CN108917290A - 用于冷却低温流体流的设备和方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于冷却低温流体流、尤其是用于冷凝流体(气体和/或液体)的混合物中的气体的设备，所述设备(1)包括制冷机(2)，该制冷机包括配备有交换表面(4)的冷头(3)，冷头(3)的交换表面与包括传热材料质量块(5)的热交换器进行热交换，传热材料质量块(5)与待冷却的低温流体流进行热交换，所述设备的特征在于，待冷却的低温流体的回路包括用于供给旨在与传热材料质量块(5)进行热交换的流体流的管线(6)和用于回收已与传热材料质量块(5)进行热交换的流体流的管线(7)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于冷却低温流体的设备。
本发明更具体地涉及一种用于冷却低温流体流、尤其用于冷凝流体(气体和/或液体)的混合物中的气体的设备，所述设备包括制冷机，该制冷机包括配备有换热表面的冷头，冷头的换热表面与包括传热材料质量块/团块的热交换器进行热交换，该传热材料质量块与待冷却的低温流体流进行热交换。
本发明尤其涉及一种用于冷却由气态或部分液态的混合物组成的低温流体的设备。
特别地，本发明可有利地涉及氦/氖混合物流中的氖的冷凝，其中使该混合物变成接近氖的三相点(24.5K)。
本发明可以应用于我们希望通过与平坦冷表面进行热交换来冷却或甚至冷凝一种或多种成分的任何类型的混合物。本发明具有高度开发的交换表面，其总体尺寸有限。
背景技术
用于进行所述冷凝的冷却设备的已知解决方案虽然令人满意，但是要么昂贵且复杂，要么效率不够。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是克服上述现有技术的一些或全部缺点。
为此目的，符合在前文中给出的一般定义的根据本发明的设备的特征主要在于，待冷却的低温流体的回路包括用于供应旨在与传热材料质量块进行热交换的流体流的管线和用于在流体流已与传热材料质量块进行热交换之后回收流体流的管线。
此外，本发明的实施例可以包括一个或更多个以下特征：
-传热材料质量块至少部分地由金属材料——尤其是铜、铜合金、铝或铝合金——组成，
-传热材料质量块与冷头的交换表面相接触，并且在传热材料质量块与冷头的交换表面之间设有镀金和/或金合金和/或铟和/或导热油脂的层，
-与传热材料质量块相接触的表面中的至少一者和冷头的交换表面均包括厚度在0.1μm与100μm之间的镀金，
-待冷却的低温流体的回路包括传送待冷却的流体流的盘管，所述盘管在进料管线与回收管线之间卷绕在传热材料质量块周围，
-盘管从与交换表面相对的第一下端到邻近交换表面的第二上端卷绕在传热材料质量块周围，
-盘管由一管线组成，该管线由传热材料、尤其是金属制成，特别是由铜、铜合金、铝或铝合金制成，
-盘管通过软钎焊和/或通过焊接和/或机械附接且尤其是机械夹持固定在传热材料质量块上，
-卷绕在传热材料质量块周围的盘管的线匝被放置在形成于传热材料质量块的外周表面中的相应沟槽中，
-传热材料质量块包括以下中的至少一者：设置用于以螺纹方式固定在冷头上的至少一个孔或内螺纹、设置用于温度传感器的至少一个孔、设置用于诸如加热电阻的加热装置的至少一个孔，
-传热材料质量块具有大体圆柱形形状，其中心纵向轴线和母线垂直于冷头的交换表面。
本发明还涉及一种用于冷凝呈气态形式的包含氖和氦的气体混合物的流中的氖的方法，其中气体流在根据上文或下文提出的特征中的任何一个特征的设备中被冷却至低于或等于氖的冷凝温度的温度。
本发明还可涉及包括上文或下文提出的特征的任何组合的任何替代设备或方法。
附图说明
在阅读以下参照附图给出的描述后，其它特定特征和优点将变得更明显，在附图中：
-图1示出示意性的局部侧视图，图示了根据本发明的冷却设备的一个示例的结构示例和操作，
-图2示出沿图1中的线BB的截面图，
-图3示出沿图2中的线AA的竖直纵向截面图。
具体实施方式
附图所示的冷却设备1包括制冷机2，该制冷机包括配备有末端交换表面4的冷头3。
冷头3的交换表面4例如形成与包括传热材料质量块5的热交换器进行热交换的圆盘。
传热材料质量块5例如呈大体圆柱形，其端部(上表面)与冷头3的末端4相接触。
例如，传热材料质量块5至少部分由金属材料——例如铜或铝或铜合金或铝合金——组成。
冷头4与质量块5之间的接触可通过机械夹持、通过钎焊(例如基于锡或银的填充合金)或通过焊接来实现。
优选地，冷头与质量块5之间的接触通过机械夹持来实现。例如，如图2和图3所示，传热材料质量块5可包括布置在质量块的中心周围并且为用于固定在冷头3上的螺钉设置的多个孔或内螺纹11。
传热材料质量块5的本体的其余部分的至少一部分与待冷却的低温流体流进行热交换。
设备1包括待冷却的低温流体的回路，该回路包括用于供给旨在与传热材料质量块5进行热交换的流体流的管线6和用于回收或排出已与传热材料质量块5进行热交换的流体流的管线7。
根据一个有利特征，可通过在传热材料质量块5与冷头3的交换表面4之间设置由显著改善交换表面4与传热材料质量块5之间的接触阻力(通过电化学沉积镀金或例如金合金或铟合金的填料和/或导热油脂)的材料构成的层8、9来使传热材料质量块5与冷头3的换热表面4相接触。
导热油脂例如可以是高真空用润滑脂类型的材料。
例如，传热材料质量块5和冷头3的交换表面4的两个接触面均可包括厚度在0.1μm与100μm之间的层或镀金。当然，作为变型，也可在两个面之一上设置一层镀金。
这使得可以降低与冷表面的接触阻力。提高了设备1的效率。此外，这也限制了局部腐蚀/氧化的风险。
如图所示，待冷却的低温流体的回路有利地包括在供给管线6与回收管线7之间传送待冷却的流体流的盘管10。
盘管10在供给管线6与回收管线7之间卷绕在传热材料质量块5周围。
优选地，盘管10从与交换表面4相对的第一下端到邻近交换表面4的第二上端(即图1中从底部至顶部)卷绕在传热材料质量块5周围。亦即，取决于盘管10中的流体的循环方向，流体通过经过传热材料质量块5的周向表面来接近冷头3。
优选地，盘管10由一管线组成，该管线由传热材料、尤其是金属、特别是铜(或铜合金)或铝(或铝合金)制成。
此外，盘管10可通过软钎焊(基于锡或银)、机械焊接或机械支承系统(例如带有包围外周盘管的夹持组件的外壳)固定在传热材料质量块5上。
此外，如图3中可见的，卷绕在传热材料质量块5周围的盘管10的线匝可被放置在形成于传热材料质量块5的周向表面中的相应沟槽中。
该结构允许高交换效率。特别地，质量块5和盘管10的材料尤其在铜(导热率在4K与40K之间大幅升高)或铝的情况下可被选择成在工作温度下具有最大导热率，由此最大限度地减小相关的热阻。
热交换器例如可以至少部分地使用银或锡软钎焊制成：例如，铜型CuC2(质量块)上的铜型CuC1(盘管)。
如在图3中可见的，孔12或盲孔可设置用于收纳温度传感器。
该温度传感器可设置用于控制收纳在中心孔13中的诸如加热电阻的加热装置，以微调质量块5的温度并因此控制冷却温度。
因此，在结构简单可靠的同时，该装置具有高效率，尤其是针对冷凝氦和氖的流中所包含的氖气。
Claims (9)
1.一种用于冷却低温流体流、尤其是用于冷凝流体(气体和/或液体)的混合物中的气体的设备，所述设备(1)包括制冷机(2)，所述制冷机包括配备有交换表面(4)的冷头(3)，所述冷头(3)的交换表面(4)与包括传热材料质量块(5)的热交换器进行热交换，所述传热材料质量块(5)与待冷却的低温流体流进行热交换，所述设备的特征在于，待冷却的低温流体的回路包括用于供给旨在与所述传热材料质量块(5)进行热交换的流体流的管线(6)和用于回收已与所述传热材料质量块(5)进行热交换的流体流的管线(7)，并且，所述待冷却的低温流体的回路包括传送待冷却的流体流的盘管(10)，所述盘管(10)在所述供给管线(6)与所述回收管线(7)之间卷绕在所述传热材料质量块(5)周围，所述盘管(10)从与所述交换表面(4)相对的第一下端到邻近所述交换表面(4)的第二上端卷绕在所述传热材料质量块(5)周围。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，所述传热材料质量块(5)至少部分地由金属材料——尤其是铜、铜合金、铝或铝合金——组成。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的设备，其特征在于，所述传热材料质量块(5)与所述冷头(3)的交换表面(4)相接触，并且，在所述传热材料质量块(5)与所述冷头(3)的交换表面(4)之间设有镀金的和/或金合金和/或铟合金的和/或导热油脂的层(8，9)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的设备，其特征在于，所述传热材料质量块(5)和所述冷头(3)的交换表面(4)的接触面中的至少一者包括厚度在0.1μm与100μm之间的镀金。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，所述盘管(10)由一管线组成，所述管线由传热材料、尤其是金属材料制成，特别是由铜、铜合金、铝或铝合金制成。
6.根据权利要求5所述的设备，其特征在于，所述盘管(10)通过钎焊在所述传热材料质量块(5)上和/或通过焊接和/或机械附接、尤其是机械夹持而被固定。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，卷绕在所述传热材料质量块(5)周围的盘管(10)的线匝被放置在形成于所述传热材料质量块(5)的外周表面中的相应沟槽中。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，所述传热材料质量块(5)包括以下中的至少一者：设置用于以螺纹方式固定在所述冷头(3)上的至少一个孔或内螺纹(11)、设置用于温度传感器的至少一个孔(12)、设置用于诸如加热电阻的加热装置的至少一个孔(13)。
9.一种用于冷凝呈气态形式的包含氖和氦的气体混合物流中的氖的方法，其中气体流在根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的设备中被冷却到低于或等于氖的冷凝温度的温度。
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