CN108910918A - A kind of system of potassium nitrate preparation - Google Patents
A kind of system of potassium nitrate preparation Download PDFInfo
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- CN108910918A CN108910918A CN201810953667.1A CN201810953667A CN108910918A CN 108910918 A CN108910918 A CN 108910918A CN 201810953667 A CN201810953667 A CN 201810953667A CN 108910918 A CN108910918 A CN 108910918A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- salt room
- salting liquid
- salt
- exchange membrane
- negative electrode
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
- B01D61/44—Ion-selective electrodialysis
- B01D61/46—Apparatus therefor
- B01D61/48—Apparatus therefor having one or more compartments filled with ion-exchange material, e.g. electrodeionisation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D9/00—Nitrates of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of systems of potassium nitrate preparation, including electrodialysis membrane stack, positive electrode, negative electrode, electrolyte sampling device, the first salting liquid generating means, the second salting liquid sampling device, third salting liquid generating means, the 4th salting liquid sampling device, the first salting liquid storage device, the second salting liquid storage device, third salting liquid storage device, the 4th salting liquid storage device, water storage apparatus and DC power supply；The negative electrode is connected with the cathode of the DC power supply；The positive electrode is connected with the anode of the DC power supply；The negative electrode and the positive electrode are respectively arranged at the both sides of the electrodialysis membrane stack；Cathode chamber, anode chamber, the first salt room, the second salt room, third salt room and the compartment of the 4th salt room six are formed inside the electrodialysis membrane stack；The outlet of the electrolyte sampling device is connected with the feed inlet of the anode chamber, and the discharge port of the anode chamber is connected with the feed inlet of the cathode chamber.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of chemical industry preparation systems, and in particular to a kind of system of potassium nitrate preparation.
Background technique
Potassium nitrate is the important no chlorine potassium of one kind, nitrogen composite fertilizer material, and nutrient for plants potassium, the total content of nitrogen are left up to 50%
The right side is applied to tobacco with fertilizer efficiency height, easily absorption, promotion seedling especially suitable for the application of some fear-chlorion crops, such as potassium nitrate
Early hair, the advantage for increasing tobacco production, to improving cigarette quality important role.China national standard GBT-20784-2013 rule
Fixed, the potassium nitrate of high-class product requires potassium oxide mass fraction >=46.0%, chlorine ions score less than 0.2% in agricultural use,
Furthermore total nitrogen content is less than 13.5%.
Currently, the main technique of domestic production potassium nitrate has conversion method, ion-exchange, solvent extraction and double decomposition
(Duan Zhengkang, Xie Fan, Zhang Tao, Li Sheng, Yan Jianhua, process for producing potassium nitrate summarize and double decomposition there are the problem of and countermeasure, nothing
Machine salt industrial, 2015,47 (5)：4-8.).
Conversion method：Using sodium nitrate (main component is sodium nitrate) and potassium chloride as the conversion method of raw material, reaction equation is：
KCl+NaNO3→KNO3+NaCl.Potassium chloride dissolving and sodium nitrate in circulating mother liquor first pass through evaporation, enrichment, centrifugation point
From obtaining sodium chloride byproduct, then by isolated mother liquor add water adjust concentration, through vacuum cooled crystallization, enrichment, be centrifugated
To Temperature, the potassium nitrate product of technical grade can be obtained finally by refining kettle recrystallization.
Ion-exchange：Predominantly ammonium nitrate and potassium chloride ions exchange process, when the potassium ion in solution by ammonium type from
When sub-exchange resin, exchange reaction occurs with the ammonium ion in resin, is adsorption reaction, ion exchange resin is changed by ammonium type
Potassium type, reaction equation are：RNH4+KCl=RK+NH4Cl；When the ammonium ion in solution passes through potassium type ion exchange resin, with tree
Exchange reaction occurs for the potassium ion in rouge, is elution of reactive, while ion exchange resin becomes ammonium type from potassium type, reaction equation is：
RK+NH4NO3=RNH4+KNO3.The potassium nitrate solution purity is high of method outflow, process flow is short, can operate continuously.It is main to lack
Point is that clearing house obtains that solution concentration is low, evaporation is at high cost, equipment requirement is higher.
Solvent extraction：Solvent extraction can substantially be divided into 3 classes：Extracting HCl method, extraction KNO3 method, HCl and KNO3 difference
Extraction.Israel is to be mainly used in industrial solvent extraction at present using the IMI method of organic solvent extracting HCl, should
Technique is less likely to occur side reaction in the presence of low temperature and organic solvent, and by-product hydrochloric acid can be used for decomposing phosphate rock production phosphorus
Acid.Reaction equation is：KCl+HNO3→KNO3+HCl.
Double decomposition：Double decomposition produces potassium nitrate and is divided into non-round robin and 2 kinds of round-robin method.(Chen Wenwei, the youth such as Chen Wenwei
Coulee, iatreusiology product, the research of ammonium nitrate and KCl production potassium nitrate, applicable technology market, 2000, (2)：25-26) using multiple
It decomposes non-round robin and prepares potassium nitrate, nitrogenous, phosphorus, potassium etc. also can be obtained containing a variety of members after phosphate fertilizer evaporation is added in remaining mother liquor
The compound fertilizer of element.Double decomposition circulation process is developed earliest by French Auby company, in technique again be divided into 3 one-step circulation methods and
4 one-step circulation methods.Most of China enterprise produces potassium nitrate using 4 one-step circulation method techniques.
Summary of the invention
There are factories for the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to ion-exchange equipment costs relatively high, solvent extraction
The risk of explosion, double decomposition has become the main method of domestic product potassium nitrate, but this method still has in production
The problems such as potassium nitrate inferior separating effect, crystallisation by cooling rate are low, heat-transfer surface fouling is serious and impurity-eliminating effect is undesirable, it is therefore intended that mention
For a kind of system of potassium nitrate preparation, solve the problem above-mentioned.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of system of potassium nitrate preparation, including electrodialysis membrane stack, positive electrode, negative electrode, electrolyte sampling device, first
Salting liquid generating means, the second salting liquid sampling device, third salting liquid generating means, the 4th salting liquid sampling device, first
Salting liquid storage device, the second salting liquid storage device, third salting liquid storage device, the 4th salting liquid storage device, water are deposited
Storage device and DC power supply；The negative electrode is connected with the cathode of the DC power supply；The positive electrode and the DC power supply
Anode be connected；The negative electrode and the positive electrode are respectively arranged at the both sides of the electrodialysis membrane stack；The electrodialytic membranes
Cathode chamber, anode chamber, the first salt room, the second salt room, third salt room and the compartment of the 4th salt room six are formed inside heap；The electrolysis
The outlet of liquid sampling device is connected with the feed inlet of the anode chamber, the charging of the discharge port of the anode chamber and the cathode chamber
Mouth is connected, and the import of the electrolyte sampling device is connected with the discharge port of the cathode chamber, constitutes the circulation loop of electrolyte.
Further, the electrodialysis membrane stack is by cation-exchange membrane, filter and anion-exchange membrane successively alternate intervals
Be arranged to make up, and close to positive electrode and negative electrode be cation-exchange membrane, positive electrode and adjacent cation-exchange membrane it
Between form anode chamber, form cathode chamber between negative electrode and adjacent cation-exchange membrane；Between anode chamber and cathode chamber by
Successively the cation-exchange membrane and anion-exchange membrane of alternate intervals arrangement constitute one or more first salt rooms, the second salt room,
The repetitive unit of third salt room and the 4th salt room.
Further, using anion-exchange membrane as interval between the electrodialysis membrane stack first salt room of inside and the second salt room
It realizes ion exchange, realizes ion exchange, third salt room by interval of cation-exchange membrane between the second salt room and third salt room
And the 4th realize ion exchange by interval of anion-exchange membrane between salt room；4th salt room and next repetition adjacent thereto are single
Ion exchange is realized by interval of cation-exchange membrane between first salt room of member.
Preparation system provided by the invention and method pass through cation using nitrate as the supply source of nitrate ion
Exchange membrane and anion-exchange membrane are used alternatingly, and potassium chloride is converted to potassium nitrate, and product purity is high, process flow is simple,
It is easily achieved mechanization, serialization and automation；And whole process can carry out at normal temperature, corrode small, raw material to equipment
From a wealth of sources, low energy consumption, cheap, without secondary pollution.
Detailed description of the invention
Attached drawing described herein is used to provide to further understand the embodiment of the present invention, constitutes one of the application
Point, do not constitute the restriction to the embodiment of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is present system flow chart.
1 is DC power supply, and 2 be the anode of DC power supply, and 3 be the cathode of DC power supply, and 4 be positive electrode, and 5 be negative electrode, 6
For the first salt room tank, 7 be third salt room tank, and 8 be the second salt room tank, and 9 be the second salt room surge tank, and 10 be the 4th salt room tank, 11
It is filled for the 4th salt room surge tank, 12 for electrolyte, 13 be deionized water holding vessel, and 14 and 15 be peristaltic pump, and 16 and 17 be to clamp
Device, 18 be electrodialysis membrane stack, and 19 be the first salt room immersible pump, and 20 be third salt room immersible pump, and 21 be the second salt room immersible pump,
22 be the 4th salt room immersible pump, 23 be electrolyte immersible pump, 24 be anode chamber feed inlet, 25 be cathode chamber discharge port, 26
It is the discharge port of the first salt room for the feed inlet of the first salt room, 27,28 be the feed inlet of third salt room, 29 going out for third salt room
Material mouth, 30 be the feed inlet of the second salt room, and 31 be the discharge port of the second salt room, and 32 be the feed inlet of the 4th salt room, and 33 be the 4th
The discharge port of salt room, 34 be the first salt room product overflow receiving tank, and 35 be third salt room product overflow receiving tank, and 36 be electrodialysis
Membrane stack device.
Specific embodiment
To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, below with reference to embodiment and attached drawing, to this
Invention is described in further detail, and exemplary embodiment of the invention and its explanation for explaining only the invention, are not made
For limitation of the invention.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of system of potassium nitrate preparation of the present invention, a kind of system of potassium nitrate preparation, including electrodialysis
Membrane stack, positive electrode, negative electrode, electrolyte sampling device, the first salting liquid generating means, the second salting liquid sampling device, third
Salting liquid generating means, the 4th salting liquid sampling device, the first salting liquid storage device, the second salting liquid storage device, third
Salting liquid storage device, the 4th salting liquid storage device, water storage apparatus and DC power supply；The negative electrode and the direct current
The cathode in source is connected；The positive electrode is connected with the anode of the DC power supply；The negative electrode and the positive electrode are set respectively
It is placed in the both sides of the electrodialysis membrane stack；Cathode chamber, anode chamber, the first salt room, the second salt are formed inside the electrodialysis membrane stack
Room, third salt room and the compartment of the 4th salt room six；The outlet and the feed inlet phase of the anode chamber of the electrolyte sampling device
Even, the discharge port of the anode chamber is connected with the feed inlet of the cathode chamber, the import of the electrolyte sampling device with it is described
The discharge port of cathode chamber is connected, and constitutes the circulation loop of electrolyte.
By cation-exchange membrane, filter and anion-exchange membrane, successively alternate intervals are arranged to make up the electrodialysis membrane stack,
And close to positive electrode and negative electrode be cation-exchange membrane, anode is formed between positive electrode and adjacent cation-exchange membrane
Room forms cathode chamber between negative electrode and adjacent cation-exchange membrane；Between anode chamber and cathode chamber by successively replace between
Every the cation-exchange membrane and anion-exchange membrane of arrangement constitute one or more first salt rooms, the second salt room, third salt room and
The repetitive unit of 4th salt room.
Ion is realized by interval of anion-exchange membrane between the first salt room and the second salt room inside the electrodialysis membrane stack
Exchange realizes ion exchange, third salt room and the 4th salt by interval of cation-exchange membrane between the second salt room and third salt room
Ion exchange is realized by interval of anion-exchange membrane between room；The first of 4th salt room and next repetitive unit adjacent thereto
Ion exchange is realized by interval of cation-exchange membrane between salt room.
Above-described specific embodiment has carried out further the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effects
It is described in detail, it should be understood that being not intended to limit the present invention the foregoing is merely a specific embodiment of the invention
Protection scope, all within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done should all include
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of system of potassium nitrate preparation, which is characterized in that including electrodialysis membrane stack, positive electrode, negative electrode, electrolyte sample introduction
Device, the first salting liquid generating means, the second salting liquid sampling device, third salting liquid generating means, the 4th salting liquid sample introduction
Device, the first salting liquid storage device, the second salting liquid storage device, third salting liquid storage device, the storage of the 4th salting liquid
Device, water storage apparatus and DC power supply；
The negative electrode is connected with the cathode of the DC power supply；The positive electrode is connected with the anode of the DC power supply；Institute
It states negative electrode and the positive electrode is respectively arranged at the both sides of the electrodialysis membrane stack；
Cathode chamber, anode chamber, the first salt room, the second salt room, third salt room and the 4th salt room are formed inside the electrodialysis membrane stack
Six compartments；
The outlet of the electrolyte sampling device is connected with the feed inlet of the anode chamber, the discharge port of the anode chamber with it is described
The feed inlet of cathode chamber is connected, and the import of the electrolyte sampling device is connected with the discharge port of the cathode chamber, constitutes electrolysis
The circulation loop of liquid.
2. a kind of system of potassium nitrate preparation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the electrodialysis membrane stack by sun from
Successively alternate intervals are arranged to make up for proton exchange, filter and anion-exchange membrane, and close to positive electrode and negative electrode are sun
Amberplex, forms anode chamber between positive electrode and adjacent cation-exchange membrane, negative electrode is exchanged with adjacent cation
Cathode chamber is formed between film；The cation-exchange membrane and anion arranged between anode chamber and cathode chamber by successively alternate intervals
Exchange membrane constitutes the repetitive unit of one or more first salt rooms, the second salt room, third salt room and the 4th salt room.
3. a kind of system of potassium nitrate preparation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the inside the electrodialysis membrane stack
Between one salt room and the second salt room using anion-exchange membrane as interval realize ion exchange, between the second salt room and third salt room with
Cation-exchange membrane is that ion exchange is realized at interval, is realized between third salt room and the 4th salt room by interval of anion-exchange membrane
Ion exchange；Using cation-exchange membrane as interval reality between 4th salt room and the first salt room of next repetitive unit adjacent thereto
Existing ion exchange.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810953667.1A CN108910918A (en) | 2018-08-21 | 2018-08-21 | A kind of system of potassium nitrate preparation |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810953667.1A CN108910918A (en) | 2018-08-21 | 2018-08-21 | A kind of system of potassium nitrate preparation |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN108910918A true CN108910918A (en) | 2018-11-30 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201810953667.1A Withdrawn CN108910918A (en) | 2018-08-21 | 2018-08-21 | A kind of system of potassium nitrate preparation |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112897555A (en) * | 2021-02-03 | 2021-06-04 | 杭州匠容道环境科技有限公司 | Preparation equipment and process of potassium nitrate salt |
-
2018
- 2018-08-21 CN CN201810953667.1A patent/CN108910918A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112897555A (en) * | 2021-02-03 | 2021-06-04 | 杭州匠容道环境科技有限公司 | Preparation equipment and process of potassium nitrate salt |
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| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| WW01 | Invention patent application withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20181130 |
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| WW01 | Invention patent application withdrawn after publication |