CN108908591A - A kind of preparation method and application method of environmental type timber preservative - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method and application method of environmental type timber preservative Download PDFInfo
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- CN108908591A CN108908591A CN201810828074.2A CN201810828074A CN108908591A CN 108908591 A CN108908591 A CN 108908591A CN 201810828074 A CN201810828074 A CN 201810828074A CN 108908591 A CN108908591 A CN 108908591A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/52—Impregnating agents containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/007—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process employing compositions comprising nanoparticles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K2240/00—Purpose of the treatment
- B27K2240/20—Removing fungi, molds or insects
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method and applications methods of environmental type timber preservative, belong to timber preservative technical field.The present invention is with boric acid, and zinc oxide is raw material, through chitosan, sodium alginate-modified obtained boric acid modification zinc, by itself and xylitol, nano silica is scattered in deionized water, it is configured to mixed liquor, litsea citrate oil is extracted from fruit of a cubeb litsea tree fruit again, finally by litsea citrate oil and mixed liquor, calcium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, the mixings such as phenethyl phenol polyethenoxy ether are uniform, and environmental type timber preservative is made.The present invention from the natural plants fruit of a cubeb litsea tree by extracting litsea citrate oil and xylitol containing citral, citronellal etc., boric acid modification zinc, nano silica compounding, improve wood preservation performance, the resistance leachability and ageing resistance for improving preservative-treated timber by nano silica again, have broad application prospects.
Description
The application is application No. is 2016109469165, and the applying date is on November 02nd, 2016, and invention and created name is
A kind of divisional application of the patent of " preparation method of environmental type timber preservative ".
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation methods of environmental type timber preservative, belong to timber preservative technical field.
Background technique
Timber is a kind of natural organic, has apparent biological nature, easily by biologies such as bacterium, worm, the raw drilling worms in sea
Invasion.Before use, select suitable preservative according to different application environments, carry out appropriate processing, then it can be effectively
Delay foxiness.As the improvement of people's living standards, the demand to timber also increasingly increases.China, which can fell, to be used
The forest reserves are extremely limited, and it is also unpractical for placing hope on using a large amount of foreign exchange imported timbers, based on the country, make full use of
Existing resource walks Sustainable Development Road, is the only way of China's timber industry development.
The general timber preservative in the world today is mainly copper, chromium, arsenic, copper amine quaternary ammonium salt and copper azoles etc., due to copper chromium arsenic
In arsenic chromium be all noxious material, easily human body is damaged, especially interior in use, the harm to human body is bigger.It is existing
In technology, start to substitute copper chromium arsenic, timber protective agent in the prior art by the efficient low toxic and environment-friendly preservative such as ACQ, CA
It is all that sterilization protection ingredient ammonification or amine solvent are formulated, sterilization component and solvent are formulated, to reach dissolution copper
Object simultaneously reaches sterilization protection effect, ammonia or amine solvent be it is essential, not only to consume a large amount of solvent in this way, but also because
Amine or Ammonia solvent are readily volatilized and pollute the environment.Additionally, due to solvent volatilization often preservative constituent part
It takes out of and influences the fixed performance of preservative, reduces sterilization antivirus effect.Preservative treatment is carried out to timber, extends making for woodwork
It is to save one of timber, the important channel to protect forest resources, the timber that China uses after preservative treatment at present is very with the time limit
It is few, and the traditional timber preservative big to the mankind and environmental hazard is used mostly.Therefore develop and develop novel timber
Preservative is very necessary.
Summary of the invention
The present invention solves the technical problem of：The present invention easily causes pollution to environment for current traditional preservatives,
And the problem that resistance leachability is low, one kind is provided with boric acid, and zinc oxide is raw material, and through chitosan, sodium alginate-modified be made changes
Property zinc borate, by itself and xylitol, nano silica is scattered in deionized water, is configured to mixed liquor, then from the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree
Litsea citrate oil is extracted in fruit, finally by litsea citrate oil and mixed liquor, calcium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, phenethyl phenol polyoxyethylene
The mixings such as ether are uniform, the method that environmental type timber preservative is made.The present invention from the natural plants fruit of a cubeb litsea tree by extracting
It is anti-to improve timber for litsea citrate oil and xylitol containing citral, citronellal etc., boric acid modification zinc, nano silica compounding
Rotten performance, then by the resistance leachability and ageing resistance of nano silica improvement preservative-treated timber, there is wide application
Prospect.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that：
(1) 4~5g boric acid is weighed, is added in 80~100mL deionized water, is heated to 80~90 DEG C and with 300~400r/
Min stirs 15~20min, adds 1.0~1.2g zinc oxide, continues 6~8h of stirring, obtain mixed liquor, continue into mixed liquor
0.05~0.10g chitosan is added, 0.05~0.10g sodium alginate persistently stirs 1~2h, then filters, filter residue is placed in dry
In dry case, dries at 105~110 DEG C to constant weight, obtain boric acid modification zinc, it is spare；
(2) 3~5kg fruit of a cubeb litsea tree is weighed, being immersed in 1~2L mass fraction is 8~10h in 1% sodium chloride solution, then by mountain
Grey son, which is transferred in beater, to be homogenized, and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree slurry is obtained, and fruit of a cubeb litsea tree slurry is fitted into distillation still, and be added 20~30L go from
Sub- water, then with 300W 10~15min of ultrasonic echography, be then heated to boiling, condensation is collected and stratification, takes upper layer clear
Liquid obtains litsea cubeba oil, spare；
(3) 3~5g xylan is weighed, 100~200mL deionization is added in the boric acid modification zinc of 1~3g step (1) preparation
In water, 20~30min is stirred with 500~600r/min, adds 0.1~0.2g nano silica, the inclined phosphorus of 1.5~3.0g six
Sour sodium disperses 30~40min with 400W ultrasonic echography, obtains mixed liquor under 20~25 DEG C of waters bath with thermostatic control；
(4) litsea cubeba oil for measuring 10~20mL step (2) preparation, is added in 30~32mL methanol, with 300~
400r/min stirs 15~20min, adds 10~12g calcium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 8~10g phenethyl phenol polyethenoxy ether,
Continue 20~30min of stirring, the above-mentioned mixed liquor of 40~50mL is then added and persistently stirs 1 under 25~30 DEG C of waters bath with thermostatic control
~2h obtains environmental type timber preservative.
Application method of the invention：First by wood surface uniform grinding, then environmental type prepared by the present invention is wooden
Material preservative is with 100~150g/m2Coated weight brushing is in wood surface, after wood surface dries, obtains dry erosion resistant coating, then
Anti-corrosion layer surface of polishing is smooth, then 50~100g preservative is taken to be painted on the anti-corrosion layer surface after polishing.It is detected, is applied
Brushing environmental type timber preservative prepared by the present invention can make wood preservation effect improve 92~96%, have good penetrability,
The strong advantage of resistance leachability, and non-toxic by-products generate in preparation and use process, meet environmental protection concept.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
(1) environmental type timber preservative preparation process prepared by the present invention is simple, at low cost, and preservative obtained makes
With function admirable, and it is nontoxic, environmentally friendly, the scope of application is broad；
(2) environmental type timber preservative prepared by the present invention have stability it is good, resistance leachability is strong, usage amount it is small and
Advantage at low cost.
Specific embodiment
4~5g boric acid is weighed, is added in 80~100mL deionized water, is heated to 80~90 DEG C and with 300~400r/min
15~20min is stirred, 1.0~1.2g zinc oxide is added, continues 6~8h of stirring, obtain mixed liquor, continue to add into mixed liquor
0.05~0.10g chitosan, 0.05~0.10g sodium alginate persistently stir 1~2h, then filter, filter residue is placed in drying box
In, it dries at 105~110 DEG C to constant weight, obtains boric acid modification zinc, weigh 3~5kg fruit of a cubeb litsea tree, be immersed in 1~2L mass fraction
For 8~10h in 1% sodium chloride solution, then the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree is transferred in beater and is homogenized, fruit of a cubeb litsea tree slurry is obtained, by fruit of a cubeb litsea tree slurry
It is fitted into distillation still, and 20~30L deionized water is added, then with 300W 10~15min of ultrasonic echography, be then heated to boiling
It rises, condensation is collected and stratification, takes supernatant liquor, obtains litsea cubeba oil, weighs 3~5g xylan, the boric acid modification of 1~3g
Zinc is added in 100~200mL deionized water, stirs 20~30min with 500~600r/min, adds 0.1~0.2g nanometers
Silica, 1.5~3.0g calgon, under 20~25 DEG C of waters bath with thermostatic control, with 400W ultrasonic echography dispersion 30~
40min obtains mixed liquor；The litsea cubeba oil of 10~20mL is measured, is added in 30~32mL methanol, with 300~400r/min
15~20min is stirred, adds 10~12g calcium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 8~10g phenethyl phenol polyethenoxy ether continues to stir
The above-mentioned mixed liquor of 40~50mL is then added in 20~30min, under 25~30 DEG C of waters bath with thermostatic control, persistently stirs 1~2h, obtains
Environmental type timber preservative.
Example 1
4g boric acid is weighed, is added in 80mL deionized water, be heated to 80 DEG C and 15min is stirred with 300r/min, is added
1.0g zinc oxide continues to stir 6h, obtains mixed liquor, continues to add 0.05g chitosan into mixed liquor, 0.05g sodium alginate is held
Continuous stirring 1h, then filters, filter residue is placed in drying box, dry at 105 DEG C to constant weight, obtain boric acid modification zinc, weigh 3kg
The fruit of a cubeb litsea tree, being immersed in 1L mass fraction is 8h in 1% sodium chloride solution, then the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree is transferred in beater and is homogenized, and it is grey to obtain mountain
Fruit of a cubeb litsea tree slurry is fitted into distillation still by sub- slurry, and 20L deionized water is added, then with 300W ultrasonic echography 10min, with
After be heated to boiling, condensation collect and stratification, take supernatant liquor, obtain litsea cubeba oil, weigh 3g xylan, the modification of 1g
Zinc borate is added in 100mL deionized water, stirs 20min with 500r/min, adds 0.1g nano silica, 1.5g six
Sodium metaphosphate disperses 30min with 400W ultrasonic echography, obtains mixed liquor under 20 DEG C of waters bath with thermostatic control；The mountain for measuring 10mL is grey
Sub- essential oil is added in 30mL methanol, stirs 15min with 300r/min, adds 10g calcium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 8g phenethyl
Phenol polyethenoxy ether continues to stir 20min, the above-mentioned mixed liquor of 40mL is then added, lasting to stir under 25 DEG C of waters bath with thermostatic control
1h obtains environmental type timber preservative.
First by wood surface uniform grinding, then by environmental type timber preservative prepared by the present invention with 100g/m2
It brushes in wood surface, after wood surface dries, polishing anti-corrosion layer surface is smooth, then the preservative of 50g weight is taken to be painted on
Anti-corrosion layer surface after polishing.It is detected, brushing environmental type timber preservative prepared by the present invention can make timber anti-
Rotten effect improves 92%, has good penetrability, the strong advantage of resistance leachability, and non-toxic by-products are raw in preparation and use process
It produces, meets environmental protection concept.
Example 2
5g boric acid is weighed, is added in 100mL deionized water, be heated to 90 DEG C and 20min is stirred with 400r/min, is added
1.2g zinc oxide continues to stir 8h, obtains mixed liquor, continues to add 0.10g chitosan into mixed liquor, 0.05g sodium alginate is held
Continuous stirring 2h, then filters, filter residue is placed in drying box, dry at 110 DEG C to constant weight, obtain boric acid modification zinc, weigh 5kg
The fruit of a cubeb litsea tree, being immersed in 2L mass fraction is 10h in 1% sodium chloride solution, then the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree is transferred in beater and is homogenized, and it is grey to obtain mountain
Fruit of a cubeb litsea tree slurry is fitted into distillation still by sub- slurry, and 30L deionized water is added, then with 300W ultrasonic echography 15min, with
After be heated to boiling, condensation collect and stratification, take supernatant liquor, obtain litsea cubeba oil, weigh 5g xylan, the modification of 3g
Zinc borate is added in 200mL deionized water, stirs 30min with 600r/min, adds 0.2g nano silica, 3.0g six
Sodium metaphosphate disperses 40min with 400W ultrasonic echography, obtains mixed liquor under 25 DEG C of waters bath with thermostatic control；The mountain for measuring 20mL is grey
Sub- essential oil is added in 32mL methanol, stirs 20min with 400r/min, adds 12g calcium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 10g phenethyl
Phenol polyethenoxy ether continues to stir 30min, the above-mentioned mixed liquor of 50mL is then added, lasting to stir under 30 DEG C of waters bath with thermostatic control
2h obtains environmental type timber preservative.
First by wood surface uniform grinding, then by environmental type timber preservative prepared by the present invention with 150g/m2
It brushes in wood surface, after wood surface dries, polishing anti-corrosion layer surface is smooth, then the preservative of 100g weight is taken to be painted on
Anti-corrosion layer surface after polishing.It is detected, brushing environmental type timber preservative prepared by the present invention can make timber anti-
Rotten effect improves 96%, has good penetrability, the strong advantage of resistance leachability, and non-toxic by-products are raw in preparation and use process
It produces, meets environmental protection concept.
Example 3
5g boric acid is weighed, is added in 90mL deionized water, be heated to 85 DEG C and 18min is stirred with 350r/min, is added
1.1g zinc oxide continues to stir 7h, obtains mixed liquor, continues to add 0.08g chitosan into mixed liquor, 0.08g sodium alginate is held
Continuous stirring 2h, then filters, filter residue is placed in drying box, dry at 108 DEG C to constant weight, obtain boric acid modification zinc, weigh 4kg
The fruit of a cubeb litsea tree, being immersed in 2L mass fraction is 9h in 1% sodium chloride solution, then the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree is transferred in beater and is homogenized, and it is grey to obtain mountain
Fruit of a cubeb litsea tree slurry is fitted into distillation still by sub- slurry, and 25L deionized water is added, then with 300W ultrasonic echography 13min, with
After be heated to boiling, condensation collect and stratification, take supernatant liquor, obtain litsea cubeba oil, weigh 4g xylan, the modification of 2g
Zinc borate is added in 150mL deionized water, stirs 25min with 550r/min, adds 0.2g nano silica, 1.8g six
Sodium metaphosphate disperses 35min with 400W ultrasonic echography, obtains mixed liquor under 23 DEG C of waters bath with thermostatic control；The mountain for measuring 15mL is grey
Sub- essential oil is added in 31mL methanol, stirs 18min with 350r/min, adds 11g calcium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 9g phenethyl
Phenol polyethenoxy ether continues to stir 25min, the above-mentioned mixed liquor of 45mL is then added, lasting to stir under 28 DEG C of waters bath with thermostatic control
2h obtains environmental type timber preservative.
First by wood surface uniform grinding, then by environmental type timber preservative prepared by the present invention with 125g/m2
It brushes in wood surface, after wood surface dries, polishing anti-corrosion layer surface is smooth, then the preservative of 75g weight is taken to be painted on
Anti-corrosion layer surface after polishing.It is detected, brushing environmental type timber preservative prepared by the present invention can make timber anti-
Rotten effect improves 94%, has good penetrability, the strong advantage of resistance leachability, and non-toxic by-products are raw in preparation and use process
It produces, meets environmental protection concept.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of preparation method of environmental type timber preservative, it is characterised in that specifically preparation step is：
(1) boric acid modification zinc is prepared：4~5g boric acid is weighed, is added in 80~100mL deionized water, is heated to 80~90 DEG C simultaneously
Stirring, adds 1.0~1.2g zinc oxide, continues to stir, obtain mixed liquor, continue addition 0.05~0.10g shell into mixed liquor
Glycan, 0.05~0.10g sodium alginate is lasting to stir, and then filters, by filter residue and drying to constant weight, obtains boric acid modification zinc；
(2) litsea cubeba oil is prepared；
(3) 3~5g xylan is weighed, the boric acid modification zinc of 1~3g step (1) preparation is added in 100~200mL deionized water,
Stirring, adds 0.1~0.2g nano silica, and 1.5~3.0g calgon is ultrasonic under 20~25 DEG C of waters bath with thermostatic control
Dispersion, obtains mixed liquor；
(4) litsea cubeba oil for measuring 10~20mL step (2) preparation, is added in 30~32mL methanol, stirring, add 10~
12g calcium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 8~10g phenethyl phenol polyethenoxy ether continue to stir, and it is above-mentioned mixed that 40~50mL is then added
Feed liquid is closed, it is lasting to stir under 25~30 DEG C of waters bath with thermostatic control, obtain environmental type timber preservative.
2. the preparation method of environmental type timber preservative according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (2)
The detailed process for preparing litsea cubeba oil is：3~5kg fruit of a cubeb litsea tree is weighed, being immersed in 1~2L mass fraction is 1% chlorination
8~10h in sodium solution, then the fruit of a cubeb litsea tree is transferred in beater and is homogenized, fruit of a cubeb litsea tree slurry is obtained, fruit of a cubeb litsea tree slurry is packed into distillation still
In, and be added 20~30L deionized water, then use 300W 10~15min of ultrasonic echography, be then heated to boiling, condensation collection
And stratification, supernatant liquor is taken, litsea cubeba oil is obtained.
3. the preparation method of environmental type timber preservative according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (1)
The speed of the stirring is 300~400r/min, and the time of stirring is followed successively by 15~20min, 6~8h, 1~2h.
4. the preparation method of environmental type timber preservative according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (1)
The drying carries out in drying box, and the temperature of the drying is 105~110 DEG C.
5. the preparation method of environmental type timber preservative according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (3)
The speed of the stirring is 500~600r/min, and the time of stirring is 20~30min.
6. the preparation method of environmental type timber preservative according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (3)
The ultrasonic disperse is to disperse 30~40min with 400W ultrasonic echography.
7. the preparation method of environmental type timber preservative according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (7)
The speed of the stirring is 300~400r/min, and the time of stirring is followed successively by 15~20min, 20~30min, 1~2h.
8. the application method of environmental type timber preservative according to claim 1, which is characterized in that it includes following step
Suddenly：By wood surface uniform grinding, by the environmental type timber preservative with 100~150g/m2Coated weight brushing is in wood
Material surface obtains dry erosion resistant coating after wood surface dries, and anti-corrosion layer surface of then polishing is smooth, then preservative is taken to be painted on
Anti-corrosion layer surface after polishing.
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| CN201810828074.2A CN108908591A (en) | 2016-11-02 | 2016-11-02 | A kind of preparation method and application method of environmental type timber preservative |
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| CN201810828074.2A CN108908591A (en) | 2016-11-02 | 2016-11-02 | A kind of preparation method and application method of environmental type timber preservative |
| CN201610946916.5A CN106393362B (en) | 2016-11-02 | 2016-11-02 | A kind of preparation method of environmental type timber preservative |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114854301A (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-08-05 | 广东川奥高新科技有限公司 | Solvent-free type track surface layer with three-dimensional pattern of polyurethane and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107053403A (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2017-08-18 | 常州大学 | A kind of preparation method of environment-friendly type composite wood preservative |
| CN106965280A (en) * | 2017-04-11 | 2017-07-21 | 吴延 | A kind of wood preservation insect-proof agent |
| CN107813389A (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2018-03-20 | 常州麒通国际贸易有限公司 | A kind of timber preservative and preparation method thereof |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1268678C (en) * | 2002-05-23 | 2006-08-09 | 中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所 | Preparation method of chitin metal salt wood preservative and its application |
| CN103753663A (en) * | 2013-12-11 | 2014-04-30 | 常熟市鑫磊木业制造厂 | Wood preservative |
| CN104400852B (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2016-06-15 | 龙岩学院 | A kind of manufacture method of engineering corrosion-resistant bamboo |
| CN104972534A (en) * | 2015-06-28 | 2015-10-14 | 青岛克立克信息技术有限公司 | Nontoxic wood preservative |
| CN105058529A (en) * | 2015-07-20 | 2015-11-18 | 孙晨 | Environmentally friendly mildew preventives for willow rattans |
| CN105690519B (en) * | 2015-12-26 | 2017-12-12 | 郑州金土地能源科技有限公司 | Environmentally friendly wood preservative |
-
2016
- 2016-11-02 CN CN201610946916.5A patent/CN106393362B/en active Active
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114854301A (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-08-05 | 广东川奥高新科技有限公司 | Solvent-free type track surface layer with three-dimensional pattern of polyurethane and preparation method thereof |
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| CN106393362B (en) | 2018-07-24 |
| CN106393362A (en) | 2017-02-15 |
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Application publication date: 20181130 |