CN108899482B - Aluminum ion battery and positive electrode material thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of novel batteries, and discloses an aluminum ion battery and a positive electrode material thereof, wherein the positive electrode material is a graphite intercalation compound, and is prepared from a host material and an intercalation material in a molar ratio of 0.1-10: 1, the host material is a graphite material, and the intercalation material is a graphite layer SP capable of entering the graphite material2Species that hybridize orbitally and are distinguished from C atoms. Compared with the prior art, in the anode material, the intercalation substance can effectively enlarge the graphite layer spacing of the graphite material, so that more aluminum ions can be stored in the anode material, and the mass capacity and the volume capacity of the prepared aluminum ion battery are greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of novel batteries, in particular to an aluminum ion battery and a positive electrode material thereof.
Background
Currently, worldwide research hot spots on energy storage technologies are all focused on batteries with high capacity, high power and low cost, and utilize the earth's abundant and environmentally friendly elements. A number of experimental studies have attempted to introduce optimized lightweight metals such as metallic aluminum and metallic magnesium in order to reduce the weight and increase the energy density of the overall energy storage system. From this viewpoint, the development of batteries based on aluminum negative electrodes has been pursued in the last yearsResearch is increasing. Aluminum is the most abundant metal element in the earth's crust, and is also the third most abundant element. Aluminum has a significant price advantage over other common metal materials (lithium and sodium) for chemical power sources. The specific mass capacity of aluminum is very close to that of lithium (Al 2.98Ah g) in terms of energy density and charging performance-1Comparative Li 3.86Ah g-1). However, the specific volume capacity of Al was 8.04 Ah cm-3Approximately 3 times the volumetric capacity of lithium. Aluminum has a specific energy second only to metallic lithium, but it has the highest volumetric energy density, which makes it advantageous to power volume-limited systems.
A rechargeable aluminum ion battery is developed at present, a novel aluminum ion battery which is fully charged in one minute and is researched and developed by Dacrojie team of Stanford university in 2015 is published in Nature journal, the positive electrode of the battery adopts pyrolytic graphite or foam graphite, the negative electrode adopts metal aluminum, a diaphragm adopts glass fiber, electrolyte adopts 1-ethyl-3 methylimidazole, and a prepared electrochemical device has the advantages of long service life, quick charging, low cost, good safety performance, non-flammability and the like. The capacity of the anode material adopted in the document is about 66 mA h/g (current density 40000 mA/g), the discharge platform is about 1.5v, and the energy density is equivalent to that of a lead-acid battery; the power density reaches 3kW/kg, which is equivalent to the power of a super capacitor. The pyrolytic graphite and the foam graphite are complex in preparation process and high in cost, and the produced active materials greatly influence the surface density of the positive electrode due to low density and the like, so that the energy density of a device is influenced, and therefore the pyrolytic graphite and the foam graphite are not optimal for industrial production.
A university of Zhejiang university in 2017 reports a document that graphene is used as an aluminum ion battery anode, the capacity of the anode material reaches 100 mA h/g (5000 mA/g), the energy density of the battery is about 60wh/kg, and the power density is 30 kW/kg. The problem group is also disclosed in the literature (A Defect-Free prism for Advanced graphics of Aluminum-Ion Battery.Adv Mater 2017,29(12) The method) reduces the original structural defects after the graphene is subjected to high-temperature treatment, and can greatly improve the battery capacity of the graphene serving as the anode material of the aluminum ion battery. However, the preparation of aluminum from grapheneThe most important defects of the positive electrode of the ion battery are complex process and high cost of raw materials, so that the development of a material suitable for industrial application is urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an aluminum ion battery and a positive electrode material thereof, wherein in the positive electrode material, an intercalation substance can effectively enlarge the graphite layer spacing of a graphite material, so that more aluminum ions can be stored in the positive electrode material, and the mass capacity and the volume capacity of the prepared aluminum ion battery are greatly improved.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention provides a positive electrode material of an aluminum ion battery, which is a graphite intercalation compound and is prepared by mixing a host material and an intercalation material in a molar ratio of 0.1-10: 1, the host material is a graphite material, and the intercalation material is a graphite layer SP capable of entering the graphite material2Species that hybridize orbitally and are distinguished from C atoms.
Preferably, the intercalation material is any one or combination of the following: metal elements, halogen elements, metal chlorides and acids.
Preferably, the metal element is K or Na; the halogen element is F or Br; the metal chloride is FeCl3Or AlCl3(ii) a The acid is sulfuric acid or nitric acid.
Preferably, the graphitic material is any one or combination of the following: natural flake graphite, natural cryptocrystalline graphite, artificial graphite, expanded graphite, graphitized carbon materials.
Preferably, the preparation method of the cathode material is a gas-phase constant-pressure reaction method, a mixing method, an impregnation method or an electrochemical method.
The invention also provides an aluminum ion battery, the anode of the aluminum ion battery is made of the aluminum ion battery anode material, the cathode is aluminum foil or aluminum sheet, the electrolyte is a mixture of aluminum chloride and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, the current collector is titanium, tantalum, molybdenum, niobium, nickel, gold or platinum group metal, and the diaphragm between the anode and the cathode is glass fiber.
Preferably, in the electrolyte, the molar ratio of the aluminum chloride to the 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole chloride is 1.2 to 1.5: 1.
has the advantages that: the invention is realized by arranging a graphite layer SP of a graphite material2Different intercalation materials are inserted into the inner layer of the hybrid track to form a graphite intercalation compound, namely a positive electrode material, so that the graphite layer spacing of the graphite material in the positive electrode material is expanded to be far larger than the original 0.3354nm, and a first-order, second-order or multi-order mixture is formed, so that more aluminum ions can be stored in the positive electrode material, and the mass capacity and the volume capacity of the aluminum ion battery prepared by using the positive electrode material are greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of natural flake graphite of example 1 after intercalation with anhydrous ferric chloride.
Fig. 2 is a first charge-discharge diagram of the flexible-package aluminum ion battery prepared in example 1.
Fig. 3 is a graph of the cycle performance of the flexible-packaged aluminum-ion battery prepared in example 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment 1:
the embodiment provides a positive electrode material of an aluminum ion battery, which is a graphite intercalation compound and is prepared by mixing a host material, namely natural crystalline flake graphite, an intercalation material and anhydrous ferric chloride in a molar ratio of 3: 1.
The preparation method of the cathode material comprises the following steps:
weighing 1g of natural crystalline flake graphite and 4.5g of anhydrous ferric chloride in a glove box, fully mixing (the molar ratio of the natural crystalline flake graphite to the anhydrous ferric chloride is 3: 1), placing the mixture in a quartz tube, drying the mixture in vacuum at 100 ℃ for more than 6 hours, and then placing the quartz tube in a muffle furnace to treat the mixture for 2 hours at 500 ℃; the obtained powder is washed by deionized water and dried in an oven at 80 ℃ for 6 hours to obtain the cathode material, as shown in figure 1.
The method for preparing the aluminum ion battery by using the cathode material comprises the following steps:
the positive electrode material and polyvinylidene fluoride (with the concentration of 5 percent and the solvent of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone) are mixed into a viscous state according to the mass ratio of 9:1, the viscous state is coated on a nickel sheet with the thickness of 0.1mm, and the thick nickel sheet is dried in vacuum at the temperature of 80 ℃ overnight to be used as the positive electrode of the aluminum ion battery. The negative electrode adopts 99.7 percent of aluminum sheet, the diaphragm adopts whatman glass fiber, and the mixture of aluminum chloride and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride is used as electrolyte.
The preparation method of the electrolyte comprises the following steps: in a glove box filled with high-purity argon (the purity of the argon is more than or equal to 99.9 percent, and the oxygen content is higher than<5 ppm, moisture content<5 ppm), anhydrous aluminum chloride (AlCl)399.99%) was slowly added to 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride (EMICI) while continuously stirring to avoid decomposition of imidazolium cations by exothermic reaction; the mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. Wherein, AlCl3The molar ratio to the EMICI was 1.5: 1.
And sequentially assembling the anode/the diaphragm/the cathode into a flexible package battery, and then taking the battery into a glove box for liquid injection and edge sealing to obtain the aluminum ion battery.
The assembled flexible package aluminum ion battery is subjected to a constant current charge and discharge test (voltage range: 0.5V-2.5V, current density 100 mA/g) by using a Xinwei battery test system, and the initial discharge specific capacity of the anode material is 110mA h/g, as shown in figure 2; the discharge specific capacity after 100 cycles is kept at 106mA h/g, as shown in figure 3.
Embodiment 2:
the embodiment provides a positive electrode material of an aluminum ion battery, which is a graphite intercalation compound and consists of a host material, namely artificial graphite and an intercalation material, namely anhydrous aluminum chloride in a molar ratio of 1: 1.35.
The preparation method of the cathode material comprises the following steps:
weighing 1g of artificial graphite and 10g of anhydrous aluminum chloride in a glove box, fully mixing (the molar ratio of the artificial graphite to the anhydrous aluminum chloride is 1: 1.35), placing the mixture in a quartz tube, drying the mixture in vacuum at 100 ℃ for more than 6 hours, and then placing the quartz tube in a muffle furnace to treat the mixture at 250 ℃ for 2 hours; and cleaning the obtained powder with deionized water, and drying in an oven at 80 ℃ for 6 hours to obtain the cathode material.
The method for preparing the aluminum ion battery by using the cathode material comprises the following steps:
the positive electrode material and polyvinylidene fluoride (with the concentration of 5 percent and the solvent of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone) are mixed into a viscous state according to the mass ratio of 9:1, the viscous state is coated on a nickel sheet with the thickness of 0.1mm, and the thick nickel sheet is dried in vacuum at the temperature of 80 ℃ overnight to be used as the positive electrode of the aluminum ion battery. The negative electrode adopts 99.7 percent of aluminum sheet, the diaphragm adopts whatman glass fiber, and the mixture of aluminum chloride and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride is used as electrolyte.
The preparation method of the electrolyte comprises the following steps: in a glove box filled with high-purity argon (the purity of the argon is more than or equal to 99.9 percent, and the oxygen content is higher than<5 ppm, moisture content<5 ppm), anhydrous aluminum chloride (AlCl)399.99%) was slowly added to 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride (EMICI) while continuously stirring to avoid decomposition of imidazolium cations by exothermic reaction; the mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. Wherein, AlCl3The molar ratio to the EMICI was 1.2: 1.
And sequentially assembling the anode/the diaphragm/the cathode into a flexible package battery, and then taking the battery into a glove box for liquid injection and edge sealing to obtain the aluminum ion battery.
The assembled flexible package aluminum ion battery is subjected to a constant current charge-discharge test (voltage range is 0.5V-2.5V, current density is 100 mA/g) by using a Xinwei battery test system for testing, and the initial discharge specific capacity of the anode material is 80mA h/g; the discharge specific capacity is kept at 68mA h/g after 100 cycles.
Embodiment 3:
the embodiment provides a positive electrode material of an aluminum ion battery, which is a graphite intercalation compound and consists of a host material, namely artificial graphite, and an intercalation material, namely fluorine gas.
The preparation method of the cathode material comprises the following steps:
weighing 1g of artificial graphite, putting the artificial graphite into a quartz tube, carrying out vacuum drying for 6 hours at 100 ℃, introducing argon to remove air in the tube, continuously introducing fluorine gas, heating to 600 ℃, and carrying out heat preservation for 3 hours; and washing the obtained powder with deionized water, and drying in an oven at 80 ℃ for 6 hours to obtain the cathode material.
The method for preparing the aluminum ion battery by using the cathode material comprises the following steps:
the positive electrode material and polyvinylidene fluoride (with the concentration of 5 percent and the solvent of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone) are mixed into a viscous state according to the mass ratio of 9:1, the viscous state is coated on a nickel sheet with the thickness of 0.1mm, and the thick nickel sheet is dried in vacuum at the temperature of 80 ℃ overnight to be used as the positive electrode of the aluminum ion battery. The negative electrode adopts 99.7 percent of aluminum sheet, the diaphragm adopts whatman glass fiber, and the mixture of aluminum chloride and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride is used as electrolyte.
The preparation method of the electrolyte comprises the following steps: in a glove box filled with high-purity argon (the purity of the argon is more than or equal to 99.9 percent, and the oxygen content is higher than<5 ppm, moisture content<5 ppm), anhydrous aluminum chloride (AlCl)399.99%) was slowly added to 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride (EMICI) while continuously stirring to avoid decomposition of imidazolium cations by exothermic reaction; the mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. Wherein, AlCl3The molar ratio to the EMICI was 1.2: 1.
And sequentially assembling the anode/the diaphragm/the cathode into a flexible package battery, and then taking the battery into a glove box for liquid injection and edge sealing to obtain the aluminum ion battery.
The assembled flexible package aluminum ion battery is subjected to a constant current charge-discharge test (voltage range is 0.5V-2.5V, current density is 100 mA/g) by using a Xinwei battery test system for testing, and the initial discharge specific capacity of the anode material is 67mA h/g; the specific discharge capacity after 50 cycles is kept at 60mA h/g.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical concepts and features of the present invention, and the purpose of the embodiments is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The positive electrode material of the aluminum ion battery is characterized in that the positive electrode material is formed by graphite intercalation combinationThe host material and the intercalation material are mixed according to a molar ratio of 0.1-10: 1, the host material is a graphite material, and the intercalation material is a graphite layer SP capable of entering the graphite material2Substances that hybridize orbitals and are distinguished from C atoms;
the intercalation material is any one or combination of the following: halogen elements, acids;
the halogen element is F or Br;
the acid is sulfuric acid or nitric acid.
2. The positive electrode material for an aluminum-ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the graphite material is any one or a combination of:
natural flake graphite, natural cryptocrystalline graphite, artificial graphite, expanded graphite, graphitized carbon materials.
3. The positive electrode material for an aluminum-ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the positive electrode material is prepared by a gas-phase constant-pressure reaction method, a mixing method, an impregnation method, or an electrochemical method.
4. An aluminum ion battery, wherein the positive electrode of the aluminum ion battery is made of the positive electrode material of the aluminum ion battery according to any one of claims 1 to 3, the negative electrode is aluminum foil or aluminum sheet, the electrolyte is a mixture of aluminum chloride and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, the current collector is titanium, tantalum, molybdenum, niobium, nickel, gold or platinum group metal, and the separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode is glass fiber.
5. The aluminum-ion battery according to claim 4, wherein the molar ratio of the aluminum chloride to the 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride in the electrolyte is 1.2-1.5: 1.
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| CN109411712B (en) * | 2018-09-10 | 2021-09-03 | 天津理工大学 | Aluminum-chlorine mixed ion battery |
| CN109786720B (en) * | 2019-02-01 | 2021-03-16 | 东北大学 | Preparation method and use method of positive electrode material for aluminum chloride-carbon battery |
| CN109920977A (en) * | 2019-03-11 | 2019-06-21 | 杭州怡莱珂科技有限公司 | Alchlor-compound between graphite layers and preparation method thereof and electrode and battery |
| CN110707323B (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2022-12-27 | 太原理工大学 | Anion layer-expanding carbon material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113036122B (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2022-05-24 | 中南大学 | Expanded graphite cathode material, preparation method thereof, electrode and aluminum ion battery |
| CN113307261B (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2022-07-12 | 浙江大学 | Preparation method of graphite intercalation compound cathode material suitable for quick-charging lithium ion battery, product and application thereof |
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