CN108900222A - A kind of frequency-hopping communication method based on mimo system - Google Patents
A kind of frequency-hopping communication method based on mimo system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种跳频通信方法，尤其涉及一种基于MIMO系统的跳频通信方法，涉及跳频通信领域。The invention relates to a frequency hopping communication method, in particular to a frequency hopping communication method based on a MIMO system, and relates to the field of frequency hopping communication.
背景技术Background technique
跳频通信技术(Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum)是通信系统中一种扩频技术，它最大的优点是抗干扰能力强，被广泛的应用在军事通信中，也应用在移动通信系统GSM和商用系统中。跳频通信的基本思想是载波频率在一定范围内的不断跳变。所以，这里要注意的是，跳频技术和直接序列扩频不一样，跳频技术扩展的频谱不是传送信号的，而是载波频率。跳频技术的抗干扰能力取决于载波频率跳变的速率，速率越快，抗干扰能力越强。一般在军事通信中，载波频率的跳变速率要达到上万跳每秒，移动通信系统和商用通信系统就比较低，几百跳每秒，甚至几十跳每秒。Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum is a spread spectrum technology in the communication system. Its biggest advantage is strong anti-interference ability. It is widely used in military communication, and also in mobile communication system GSM and commercial systems. middle. The basic idea of frequency hopping communication is the constant hopping of the carrier frequency within a certain range. Therefore, it should be noted here that the frequency hopping technology is different from the direct sequence spread spectrum. The frequency spectrum expanded by the frequency hopping technology is not the transmission signal, but the carrier frequency. The anti-interference ability of frequency hopping technology depends on the rate of carrier frequency hopping, the faster the rate, the stronger the anti-interference ability. Generally, in military communications, the hopping rate of the carrier frequency must reach tens of thousands of hops per second, while mobile communication systems and commercial communication systems are relatively low, hundreds of hops per second, or even dozens of hops per second.
MIMO(多输入多输出)系统的基本特征是在发射机侧的多个天线的使用相同的发射频率；在接收端，利用分集技术，接收机合并不同天线形成的不同信道的信号。利用空时特性可以增加系统容量，同时分集也可以提高系统的可靠性。The basic feature of a MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) system is that multiple antennas on the transmitter side use the same transmission frequency; on the receiving end, using diversity technology, the receiver combines signals of different channels formed by different antennas. Utilizing space-time characteristics can increase system capacity, and diversity can also improve system reliability.
如何将跳频通信技术与MIMO系统结合起来，融合二者的优势，进一步提高通信系统的有效性、可靠性，就成为本领域技术人员亟待解决的问题。How to combine the frequency hopping communication technology with the MIMO system, integrate the advantages of the two, and further improve the effectiveness and reliability of the communication system has become an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明针对现有的MIMO系统和跳频技术，提出了一种在MIMO系统上进行跳频的结合方案，本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：Aiming at the existing MIMO system and frequency hopping technology, the present invention proposes a combined scheme for performing frequency hopping on the MIMO system. The present invention is realized through the following technical solutions:
一种基于MIMO系统的跳频通信方法，包括以下步骤：A frequency hopping communication method based on MIMO system, comprising the following steps:
S1、空时编码步骤：通过空时编码器，将初始信息进行编码，得到发射符号向量；S1. Space-time encoding step: Encode the initial information through a space-time encoder to obtain a transmitted symbol vector;
S2、跳频步骤：发射端的频率控制单元在每一个发射间隙产生K个频率不同的载波；S2. Frequency hopping step: the frequency control unit at the transmitting end generates K carriers with different frequencies in each transmission gap;
S3、调制步骤：每个发射符号向量对应一个载波，对发射符号向量进行调制，得到跳变的载波信号；S3. Modulation step: each transmitted symbol vector corresponds to a carrier, and the transmitted symbol vector is modulated to obtain a hopping carrier signal;
S4、发送步骤：使用M根天线发送信号；S4. Sending step: using M antennas to send signals;
S5、接收步骤：使用N根天线接收信号；S5. Receiving step: using N antennas to receive signals;
S6、解跳频步骤：通过接收端的频率控制单元将S5中接收到的信号解跳频，得到解跳频信号；S6, de-frequency hopping step: de-frequency-hop the signal received in S5 through the frequency control unit at the receiving end to obtain a de-frequency hopping signal;
S7、解调步骤：解跳频信号经过解调单元的解调成为基带信号；S7. Demodulation step: the frequency hopping signal is demodulated by the demodulation unit to become a baseband signal;
S8、空时解码步骤：基带信号经过空时解码器恢复出原本传输的信号。S8. Step of space-time decoding: the baseband signal is restored to the originally transmitted signal through the space-time decoder.
优选地，S1具体为：在每一时隙Ts，将二进制的初始信息向量发送到空时编码器里面去，得到一个发射符号向量。Preferably, S1 is specifically: in each time slot T s , sending the binary initial information vector to the space-time encoder to obtain a transmitted symbol vector.
优选地，S2中K个频率不同的载波分别为f1，f2，·...，fK(fk∈F，1≤k≤K，其中F为包含所有的可用跳频点的集合)，所述K个载波按照各自的跳频图规律性的跳变。Preferably, the K carriers with different frequencies in S2 are f 1 , f 2 , ..., f K (f k ∈ F, 1≤k≤K, where F is a set containing all available frequency hopping points ), the K carriers regularly hop according to their respective frequency hopping patterns.
优选地，S3中的调制为跳频通信FSK调制方式。Preferably, the modulation in S3 is FSK modulation in frequency hopping communication.
优选地，S4中由发射端的频率控制单元的高精度时钟性保证M根天线同步发送。Preferably, in S4, the high-precision clocking of the frequency control unit at the transmitting end ensures that the M antennas transmit synchronously.
优选地，S6步骤具体为：Preferably, step S6 is specifically:
S61：将S5中接收到的N条信号整理成一条信号；S61: sorting the N signals received in S5 into one signal;
S62：接收端的频率控制单元在每一个发射间隙产生K个频率不同的载波；S62: The frequency control unit at the receiving end generates K carriers with different frequencies in each transmission gap;
S63：将所述一条信号与所述K个频率不同的载波相乘，得到K个解跳频信号。S63: Multiply the one signal by the K carriers with different frequencies to obtain K de-frequency-hopping signals.
本发明技术方案的优点主要体现在：在MIMO系统上进行跳频，在保留了MIMO系统本身可靠性高的优点的同时，比起现有的恒载频系统，提高了频谱利用率，及抗干扰能力。The advantages of the technical solution of the present invention are mainly reflected in: performing frequency hopping on the MIMO system, while retaining the advantages of high reliability of the MIMO system itself, compared with the existing constant carrier frequency system, the spectrum utilization rate is improved, and the anti- Interference ability.
此外，本发明也为同领域内的其他相关问题提供了参考，可以以此为依据进行拓展延伸，运用于跳频通信领域内其他的技术方案中，具有很强的适用性和广阔的应用前景。In addition, the present invention also provides a reference for other related issues in the same field, and can be extended based on this, and applied to other technical solutions in the field of frequency hopping communication, which has strong applicability and broad application prospects .
总体而言，本发明所兼顾了通信的抗干扰能力和有效性，使用效果良好，具有很高的使用及推广价值。Generally speaking, the present invention takes into account the anti-jamming capability and effectiveness of communication, has good use effect, and has high use and popularization value.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是流程示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart;
图2是跳频图样例；Figure 2 is a sample frequency hopping diagram;
图3是MIMO跳频通信系统的发射端结构示意图；Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a transmitting end of a MIMO frequency hopping communication system;
图4是MIMO跳频通信系统的接受端结构示意图；FIG. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of a receiving end of a MIMO frequency hopping communication system;
图5是SISO跳频系统和MIMO跳频系统的性能比较图。Fig. 5 is a performance comparison chart of the SISO frequency hopping system and the MIMO frequency hopping system.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
本发明的目的、优点和特点，将通过下面优选实施例的非限制性说明进行图示和解释。这些实施例仅是应用本发明技术方案的典型范例，凡采取等同替换或者等效变换而形成的技术方案，均落在本发明要求保护的范围之内。Objects, advantages and features of the present invention will be illustrated and explained by the following non-limiting description of preferred embodiments. These embodiments are only typical examples of applying the technical solutions of the present invention, and all technical solutions formed by adopting equivalent replacements or equivalent transformations fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
如图1-图4所示，包含以下步骤；As shown in Figure 1-Figure 4, the following steps are included;
步骤一：进行空时编码。假设一个MIMO跳频系统，发射天线数和接收天线数分别为M和N。在每一时隙Ts，将二进制的初始信息向量送到空时编码器里面去，得到一个发射符号向量。Step 1: Perform space-time coding. Assuming a MIMO frequency hopping system, the number of transmit antennas and the number of receive antennas are M and N, respectively. In each time slot T s , the binary initial information vector is sent to the space-time coder to obtain a transmitted symbol vector.
步骤二：进行跳频。发射机频率控制单元FCU控制跳频频率的合成，且在每一发射间隙都会产生K个频率不同的载波分别为f1，f2，...，fK(fk∈F，1≤k≤K，)对应跳频图的频率大小。跳频需要按照一个跳频图来进行频率的跳变，实际就是一个跳频序列。如图2所示，跳频图是通信之前分配好的，然后由频率控制单元对照这个跳频图来对频率进行跳变。接收机对照这个跳频图来对接收的信号解跳频。这个跳频图可以用很多种方法构造出来，常用的为(1)基于移位寄存器的跳频序列(2)基于混沌映射的跳频序列。每个发射符号向量对应一个载波，然后进行调制。采用的是跳频通信FSK调制方式。Step 2: Perform frequency hopping. The transmitter frequency control unit FCU controls the synthesis of frequency hopping frequencies, and K carriers with different frequencies are generated in each transmission interval, respectively f 1 , f 2 ,..., f K (f k ∈ F, 1≤k ≤K,) corresponds to the frequency of the frequency hopping pattern. Frequency hopping needs to perform frequency hopping according to a frequency hopping diagram, which is actually a frequency hopping sequence. As shown in Figure 2, the frequency hopping pattern is allocated before communication, and then the frequency control unit hops the frequency according to the frequency hopping pattern. The receiver de-hops the received signal against this frequency hopping pattern. This frequency hopping graph can be constructed in many ways, commonly used are (1) frequency hopping sequence based on shift register (2) frequency hopping sequence based on chaotic map. Each transmitted symbol vector corresponds to a carrier, which is then modulated. It adopts frequency hopping communication FSK modulation method.
步骤三：使用M根天线来发送这些信号。FCU的高精度时钟性保证M个天线发送同步。K个跳频载波会按照自己的跳频图案FP1，FP2，...，FPK同时很有规律性的跳变。每一个发射符号的间隔存在的跳频次数为Nh，所以跳频时隙的公式为：Th＝Ts/Nb。Step 3: Use M antennas to send these signals. The high-precision clock of the FCU ensures that M antennas transmit synchronously. The K frequency hopping carriers will simultaneously hop regularly according to their own frequency hopping patterns FP 1 , FP 2 , . . . , FP K. The number of frequency hopping in each transmission symbol interval is N h , so the formula for the frequency hopping time slot is: T h =T s /N b .
步骤四：设跳频MIMO系统工作在平坦瑞利衰落信道，系统限制总的天线发射功率为P，所以对于M条天线，其发射功率为P/M，。由上可知，由第m(1≤m≤M)个天线发射的复基带等效信号可表示为：Step 4: Assuming that the frequency-hopping MIMO system works on a flat Rayleigh fading channel, the system limits the total antenna transmission power to P, so for M antennas, the transmission power is P/M. It can be seen from the above that the complex baseband equivalent signal transmitted by the mth (1≤m≤M) antenna can be expressed as:
式中是表示第1个符号间隔的第p(1≤p≤Nh)个跳频时隙，用第k个跳频频点，2fd是VFSK调制下相邻频率的最小间隔，决定信号的频谱特征。为了方便计算和记忆，定义此时假设最大多径延迟小于跳频时隙Th。In the formula is the pth (1≤p≤N h ) frequency hopping time slot representing the first symbol interval, using the kth frequency hopping frequency point, 2f d is the minimum interval between adjacent frequencies under VFSK modulation, Determine the spectral characteristics of the signal. For the convenience of calculation and memory, define At this time, it is assumed that the maximum multipath delay is smaller than the frequency hopping time slot T h .
接收端主要有以下主要步骤，该部分流程图可以参考附图3。The receiving end mainly has the following main steps, and the flow chart of this part can refer to the attached drawing 3.
为了能够接收顺利，发射机和接收机的跳频图案要能够协同。For smooth reception, the frequency hopping patterns of the transmitter and receiver must be coordinated.
步骤一：接收机中的频率控制单元也会每一个发射间隙产生K个频率不同的载波分别为f1，f2，...，fK(fk∈F，1≤k≤K)，对应跳频图的频率大小。由N条天线接收到的N条信号被整理成一条信号，并且这条信号与之前的K个载波进行相乘的操作，可以得到K个解跳频信号。Step 1: The frequency control unit in the receiver will also generate K carriers with different frequencies in each transmission gap, respectively f 1 , f 2 , ..., f K (f k ∈ F, 1≤k≤K), Corresponding to the frequency size of the frequency hopping graph. The N signals received by the N antennas are sorted into one signal, and this signal is multiplied by the previous K carriers to obtain K de-frequency hopping signals.
步骤二：解跳频信号经过解调器(如图4所示，在本实施例中，解调器为包络检波单元)的解调成为基带信号，然后这个信号经过空时解码器恢复出原本传输的信号。Step 2: The demodulation of the frequency-hopping signal by the demodulator (as shown in Figure 4, in this embodiment, the demodulator is an envelope detection unit) becomes a baseband signal, and then this signal is recovered by a space-time decoder originally transmitted signal.
第m个发射天线到第n(1≤n≤N)个接收天线之间，信道的低通等效脉冲响应为Between the mth transmitting antenna and the nth (1≤n≤N) receiving antenna, the low-pass equivalent impulse response of the channel is
式中，表示每个路径的衰落因子，每个都是瑞利衰落随机变量，且它们都是独立均匀分布的。表示相位，每个都是随机变量，且它们是在[0，2π]分布的。是路径传播延迟。In the formula, Indicates the fading factor of each path, each Both are Rayleigh fading random variables, and they are all independent and uniformly distributed. Indicates the phase, each are random variables, and they are distributed in [0, 2π]. is the path propagation delay.
可以用一个M×N阶复矩阵Hk来表示一个MIMO信道。并且，每个跳频图案对应一个Hk，每个Hk都是不一样的。其中，Hk满足式(2-1)。A MIMO channel can be represented by an M×N order complex matrix H k . Moreover, each frequency hopping pattern corresponds to one H k , and each H k is different. Among them, H k satisfies formula (2-1).
此时，我们N根天线所接收到的信号就可以表示为At this point, the signals received by our N antennas can be expressed as
其中，nn(t)表示第n个接收天线上的噪声。where n n (t) represents the noise on the nth receive antenna.
多根天线多个信号综合解跳后的信号可以表示为The signal after comprehensive dehopping of multiple signals from multiple antennas can be expressed as
图5是SISO跳频系统和MIMO跳频系统的性能比较图。纵坐标BER为(二进制)误码率，Eb/NO为每比特能量与噪声功率谱密度之比。在噪声信道，BER通常表示为归一化的函数载波噪声比度量，表示为Eb/NO(每比特能量与噪声功率谱密度之比)或ES/NO(每调制符号的能量来噪声谱密度)的函数。从图5可以看出MIMO调频系统的抗干扰能力有一定的提高。Fig. 5 is a performance comparison chart of the SISO frequency hopping system and the MIMO frequency hopping system. The ordinate BER is the (binary) bit error rate, and Eb/NO is the ratio of energy per bit to noise power spectral density. In noisy channels, BER is usually expressed as a normalized function of carrier-to-noise ratio metric expressed as Eb/NO (ratio of energy per bit to noise power spectral density) or ES/NO (energy per modulation symbol to noise spectral density) The function. It can be seen from Figure 5 that the anti-interference ability of the MIMO FM system has been improved to a certain extent.
本发明技术方案的优点在于在MIMO系统上进行跳频，在保留了MIMO系统本身可靠性高的优点的同时，比起现有的恒载频系统，提高了频谱利用率，及抗干扰能力。The technical solution of the present invention has the advantage of performing frequency hopping on the MIMO system, while retaining the advantages of high reliability of the MIMO system itself, compared with the existing constant carrier frequency system, the spectrum utilization rate and anti-interference ability are improved.
此外，本发明也为同领域内的其他相关问题提供了参考，可以以此为依据进行拓展延伸，运用于跳频通信领域内其他的技术方案中，具有很强的适用性和广阔的应用前景。In addition, the present invention also provides a reference for other related issues in the same field, and can be extended based on this, and applied to other technical solutions in the field of frequency hopping communication, which has strong applicability and broad application prospects .
总体而言，本发明所兼顾了通信的抗干扰能力和有效性，使用效果良好，具有很高的使用及推广价值。Generally speaking, the present invention takes into account the anti-jamming capability and effectiveness of communication, has good use effect, and has high use and popularization value.
对于本领域技术人员而言，显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节，而且在不背离本发明的精神和基本特征的情况下，能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此，无论从哪一点来看，均应将实施例看作是示范性的，而且是非限制性的，本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定，因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内，不应将权利要求中的任何附图标记视为限制所涉及的权利要求。It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, but that it can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit and essential characteristics of the invention. Accordingly, the embodiments should be regarded in all points of view as exemplary and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is therefore intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes within the meaning and range of equivalents of the elements are embraced in the invention, and any reference sign in a claim shall not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
此外，应当理解，虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述，但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案，说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见，本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体，各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合，形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described according to implementation modes, not each implementation mode only includes an independent technical solution, and this description in the specification is only for clarity, and those skilled in the art should take the specification as a whole , the technical solutions in the various embodiments can also be properly combined to form other implementations that can be understood by those skilled in the art.
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