CN108918591A - The quick check and evaluation identification method of concrete structure Fire-damaged based on the infrared compound detection technology of ultrasound - Google Patents
The quick check and evaluation identification method of concrete structure Fire-damaged based on the infrared compound detection technology of ultrasound Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001931 thermography Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012502 risk assessment Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000012847 principal component analysis method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000010259 detection of temperature stimulus Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/72—Investigating presence of flaws
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/07—Analysing solids by measuring propagation velocity or propagation time of acoustic waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the quick check and evaluation identification methods of Xtah Crude Clay structure Fire-damaged based on the infrared compound detection technology of ultrasound.The concrete Fire-damaged detection method is made of supersonic detector, infrared thermal imager, infrared heating source and microcomputer.The infrared heating source is for heating the concrete surface being cooled to room temperature after by fire, the infrared thermal imager is used to detect the variation and environment temperature of surface temperature of concrete after by fire, the supersonic detector be mainly used for measurement obtain fire it is impaired after concrete sound when, the microcomputer is to calculate Concrete after Fire by ultrasonic flight-time and thermal imagery average temperature rising to be damaged depth, and the residual strength ratio for passing through concrete described in the impaired depth calculation, and combine residual strength ratio, impaired depth, temperature in fire carries out security risk assessment.The Concrete after Fire damage rapid detection method can judge the concrete extent of damage after by fire efficiently, comprehensively, provide effective reference frame repair to damaged structure from now on.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the field of structural engineering detection, and is named as a method for quickly detecting, evaluating and identifying fire damage of a concrete structure based on an ultrasonic infrared composite detection technology.
Background art:
the high temperature of fire causes the serious degradation of the performance of the concrete material, greatly reduces the strength and influences the safety and the durability of the concrete structure. How to carry out the quick detection to concrete structure after the conflagration, guarantee people's life and property safety has great meaning. Therefore, the rapid detection and identification of the damage of the concrete structure after the fire is urgent.
At the present stage, the common concrete structure damage detection and identification method in the building engineering wastes time and labor, results cannot be fed back in time, the danger of secondary collapse exists, and inconvenience is brought to rescue workers for disaster relief. Therefore, many researchers have begun to study rapid non-destructive testing and identification methods. For nondestructive testing, the rapid nondestructive testing methods researched by the people mainly include an ultrasonic nondestructive testing method, an infrared thermal imaging testing method, a rebound testing method and an ultrasonic rebound comprehensive testing method, and the ultrasonic nondestructive testing method and the infrared thermal imaging testing method are common in the application aspect of concrete testing after fire and are simple and rapid nondestructive testing methods. The ultrasonic nondestructive detection method can detect the internal damage of the concrete at fixed points, the detection accuracy of the internal damage result is higher, but the area of a damaged component in a fire scene is larger, the time and the labor are consumed by utilizing ultrasonic detection, and the detection efficiency is very low. The infrared thermal imaging detection method can be used for large-area scanning detection in a fire scene, but the result obtained by the detection is only the fire temperature of the concrete surface, and the damage depth cannot be known. In the identification, since the fire scene detection has a lot of data, dimension reduction calculation of the detected data is required for easy calculation, and the principal component analysis method is the simplest method capable of performing the dimension reduction calculation of a large amount of data.
Therefore, the infrared thermography technology can be used for scanning and detecting the surface of the concrete in a large area to determine a key damaged component, the ultrasonic fixed point is used for accurately detecting the interior of the concrete to obtain the damaged degree and the damaged depth of the interior of the concrete, the advantages of the infrared ultrasonic detection technology are combined to quickly obtain the fire temperature of the surface of the concrete, the principal component analysis method is used for data processing, the mechanical property of the concrete structure is quickly evaluated, and a brand-new method for quickly detecting, evaluating and identifying the fire damage of the concrete structure is established.
The invention content is as follows:
the purpose of the invention is: the method comprises the steps of utilizing an infrared thermal imaging technology to scan and detect a concrete surface in a large area to determine a key damaged component, combining an ultrasonic fixed point to accurately detect the interior of the concrete, obtaining the damaged degree and the damaged depth of the interior of the concrete, combining the advantages of the infrared ultrasonic detection technology, quickly obtaining the fire temperature of the concrete surface, applying a principal component analysis method to carry out data processing, quickly evaluating the mechanical property of the concrete structure, establishing a set of brand-new quick detection, evaluation and identification method for fire damage of the concrete structure, and enabling an identification result to become an effective reference basis for a later worker to carry out structural reinforcement and repair.
The invention is realized by the following modes:
a method for quickly evaluating and identifying fire damage of a structure based on an ultrasonic and infrared composite detection technology mainly utilizes the advantage that ultrasonic waves can perform accurate detection on the interior of concrete in a fixed-point mode and the infrared thermography technology to perform large-area scanning detection on the surface of the concrete, quickly obtains the fire temperature of the surface of the concrete and quickly determines the advantage of a key node, combines the advantages of the key node to detect the concrete after fire, and utilizes a principal component analysis method to perform safety identification. The nondestructive testing and identifying method for the concrete after the fire mainly comprises an ultrasonic flaw detector, an infrared thermal imager, an infrared heating source and a microcomputer. The infrared thermal imager and the infrared heating source do not belong to a matched device and can be matched randomly. The ultrasonic flaw detector comprises a lead and a circular single probe with the diameter of 40mm, and the frequency of the detection probe adopted by the ultrasonic flaw detector is 40 kHz. The microcomputer comprises a calculation program and a risk assessment program of the concrete damage depth and the residual strength ratio.
The concrete fire damage detection and identification method comprises the following operation steps:
the infrared thermal imager was first placed 1m away from the concrete fire surface. Irradiating the surface of the concrete by using an infrared heating lamp, detecting the temperature rise condition of the heated surface of the concrete by using an infrared thermal imager, recording the temperature change within 3min of temperature rise, stopping temperature rise, performing thermal image detection of temperature reduction for 3min, and calculating the average temperature rise delta T of the thermal image and the surface temperature Tc。
After the infrared detection is finished, dividing regions according to the fire temperature, determining key points, performing flaw detection by using an ultrasonic flaw detector, coating a coupling agent on set measuring points of the divided regions, starting the ultrasonic flaw detector, detecting fixed points, recording the ultrasonic penetration time of the damaged regions, recording the ultrasonic sound time of a plurality of places and solving the sound time average value t'.
And after obtaining the thermal image average temperature rise delta T and the ultrasonic wave penetration time T, inputting data into a microcomputer, determining the normal-temperature wave velocity value of the corresponding material according to the design mix proportion list of the concrete, calculating and analyzing the damaged depth ratio u of the concrete through the microcomputer, and finally calculating the ratio r of the residual compressive strength of the concrete after being fired. The correlation calculation formula is as follows:
calculating the fire temperature T for the thermal image average temperature rise delta T:
ΔT＝T3-T0(1)
T＝a1ΔT+a2(2)
wherein, a1And a2Is a constant term, T0Is the initial temperature value of the surface of the test piece at normal temperature, T3The value of the surface temperature of the test piece at the 3 rd minute was obtained.
Value of wave velocity va：
Wherein v isaIs the wave velocity, T, of the air in the cracks in the concretecThe temperature value of the concrete surface after heating and cooling.
Wave velocity value v of concretec：
vc＝a3q+a4T+a5(4)
Wherein v iscIs the wave velocity of the concrete at normal temperature, q is the water-cement ratio of the concrete, T is the fire temperature of the concrete, a3、a4、a5Is a constant.
Damaged depth ratio u:
u＝at+b (5)
wherein,
finally obtaining the ratio of residual strength r:
r＝kuα+β (9)
the method comprises the steps of obtaining a concrete member damage depth ratio, a fire maximum temperature, residual strength ratio and other data results of the concrete member, calculating and analyzing by using a principal component analysis method to obtain a risk evaluation result, and calculating and analyzing by using a principal component analysis method to obtain a safety risk evaluation result, wherein k, a and β are constant termsInputting the calculation result into a risk evaluation program, automatically calculating the mean and variance of all data of each item according to the data of each column by a principal component analysis program in the risk evaluation program, and then normalizing all the data to calculate a covariance correlation matrix comprising all positive eigenvalues lambda in the covariance matrixiAnd corresponding normalized feature vector αiAll positive eigenvalues λiSorting from large to small and calculating the contribution rate omega of each characteristic valueiObtaining an evaluation formula F:
wherein,
and substituting all the detection data into a formula for calculation to obtain a final evaluation result F, comparing the final evaluation result F with the evaluation indexes in the table 1 to obtain a risk evaluation conclusion, and outputting the risk evaluation conclusion. The evaluation index is shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 evaluation index Table
The invention has the following advantages: the detection efficiency and the detection precision of the ultrasonic infrared detection comprehensive method are greatly improved, and the method not only has the advantages of detecting the concrete in a large area in an infrared thermal imaging detection method, obtaining the fire temperature distribution on the surface of the concrete and determining the fire key point of the concrete structure, but also has the advantage of accurately obtaining the internal damage condition of the concrete detection point in the ultrasonic detection method. And the principal component analysis method can perform dimensionality reduction calculation analysis on a large amount of data, so that an identification result can be quickly obtained, and the identification result becomes an effective reference basis for later workers in structural reinforcement repair.
Description of the drawings:
the invention is as follows:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the operational flow of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of infrared thermal imaging rapid detection of concrete.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of ultrasonic nondestructive concrete inspection.
In the figure:
1-test piece after the concrete is fired; 2-infrared heating source; 3-infrared thermal imager; 4-ultrasonic flaw detector; 5-circular direct projection probe; 6-conducting wire
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
in order to make the technical scheme, purpose and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following describes the present invention in further detail with reference to the concrete test pieces tested under normal temperature and high temperature conditions of 800 ℃, and the present case is only used to explain the present invention and is not meant to limit the present invention.
The infrared thermal imager is firstly placed at a position far away from the surface of the concrete so as to ensure that the camera can shoot the complete surface. Irradiating the surface of the concrete by using an infrared heating lamp, detecting the temperature rise condition of the surface of the concrete by using an infrared thermal imager, recording the temperature value within 3min of temperature rise, then stopping temperature rise, carrying out thermal image detection of temperature reduction for 3min, and calculating the thermal image average temperature rise delta T of 1.2 ℃ at normal temperature and the thermal image average temperature rise delta T of 2.5 ℃ at high temperature.
After the infrared detection is finished, dividing the fire-receiving temperature area, performing flaw detection by using an ultrasonic flaw detector, coating a coupling agent on set measuring points of the divided area, starting the ultrasonic flaw detector, detecting fixed points, recording the ultrasonic penetration time of the damaged area, recording ultrasonic sound of a plurality of places, and calculating the average value t of sound, which is 24.4 mu s and 52.5 mu s respectively.
After the average temperature rise delta T of the thermal image and the penetration time T of the ultrasonic wave are obtained, the data are input into a microcomputer, and the damaged depth l of the concrete is analyzed through the microcomputeraAnd finally, calculating the ratio r of the residual compressive strength of the concrete after the concrete is fired.
Finally, the ratio of the residual compressive strength and the damaged depth l of the concrete are evaluated by combining the safety risk evaluation method by utilizing a principal component analysis methoda' and the fire temperature T to determine the safety of the concrete structure. And according to three groups of data results of the damaged depth value, the highest fire temperature and the residual strength ratio of the concrete member obtained by the calculation program, performing calculation analysis by using a principal component analysis method to obtain a final evaluation result F, comparing the final evaluation result F with the evaluation indexes in the table 1, and obtaining and outputting a risk evaluation conclusion. Through calculation, the temperature of the normal-temperature test piece is 22 ℃, the damage depth ratio is 0.003, the residual compressive strength ratio r is 0.992, and the final result of evaluation is that F is-4.98. The maximum temperature of the fired test piece was 802 ℃, the ratio of the damage depth was 0.913, the ratio r of the residual compressive strength was 0.022, and the final result of the evaluation was F ═ 4.67. In combination with the indices of table 1, the following conclusions are reached: when the first condition occurs in the fire scene, the detection personnel can continue to carry out deep investigation; when the second situation occurs, the inspection personnel must evacuate the site.
Claims (3)
1. A novel method for quickly detecting, evaluating and identifying fire damage of a concrete structure, namely a method for quickly detecting, evaluating and identifying fire damage of a concrete structure based on an ultrasonic infrared composite detection technology, is characterized in that: the rapid detection, evaluation and identification method for fire damage of the concrete structure consists of an infrared thermal imaging detection method, an ultrasonic nondestructive detection method and a rapid identification method.
The infrared thermal imaging detection method can scan a fire area in a large area, preliminarily evaluate the damage degree of concrete, and quickly determine the temperature of a key node and the surface of the concrete, the ultrasonic nondestructive detection method can determine the damage condition of the concrete when sound waves are transmitted in the concrete, meanwhile, the infrared thermal imaging detection method is used for detecting the temperature of the surface of the concrete, correcting the ultrasonic detection error caused by the temperature error, quickly obtaining the damage depth ratio of the concrete, and determining the residual intensity ratio of the concrete according to the damage depth ratio, and the quick identification method has the advantages of simplifying and calculating a large amount of detection calculation data and quickly identifying the fire damage of the concrete.
2. The method for rapidly evaluating and identifying fire damage of a concrete structure according to claim 1, wherein: in the method for rapidly evaluating and identifying the fire damage of the concrete structure, the detection result obtained based on the ultrasonic and infrared composite detection technology needs to be imported into a microcomputer in the method for rapidly identifying and identifying to simplify calculation.
3. The method for rapidly evaluating and identifying fire damage of a concrete structure according to claim 1, wherein: in the method for rapidly evaluating and identifying the fire damage of the concrete structure, data acquired by an infrared thermal imager are transmitted to the microcomputer through an SD card, data acquired by a nonmetal ultrasonic flaw detector are transmitted to the microcomputer through a 1GB U disk, and the SD card and the U disk are connected with the microcomputer through a converter.
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| CN111999195A (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2020-11-27 | 福建省永富建设集团有限公司 | Nondestructive testing system for structural defects of concrete |
| CN112858384A (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2021-05-28 | 湖南中冶长天节能环保技术有限公司 | High-temperature detection-cooling treatment method and system for activated carbon flue gas purification device |
| CN117607200A (en) * | 2023-11-09 | 2024-02-27 | 南京大学 | Soil nail defect parameter detection device and method based on active heating optical fiber sensing |
| CN117745275A (en) * | 2024-02-19 | 2024-03-22 | 中铁四局集团有限公司 | Integrated working platform based on big data of Internet of things |
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