CN108918661B - Powder material sound velocity measurement method - Google Patents

Powder material sound velocity measurement method Download PDF

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CN108918661B
CN108918661B CN201810954991.5A CN201810954991A CN108918661B CN 108918661 B CN108918661 B CN 108918661B CN 201810954991 A CN201810954991 A CN 201810954991A CN 108918661 B CN108918661 B CN 108918661B
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sound
powder material
powder
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transmitting medium
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CN108918661A (en
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刘春泽
许小芳
王欢
周红生
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Shanghai Acoustics Laboratory Chinese Academy Of Sciences
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/02—Analysing fluids
    • G01N29/028—Analysing fluids by measuring mechanical or acoustic impedance
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H5/00—Measuring propagation velocity of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, e.g. of pressure waves

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Abstract

A method for measuring the sound velocity of a powder material is characterized by comprising the following steps: coupling the sound source with the sound-transmitting medium in the condition that the sound-transmitting medium is not in contact with the powder material to be detected, controlling the sound source to emit a sound wave signal to the sound-transmitting medium, and receiving an echo amplitude value P of the sound wave signal which is reflected by the sound-transmitting medium and an air interface and then reaches the sound sourcea(ii) a Coupling the sound source with the sound-transmitting medium in the state that the sound-transmitting medium is in contact with the powder material to be detected, controlling the sound source to emit a sound wave signal to the sound-transmitting medium, and receiving an echo amplitude value P of an echo reaching the sound source after the sound wave signal is reflected by the sound-transmitting medium and the powder interface1(ii) a By the echo amplitude being PaAnd the echo amplitude is P1Calculating the sound pressure reflection coefficient of the interface of the sound transmission medium and the powder; and calculating the characteristic impedance of the powder material to be detected through the sound pressure reflection coefficient, and calculating the sound velocity of the powder material to be detected according to the characteristic impedance. The sound velocity measurement method can be used for measuring the sound velocity of each working condition, and has the advantages of high speed and strong universality.

Description

Powder material sound velocity measurement method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of powder material sound velocity measurement, in particular to a powder material sound velocity measurement method.
Background
The conventional powder material sound velocity measurement mainly adopts a flight time method, for loose powder materials, the sound velocity is low, the attenuation is large, transmission signals are difficult to obtain, certain pressure must be applied to the powder materials, and the sound velocity and the external pressure have 1/4-1/6 power exponential relationship, so that the actually measured sound velocity deviates from the real sound velocity of the powder materials.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to realize the sound velocity measurement of the powder material, the application provides a sound velocity measurement method of the powder material, which comprises the following steps:
coupling a sound source with the sound transmission medium in a state that the sound transmission medium is not in contact with the powder material to be detected, controlling the sound source to emit sound wave signals with preset frequency, amplitude and waveform to the sound transmission medium, and receiving the sound wave signals, wherein the echoes reach the sound source after the sound wave signals are reflected by the sound transmission medium and an air interfaceThe echo amplitude of (1) is Pa；
Coupling a sound source with a sound transmission medium in a state that the sound transmission medium is in contact with a powder material to be detected, controlling the sound source to emit a sound wave signal to the sound transmission medium, and receiving an echo amplitude value of an echo reaching the sound source after the sound wave signal is reflected by the sound transmission medium and a powder interface, wherein the echo amplitude value is P1；
By the echo amplitude being PaAnd the echo amplitude is P1Calculating the sound pressure reflection coefficient of the interface of the sound transmission medium and the powder;
and calculating the characteristic impedance of the powder material to be detected according to the sound pressure reflection coefficient, and calculating the sound velocity of the powder material to be detected according to the characteristic impedance.
In one embodiment, the passing echo has an amplitude of PaAnd the echo amplitude is P1Calculating the sound pressure reflection coefficient of the sound transmission medium and the powder interface, specifically:
the echo amplitude is PaThe expression of (a) is: pa＝T2Rap0e-2αdWherein p is0Transmitting an ultrasonic amplitude, R, for the probeaIs the reflection coefficient of the sound-transmitting medium and the air interface, T is the transmission coefficient of the sound source and the sound-transmitting medium interface, d is the thickness of the sound-transmitting medium, and a is the attenuation coefficient of the sound-transmitting medium;
the echo amplitude is P1The expression of (a) is: p1＝T2R1p0e-2αd，R1The sound pressure reflection coefficient of the interface of the sound transmission medium and the powder;
the echo amplitude is PaWith said echo amplitude being P1Dividing, and calculating to obtain sound pressure reflection coefficient R of the interface between the sound transmission medium and the powder1。
In one embodiment, calculating the characteristic impedance of the powder material to be measured by using the sound pressure reflection coefficient specifically includes:
Figure BDA0001772459700000021
wherein R is1Is the sound pressure reflection coefficient of the interface of the sound transmission medium and the powder, ZsIs a characteristic impedance of the sound-transmitting medium, ZpIs the characteristic impedance of the powder material.
In one embodiment, calculating the sound velocity of the powder material to be measured according to the characteristic impedance of the powder material to be measured specifically includes:
Zp＝ρp·cpwhere ρ ispIs the known macroscopic density of the powder material, cpIs the sonic velocity of the powder material.
In one embodiment, the sound source is coupled to the sound-transmitting medium in a state where the sound-transmitting medium is not in contact with the powder material to be measured, and in a state where the sound-transmitting medium is in contact with the powder material to be measured.
According to the method for measuring the sound velocity of the powder material, the echo amplitude of the powder material is compared with the echo amplitude of a substance with known characteristic impedance, the sound velocity of the powder material can be obtained without obtaining the coupling state parameters of a sound source and a sound transmission medium, the method for measuring the sound velocity can be used for measuring the sound velocity of a working condition which is difficult to apply by a flight time method, and the method has the advantages of high speed, good real-time performance and strong universality, for example, the detection of the strength nonuniformity in a powder metallurgy die.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for measuring the sound velocity of a powder material;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of sound velocity measurement of a powder material.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings.
In the embodiment of the invention, the sound velocity of the powder material is measured through the echo amplitude of the powder material, so that the problems existing in the conventional method for measuring the sound velocity of the powder material by using the time-of-flight method are improved, for example, when the sound velocity of the powder material is measured by using the time-of-flight method, a certain pressure must be applied to the material, and the actually measured sound velocity deviates from the real sound velocity of the powder material.
Based on this, this example provides another method for measuring the sound velocity of the powder material, and the basic idea is: based on an acoustic impedance method, enabling a sound transmission medium to be in contact with a powder material, controlling a sound source to transmit a sound wave signal to the sound transmission medium, and obtaining the sound velocity of the powder by obtaining the echo amplitude of the sound wave signal after the sound wave signal is reflected by the interface of the sound transmission medium and the powder material; since the sound source and the sound-transmitting medium are coupled in different states, in order to eliminate the interface coupling, the method for measuring the sound velocity of the powder material specifically includes the following steps, a flow chart of which is shown in fig. 1, and a measurement schematic diagram of which is shown in fig. 2.
S1: coupling a sound source with the sound transmission medium in a state that the sound transmission medium is not in contact with the powder material to be detected, controlling the sound source to emit sound wave signals with preset frequency, amplitude and waveform to the sound transmission medium, and receiving an echo amplitude value of an echo reaching the sound source after the sound wave signals are reflected by the sound transmission medium and an air interface, wherein the echo amplitude value is Pa。
S2: coupling the sound source with the sound transmission medium in the state that the sound transmission medium is in contact with the powder material to be detected, controlling the sound source to emit a sound wave signal to the sound transmission medium, and receiving an echo amplitude value of the sound wave signal, wherein the echo amplitude value is P, and the echo reaches the sound source after the sound wave signal is reflected by the sound transmission medium and the powder interface1。
S3: by the echo amplitude being PaAnd the echo amplitude is P1And calculating the sound pressure reflection coefficient of the interface of the sound transmission medium and the powder.
Wherein the echo amplitude is PaThe expression of (a) is: pa＝T2Rap0e-2αdWherein p is0Transmitting an ultrasonic amplitude, R, for the probeaIs the reflection coefficient of the sound-transmitting medium and the air interface, T is the transmission coefficient of the sound source and the sound-transmitting medium interface, d is the thickness of the sound-transmitting medium, and a is the attenuation coefficient of the sound-transmitting medium;
echo amplitude of P1The expression of (a) is: p1＝T2R1p0e-2αd，R1The sound pressure reflection coefficient of the interface of the sound transmission medium and the powder;
the echo amplitude is PaWith echo amplitude of P1Dividing, eliminating the influence of T contingency on echo amplitude, and calculating to obtain the signalSound pressure reflection coefficient R of sound medium and powder interface1。
S4: and calculating the characteristic impedance of the powder material to be detected through the sound pressure reflection coefficient, and calculating the sound velocity of the powder material to be detected according to the characteristic impedance.
Specifically, the expression of the sound pressure reflection coefficient of the interface between the sound-transmitting medium and the powder is as follows:
Figure BDA0001772459700000031
wherein R is1Is the sound pressure reflection coefficient of the interface of the sound transmission medium and the powder, ZsIs a characteristic impedance of the sound-transmitting medium, ZpFor the characteristic impedance of the powder material, since the sound-transmitting medium is a known material and the characteristic impedance thereof is a known characteristic impedance, R is calculated by step S31Thus, at R1、ZsIn the known case, Z is calculated by this expressionp。
According to the relation between the characteristic impedance of the powder material and the sound velocity, the relation is Zp＝ρp·cpWhere ρ ispIs the known macroscopic density of the powder material, and is therefore in Zp、ρpIn the known case, c can be calculated from the relationpI.e. the sound velocity of the powder material is calculated.
It should be noted that, in the state where the sound-transmitting medium is not in contact with the powder material to be measured, and in the state where the sound-transmitting medium is in contact with the powder material to be measured, the coupling state of the sound source and the sound-transmitting medium needs to be kept consistent, so as to eliminate the influence of the contingency of T on the echo amplitude, that is, to solve the problem of interface coupling.
By the powder material sound velocity measuring method, a transverse wave sound source or a longitudinal wave sound source can be adopted as a sound source during testing, the sound source is an ultrasonic transducer, and a one-transmitting-one-receiving or self-transmitting-receiving ultrasonic transducer can be adopted during testing.
The material and shape of the sound-transmitting medium in this embodiment are not particularly limited, and for example, the sound-transmitting medium may be a metal material or a ceramic material, the sound-transmitting medium may be an instrument for containing a powdery material, and when the sound velocity is measured specifically in the case of the instrument, the operation of step S1 may be performed when the powdery material is not contained in the instrument, and then the operation of step S2 may be performed when the powdery material is contained in the instrument; correspondingly, if the sound-transmitting medium is in another shape, the operation of step S1 may be performed when the sound-transmitting medium is not in contact with the powder material, and the operation of step S2 may be performed when the sound-transmitting medium is in contact with the powder material, that is, regardless of the material and the shape of the powder material, the measurement in two states is necessarily performed to obtain the echo amplitudes in the two states, and the elimination of the uncertain coupling state of the interface between the sound source and the sound-transmitting medium is realized by the echo amplitudes in the two states.
It should be noted that, if the sound-transmitting medium is an appliance for containing the powder material, the above-mentioned measuring method generally performs step S1 first, and then performs step S2, but if the sound-transmitting medium is only an independent sheet-like object, then step S1 and step S2 in the method do not have a requirement for performing the sequence in advance, for example, the sound velocity of the powder material in a certain container is measured by the sheet-like sound-transmitting medium, the sound-transmitting medium can be placed on the container to contact the powder material, step S2 is performed, and then the sound-transmitting medium is taken out, and step S1 is performed with respect to the sound-transmitting medium.
The method has no requirement on the contact tightness degree of the sound transmission medium and the powder material when the sound velocity of the powder material is measured, so that the method has the characteristics of sound velocity measurement and strong universality on the working condition which is difficult to apply by a flight time method, for example, in the application of powder metallurgy, the detection on the strength nonuniformity in a powder metallurgy die is realized by measuring the sound velocity of the powder; in the application of grain pile measurement, the stacking state of the grain pile, such as density, moisture and other parameters, can be measured by measuring the sound velocity of the grain pile; in geological measurement application, the sound velocity change reflects the stability degree of soil or snow through measuring the sound velocity of the soil or the snow, and the geological disasters such as landslide or avalanche can be predicted.
The present invention has been described in terms of specific examples, which are provided to aid understanding of the invention and are not intended to be limiting. For a person skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions, modifications or substitutions may be made according to the idea of the invention.

Claims (2)

1. A method for measuring the sound velocity of a powder material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
coupling a sound source with a sound transmission medium in a state that the sound transmission medium is not in contact with the powder material to be detected, controlling the sound source to emit sound wave signals with preset frequency, amplitude and waveform to the sound transmission medium, and receiving echo amplitude values of echoes reaching the sound source after the sound wave signals are reflected by the sound transmission medium and an air interface, wherein the echo amplitude value is Pa；
Coupling a sound source with a sound transmission medium in a state that the sound transmission medium is in contact with a powder material to be detected, controlling the sound source to emit a sound wave signal to the sound transmission medium, and receiving an echo amplitude value of an echo reaching the sound source after the sound wave signal is reflected by the sound transmission medium and a powder interface, wherein the echo amplitude value is P1；
By the echo amplitude being PaAnd the echo amplitude is P1Calculating the sound pressure reflection coefficient of the sound transmission medium and the powder interface, specifically:
the echo amplitude is PaThe expression of (a) is: pa＝T2Rap0e-2αdWherein p is0Transmitting an ultrasonic amplitude, R, for the probeaIs the reflection coefficient of the sound-transmitting medium and the air interface, T is the transmission coefficient of the sound source and the sound-transmitting medium interface, d is the thickness of the sound-transmitting medium, and a is the attenuation coefficient of the sound-transmitting medium;
the echo amplitude is P1The expression of (a) is: p1＝T2R1p0e-2αd，R1The sound pressure reflection coefficient of the interface of the sound transmission medium and the powder;
the echo amplitude is PaWith said echo amplitude being P1Dividing, and calculating to obtain sound pressure reflection coefficient R of the interface between the sound transmission medium and the powder1；
Calculating the characteristic impedance of the powder material to be detected according to the sound pressure reflection coefficient, and calculating the sound velocity of the powder material to be detected according to the characteristic impedance, specifically:
Figure FDA0002755980530000011
wherein R is1Is the sound pressure reflection coefficient of the interface of the sound transmission medium and the powder, ZsIs a characteristic impedance of the sound-transmitting medium, ZpIs the characteristic impedance of the powder material;
Zp＝ρp·cpwhere ρ ispIs the known macroscopic density of the powder material, cpIs the sonic velocity of the powder material.
2. The method for measuring the sound velocity of a powder material according to claim 1, wherein the sound source is coupled to the sound-transmitting medium in a state where the sound-transmitting medium is not in contact with the powder material to be measured and in a state where the sound-transmitting medium is in contact with the powder material to be measured.
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