CN108896465B - Vacuum generating device in geotechnical centrifuge model test and method for realizing vacuum - Google Patents
Vacuum generating device in geotechnical centrifuge model test and method for realizing vacuum Download PDFInfo
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- CN108896465B CN108896465B CN201810710001.3A CN201810710001A CN108896465B CN 108896465 B CN108896465 B CN 108896465B CN 201810710001 A CN201810710001 A CN 201810710001A CN 108896465 B CN108896465 B CN 108896465B
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007888 film coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009501 film coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
Abstract
The invention provides a vacuum generating device in a geotechnical centrifuge model test and a method for realizing vacuum, comprising a vacuum generating system and a water seal box, wherein the vacuum generating system comprises a model box, a drainage body, a vacuum pipe and a pressure maintaining pipe, the drainage body, the vacuum pipe and the pressure maintaining pipe are arranged in the model box, water in test soil in the model box is collected to the pressure maintaining pipe through the drainage body, the lower part of the pressure maintaining pipe is provided with an opening and is connected with the upper end of the vacuum pipe, the lower end of the vacuum pipe penetrates out of the bottom of the model box and enters the water seal box, a drain valve is arranged on the vacuum pipe between the model box and the water seal box, and a sealing film with a detachable opening is arranged on the model box and positioned at the upper end of the test soil. The invention skillfully utilizes the hypergravity field environment in the centrifugal machine to realize vacuum, has simple device and can reach higher vacuum degree in a short time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of vacuum realization on geotechnical centrifuges, and particularly relates to a vacuum generating device and a vacuum realization method in geotechnical centrifuge model test.
Background
The vacuum pre-pressing centrifugal model test is a test in which soil mass is vacuumized on a geotechnical centrifuge by utilizing a vacuum pump or other vacuum generating devices, so that water in the soil mass is permeated and solidified. The vacuum generating devices in the prior geotechnical centrifuges mainly have two types: the first type is to adopt a mechanical vacuum pump, because the centrifugal machine is in a super-gravity field, each mechanical component in the vacuum pump is difficult to normally work under the condition of bearing tens to hundreds times of gravity, the time for realizing vacuum is long, and the vacuum degree is lower; the second type is to use a vacuum generator, and vacuum is formed by using the suction force of high-pressure fluid when the high-pressure fluid passes through a narrow pipeline, the method can generate higher vacuum degree in a vacuum box, but the effective vacuum degree under a membrane is not high, and meanwhile, the geotechnical centrifuge is also required to be provided with devices such as a rotary connector and the like due to the need of being provided with a high-pressure air pump or a water pump and a water-gas separation box, so that the system of a test device is complex, and part of the inside of the geotechnical centrifuge cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a vacuum generating device and a method for realizing vacuum in a geotechnical centrifuge model test, which skillfully utilizes the environment of a hypergravity field in a centrifuge to realize vacuum, has simple device and can reach higher vacuum degree in a short time.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the vacuum generating device in the geotechnical centrifuge model test comprises a vacuum generating system and a water seal box, wherein the vacuum generating system comprises a model box, a drainage body, a vacuum pipe and a pressure maintaining pipe, the drainage body, the vacuum pipe and the pressure maintaining pipe are arranged in the model box, water in a test soil body in the model box is collected to the pressure maintaining pipe through the drainage body, an opening is formed in the lower portion of the pressure maintaining pipe and is connected with the upper end of the vacuum pipe, the lower end of the vacuum pipe penetrates out from the bottom of the model box and enters the water seal box, a drainage valve is arranged on the vacuum pipe between the model box and the water seal box, and a sealing film with a detachable opening is arranged on the upper end of the test soil body.
Further, contain experimental soil body and sand bed in the model box, the sand bed is located the top of experimental soil body, and the drainage body includes horizontal drainage body and vertical drainage body, and vertical drainage body is vertical to be set up in experimental soil body, and the upper end of vertical drainage body with stretch into the sand bed, horizontal drainage body sets up at the sand bed, and the one end and the pressurize pipe of horizontal drainage body communicate with each other.
The pressure maintaining pipe has only two interfaces, one is connected with the horizontal drainage body, and the other is connected with the vacuum pipe.
Further, the vertical drainage body is a sand well or a plastic drainage plate, and the horizontal drainage body is a drainage filter tube.
Further, the water surface in the water seal box is higher than the inlet of the vacuum tube into the water seal box. The water surface is higher than the inlet of the vacuum tube into the water seal box so as to prevent air from entering the vacuum tube, and meanwhile, the water discharged in the consolidation process of the test soil in the model box can be collected.
Further, the vacuum tube is vertically arranged, and a corrugated tube which can bear soil pressure transversely and can be compressed longitudinally is adopted. The corrugated pipe can bear vacuum negative pressure and the pressure of surrounding test soil, and can be longitudinally compressed to reduce the influence on the consolidation and settlement of the test soil.
Further, the sealing film is a soft plastic plate or plastic film.
The invention also provides a method for realizing vacuum by using the vacuum generating device in the geotechnical centrifuge model test, which comprises the following steps:
step one: installing a vacuum tube in a model box, placing the test soil body subjected to vacuum stirring in the model box, and carrying out self-weight consolidation;
step two: inserting a vertical drainage body into the test soil body after self-weight consolidation in the first step, connecting one end of a horizontal drainage body with a pressure maintaining pipe, connecting the lower part of the pressure maintaining pipe with a vacuum pipe, paving a sand layer, positioning the upper end of the vertical drainage body and the horizontal drainage body in the sand layer, and connecting a detection instrument: the soil pressure sensor and the pore water pressure sensor are inserted into the test soil body, the upper end of the model box is sealed with a sealing film, and a cable of the detection instrument penetrates out of an opening of the sealing film;
step three: filling water into the sand layer from the opening of the sealing film, and closing the opening after the sand layer is saturated with water, so as to complete the construction of the device;
step four: and D, placing the device built in the third step on a centrifuge, starting the centrifuge, starting a drain valve connected with a water seal box at the bottom of a vacuum tube after finishing dead weight consolidation again, generating vacuum at the upper part of a pressure retaining tube and the vacuum tube, starting vacuum preloading on the test soil body, and collecting soil pressure and pore water pressure values of the test soil body in the vacuum preloading consolidation process by using a detection instrument.
Furthermore, before the centrifugal machine is stopped, the drain valve at the lower part of the vacuum tube is closed, so that water in the water seal tank is prevented from flowing back into the model tank.
Furthermore, the installation height of the vacuum tube should be fully considered, and the soil settlement in the test process and the possible variation range of the water surface in the sealing box are ensured to be greater than 10/N meters, so as to ensure the vacuum degree under the membrane. Wherein N is the ratio of acceleration to gravitational acceleration in the centrifugal machine, and the effective height is the height between the upper end of the vacuum tube and the water surface of the water seal box.
A soil pressure sensor: model TY101 of China institute of engineering and physical institute of general engineering.
Pore water pressure sensor: china institute of engineering and physical institute of general engineering, model KYANFS16.
An important condition for realizing vacuum is to seal test soil in the model box. The sealing film can be covered on the top of the model box or the full-film-coating method is adopted, but the sealing film, the joints of the model box, the opening of the cable of the detecting instrument penetrating out of the sealing film and the like are sealed.
The test soil in the model box is required to be stirred in vacuum in advance to discharge air, a small amount of residual gas is collected in the pressure maintaining pipe in the consolidation process, and the pressure maintaining is realized by reducing the pressure through volume amplification, so that the relative stability of the vacuum degree under the sealing film is maintained.
The method for realizing vacuum is based on Torricelli (Torricelli) experimental principle, and uses water column with a certain height in the centrifuge to form vacuum. Under the condition of normal 1 time of gravity acceleration, water column with the height of about 10m is needed for generating vacuum, and under the condition of N times of gravity acceleration in the centrifugal machine, the height is only 1/N of the original height of the water column, so that the water column can be greatly reduced, and the vacuum can be realized in the centrifugal machine.
Under the condition of supergravity field of the centrifugal machine, the height of the water column which can be supported by standard atmospheric pressure is greatly reduced, vacuum is formed above the water level of the vacuum tube, the liquid level of the water seal box is communicated with the atmosphere in the process of solidifying and draining test soil body, and the height difference between the liquid level in the vacuum tube and the liquid level in the water seal box can be automatically balanced, so that the vacuum degree in the vacuum tube is ensured to be kept stable.
Compared with the prior art, the vacuum generating device in the geotechnical centrifuge model test and the method for realizing vacuum have the following advantages:
the vacuum generating device and the method for realizing vacuum in the geotechnical centrifuge model test are based on the Torricelli (Torricelli) experimental principle, and can realize the vacuum state in the pressure maintaining pipe and the upper part of the vacuum pipe through a small water column height by utilizing the supergravity field environment in the geotechnical centrifuge, so that the device has simple structure, convenient operation and high vacuum degree, can realize the vacuum state in a short time, and can be used for vacuum preloading model test in the geotechnical centrifuge and combined vacuum preloading model test for piling to realize the vacuum state under a sealing film.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic view of a simple structure of a vacuum generating device in a geotechnical centrifuge model test according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1-a vacuum tube; 2-a pressure maintaining pipe; 3-water sealing; 4-a drain valve; 5-water surface; 6-a model box; 7-testing soil mass; 8-sealing film; 9-vertical drainage bodies; 10-a horizontal drainage body; 11-sand layer.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first", "a second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art in a specific case.
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments.
As shown in FIG. 1, the vacuum generating device in the geotechnical centrifuge model test comprises a vacuum generating system and a water seal box 3, wherein the vacuum generating system comprises a model box 6, a drainage body, a vacuum tube 1 and a pressure maintaining tube 2, wherein the drainage body, the vacuum tube 1 and the pressure maintaining tube 2 are arranged in the model box 6, water in a test soil body 7 in the model box 6 is collected to the pressure maintaining tube 2 through the drainage body, an opening is formed in the lower part of the pressure maintaining tube 2 and is connected with the upper end of the vacuum tube 1, the lower end of the vacuum tube 1 penetrates out from the bottom of the model box 6 and enters the water seal box 3, a drain valve 4 is arranged on the vacuum tube 1 between the model box 6 and the water seal box 3, and a sealing film 8 with a detachable opening is arranged on the model box 6 and positioned at the upper end of the test soil body 7.
The model box 6 is internally filled with a test soil body 7 and a sand layer 11, the sand layer 11 is positioned above the test soil body 7, the drainage body comprises a horizontal drainage body 10 and a vertical drainage body 9, the vertical drainage body 9 is vertically arranged in the test soil body 7, the upper end of the vertical drainage body 9 extends into the sand layer 11, the horizontal drainage body 10 is arranged on the sand layer 11, and one end of the horizontal drainage body 10 is communicated with the pressure maintaining pipe 2.
The vertical drainage body 9 is a sand well or a plastic drainage plate, and the horizontal drainage body 10 is a drainage filter tube.
The water surface 5 in the water seal box 3 is higher than the inlet of the vacuum tube 1 into the water seal box 3.
The vacuum tube 1 is vertically arranged, and a corrugated tube which can bear soil pressure transversely and can be compressed longitudinally is adopted.
The sealing film 8 is a soft plastic plate or plastic film.
The method for realizing vacuum by utilizing the vacuum generating device in the geotechnical centrifuge model test comprises the following steps:
step one: the vacuum tube 1 is arranged in the model box 6, and the test soil 7 which is subjected to vacuum stirring is placed in the model box 6 to carry out self-weight consolidation;
step two: in step one, a vertical drainage body 9 is inserted into a test soil body 7 after self-weight consolidation, one end of a horizontal drainage body 10 is connected with a pressure maintaining pipe 2, the lower part of the pressure maintaining pipe 2 is connected with a vacuum pipe 1, a sand layer 11 is paved, the upper end of the vertical drainage body 9 and the horizontal drainage body 10 are positioned in the sand layer 11, and a detection instrument is used for: the soil pressure sensor and the pore water pressure sensor are inserted into a test soil body 7, a sealing film 8 is sealed at the upper end of the model box 6, and a cable of a detection instrument penetrates out of an opening of the sealing film 8;
step three: filling water into the sand layer 11 from the opening of the sealing film 8, and closing the opening after the sand layer 11 is saturated with water, so as to complete the construction of the device;
step four: placing the device built in the third step on a centrifuge, starting the centrifuge, after finishing self-weight consolidation again, starting a drain valve 4 connected with the water seal box 3 at the bottom of the vacuum tube 1, generating vacuum on the pressure maintaining tube 2 and the upper part of the vacuum tube 1, starting vacuum preloading on the test soil body 7, and collecting the soil pressure and pore water pressure values of the test soil body 7 in the vacuum preloading consolidation process by using a detection instrument.
Before the centrifugal machine is stopped, the drain valve 4 at the lower part of the vacuum tube 1 is closed to prevent water in the water seal tank 3 from flowing back into the model tank 6.
The effective height h of the vacuum tube 1 is greater than 10/N meters, wherein N is the ratio of acceleration to gravitational acceleration in the centrifuge, and the effective height is the height between the upper end of the vacuum tube 1 and the water surface 5 of the water seal box 3.
If 50g of acceleration is adopted in the centrifuge in the test scheme, the height of h should be ensured to be more than 0.2 meter. Under the condition of ensuring the sealing state of the test soil body 7 in the model, the vacuum degree under the sealing film 8 can reach-95 kPa theoretically by considering the vapor pressure of water at normal temperature. If the residual gas of the test soil body 7 after vacuum stirring is considered to be 1 liter, and the volume of the pressure maintaining pipe 2 is 10 liters, the vacuum degree under the sealing film 8 in the test process can reach-90 kPa.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. Vacuum generating device in geotechnique centrifuge model test, its characterized in that:
the vacuum generating system comprises a model box (6), a drainage body, a vacuum pipe (1) and a pressure maintaining pipe (2), wherein the drainage body, the vacuum pipe (1) and the pressure maintaining pipe (2) are arranged in the model box (6), water in a test soil body (7) in the model box (6) is collected to the pressure maintaining pipe (2) through the drainage body, an opening is formed in the lower part of the pressure maintaining pipe (2) and is connected with the upper end of the vacuum pipe (1), the lower end of the vacuum pipe (1) penetrates out of the bottom of the model box (6) and enters the water sealing box (3), a drainage valve (4) is arranged on the vacuum pipe (1) between the model box (6) and the water sealing box (3), and a sealing film (8) with a detachable opening is arranged on the model box (6) and positioned at the upper end of the test soil body (7);
the model box (6) is internally provided with a test soil body (7) and a sand layer (11), the sand layer (11) is positioned on the test soil body (7), the drainage body comprises a horizontal drainage body (10) and a vertical drainage body (9), the vertical drainage body (9) is vertically arranged in the test soil body (7), the upper end of the vertical drainage body (9) extends into the sand layer (11), the horizontal drainage body (10) is arranged on the sand layer (11), and one end of the horizontal drainage body (10) is communicated with the pressure maintaining pipe (2);
the water surface (5) in the water seal box (3) is higher than the inlet of the vacuum tube (1) into the water seal box (3);
the effective height h of the vacuum tube (1) is greater than 10/N meters, wherein N is the ratio of acceleration to gravitational acceleration in the centrifuge, and the effective height is the height between the upper end of the vacuum tube (1) and the water surface (5) of the water sealed tank (3).
2. The vacuum generating device in geotechnical centrifuge model test according to claim 1, wherein:
the vertical drainage body (9) is a sand well or a plastic drainage plate, and the horizontal drainage body (10) is a drainage filter tube.
3. The vacuum generating device in geotechnical centrifuge model test according to claim 1, wherein:
the vacuum tube (1) is vertically arranged and adopts a corrugated tube which can bear soil pressure transversely and can be compressed longitudinally.
4. The vacuum generating device in geotechnical centrifuge model test according to claim 1, wherein:
the sealing film (8) is a soft plastic plate or plastic film.
5. A method for realizing vacuum by using the vacuum generating device in the geotechnical centrifuge model test according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein:
the method comprises the following steps:
step one: the vacuum tube (1) is arranged in the model box (6), and the test soil body (7) which is subjected to vacuum stirring is placed in the model box (6) to carry out self-weight consolidation;
step two: in step one, a vertical drainage body (9) is inserted into a test soil body (7) subjected to self-weight consolidation, one end of a horizontal drainage body (10) is connected with a pressure maintaining pipe (2), the lower part of the pressure maintaining pipe (2) is connected with a vacuum pipe (1), a sand layer (11) is paved, the upper end of the vertical drainage body (9) and the horizontal drainage body (10) are positioned in the sand layer (11), and a detection instrument is used for: the soil pressure sensor and the pore water pressure sensor are inserted into a test soil body (7), a sealing film (8) is sealed at the upper end of the model box (6), and a cable of a detection instrument penetrates out of an opening of the sealing film (8);
step three: filling water into the sand layer (11) from the opening of the sealing film (8), and closing the opening after the sand layer (11) is saturated with water, so as to complete the construction of the device;
step four: and D, placing the device built in the third step on a centrifuge, starting the centrifuge, after finishing self-weight consolidation again, starting a drain valve (4) connected with the water seal box (3) at the bottom of the vacuum tube (1), generating vacuum at the upper parts of the pressure maintaining tube (2) and the vacuum tube (1), starting vacuum preloading on the test soil body (7), and collecting the soil pressure and pore water pressure values of the test soil body (7) in the vacuum preloading consolidation process by using a detection instrument.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein:
before the centrifugal machine is stopped, the drain valve (4) at the lower part of the vacuum tube (1) is closed to prevent water in the water seal box (3) from flowing back into the model box (6).
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| CN111424735B (en) * | 2020-04-16 | 2021-12-07 | 广西钢铁集团有限公司 | Method for manufacturing centrifugal test model of sand well foundation |
| CN113385309B (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2022-05-31 | 浙江大学 | Liquid discharge control device and method for supergravity centrifugal model |
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