CN108910881A - A kind of composite activating agent preparing high performance active carbon and its application - Google Patents
A kind of composite activating agent preparing high performance active carbon and its application Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/342—Preparation characterised by non-gaseous activating agents
- C01B32/348—Metallic compounds
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of composite activating agent for preparing high performance active carbon, chemical composition Na2CO3- nKC1, wherein, n=0.5-2, it can be restored by carbide at 700-900 DEG C and generate potassium atom and potassium oxide, carbide can be activated to the active carbon for high-specific surface area, it is classified dipping dissolution composite activating agent with deionized water after cooling, the composite activating agent that dipping solution evaporation recycling obtains can be recycled, and composite activating agent mass loss is 5%-15%.Composite activating agent of the present invention is suitable for phosphorus content greater than 60% and carbon raw material of the oxygen content less than 30% prepares high performance active carbon.The present invention not only overcomes the high deficiency of potassium carbonate activator cost of material, but also overcomes the low defect of sodium carbonate activator activation capacity, and replacing potassium carbonate activator economically with it has very big advantage.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of composite activating agent for preparing high performance active carbon and its application, especially Na2CO3- nKC1 is multiple
Application of the activator in high performance active carbon preparation is closed, chemical industry and Material Field are belonged to.
Background technique
Active carbon is a kind of environmentally friendly solid absorbent, and Chinese active carbon annual output is up to 600,000 tons or more, base
This meets the needs of environmental protection, industrial production and daily life.The specific surface area height of the field of new materials that taps a new source of energy urgent need,
The controllable and low-ash high performance active carbon of hole and using carbonaceous refuse low cost production high performance active carbon be under
One step development priority.Active carbon is divided into Gas Phase Adsorption agent, liquid phase adsorption agent, catalyst and carrier and electrode material by purposes；It presses
Raw material sources can be divided into wood activated charcoal, active fruit shell carbon, active carbon from coal, petroleum based activated charcoal and resin matrix activated carbon etc.；
It is divided into physical activation method, chemical activation method and complex activation method by production method.
Production process of activated carbon generally comprises charing and two stages of activation.Carbonization stage be carbon raw material thermal decomposition and
Thermal polycondensation reaction process, since 200 DEG C or so, until 600 DEG C or so terminate substantially.The non-carbon such as oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen in carbon raw material
Element thermal decomposition is that tar and gas molecules remove, while a part of carbon is also with CO and CO2Form volatilization, remain charcoal
Carbon atom in compound is constantly enriched with, and the atoms such as oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen are constantly reduced, and gradually forms the initial configuration of active carbon, charing
The pore structure of object is flourishing not enough, exists with mixed and disorderly carbon microcrystalline form, and the gap around carbon crystallite is still pyrolyzed generation
Tar or amorphous carbon blocking, specific surface area only have 50-200m2/ g, the carbon residual rate or carbonization stage yield of carbon raw material are
30%-70%.Activation stage is that carbide removes amorphous carbon under activator effect, and a large amount of micropores are formed on carbon crystallite, by
Step forms the process of flourishing pore structure, and the specific surface area of active carbon is made to reach 500-3000m2/ g, the loss late of carbide with
Specific surface area is closely related, and activation stage yield is 30%-80%.
The charing of chemical activation method and activation process are usually what a step was completed, can also at different temperatures substep into
Row.The inorganic activator of chemical activation method is not only the activator of carbide, and is the charing catalyst of carbon raw material.It is inorganic
Activator can promote macromolecular to thermally decompose at a lower temperature in carbonization process, to reduce carbonization reaction temperature；Energy
Enough catalytic small molecule thermal polycondensations are the reaction of macromolecular, and volatile small molecule is greatly decreased, carbonized to substantially increase
Journey yield.Carbide can be etched in activation process forms micropore, and the crystal seed and carrier formed as newborn carbon crystallite.Change
Learn the active carbon large specific surface area that activation method has many advantages, such as that activation time is short, priming reaction is easy to control, formed.Chemical activating agent
Big to equipment corrosion, there are environmental pollutions also will cause the residual of activator if cleaning is not thorough when product post-processes.
The activator of chemical activation method is usually inorganic activator, is also possible to organic activator.Inorganic activator is main
Including inorganic acid, inorganic base, alkali metal salt, alkali salt and transition metal salt etc..To Activated Carbon Production inorganic activator into
It has gone numerous studies, has filtered out the industrialized inorganic activator such as zinc chloride, phosphoric acid, potassium hydroxide and flue gas, hydroxide
Potassium has become the mainstream inorganic activator of industrialized production high performance active carbon.
The phosphorus content of timber, plant or mud coal class carbon raw material is about 50%, and oxygen content 30%-40% is contained due to therein
Oxygen amount is relatively high, is easier carbonization-activation, and the carbon residual rate of production process of activated carbon is relatively low.High performance active carbon production one
As use breeze, tar slag or phenolic resinoid, the phosphorus content of such carbon raw material is higher than 60%, and oxygen content is lower than 30%, knot
Structure denser, the more difficult progress of carbonization-activation, physical activation method are not applicable, need using chemical activation method, selection it is inorganic
Activator is usually potassium hydroxide and potassium carbonate, the disadvantage is that require inorganic activator and carbon raw material mass ratio for 3-6, activator
Mass loss it is very big, the cost of inorganic activator is excessively high.Patent disclosure is by potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, carbon
Sour potassium, potassium phosphate, sodium phosphate etc. are used cooperatively, to reduce the corrosivity and activator cost of potassium hydroxide.By changing hydrogen-oxygen
The mixed proportion for changing potassium and other inorganic activators, can be with the ratio and average pore size of regulation activity charcoal micropore and mesoporous.It is former
Expect the production technology economy of the cost determination high performance active carbon of potassium hydroxide and potassium carbonate, and the prior art all fails to solve
Certainly.
Summary of the invention
The composite activating agent of high performance active carbon is prepared the purpose of the present invention is optimization design is a kind of, hydroxide can be replaced
Potassium and potassium carbonate require activator cheap and are easy recycling circulation to make as preparing the activator of high performance active carbon
With.
Existing inorganic activator is not able to satisfy the Technological Economy demand of high performance active carbon industrialized production, it is also necessary to
Lower several respects carry out technological improvement and optimization design：
（1）Using fusing point is lower and the higher inorganic activator fused salt of boiling point, to reduce activation temperature and reduce volatilizing loss；
（2）Potassium hydroxide and the phosphoric acid activation agent of strong corrosive are replaced using the low inorganic activator part of corrosivity；
（3）Inorganic potassium salt activator is replaced using cheap sodium salt inorganic sodium activator moiety；
（4）Zinc chloride chemical activating agent is replaced using transition metal-catalyzed activator, to reduce inorganic activator consumption.
To select inorganic activator that is cheap and being easy recycling, professional technician has selected sodium carbonate first, has used
Sodium carbonate replaces potassium carbonate that cost of material can be effectively reduced, and since its activation capacity is low, cannot obtain specific surface area height and inhale
The active carbon of attached function admirable.
Inventor from Activated Carbon Production the mechanism of action of inorganic potassium salt activator and the production technology principle of metallic potassium by
Na is creatively devised on the basis of summarizing the prior art to inspiration2CO3- nKC1 composite activating agent, and it is used for high-performance
Active carbon preparation confirms the feasibility of composite activating agent with experiment.
Sodium carbonate is most basic sodium salt, and potassium chloride is most basic sylvite, and the market price is also in sodium salt and sylvite
It is cheapest.Sodium carbonate and potassium chloride under normal temperature conditions be unable to metathesis reaction in aqueous solution and obtain potassium carbonate and chlorination
Sodium, but under the high temperature and reductive condition of Activated Carbon Production, sodium carbonate and potassium chloride can react and generate potassium oxide and metal
Potassium, equivalent with using potassium carbonate raw material in application effect, chemical equation is expressed as follows：
Na2CO3 + 2C → Na2O + 3CO
Na2O + C → 2Na + CO
Na + KCl → K + NaCl
2K+ CO2 → K2O + CO
K2O + C → 2K + CO
Because under the 700-900 DEG C of hot conditions needed for Activated Carbon Production, sodium carbonate can be restored by carbide and generate oxidation
Sodium and metallic sodium, due to the boiling point of metallic potassium（762℃）Than metallic sodium boiling point（883℃）Low 121 DEG C, metallic sodium can be by potassium original
Son is replaced from potassium chloride fused salt and is separated, and the metathesis reaction balance of sodium carbonate and potassium chloride, potassium atom gas have been broken
The activation to carbide is completed into carbon crystallite level, goes back while occurring the redox reaction of potassium atom in activation process.
The present invention provides a kind of composite activating agent for preparing high performance active carbon, it is characterised in that its chemical composition is
Na2CO3- nKC1, wherein n=0.5-2 can be restored by carbide at 700-900 DEG C and be generated potassium oxide and potassium atom, can be by charcoal
Compound activation is the active carbon of high-specific surface area, is classified after cooling with deionized water and impregnates dissolution composite activating agent, solution evaporation
Recycling obtained composite activating agent can be recycled, and composite activating agent mass loss is 5%-15%, is suitable for phosphorus content and is greater than 60%
Difficult activation carbon raw material with oxygen content less than 25% prepares high performance active carbon.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a kind of application methods of composite activating agent for preparing high performance active carbon, special
Sign is that the technical scheme comprises the following steps：
（1）By the carbon raw material of hardly possible charing and composite activating agent, surfactant, dispersing agent and deionized water with mass ratio for 1:
3-6:0.01-0.05：0.01-0.05:0.4-0.8 mixing, mixed material are crushed to 100-200 mesh；The difficulty charing is carbon containing
Raw material is breeze, tar slag or phenolic resinoid, and phosphorus content is higher than 60%, and oxygen content is lower than 30%；The multiplicity reactivation
Agent is the mixture of sodium carbonate and potassium chloride, chemical composition Na2CO3- nKC1, wherein n=0.5-2；The surfactant
It is the anionic surfactant that lauryl sodium sulfate, Sodium stearate or Dodecyl Polyoxyethylene Ether sodium sulphate are representative；Institute
The dispersing agent stated is sodium carboxymethylcellulose or Sodium Polyacrylate is the macromolecule dispersing agent of representative；Surfactant and dispersing agent
The hydrophily for improving the carbon raw material of difficult charing enables composite activating agent to penetrate into carbon raw material intramolecule and uniformly cladding
In carbon raw material particle periphery；Composite activating agent, which is alternatively arranged as grinding aid, prevents the reunion of fine particle；
（2）The particle for being diameter 2-5mm by mixed material extrusion forming, make carbon raw material and composite activating agent, surfactant,
Dispersing agent interpenetrates, and makes the carbon raw material of difficult carbonization-activation and the Longer-chain surfactants of easy carbonization-activation, is easy charing
The macromolecule dispersing agent and composite activating agent of activation uniformly mix, and then dry at 110-150 DEG C；
（3）Mixture particle is put into crucible, is placed in the box-type high-temperature furnace of logical nitrogen protection, with adding for 5-10 DEG C/min
Thermal velocity is warming up to 650 DEG C, and mixed material is made slowly to be decomposed thermally to form carbide, is easy the Longer-chain surfactants of carbonization-activation
It is thermally decomposed first with macromolecule dispersing agent, the hole of formation becomes the channel of activator migration, the sodium carbonate and titanium dioxide of generation
Carbon becomes the interior activator of difficult carbonization-activation carbon raw material；
（4）It is warming up to heat preservation activation 1-2h at 750-800 DEG C, composite activating agent is restored by carbide and generates oxidation in the process
Potassium and potassium atom carry out deep etching activation to carbide, room temperature are naturally cooled to after the completion of activation；
（5）Deionized water is added by several times into activation material after cooling, dipping dissolution activator 3 times at 70-80 DEG C, then
The hydrochloric acid solution for being 2% with mass concentration impregnates the active carbon isolated, and it is 5-7 that pH, which is finally washed with deionized, in 110-
Drying obtains high performance active carbon, specific surface area 1500-2500m at 120 DEG C2/ g, ash content 0.05%-0.1%, iodine absorption number
For 1000-1500 mg/g, Methylene blue adsorption 160-180 mg/g, the active carbon in terms of carbon raw material quality prepares yield
For 40%-45%;
（6）By the aqueous solution evaporation recycling composite activating agent of impregnating active agent, composite activating agent mass loss 5%-15% is obtained
Composite activating agent can be recycled.
The complexity of carbon raw material carbonization-activation determines the selection and additional amount of activator species, oxygen content in the present invention
High carbon raw material is easy to generate compound with alkali metal hydroxide or alkali metal salt, becomes the interior activator of carbon raw material,
It is exactly because containing activator in sylvite that some plants, which are easy carbonization-activation,.Alkali hydroxide soln, which can penetrate into, to be contained
Activator in being formed in the high carbon raw material of carbon amounts, so its activation capacity is strong.
The function and effect of composite activating agent are reached under the assistance of surfactant and macromolecule dispersing agent in the present invention
's.Because sodium carbonate and Klorvess Liquid cannot easily penetrate into the high carbon containing original of phosphorus content as potassium hydroxide solution
In material, the high carbon raw material surface hydrophilicity of phosphorus content is improved using surfactant and macromolecule dispersing agent in the present invention, is promoted
It into the penetrating power of sodium carbonate and Klorvess Liquid thereto, contacts it with carbon raw material in molecular level, promotes charing
Activation carries out.Surfactant and macromolecule dispersing agent thermal stability are poor in the present invention, and thermally decomposing remaining hole becomes activation
The component part of agent migrating channels and activated carbon pore structure, thermally decomposing can be anti-with carbon atom under the carbon dioxide high temperature of generation
Carbon monoxide should be generated, has the function of physically activated dose, the activation of carbide can be promoted.It is living that surface has been specifically chosen in the present invention
Property agent and macromolecule dispersing agent sodium salt, sodium carbonate is generated in carbonization process, interior activator is can be used as and promotes carbide
Activation.The sodium chloride that composite activating agent reacts generation at high temperature in the present invention also there is helper activity to make carbide activation
With.
Composite activating agent is not only the activator of carbide, and is the charing catalyst of carbon raw material.Composite activating agent
In carbonization process, macromolecular can be promoted to thermally decompose at a lower temperature, to reduce carbonization reaction temperature；It can be catalyzed
Small molecule thermal polycondensation is the reaction of macromolecular, volatile small molecule is greatly decreased, to substantially increase carbonization process yield.
Carbide can be etched in activation process forms micropore, and the crystal seed and carrier formed as newborn carbon crystallite.
Composite activating agent influences Properties of Activated Carbon with carbon raw material mass ratio, activation temperature and activation time very big.With
Activator and material quality than increasing, active carbon average pore size increases, specific surface area first increases and then decreases, and activates yield drop
It is low.There is optimum range in activation temperature and activation time, activation temperature is too low and activation time is too short, and activated carbon pore size is too small
It is low with specific surface area；Activation temperature is excessively high and activation time is too long, and activated carbon pore size is excessive low with specific surface area.
The chemical composition of composite activating agent is Na2CO3- nKC1, wherein the mixing ratio of n=0.5-2, sodium carbonate and potassium chloride
There are optimum ranges for example, and activation effect is all uneconomical when the ratio of potassium chloride is too small or excessive.
High carbon content raw material is phenolic resinoid in the present invention, according to Chinese invention patent application CN2018109163197
（2018-08-13）With CN 2018109163182（2018-08-13）Method preparation in middle embodiment 1；Other chemical raw materials
Sodium carbonate, potassium chloride, hydrochloric acid, surfactant, macromolecule dispersing agent are commercially available chemical reagent.The specific surface of high performance active carbon
The technical indicators such as product, ash content, iodine absorption number, Methylene blue adsorption are referring to water purification active carbon standard GB/T 13803.2-
The measurement of 1999 and GB/T7701.2-2008 method.
The advantages of the present invention are embodied in：
（1）The present invention not only overcomes the high deficiency of potassium carbonate activator cost of material, but also it is living to overcome sodium carbonate activator
The low defect of change ability, replacing potassium carbonate activator economically with it has very big advantage；
（2）Composite activating agent cost of material of the present invention is only the 1/3 of potassium carbonate market cost, and activation effect is higher than using same
The potassium carbonate of molal quantity；
（3）Composite activating agent of the present invention is suitable for phosphorus content height and hypoxic difficult activation carbon raw material preparation high-performance activity
Charcoal.
Specific embodiment
The purpose of the present invention is what is realized in the following ways, is described in detail below with reference to embodiment：
Embodiment 1
Referring to Chinese invention patent application CN2018109163197（2018-08-13）Method in embodiment 1 prepares glycolylurea and takes
For phenolic resin as matrix resin 210g, wherein phosphorus content 60%, oxygen content 24%.
By its 100g and sodium carbonate 126g（1.2mol）, 174 g of potassium chloride（2.3mol）, Sodium stearate 5g, polyacrylic acid
Sodium 5g and deionized water 50g mixing, mixed material are crushed to 100-200 mesh.For being diameter 5mm by mixed material extrusion forming
Grain, is then dried at 110-150 DEG C.Mixture particle is put into crucible, the box-type high-temperature furnace of logical nitrogen protection is placed in
In, 650 DEG C are warming up to the heating speed of 10 DEG C/min, mixed material is made slowly to be decomposed thermally to form carbide.It further heats up
Heat preservation activation 2h, naturally cools to room temperature to 750-800 DEG C after the completion of activation.It is added by several times into activation material after cooling
Deionized water 1000g, dipping dissolution activator 3 times at 70-80 DEG C, the hydrochloric acid solution dipping point for being then 2% with mass concentration
The active carbon separated out, it is 5-7 that pH, which is finally washed with deionized, and drying obtains high performance active carbon at 110-120 DEG C
45g, specific surface area 2200m2/ g, ash content 0.05%, 173 mg/g of Methylene blue adsorption, in terms of carbon raw material quality
It is 45% that active carbon, which prepares yield,.By the aqueous solution evaporation recycling composite activating agent of impregnating active agent, obtained composite activating agent
270g。
Embodiment 2
Referring to Chinese invention patent application CN2018109163197（2018-08-13）Method in embodiment 1 prepares methoxyl group
Substituted phenolic resin precipitates 150g, wherein phosphorus content 65%, oxygen content 29%.
By its 100g and sodium carbonate 225g（2.1mol）, 75 g of potassium chloride（1.0mol）, lauryl sodium sulfate 2g, carboxylic first
Base sodium cellulosate 3g and deionized water 50g mixing, mixed material are crushed to 100-200 mesh.It is straight by mixed material extrusion forming
Then the particle of diameter 5mm is dried at 110-150 DEG C.Mixture particle is put into crucible, the case of logical nitrogen protection is placed in
In formula high temperature furnace, 650 DEG C are warming up to the heating speed of 10 DEG C/min, mixed material is made slowly to be decomposed thermally to form carbide.Into
One step is warming up to heat preservation activation 2h at 750-800 DEG C, and room temperature is naturally cooled to after the completion of activation.Into activation material after cooling
Deionized water 800g is added by several times, dipping dissolution activator 3 times at 70-80 DEG C, the hydrochloric acid for being then 2% with mass concentration is molten
Liquid impregnates the active carbon isolated, and it is 5-7 that pH, which is finally washed with deionized, and drying obtains high-performance at 110-120 DEG C
Active carbon 40g, specific surface area 2100m2/ g, ash content 0.05%, 165 mg/g of Methylene blue adsorption, with carbon raw material matter
It is 40% that the active carbon of meter, which prepares yield,.By the aqueous solution evaporation recycling composite activating agent of impregnating active agent, obtained compound work
Agent 260g.
Claims (2)
1. the present invention relates to a kind of composite activating agents for preparing high performance active carbon, it is characterised in that its chemical composition is Na2CO3-
NKC1, wherein n=0.5-2 can be restored by carbide at 700-900 DEG C and be generated potassium oxide and potassium atom, can be living by carbide
The active carbon of high-specific surface area is turned to, dipping is classified with deionized water after cooling and dissolves composite activating agent, composite activating agent quality
Loss is 5%-15%, and the composite activating agent that dipping solution evaporation recycling obtains can be recycled, be suitable for phosphorus content and be greater than 60% He
Carbon raw material of the oxygen content less than 30% prepares high performance active carbon.
2. the present invention relates to a kind of application methods of composite activating agent for preparing high performance active carbon, it is characterised in that technical solution
Include the following steps：
（1）By the carbon raw material of hardly possible charing and composite activating agent, surfactant, dispersing agent and deionized water with mass ratio for 1:
3-6:0.01-0.05：0.01-0.05:0.4-0.8 mixing, mixed material are crushed to 100-200 mesh；The difficulty charing is carbon containing
Raw material is breeze, tar slag or phenolic resinoid, and phosphorus content is higher than 60%, and oxygen content is lower than 30%；The multiplicity reactivation
Agent is sodium carbonate and potassium chloride mixture, chemical composition Na2CO3- nKC1, wherein n=0.5-2；The surfactant is
Lauryl sodium sulfate, Sodium stearate or Dodecyl Polyoxyethylene Ether sodium sulphate are the anionic surfactant of representative；It is described
Dispersing agent be macromolecule dispersing agent that sodium carboxymethylcellulose or Sodium Polyacrylate are representative；
（2）The particle for being diameter 2-5mm by mixed material extrusion forming, make carbon raw material and composite activating agent, surfactant,
Dispersing agent is interpenetrated and is uniformly mixed, and is then dried at 110-150 DEG C；
（3）Mixture particle is put into crucible, is placed in the box-type high-temperature furnace of logical nitrogen protection, with adding for 5-10 DEG C/min
Thermal velocity is warming up to 650 DEG C, and mixed material is made slowly to be decomposed thermally to form carbide, is easy the Longer-chain surfactants of carbonization-activation
It is thermally decomposed first with macromolecule dispersing agent, the hole of formation becomes the channel of activator migration, the sodium carbonate and titanium dioxide of generation
Carbon becomes the interior life agent of difficult carbonization-activation carbon raw material；
（4）Heat preservation activation 1-2h at 750-800 DEG C is further heated up, composite activating agent is also primary by carbide in the process
At potassium oxide and potassium atom, deep etching activation is carried out to carbide, room temperature is naturally cooled to after the completion of activation；
（5）Deionized water is added by several times into activation material after cooling, dipping dissolution activator 3 times at 70-80 DEG C, then
The hydrochloric acid solution for being 2% with mass concentration impregnates the active carbon isolated, and it is 5-7 that pH, which is finally washed with deionized, in 110-
Drying obtains high performance active carbon, specific surface area 1500-2500m at 120 DEG C2/ g, ash content 0.05%-0.1%, methylene blue
Decolorizing ability 160-180 mg/g, the active carbon in terms of carbon raw material quality prepare yield as 40%-45%；
（6）By the aqueous solution evaporation recycling composite activating agent of impregnating active agent, composite activating agent mass loss 5%-15% is obtained
Composite activating agent can be recycled.
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| CN116013703A (en) * | 2023-02-08 | 2023-04-25 | 广东韩研活性炭科技股份有限公司 | Active carbon composite material for capacitor electrode and preparation method thereof |
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| CN110482544B (en) * | 2019-09-03 | 2021-05-28 | 炬福(福建)环保科技有限公司 | Activated carbon and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113120924A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2021-07-16 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Recovery method of alkali activator for preparing activated carbon |
| CN111689494A (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2020-09-22 | 新疆大学 | Non-corrosive catalyst and method for preparing activated carbon by catalytic activation |
| CN114105140A (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2022-03-01 | 中欣环保科技有限公司 | Preparation method of carbon molecular sieve |
| CN116013703A (en) * | 2023-02-08 | 2023-04-25 | 广东韩研活性炭科技股份有限公司 | Active carbon composite material for capacitor electrode and preparation method thereof |
| CN116013703B (en) * | 2023-02-08 | 2023-10-20 | 广东韩研活性炭科技股份有限公司 | Active carbon composite material for capacitor electrode and preparation method thereof |
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