Settlement monitoring equipment under big discrepancy in elevation condition
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy, roads, refuse landfills, foundations and the like, in particular to settlement monitoring equipment under a large height difference condition.
Background
In a certain road engineering, one side of the road is provided with a built retaining wall, the elevation of the retaining wall is 44m, and the foundation of the retaining wall is arranged in a bearing layer in a foundation; the ground elevation of the road to be built is 32m and is smaller than the wall top elevation of the retaining wall; the design elevation of the roadbed of the road to be built is 34.8 m; the construction unit requires to monitor the subgrade settlement of road, because retaining wall is 12m apart from the ground height of waiting to build the road, and when monitoring, need follow the retaining wall crest and walk down along stair and wait to build the road and monitor, because the difference in height is great, when monitoring personnel were carrying monitoring facilities and are monitoring, danger and work load are all great.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide settlement monitoring equipment under the condition of large height difference and aims to save workload.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a settlement monitoring device under the condition of large height difference is characterized in that a settlement plate (2) is buried in a preset position of a project to be built, the settlement plate (2) comprises a bottom plate and an upper pipe welded on the bottom plate, and a rope fixer is installed in the upper pipe;
also includes: a rope (3), a rope steering device (4) and a horizontal shifter (5);
a rope steering device (4) is fixed at the top of the retaining wall, and the rope steering device (4) is suspended right above the settling plate (2); the rope steering device is a hollow pipe, a pulley is arranged in the hollow pipe, and an opening is formed in the lower part of the hollow pipe;
one end of a rope (3) is fixed on a rope fixer in the upper pipe, then passes through the upper pipe upwards, enters the rope steering device from the lower opening of the rope steering device, then is steered by a pulley to enable the rope to be steered from a vertical state to a horizontal state, then passes through one end of the rope steering device positioned on the retaining wall and is connected with a horizontal shifter (5);
the horizontal shifter is fixed behind the retaining wall;
the large height difference condition means that: the height difference between the wall top of the retaining wall and the preset position of the project to be built is more than 5 m.
Further, still include: the wall rear fixing device (4-1) and the inclined strut (4-2) are respectively arranged behind the retaining wall and in front of the retaining wall, the inclined strut (4-2) is arranged between the retaining wall (1) and the rope steering device (4), and the wall rear fixing device (4-1) is arranged between the soil behind the retaining wall and the rope steering device (4); the bottom of the wall rear fixing device (4-1) is provided with a radial protrusion.
Further, the horizontal shifter (5) includes: the measuring tape comprises a connecting ring (5-1), a dynamometer (5-2), a scale band (5-3) and a shifter shell (5-4), wherein a reel is installed inside the shifter shell (5-4), a rotary spring is arranged inside the reel, insections are arranged on two axial sides of the reel, and the measuring tape is wound in the middle of the reel; more than 1 caliper friction device is arranged outside the shifter shell (5-4), the end part of the caliper friction device (5-5) is provided with an arc part corresponding to the insection of the reel, and the insection is arranged on the inner side of the arc part.
Further, the pretension of the cord is adjusted by means of a swivel spring and caliper friction device.
Further, the height of the upper pipe of the settlement plate is not less than the roadbed filling height plus the roadbed theoretical settlement amount.
The rope steering device and the horizontal shifter are both arranged on the bearing plate, a base structure is arranged under the bearing plate and fixed in a soil body behind the retaining wall and/or the retaining wall.
Furthermore, a plug is rotatably arranged at the pipe orifice of the upper pipe of the settling plate, threads are arranged on the inner surface of the plug and are connected to the pipe orifice of the upper pipe, a hole is formed in the upper surface of the plug, and a rope extends out of the hole in the upper surface of the plug.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) after the settling plate is installed, no pipe connection is needed to be considered, so that the workload is saved;
2) the height of the pipe orifice does not need to be measured during measurement, and only the horizontal displacement device needs to read, so that the method is particularly suitable for the situation in the first embodiment, the workload is reduced, and the labor is saved;
3) a specific installation method of the monitoring device is explained.
4) The upper pipe of the settling pipe needs to be arranged well before filling soil, namely, the upper pipe cannot be heightened during filling soil, so that the settling pipe is suitable for the situation that the filling soil is low in height (the upper pipe is more than 4m and is difficult to install).
Drawings
The invention will be further described in detail with reference to examples of embodiments shown in the drawings to which, however, the invention is not restricted.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a sedimentation monitoring apparatus according to the first embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a schematic design diagram of a horizontal shifter in the first embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a schematic connection diagram of a reel and a caliper friction device in the horizontal shifter according to the first embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the sedimentation monitoring apparatus according to the second embodiment.
Fig. 5 is a schematic illustration of the plug of the upper tube of the settling plate in the third example.
Fig. 6 is an installation schematic diagram of the location of the sedimentation monitoring apparatus in the third embodiment.
Fig. 7 is a vertical schematic view of a rope steering apparatus in the third embodiment.
Fig. 8 is a top view of the rope diverting device in the third embodiment.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: in a certain road engineering, one side of the road engineering is provided with a built retaining wall 1, the elevation of the retaining wall 1 is 44m, and the foundation of the retaining wall 1 is arranged in a bearing layer in a foundation;
the ground elevation of the road to be built is 32m and is smaller than the wall top elevation of the retaining wall;
the design elevation of the roadbed of the road to be built is 34.8 m;
the construction unit requires to monitor the subgrade settlement of road, because retaining wall is 12m apart from the ground height of waiting to build the road, and when monitoring, need follow the retaining wall crest and walk down along stair and wait to build the road and monitor, because the difference in height is great, when monitoring personnel were carrying monitoring facilities and are monitoring, danger and work load are all great.
For this purpose, the following monitoring devices were used:
burying a settlement plate 2 at a preset position, wherein the settlement plate 2 comprises a bottom plate and an upper pipe welded on the bottom plate, and a rope fixer is arranged in the upper pipe;
also includes: a rope 3, a rope steering device 4, a horizontal displacer 5;
fixing a rope steering device 4 at the top of the retaining wall, wherein the rope steering device 4 is suspended right above the settling plate 2; the rope steering device is a hollow pipe, a pulley is arranged in the hollow pipe, and an opening is formed in the lower part of the hollow pipe;
one end of the rope 3 is fixed on a rope fixer in the upper pipe, then passes through the upper pipe upwards, enters the rope steering device from the lower opening of the rope steering device, then is steered by a pulley to enable the rope to be steered from a vertical state to a horizontal state, then passes through one end of the rope steering device positioned on the retaining wall and is connected with a horizontal shifter 5;
the horizontal shifter is fixed behind the retaining wall;
further comprising: the wall rear fixing device 4-1 and the inclined strut 4-2 are respectively arranged behind the retaining wall and in front of the retaining wall, the inclined strut 4-2 is arranged between the retaining wall 1 and the rope steering device 4, and the wall rear fixing device 4-1 is arranged between the soil behind the retaining wall and the rope steering device 4; the bottom of the wall rear fixing device 4-1 is provided with a radial protrusion.
According to the scheme of the first embodiment, when the settling plate settles, the rope fixing device is driven to descend together, one end of the rope is pulled downwards, the other end of the rope is pulled out for equal length, namely, in the first embodiment, the vertical settling of the settling plate is not directly measured, but the vertical settling of the settling plate is obtained by measuring the horizontal displacement of the horizontal displacer.
The horizontal shifter 5 includes: the measuring tape comprises a connecting ring 5-1, a dynamometer 5-2, a scale belt 5-3 and a shifter shell 5-4, wherein a reel is installed inside the shifter shell 5-4, a rotary spring is arranged inside the reel, insections are arranged on two axial sides of the reel, and the measuring tape is wound in the middle of the reel; more than 1 caliper friction device is arranged outside the shifter shell 5-4, the end part of the caliper friction device 5-5 is provided with an arc part corresponding to the insection of the reel, and the insection is arranged on the inner side of the arc part.
The horizontal displacer 5 adjusts the pretension of the rope 3 by means of a swivel spring and caliper friction device, the number of which can be adjusted.
When the settlement plate 1 descends, the ropes 3 always keep a certain pretension force, so that the ropes 3 are not loosened, and the measurement accuracy of the horizontal shifter 5 is ensured.
When the settlement plate descends, the ropes 3 are not suitable to be in contact with the roadbed filling, and the height of the upper pipes of the settlement plate is not less than the roadbed filling height plus the roadbed settlement amount; in the case of a single pipe body, the subgrade settlement amount can be the theoretical value given by a design unit when the height is determined.
The upper pipe of the settling pipe is a steel pipe.
The first embodiment has the advantages that: 1) after the settling plate is installed, no pipe connection is needed; 2) the height of the pipe orifice does not need to be measured any more during measurement, and only the horizontal displacement device needs to be read, so that the method is particularly suitable for the situation in the first embodiment, the workload is reduced, and the labor is saved.
Example two: as shown in fig. 4, the rope steering device 4 and the horizontal shifter 5 are both placed on the bearing plate 6, and a foundation structure is arranged under the bearing plate and fixed in the retaining wall and/or the soil behind the retaining wall.
The practical significance of the scheme of the second embodiment is as follows: the base structure is arranged under the bearing plate, so that the height of the rope steering device can be increased. It faces engineering problems: when the elevation of the top surface of the roadbed of the road to be built is greater than the elevation of the top surface of the retaining wall, at the moment, the rope steering device can be buried in the roadbed at the later stage of construction, however, the monitoring device of the invention can operate on the basis that: the height of the pulleys in the rope diverting arrangement is constant; and once buried in the roadbed, the roadbed will settle down inevitably.
Thus, the height of the foundation structure below the high loading floor can be predetermined during the design, ensuring that the elevation of the bottom side of the rope deflection device 4 is greater than the elevation of the topside of the road to be erected.
Example three: as shown in figure 5, a plug 2-1 is rotatably arranged at the pipe orifice of the upper pipe of the settlement plate, the inner surface of the plug 2-1 is provided with threads which are connected to the pipe orifice of the upper pipe, the upper surface of the plug 2-1 is provided with holes, and a rope 3 extends out of the holes on the upper surface of the plug 2-1.
The installation method of the monitoring device of the invention comprises the following steps:
first, the height of the upper tubes of the settling plate is determined: measuring the elevation of the ground where the settlement plate is to be placed, wherein the height of the upper pipe is not less than (the designed elevation of the top surface of the roadbed-the elevation of the ground where the settlement plate is to be placed) + the theoretical settlement amount of the roadbed and the reserved height; the reserved height is 0-0.8 m;
secondly, preparing a settling plate according to the height of the upper pipe of the settling plate;
thirdly, placing a settling plate, measuring coordinates of the opening of the pipe orifice plug of the settling plate, and recording the coordinates as X1 and Y1;
fourthly, selecting proper installation positions of the bearing plate and the rope steering device on a drawing according to the position of the settlement plate and the length of the rope steering device, and then determining characteristic coordinates of the bearing plate and the rope steering device on the drawing;
the end part of the rope steering device is fixed with the bearing plate through a pin shaft 4-3, and the center coordinate of the pin shaft belongs to the characteristic coordinate of the bearing plate and is marked as X3 and Y3;
the rope turns to and is seted up the first trompil that corresponds with round pin axle 4-3 on device 4, turns to the upper surface at device 4 and is provided with second reference point and third reference point at the rope, belongs to the characteristic coordinate of rope device that turns to, marks respectively: x2, Y2, X1, Y1,
a third opening corresponding to the rope 3 is formed in the lower surface of the rope steering device 4, and the third reference point corresponds to the third opening on the plane;
fifthly, lofting the position of the bearing plate;
sixthly, mounting a bearing plate;
seventh, the rope steering device 4 is installed, first, the end of the rope steering device 4 is fixed, so that the end of the rope steering device 4 is hinged with the bearing plate 6 through the pin 4-3;
secondly, the second reference point is laid out and then the rope steering 4 is turned so that the second reference point of the rope steering 4 turns to X2, Y2.
Eighth, the cable 3 and the horizontal displacer 5 are installed such that a certain preload is maintained in the cable 3.
In the above method, in the sixth step, when the loading plate is installed, the installation height of the loading plate is also determined: when waiting to install bearing board retaining wall top elevation < settlement plate and treat the elevation of placing ground + the height of upper portion pipe, the mounting height of bearing board is not less than: the height mark of the ground where the settling plate is to be placed, the height of the upper pipe and the height mark of the top of the retaining wall; when the elevation of the top of the retaining wall is less than the elevation of the settlement plate to be placed on the ground and the height of the upper pipe, the mounting height of the bearing plate is more than or equal to 0 m.
The retaining wall structure in embodiments one to three may be exchanged for other retaining wall structures such as a row pile.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only for convenience of description, and are not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and those skilled in the art will understand that the technical features of the present invention can be modified or changed by other equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention.