CN108918359B - Sediment particle deposition simulation test device and method - Google Patents
Sediment particle deposition simulation test device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108918359B CN108918359B CN201810844672.9A CN201810844672A CN108918359B CN 108918359 B CN108918359 B CN 108918359B CN 201810844672 A CN201810844672 A CN 201810844672A CN 108918359 B CN108918359 B CN 108918359B
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
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Abstract
The invention provides a sediment particle deposition simulation test device and a sediment particle deposition simulation test method, water absorption beads for simulating sediment particles are added between two parallel glass plates in a test water tank, and a power device is adopted to control the two parallel glass plates to swing left and right, so that the water absorption beads move along with the swing of the glass plates, the stress environment in the sediment particle deposition process is simulated, the time scale limit of sediment particle deposition rule research is broken through, in addition, after the laser beam emitted by the laser is processed by the transverse concave lens, the longitudinal short-focus concave lens, the longitudinal long-focus concave lens, the refractor and the triangular lens, the displacement image is obtained by converting the light into sheet light to irradiate the water absorption beads and the tracer particles, the water velocity field of the gaps of the water absorption beads and the displacement field of the water absorption beads are obtained after processing, and the stray light of the sheet light is reduced by utilizing the light path, so that the image is clearer, and the finally obtained calculation result is more accurate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of sediment particle research, in particular to a simulation test device and method for large-particle sediment deposition of a reservoir under the action of reciprocating tidal current.
Background
The sediment deposition at the bottom of the reservoir is an important problem to be solved urgently in the maintenance and operation of the reservoir. The sediment deposition of the reservoir is characterized in that the river carries more large-particle sediment, and after the river is converged into the reservoir, the flow velocity of water flow is reduced, the sediment transport capacity is reduced, and the large-particle sediment carried by the river is partially or completely deposited at the bottom of the reservoir. In the observation of nature, it is generally found that the deposition of silt has the characteristics that small-particle silt is deposited to a lower layer and large-particle silt is relatively positioned upwards. The reason for the general rule is unclear, and the rule has important significance for the salvage and treatment of sediment deposition by human beings. The sediment deposition at the bottom of the reservoir is characterized in that a large reservoir, particularly a mountain reservoir or a high mountain barrier lake, often has a plurality of water sources to be imported, different water sources can cause the sand-carrying water in the reservoir to form reciprocating tides due to different flow rates, and the research difficulty of the sediment deposition is increased due to the occurrence of the reciprocating tides.
Physical test in silt movement field generally realizes through indoor long basin, and receive the unable basin of infinitely long of establishing of restriction of indoor space size, silt gets into the basin at the basin head end after, just carried the basin tail end by flowing water in very short time, lead to hardly to study silt particle to the deposition characteristic through the experiment, and the deposit of silt is the result of long-time motion, therefore the time scale of silt particle motion research is limited to become the problem that this field awaits the solution urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the embodiment of the invention provides a sediment particle deposition simulation test device and method, which solve the problem that the time scale for researching the sediment particle deposition rule is limited due to the fact that an infinitely long water tank cannot be established.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a sediment particle deposition simulation test device comprises: the device comprises a test water tank, a power device and a measuring device;
the test water tank is internally provided with two glass plates, a plurality of water absorption beads and tracer particles which are positioned between the two glass plates; the glass plate is always contacted with the bottom of the test water tank, and the length of the glass plate is equal to the width of the test water tank;
the power device is connected with the two glass plates and can drive the two glass plates to synchronously swing, and the two glass plates are always parallel to each other in the swinging process;
the measuring device comprises:
the laser particle imaging device is used for acquiring displacement images of the water absorption beads and the tracer particles;
the PC is connected with the laser particle imaging device, receives the displacement image, and calculates a water velocity field of a water absorption bead gap and a displacement field of the water absorption bead according to the displacement image;
wherein, laser particle image device includes: a laser, an optical conversion device, and a high-speed camera;
the optical conversion device is arranged between the laser and the test water tank and is used for converting the laser beam into sheet light so as to irradiate the water absorbing beads and the tracer particles;
the optical conversion device includes: the lens comprises a longitudinal short-focus concave lens, a transverse concave lens, a refractor, a longitudinal long-focus concave lens and a triangular lens which are sequentially arranged along the direction of a light path;
the longitudinal short-focus concave lens is used for longitudinally focusing the laser beam;
the transverse concave lens is used for transversely focusing the laser beam after being longitudinally focused;
the refractor is used for refracting the laser beam after transverse focusing to the longitudinal long-focus concave lens;
the longitudinal long-focus concave lens is used for longitudinally focusing the refracted laser beam;
the triangular lens is used for diffusing the laser beam after longitudinal focusing to obtain sheet light.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the first and second electrodes are,
the laser is arranged above the test water tank and used for emitting laser beams to the test water tank;
the high-speed camera is located the front or the back of experimental basin for shoot the displacement image, and high-speed camera is connected the PC.
In one embodiment, a filter is disposed on the lens of the high-speed camera.
In one embodiment, a power plant comprises: the glass plate fixing device comprises a driving device and two connecting shafts connected with the driving device, wherein each connecting shaft is connected with one of the glass plates.
In one embodiment, the driving device includes: two driving gears, an electric gear, a manual gear and a conveyor belt with teeth on the inner side and the outer side;
the electric gear is connected with a power line, and one of the electric gear and the manual gear drives the conveyor belt to transmit;
the two driving gears are respectively connected with one of the connecting shafts and meshed with the teeth of the conveying belt to drive the connecting shafts to drive the glass plate to swing.
In one embodiment, the bottom of the test water tank is provided with a hole, the connecting shaft is connected with the corresponding glass plate after passing through the hole, and the connecting part of the hole and the connecting shaft is sealed by silica gel.
In one embodiment, the sediment particle deposition simulation test apparatus further includes: and the steel wire rope is used for suspending the test water tank and the laser particle imaging device.
In one embodiment, the sediment particle deposition simulation test apparatus further includes: the fixed bracket is fixed on the steel wire rope;
the fixing bracket is used for fixing the optical conversion device, the laser and the high-speed camera.
In one embodiment, the side surface of the test water tank is provided with a water inlet and an overflow port, and the bottom surface of the test water tank is provided with a water outlet; wherein, the water inlet is arranged at the top of the side surface of the test water tank.
The invention also provides a sediment particle deposition simulation test method, which adopts the sediment particle deposition simulation test device and comprises the following steps:
soaking the water-absorbing beads with different particle sizes in water for a set time to ensure that the water-absorbing beads fully absorb water and expand;
placing the tracer particles and the soaked water-absorbing beads between two parallel glass plates in a test water tank according to a preset proportion;
injecting clear water into the test water tank to enable the water surface to submerge at least the top of the water absorption beads;
the two glass plates are driven by a power device to synchronously swing;
generating a laser beam by a laser;
the optical conversion device converts the laser beam into sheet light and irradiates the water absorbing beads and the tracing particles;
adopting a high-speed camera to shoot displacement images of the water absorption beads and the tracer particles at the front side or the rear side of the test water tank according to a preset shooting frequency, and transmitting the displacement images to a PC (personal computer);
and the PC performs cross-correlation analysis on the received displacement image by using an image processing technology, and calculates a water velocity field of a water absorption bead gap and a displacement field of the water absorption bead.
The invention provides a sediment particle deposition simulation test device and a sediment particle deposition simulation test method, which are characterized in that water-absorbing beads with the same refractive index as water are used for simulating sediment particles with different particle sizes and are added between two parallel glass plates in a test water tank, the power device is adopted to control the two parallel glass plates to swing left and right, so that the water absorption beads move along with the swing of the glass plates, namely the two parallel glass plates are used to swing to apply shear stress to the water absorption beads to simulate the stress environment in the sediment particle deposition process, the swing time of the glass plates is not limited and can be set to any time, therefore, the time for the sediment particles to move under the influence of the shear stress is not limited, so that the limitation of the time scale for researching the sediment particle deposition rule is broken through, the sediment process of the sediment particles is simulated better, the test data is more accurate, and the influence of a fluid velocity field on the sediment particle deposition rule is favorably researched. In addition, the invention simulates the shear stress environment borne by the silt particles on a long time scale through the two swinging glass plates in the test water tank, and compared with the long water tank adopted in the conventional test, the invention reduces the length of the test water tank, thereby reducing the occupied space of the test device.
In addition, the invention adds the tracer particles into the test water tank, utilizes the Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV) technology, irradiates the tracer particles and the water absorbing beads with the sheet light converted by the laser beam, is matched with a high-speed camera to shoot a group of displacement images of the tracer particles and the water absorbing beads according to a preset shooting rule, then performs cross-correlation analysis on the group of displacement images to obtain the displacement rules of the tracer particles and the water absorbing beads, and calculates the moving speed of the tracer particles and the displacement characteristics of the silt particles by combining the shooting time interval, thereby being beneficial to accurately researching the influence of the fluid velocity field on the sediment rule of the silt particles.
In addition, laser beams emitted by the laser are processed by the transverse concave lens, the longitudinal short-focus concave lens, the longitudinal long-focus concave lens, the refractor and the triangular lens and then are converted into sheet light to irradiate the water-absorbing beads and the tracing particles, stray light of the sheet light is reduced by utilizing the light path, so that the image is clearer, and the finally obtained calculation result is more accurate.
In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features and advantages of the invention comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a sediment particle deposition simulation test apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of a laser path of a measuring device in a sediment particle deposition simulation test device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a connection structure between a high-speed camera and a computer of a measuring device in a sediment particle deposition simulation test device according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a front view of a power plant of a sediment particle deposition simulation test apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the transmission belt and the driving gear in the power device of the sediment particle deposition simulation test apparatus according to the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 6 is a flow chart of a sediment particle deposition simulation test method according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The physical test in the current sediment particle movement field is limited by the size of an indoor space, an infinitely long water tank cannot be established, the time scale for researching the sediment particle deposition rule is limited, and the velocity field of fluid and the displacement characteristics of sediment particles in the accumulation process cannot be captured in real time. According to the invention, through controlling the two parallel glass plates in the test water tank to swing, shear stress is applied to the water absorption beads between the two glass plates, a stress environment in the sediment particle deposition process is simulated, the time scale limit of sediment particle deposition rule research is broken through, the test data is more accurate, and the influence of a fluid velocity field on the sediment particle deposition rule is favorably researched.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a sediment particle deposition simulation test apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the sediment particle deposition simulation test apparatus includes: a test water tank 1, a power device 31, and a measuring device (not shown).
The test water tank 1 is internally provided with a glass plate 2A, a glass plate 2B, a plurality of water absorption beads 3 and tracer particles 30 which are positioned between the glass plate 2A and the glass plate 2B; the glass plates 2A and 2B are in constant contact with the bottom of the test water tank 1, and the lengths of the glass plates 2A and 2B are equal to the width of the test water tank 1.
The power device 31 is connected with the glass plate 2A and the glass plate 2B, and can drive the glass plate 2A and the glass plate 2B to synchronously swing, and the glass plate 2A and the glass plate 2B are always kept parallel to each other in the swinging process.
The measuring device comprises: laser particle imaging device and PC.
The laser particle imaging device is used for acquiring displacement images of the water absorption beads and the tracer particles;
and the PC is connected with the laser particle imaging device, receives the displacement image, and calculates the water velocity field of the gap of the water-absorbing bead 3 and the displacement field of the water-absorbing bead 3 according to the displacement image.
The laser particle imaging apparatus includes: a laser, an optical conversion device, and a high-speed camera.
The optical conversion device is arranged between the laser and the test water tank and is used for converting the laser beam into sheet light so as to irradiate the water absorption beads and the tracer particles.
The optical conversion device includes: the lens comprises a longitudinal short-focus concave lens, a transverse concave lens, a refractor, a longitudinal long-focus concave lens and a triangular lens which are sequentially arranged along the direction of a light path.
The longitudinal short-focus concave lens is used for longitudinally focusing the laser beam.
The transverse concave lens is used for transversely focusing the laser beam after the longitudinal focusing.
The refractor is used for refracting the laser beam after transverse focusing to the longitudinal long-focus concave lens.
The longitudinal long-focus concave lens is used for longitudinally focusing the laser beam after refraction.
The triangular lens is used for diffusing the laser beam after longitudinal focusing to obtain sheet light.
The laser beam emitted by the laser is converted into the sheet light irradiation water absorption beads and the tracing particles by utilizing the cooperation of the transverse concave lens, the longitudinal short-focus concave lens, the longitudinal long-focus concave lens, the refractor and the triangular lens, and the stray light of the sheet light is reduced by utilizing the light path, so that the image is clearer, and the finally obtained calculation result is more accurate.
Optionally, the test flume is a main device for performing a sediment particle deposition simulation test, and may be implemented by using a transparent flume, wherein the side surface of the transparent flume is provided with a water inlet 4 and an overflow port 5, the water inlet 4 is arranged at the top of the side surface of the transparent flume and is used for being connected with a tap water faucet to fill water into the flume, the overflow port 5 may be arranged at the same side surface as the water inlet 4 or at a side surface different from the water inlet 4, the horizontal surface of the overflow port 5 is 5cm to 10cm lower than the horizontal surface of the water inlet 4, the overflow port 5 is used for automatically overflowing water in the flume when the water level reaches a predetermined position, the bottom surface of the transparent flume is provided with a water outlet 6 for discharging water in the flume after the test is finished.
In addition, the width of the transparent water tank can be 20 cm-40 cm, the length can be 100 cm-150 cm, the height can be 30 cm-50 cm, and the wall thickness can be 1 cm-2 cm.
For example, the width of the transparent water tank is 20cm, the length is 120cm, the height is 40cm, and the wall thickness is 2 cm.
Optionally, the two glass plates are transparent glass plates, the length of each glass plate is equal to the width of the test water tank, the height of each glass plate is equal to the height of the test water tank, the width of each glass plate can be 20 cm-40 cm, and the height of each glass plate can be 30 cm-50 cm.
For example, the glass plate has a width of 20cm and a height of 40 cm.
Optionally, the water-absorbing beads 3 can be transparent water-absorbing beads, and the water-absorbing beads are a high water-absorbing carrier, can absorb water with more than 100 times of their own weight and can be used for a long time, and the refractive index after water absorption and expansion is the same as that of water, so that the water-absorbing beads can be used for particle imaging tests.
Alternatively, the tracer particles 30 may be PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate, commonly known as plexiglass) tracer particles of 20um dyed by Rhotamine B, or cenospheres or metal oxide particles, fluorescent tracer particles (fluostat), or the like.
When the simulation test is carried out, the method can comprise the following steps:
firstly, placing water-absorbing beads which fully absorb water and expand and have different particle sizes and tracer particles between two parallel glass plates in a test water tank, and filling clear water into the test water tank to ensure that the top of the water-absorbing beads is at least submerged by the water surface;
then, the power device drives the two glass plates to swing left and right, so that the water absorption beads move along with the swing of the glass plates, and the tracer particles move along with the movement of water flow. Namely, two parallel glass plates are used for swinging to apply shear stress to water absorption beads, tracer particles and water in a test tank, so as to simulate the stress environment in the sediment particle deposition process. Because the swing time of the glass plate is not limited and can be set to any time, the movement time of the sediment particles under the influence of the shear stress is not limited, the limitation of the time scale of sediment particle deposition rule research is broken through, the sediment process of the sediment particles is simulated better, the test data is more accurate, and the influence of a fluid velocity field on the sediment particle deposition rule is favorably researched.
Finally, Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is performed using a measuring device. The PIV is a non-intervention speed measurement method, does not disturb a flow field, and has the following principle: the tracer particles are illuminated twice continuously when flowing through a specific plane, and the images of the two times are subjected to cross-correlation analysis to obtain the velocity field of the fluid. The two-dimensional velocity vector of the fluid is equal to the time interval between two images of particle bit removal, and the imaging speed measurement mode is favorable for reducing measurement errors.
Specifically, a measuring device firstly utilizes a laser particle imaging device to obtain a group of displacement images according to a preset time interval, wherein the displacement images are displacement images of water absorption beads and tracer particles in a region between two glass plates; and then receiving the group of displacement images by using a PC (personal computer), performing cross-correlation analysis by using an image processing technology to obtain the displacement rules of the tracer particles and the water-absorbing beads, and calculating the moving speed of the tracer particles and the displacement characteristics of the sediment particles by combining the shooting time interval, so that the influence of a fluid velocity field on the sediment particle deposition rule can be accurately researched.
Fig. 2 is a front view of a laser path of a measuring device in a sediment particle deposition simulation test device according to an embodiment of the invention.
Optionally, the measuring device comprises: a laser particle imaging device and PC 27.
The laser particle imaging apparatus includes: a laser 16, an optical conversion device, and a high speed camera 25.
The laser 16 is provided above the test water tank 1, and emits a laser beam to a side surface of the test water tank 1.
An optical conversion device is disposed between the laser 16 and the test water tank 1 for converting the laser beam into sheet light to irradiate the water-absorbing beads 3 and the trace particles 30.
Wherein the laser 16 can emit laser light of different colors, such as green laser, and the power of the laser 16 is 4KW to 10KW, for example, the power of the laser is 4 KW.
Alternatively, the optical switching device, as shown in fig. 2, includes: a longitudinal short-focus concave lens 17, a transverse concave lens 18, a refractor 19, a longitudinal long-focus concave lens 20, and a triangular lens 21, which are arranged in this order in the optical path direction.
The focal length of the longitudinal short-focus concave lens 17 can be 30 mm-50 mm, the focal length of the transverse concave lens 18 can be 150 mm-200 mm, the focal length of the longitudinal long-focus concave lens 20 can be 100 mm-150 mm, and the diffusion angle of the triangular lens 21 is 30 degrees.
In addition, a high-speed camera 25 is provided on the front surface of the test water tank 1 for capturing displacement images, and the high-speed camera 25 is connected to a PC27 through a data line 26, as shown in fig. 3.
The high-speed camera can also be positioned on the back of the test water tank, and the high-speed camera can adopt a color camera with the highest shooting frequency of 400fps, and the shooting area of the color camera is an area which is provided with water absorbing beads between two transparent glass plates. And, the lens of the high-speed camera can be equipped with the filter, and this filter can be orange filter.
Fig. 4 is a front view of a power plant of a sediment particle deposition simulation test apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 4, the power device is used for providing power capable of automatically running for the sediment particle deposition simulation test device, and comprises: the glass plate driving device comprises a driving device, a connecting shaft 8A and a connecting shaft 8B, wherein the connecting shaft 8A is connected with the glass plate 2A, and the connecting shaft 8B is connected with the glass plate 2B.
Optionally, the drive means comprises: a driving gear 9A, a driving gear 9B, an electric gear 32, a manual gear 11, and a belt 10 with teeth on both the inside and outside.
The driving gear 9A is connected with the connecting shaft 8A, the driving gear 9B is connected with the connecting shaft 8B, the driving gear 9A and the driving gear 9B are both meshed with teeth of the conveyor belt 10, and the driving gear 9A drives the connecting shaft 8A to drive the glass plate 2A to swing; the driving gear 9B drives the connecting shaft 8B to swing the glass plate 2B.
The connecting shafts 8A and 8B may be stainless steel tubes with brinell hardness, and may have a length of 30cm to 50cm, an inner diameter of 6mm to 13mm, and a wall thickness of 1mm to 1.5mm, for example, the connecting shafts 8A and 8B may have a length of 30cm, an inner diameter of 8mm, and a wall thickness of 1 mm.
The driving gears 9A and 9B have the same size, the diameter may be 5cm to 10cm, the width may be 4cm to 8cm, each driving gear may include 17 to 30 teeth 28, and the tooth surface roughness may be 1.2 to 1.8, for example, the driving gear has a diameter of 6cm, a width of 8cm, including 17 teeth, and a tooth surface roughness of 1.2.
The electric gear 32 and the manual gear 11 are placed in parallel, the size of the electric gear and the manual gear is the same, the diameter of the electric gear and the manual gear can be 10 cm-20 cm, the width of the electric gear and the manual gear can be 4 cm-8 cm, the electric gear and the manual gear can respectively comprise 35-60 teeth, the tooth surface roughness can be 1.2-1.8, for example, the diameter of the electric gear and the tooth surface roughness are 12cm, the width of the electric gear and the tooth surface roughness are 8cm, the electric gear and the manual.
Alternatively, the conveyor belt 10 is sleeved outside the electric gear 32 and the manual gear 11, has a width of 4cm to 8cm, and has inner teeth engaged with the teeth of the electric gear 32 and the manual gear 11 and outer teeth engaged with the teeth of the driving gears 9A and 9B.
Optionally, two holes are formed in the bottom of the test water tank 1, the connecting shaft 8A penetrates through one hole and then is connected with the glass plate 2A, the connecting shaft 8B penetrates through the other hole and then is connected with the glass plate 2B, and the connecting parts of the holes and the connecting shaft are sealed by silica gel 7.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a power device, which may be disposed below or above the test water tank, and when disposed above the test water tank, the connecting shaft 8A is directly connected to the upper portion of the glass plate 2A, and the connecting shaft 8B is directly connected to the upper portion of the glass plate 2B, and of course, the power device and the laser particle imaging device are disposed in a staggered manner so as not to affect the light path.
Optionally, the sediment particle deposition simulation test device may further include: and a steel wire rope 14 for suspending the test water tank and the laser particle imaging device, wherein the test water tank 1 is suspended on the roof 22, the steel wire rope 14 has a diameter of 3 cm-8 cm and a length of 150 cm-250 cm, and the steel wire rope 14 is a double-twisted or triple-twisted steel wire rope made of stainless steel.
In addition, the high-speed camera 25 may be fixed to the wire rope 14 by a fixing bracket 15.
The laser is suspended from a fixed support 15 and fixed to the cable 14.
The longitudinal short-focus concave lens, the lateral concave lens, the refractor, the longitudinal long-focus concave lens, and the triangular lens are all suspended on the fixing bracket 15.
Fig. 5 is a matching diagram of a transmission belt and a driving gear in a power device of the sediment particle deposition simulation test device in the embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 6, the driving gear 9A is connected to the connecting shaft 8A, and the teeth 28 of the driving gear 9A mesh with the outer teeth 29 of the conveyor belt 10 to drive the connecting shaft 8A, thereby swinging the glass plate 2A.
Fig. 6 is a flow chart of a sediment particle deposition simulation test method according to an embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 6, the sediment particle deposition simulation test method includes:
step S100: soaking the water-absorbing beads with different grain diameters in water for a set time to ensure that the water-absorbing beads fully absorb water and swell.
Optionally, several dry water-absorbing beads with 2-3 particle sizes are selected and soaked in water for at least 4 hours respectively to fully absorb water and swell, wherein the water-absorbing beads can be transparent water-absorbing beads.
Step S200: and (3) placing the tracer particles and the soaked water-absorbing beads between two parallel glass plates in a test water tank according to a preset proportion.
Alternatively, the tracer particles are 20um PMMA tracer particles dyed by Rhotamine B, the density of the PMMA tracer particles is the same as that of the water body, the PMMA tracer particles can be fully mixed and suspended in the water, and the input amount of the PMMA tracer particles is 1 g-3 g.
Step S300: and (4) injecting clear water into the test water tank to enable the water surface to submerge at least the top of the water absorption bead.
Step S400: the two glass plates are driven by the power device to synchronously swing.
Wherein, after power is switched on through power cord 13, electric gear 32 clockwise, anticlockwise reciprocating rotation, through adjusting electric gear power, control electric gear's swing angle, perhaps, when the power cord is not switched on, through manual control manual regulation pole 12 control manual gear 11 rotation, later drive the conveyer belt operation, and then drive gear clockwise, anticlockwise reciprocating rotation, drive gear passes through the connecting axle and drives two glass sheet swings about.
Step S500: a laser beam is generated by a laser.
Wherein the laser may be disposed above the test water bath, and may emit a helium-neon laser beam, a copper vapor laser beam, an argon particle laser beam, a semiconductor laser beam, or the like.
Step S600: the optical conversion device converts the laser beam into sheet light and irradiates the water absorbing beads and the tracer particles.
Wherein the optical conversion device includes: the lens comprises a longitudinal short-focus concave lens, a transverse concave lens, a refractor, a longitudinal long-focus concave lens and a triangular lens which are sequentially arranged along the direction of a light path.
The longitudinal short-focus concave lens is used for longitudinally focusing the laser beam.
The transverse concave lens is used for transversely focusing the laser beam after the longitudinal focusing.
The refractor is used for refracting the laser beam after transverse focusing to the longitudinal long-focus concave lens.
The longitudinal long-focus concave lens is used for longitudinally focusing the laser beam after refraction.
The triangular lens is used for diffusing the laser beam after longitudinal focusing to obtain sheet light.
During the test, the positions of the four lenses and the refractor are adjusted, so that the laser beam just passes through the four lenses, the transverse focus point of the sheet light is positioned between the glass plate 2A and the glass plate 2B, and the longitudinal irradiation range can cover the whole water absorption bead 3 area.
Step S700: and (3) shooting displacement images of the water absorbing beads and the tracer particles by adopting a high-speed camera at the front side or the rear side of the test water tank according to a preset shooting frequency.
In addition, the high-speed camera lens is perpendicular to the laser irradiation surface, and the height and the angle of the bracket of the high-speed camera 25 are adjusted to enable the shooting range to include the range of the water absorption beads irradiated by the laser.
According to the experiment requirements, the shooting frequency of the high-speed camera 25 is adjusted through the PC27, and shooting is timed for the camera 25.
Step S800: and the PC performs cross-correlation analysis on the received displacement image by using an image processing technology, and calculates a water velocity field of a water absorption bead gap and a displacement field of the water absorption bead.
In the method, the tracer particles can be added between two parallel glass plates in the test water tank together with the soaked water-absorbing beads before the test water tank is filled with water, or can be added between two parallel glass plates in the test water tank after the test water tank is filled with water.
In addition, the test method further comprises:
before starting the test, the lights in the laboratory are turned off and natural light is prevented from entering, and after the test is finished, the photographed displacement image is saved, the laser 16, the high-speed camera 25 and the electric gear 32 are turned off, and the test water tank is cleaned.
The following exemplary description uses the above sediment particle deposition simulation test apparatus to perform the test simulation steps of the transition law during the sediment particle deposition process with two particle sizes, the test includes five groups of tests, the first group of tests includes the following steps:
selecting a plurality of dry water-absorbing beads with 2 particle sizes, and soaking in water for at least 4 hours to ensure that the beads fully absorb water and swell, wherein the particle sizes are 1cm and 3cm respectively after water absorption.
The water-absorbing beads with two particle sizes after absorbing water are placed between two glass plates of a test groove according to the proportion of 1: 1.
Clean water is injected into the test water tank 1, and the horizontal surface at least submerges the top of the water absorption bead.
Adding 1 g-3 g of PMMA tracer particles of 20um dyed by Rhotamine B into clear water.
The two glass plates are driven by the power device to synchronously swing.
The laser 16 and high speed camera 25 are turned on, the laboratory lights are turned off and natural light is avoided.
The laser beam emitted by the laser passes through the longitudinal short-focus concave lens 17, the transverse concave lens 18, the refractor 19, the longitudinal long-focus concave lens 20 and the triangular lens 21, so that the transverse focusing point of the beam is positioned between the glass plate 2A and the glass plate 2B, and the longitudinal irradiation range covers the whole water absorption bead 3 area to irradiate the water absorption bead and the trace particles.
According to the experiment requirement, the shooting frequency of the high-speed camera 25 is adjusted through the PC, and the displacement images of the water absorbing beads and the tracer particles are shot by the high-speed camera at the front side or the rear side of the test water tank according to the preset shooting frequency at the camera shooting timing.
And the PC performs cross-correlation analysis on the received displacement image by using an image processing technology, and calculates a water velocity field of a water absorption bead gap and a displacement field of the water absorption bead.
After the test is finished, the shot displacement image is saved, the laser 16, the high-speed camera 25 and the electric gear 32 are turned off, and the test water tank 1 is cleaned.
Second to fifth set of experiments: the water-absorbing beads with two particle sizes after water absorption are respectively mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:2, 1:4 and 4: 1. the mixture is placed between two glass plates of a test water tank in a ratio of 2:1, and the other tests are the same as the first group.
Through the test, the influence of the fluid velocity field on the sediment process of the sediment particles with different particle sizes is effectively obtained, and the sediment particle sediment simulation test on a long-time scale is realized.
In conclusion, the invention provides a sediment particle deposition simulation test device and a sediment particle deposition simulation test method, which are characterized in that water-absorbing beads with the same refractive index as water are used for simulating sediment particles with different particle sizes and are added between two parallel glass plates in a test water tank, the power device is adopted to control the two parallel glass plates to swing left and right, so that the water absorption beads move along with the swing of the glass plates, namely the two parallel glass plates are used to swing to apply shear stress to the water absorption beads to simulate the stress environment in the sediment particle deposition process, the swing time of the glass plates is not limited and can be set to any time, therefore, the time for the sediment particles to move under the influence of the shear stress is not limited, so that the limitation of the time scale for researching the sediment particle deposition rule is broken through, the sediment process of the sediment particles is simulated better, the test data is more accurate, and the influence of a fluid velocity field on the sediment particle deposition rule is favorably researched. In addition, the invention simulates the shear stress environment borne by the silt particles on a long time scale through the two swinging glass plates in the test water tank, and compared with the long water tank adopted in the conventional test, the invention reduces the length of the test water tank, thereby reducing the occupied space of the test device.
In addition, the invention adds the tracer particles into the test water tank, utilizes the Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV) technology, irradiates the tracer particles and the water absorbing beads with the sheet light converted by the laser beam, is matched with a high-speed camera to shoot a group of displacement images of the tracer particles and the water absorbing beads according to a preset shooting rule, then performs cross-correlation analysis on the group of displacement images to obtain the displacement rules of the tracer particles and the water absorbing beads, and calculates the moving speed of the tracer particles and the displacement characteristics of the silt particles by combining the shooting time interval, thereby being beneficial to accurately researching the influence of the fluid velocity field on the sediment rule of the silt particles.
In addition, laser beams emitted by the laser are processed by the transverse concave lens, the longitudinal short-focus concave lens, the longitudinal long-focus concave lens, the refractor and the triangular lens and then are converted into sheet light to irradiate the water-absorbing beads and the tracing particles, stray light of the sheet light is reduced by utilizing the light path, so that the image is clearer, and the finally obtained calculation result is more accurate.
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying specific embodiments in the invention, and the description of the embodiments is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a silt particle deposition simulation test device which characterized in that includes: the device comprises a test water tank, a power device and a measuring device;
the test water tank is internally provided with two glass plates, a plurality of water absorption beads and tracer particles which are positioned between the two glass plates; the glass plate is always in contact with the bottom of the test water tank, and the length of the glass plate is equal to the width of the test water tank;
the power device is connected with the two glass plates and can drive the two glass plates to synchronously swing, and the two glass plates are always parallel to each other in the swinging process;
the measuring device includes:
the laser particle imaging device is used for acquiring displacement images of the water absorption beads and the tracer particles;
the PC is connected with the laser particle imaging device, receives the displacement image, and calculates a water velocity field of the water absorption bead gap and a displacement field of the water absorption bead according to the displacement image;
wherein the laser particle imaging apparatus comprises: a laser, an optical conversion device, and a high-speed camera;
the optical conversion device is arranged between the laser and the test water tank and is used for converting the laser beam into sheet light so as to irradiate the water absorption beads and the tracer particles;
the optical conversion device includes: the lens comprises a longitudinal short-focus concave lens, a transverse concave lens, a refractor, a longitudinal long-focus concave lens and a triangular lens which are sequentially arranged along the direction of a light path;
the longitudinal short-focus concave lens is used for longitudinally focusing the laser beam;
the transverse concave lens is used for transversely focusing the laser beam after being longitudinally focused;
the refractor is used for refracting the laser beam after transverse focusing to the longitudinal long-focus concave lens;
the longitudinal long-focus concave lens is used for longitudinally focusing the refracted laser beam;
the triangular lens is used for diffusing the laser beam after longitudinal focusing to obtain the sheet light.
2. The sediment particle deposition simulation test apparatus according to claim 1,
the laser is arranged above the test water tank and used for emitting laser beams to the test water tank;
the high-speed camera is located on the front side or the back side of the test water tank and used for shooting the displacement image, and the high-speed camera is connected with the PC.
3. The sediment particle deposition simulation test device of claim 2, wherein a filter is arranged on a lens of the high-speed camera.
4. The sediment particle deposition simulation test device of claim 1, wherein the power plant comprises: the glass plate fixing device comprises a driving device and two connecting shafts connected with the driving device, wherein each connecting shaft is connected with one of the glass plates.
5. The sediment particle deposition simulation test device of claim 4, wherein the driving device comprises: two driving gears, an electric gear, a manual gear and a conveyor belt with teeth on the inner side and the outer side;
the electric gear is connected with a power line, and one of the electric gear and the manual gear drives the conveyor belt to transmit;
and the two driving gears are respectively connected with one of the connecting shafts and meshed with the teeth of the conveying belt to drive the connecting shafts to drive the glass plate to swing.
6. The sediment particle deposition simulation test device of claim 4, wherein a hole is formed in the bottom of the test water tank, the connecting shaft penetrates through the hole and then is connected with the corresponding glass plate, and the connecting part of the hole and the connecting shaft is sealed by silica gel.
7. The sediment particle deposition simulation test device of claim 1, further comprising: and the steel wire rope is used for suspending the test water tank and the laser particle imaging device.
8. The sediment particle deposition simulation test device of claim 7, further comprising: the fixed support is fixed on the steel wire rope;
the fixing bracket is used for fixing the optical conversion device, the laser and the high-speed camera.
9. The sediment particle deposition simulation test device as claimed in claim 1, wherein a water inlet and an overflow port are formed in the side surface of the test flume, and a water outlet is formed in the bottom surface of the test flume; wherein, the water inlet is arranged at the top of the side surface of the test water tank.
10. A sediment particle deposition simulation test method using the sediment particle deposition simulation test apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising:
soaking the water-absorbing beads with different particle sizes in water for a set time to ensure that the water-absorbing beads fully absorb water and expand;
placing the tracer particles and the soaked water-absorbing beads between two parallel glass plates in a test water tank according to a preset proportion;
injecting clear water into the test water tank to enable the water surface to at least submerge the top of the water absorption bead;
the two glass plates are driven by a power device to synchronously swing;
generating a laser beam by a laser;
the optical conversion device converts the laser beam into sheet light and irradiates the water absorption beads and the tracer particles;
shooting displacement images of the water absorption beads and the tracer particles at the front side or the rear side of the test water tank by a high-speed camera according to a preset shooting frequency, and transmitting the displacement images to a PC (personal computer);
and the PC machine performs cross-correlation analysis on the received displacement image by using an image processing technology, and calculates a water velocity field of the water absorption bead gap and a displacement field of the water absorption bead.
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