminal of indicator electrode and operational amplifier in reaction tank connects It connects, the inverting input terminal connection of indicator electrode and operational amplifier in reference cell；Reference electrode connects with operational amplifier Ground terminal connection.
Electronic valve is mounted in the connecting pipe between replenishing basin and reaction tank and between reaction tank and waste liquid pool Connecting pipe in, when needing anaplerotic reaction solution, controlled between replenishing basin and reaction tank in connecting pipe by controller Electronic valve is opened, and when needing that waste liquid is discharged, controls the electronics between reaction tank and replenishing basin in connecting pipe by controller Valve is opened.
The non-inverting input terminal of operational amplifier is through adjusting resistance R1It is connect with indicator electrode in reaction tank, through adjusting resistance R2 It is connect with output end；Inverting input terminal is connect with indicator electrode in reference cell and controller respectively；Ground terminal respectively with reaction tank, Reference electrode connection in reference cell, the potential difference signal that electrochemical ion concentration detector is fed back is amplified and exports feedback To controller.
Controller is programmable logic controller (PLC), respectively with operational amplifier inverting input terminal, output end and each electronics Valve connection, can control the switch time of each electronic valve according to the potential difference signal of operational amplifier feedback.
The solution of reactant is housed in reaction tank, passes through the connecting pipe benefit with top respectively equipped with controlled electron valve It is connected to the waste liquid pool of pond and lower section, solution flows under the effect of gravity when electronic valve is opened, in replenishing basin communicates therewith Reaction tank, solution flows to the waste liquid pool communicated therewith under the effect of gravity in reaction tank.
The single concentrated solution of each reactant is housed in replenishing basin；It is equipped in reference cell and reaches anti-needed for goal response rate Answer the reactant solution of object concentration；Waste liquid pool is used to receive the waste liquid of storage reaction pond discharge.
The concentration offsets mechanism of the real-time solution concentration automatic control system of chemical reaction rate is as follows：
The reaction following for reaction equation
MA+nB=qC (precipitating or deposition plating)+rD
A, B is two kinds of reaction solutions, and m, the corresponding reaction coefficient of n, q, r A, B, C, D, C is reaction product, if supplement Solution A concentration be N1, volume V1；The B solution concentration of supplement is N2, volume V2；The ion concentration of solution A in reference cell For N0；Liquid volume is V in reaction tank0；The volume that solution is discharged is V3；Electrochemical ion concentration detector indicates in reaction tank The current potential of electrode is Ut, with UtCorresponding solution A concentration is Nt；Electrochemistry electrochemical ion concentration detector indicates in reference cell The current potential of electrode is U0；Operational amplifier output terminal current potential is U.
Had according to electric circuit knowledgeI.e.
Since the amount of A and B in reaction tank solution is with m:The ratio of n gradually decreases, then should have for make-up solution：
Enable V1=V2, thenIn order to keep liquid level constant, then there should be V3=V1+V2=2V1, according to electrochemistry electricity The principle of position method measured ion concentration, if solution A concentration and indicator electrode electric potential relation are N in solutiont=f (Ut), in order to reach phase Same reaction rate, should ensure that solution A concentration is equal with solution A concentration in reference cell in reaction tank, then should have：
N1*V1=(N0-f(Ut))*V0+V3*f(Ut) ①
V3=2V1Bringing above formula into can obtain：
The present invention converts small electrical signals for the faint variation of solution real-time concentration by electrochemical ion concentration detector, Controller is amplified and fed back to small electrical signals by the simple amplifying circuit of operational amplifier and adjusting resistance composition, simplifies The structure of signaling module is detected, and the detection sensitivity to the faint variable of concentration has been significantly greatly increased.It is examined from electrochemical ion concentration It surveys device and detects that the faint controller that changes to of ion concentration goes to control each electronic valve according to the electric signal of operational amplifier feedback The switch of door, it is entire react the action process time less than 1 second, thus reach quickly, accurately control reaction solution concentration, liquid level Purpose is shortened from the whole cycle for detecting that concentration variable signal is operated to controller.
In conclusion compared with prior art, the present invention realizes the simplification of detection signaling module structure and shortens behaviour Make the effect of period promotion working efficiency.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the block schematic illustration of embodiment；
Appended drawing reference：1- electrochemical ion concentration detector, 2- indicator electrode, 3- reference electrode, 4- operational amplifier, 5- Controller, 6- electronic valve, 7- reaction tank, 8- replenishing basin, 9- reference cell, 10- waste liquid pool.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Real-time concentration is converted electric signal by electrochemical ion concentration detector, becomes small electrical signals through operational amplifier The switch time of each electronic valve and sequence are controlled after changing amplification, controller processing, to reach quick, accurately control Reaction solution concentration, the purpose of liquid level.
1, for precipitation reaction, by taking the reaction of laboratory caustic soda as an example, reaction equation is Ca (OH)2+Na2CO3=CaCO3+ 2NaOH, wherein Na+And OH-Reaction is not participated in, and the Ca (OH) of high concentration is respectively charged into replenishing basin2、Na2CO3Two kinds of solution, The Ca (OH) of concentration needed for reaching required reaction rate is packed into reference cell2Solution, as reaction carries out, product CaCO3Start It deposits, Ca in reaction tank solution2+And CO3 2-Amount be gradually reduced, therefore to supplement Ca (OH)2、Na2CO3Two kinds of solution.We are false If the Ca (OH) of supplement2、Na2CO3Solution concentration is respectively N1、N2；Volume is respectively V1、V2；The ion of solution A is dense in reference cell Degree is N0；Liquid volume is V in reaction tank0；The volume that solution is discharged is V3；Electrochemical ion concentration detector refers in reaction tank The current potential for showing electrode is Ut；Corresponding Ca2+Ion concentration is Nt；Electrochemical ion concentration detector indicator electrode in reference cell Current potential is U0；Operational amplifier output terminal current potential is U.
As shown in the picture, had according to electric circuit knowledgeI.e.This The variation of the electric potential signal due to caused by the minor change of certain ion concentration in reaction tank is just exaggerated by sampleTimes, controller By carrying out judgement to operational amplifier output valve to substantially increase the reaction speed that controller changes concentration in reaction tank Degree.
Since the amount of A and B in reaction tank solution is with 1:1 ratio gradually decreases, then should have for make-up solution：
In order to make problem reduction, V is enabled1=V2, then N1=N2, in order to keep liquid level constant, then should have V3=V1+V2=2V1, According to the principle of electrochemical potentials method measured ion concentration, if Ca in solution2+Ion concentration and indicator electrode electric potential relation are Nt=f (Ut), in order to reach identical reaction rate, it should ensure that solution ion concentration in reaction tank effects of ion concentration and reference cell It is equal, then should have：
N1*V1=(N0-f(Ut))*V0+V3*f(Ut) ①
V3=2V1Bringing above formula into can obtain：
It is worth noting that, in order to make V1It is small as far as possible, N1It is big as far as possible.
In conclusion in the case where supply solution concentration is proportional, due to the stream in the connecting pipe unit time Amount be it is certain, controller only need according to above-mentioned relation control electronic valve switching sequence and time displaced volume be V3's Reaction solution, supplement volume are V1Ca (OH)2Solution and volume are V2Na2CO3Solution, that is, can reach quickly, accurately control Solution concentration, the purpose of liquid level in reaction tank.
2. the reaction for more typically property, such as
MA+nB=qC (precipitating or deposition plating)+rD
Its reaction rate should have following relationship:
F(N0)=F (Nt') wherein Nt' refer to and to realize identical reaction rate, A needs reaction density to be achieved, then on 1. face formula can be rewritten as:
N1*V1=(Nt’-N0)*V0+(N0-f(Ut))*V0+V3*f(Ut)
=(Nt’-Nt)*V0+V3*Nt
If enabling V1=V2, and the make-up solution concentration ratio of solution A and B solution is m/n, then has
V3=V1+V2
The reaction solution volume that should be supplemented is

Claims (2)

1.一种化学反应速率实时溶液浓度自动控制系统，其特征在于：1. A real-time solution concentration automatic control system for chemical reaction rate, characterized in that: 包括：电化学离子浓度检测器、运算放大器、控制器、电子阀门、反应池、补给池、参考池和废液池；Including: electrochemical ion concentration detector, operational amplifier, controller, electronic valve, reaction pool, supply pool, reference pool and waste pool; 电化学离子浓度检测器有2个，分别置于反应池和参考池中，以将反应池和参考池中溶液离子浓度变化转化为两电极电势差信号并输出给外电路；所述电化学离子浓度检测器包括指示电极和参考电极两部分，反应池中的指示电极与运算放大器的同相输入端连接，参考池中的指示电极与运算放大器的反相输入端连接；参考电极均与运算放大器的接地端连接；There are two electrochemical ion concentration detectors, which are respectively placed in the reaction cell and the reference cell, so as to convert the change of the ion concentration of the solution in the reaction cell and the reference cell into a two-electrode potential difference signal and output it to the external circuit; the electrochemical ion concentration The detector consists of an indicator electrode and a reference electrode. The indicator electrode in the reaction cell is connected to the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier, and the indicator electrode in the reference cell is connected to the inverting input of the operational amplifier; the reference electrode is connected to the ground of the operational amplifier. terminal connection; 电子阀门，安装在补给池与反应池之间的连接管道中，以及反应池与废液池之间的连接管道中，当需要补给反应溶液时，由控制器控制补给池与反应池之间连接管道上的电子阀门打开，当需要排出废液时，由控制器控制反应池与补给池之间连接管道上的电子阀门打开；The electronic valve is installed in the connecting pipe between the supply pool and the reaction pool, and in the connecting pipe between the reaction pool and the waste liquid pool. When the reaction solution needs to be supplied, the controller controls the connection between the supply pool and the reaction pool. The electronic valve is opened, and when the waste liquid needs to be discharged, the electronic valve on the connecting pipe between the reaction pool and the supply pool is controlled by the controller to open; 运算放大器的同相输入端经调节电阻R1与反应池中指示电极连接，经调节电阻R2与输出端连接；反相输入端分别与参考池中指示电极和控制器连接；接地端分别与反应池、参考池中的参考电极连接，以将电化学离子浓度检测器反馈的电势差信号放大并输出反馈给控制器；The non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to the indicating electrode in the reaction tank through the adjusted resistance R1, and connected to the output terminal through the adjusted resistance R2 ; the inverting input terminal is connected to the indicating electrode in the reference tank and the controller respectively; The reference electrode in the pool and the reference pool is connected to amplify the potential difference signal fed back by the electrochemical ion concentration detector and output it to the controller; 控制器为可编程逻辑控制器，分别与运算放大器反相输入端、输出端以及各电子阀门连接，能够根据运算放大器反馈的电势差信号控制各电子阀门的开关时间；The controller is a programmable logic controller, which is respectively connected with the inverting input terminal and output terminal of the operational amplifier and each electronic valve, and can control the switching time of each electronic valve according to the potential difference signal fed back by the operational amplifier; 反应池中装有反应物的溶液，通过装有可控电子阀门的连通管道分别与上方的补给池以及下方的废液池连接，电子阀门打开时，补给池中溶液在重力作用下流向与其连通的反应池，反应池中溶液在重力作用下流向与其连通的废液池；The solution containing the reactants in the reaction pool is connected to the supply pool above and the waste liquid pool below through the communication pipes equipped with controllable electronic valves. When the electronic valve is opened, the solution in the supply pool flows to communicate with it under the action of gravity. A reaction pool, the solution in the reaction pool flows to the waste liquid pool connected to it under the action of gravity; 补给池中装有各反应物的单一浓溶液；参考池中装有达到目标反应速率所需的反应物浓度的反应物溶液；废液池用来接收存储反应池排出的废液。The supply pool contains a single concentrated solution of each reactant; the reference pool contains a reactant solution with the concentration of the reactant required to achieve the target reaction rate; the waste pool is used to receive the waste liquid discharged from the storage reaction pool. 2.如权利要求1所述化学反应速率实时溶液浓度自动控制系统，其浓度补偿机制如下：2. chemical reaction rate real-time solution concentration automatic control system as claimed in claim 1, its concentration compensation mechanism is as follows: 对于反应式如下的反应For a reaction with the following reaction mA+nB＝qC(沉淀或沉积镀膜)+rDmA+nB=qC (precipitation or deposition coating)+rD A、B为两种反应溶液，m、n、q、r为A、B、C、D对应的反应系数，C为反应生成物，设补充的A溶液浓度为N1,体积为V1；补充的B溶液浓度为N2,体积为V2；参考池中溶液A的离子浓度为N0；反应池中液体体积为V0；排出溶液的体积为V3；反应池中电化学离子浓度检测器指示电极的电位为Ut，与Ut对应的A溶液浓度为Nt；参考池中电化学离子浓度检测器指示电极的电位为U0；运算放大器输出端电位为U；A and B are two kinds of reaction solutions, m, n, q, r are the corresponding reaction coefficients of A, B, C, and D, and C is the reaction product, and the concentration of A solution provided as supplementary is N 1 , and the volume is V 1 ; The concentration of supplemented B solution is N 2 , and the volume is V 2 ; the ion concentration of solution A in the reference cell is N 0 ; the liquid volume in the reaction cell is V 0 ; the volume of the discharged solution is V 3 ; the electrochemical ion concentration in the reaction cell is The potential of the detector indicating electrode is Ut, and the concentration of A solution corresponding to Ut is Nt ; the potential of the electrochemical ion concentration detector in the reference cell indicating the electrode is U0 ; the potential of the output terminal of the operational amplifier is U; 根据电路知识有即 According to circuit knowledge there are which is 由于反应池溶液中A和B的量以m:n的比例逐渐减少，则对于补充溶液应有：Since the amount of A and B in the reaction cell solution gradually decreases in the ratio of m:n, then for the supplementary solution there should be: 令V1＝V2，则为了保持液位不变，则应有V3＝V1+V2＝2V1，根据电化学电位法测离子浓度的原理，设溶液中A溶液浓度与指示电极电位关系为Nt＝f(Ut)，为了达到相同的反应速率，应保证反应池中A溶液浓度与参考池中A溶液浓度相等，则应有：Let V 1 =V 2 , then In order to keep the liquid level constant, there should be V 3 =V 1 +V 2 =2V 1 , according to the principle of measuring ion concentration by electrochemical potential method, the relationship between the concentration of A solution in the solution and the potential of the indicator electrode is set as N t =f( U t ), in order to achieve the same reaction rate, it should be ensured that the A solution concentration in the reaction tank is equal to the A solution concentration in the reference tank, then there should be: N1*V1＝(N0-f(Ut))*V0+V3*f(Ut) ①N 1 *V 1 ＝(N 0 -f(U t ))*V 0 +V 3 *f(U t )① 把V3＝2V1带入上式可得：Substitute V 3 =2V 1 into the above formula to get:
CN201810459883.0A 2018-05-15 2018-05-15 A kind of real-time solution concentration automatic control system of chemical reaction rate Pending CN108919844A (en)

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