CN108896306A - Method for Bearing Fault Diagnosis based on adaptive atom dictionary OMP - Google Patents

Method for Bearing Fault Diagnosis based on adaptive atom dictionary OMP Download PDF

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CN108896306A
CN108896306A CN201810252985.5A CN201810252985A CN108896306A CN 108896306 A CN108896306 A CN 108896306A CN 201810252985 A CN201810252985 A CN 201810252985A CN 108896306 A CN108896306 A CN 108896306A
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atom
omp
signal
dictionary
bearing fault
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苗强
张新
刘慧宇
张恒
曾小飞
莫贞凌
王磊
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Sichuan University
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Sichuan University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00Testing of machine parts
    • G01M13/04Bearings
    • G01M13/045Acoustic or vibration analysis

Abstract

The present invention relates to bearing failure diagnosis fields, disclose a kind of Method for Bearing Fault Diagnosis based on adaptive atom dictionary OMP, extract the precision recognized with fault type to promote bearing fault characteristics.The present invention constructs atom dictionary according to bearing fault vibration signal characteristics, optimization algorithm is incorporated in OMP method, the atom with signal best match to be analyzed is adaptively obtained in dictionary by optimization algorithm, obtained atom pair signal is utilized to be reconstructed, then Envelope Analysis is carried out to reconstruction signal, and then realizes the accurate accurate identification extracted with fault type of bearing fault characteristics.The present invention is suitable for rolling bearing fault diagnosis.

Description

Method for Bearing Fault Diagnosis based on adaptive atom dictionary OMP
Technical field
The present invention relates to bearing failure diagnosis fields, in particular to the bearing fault based on adaptive atom dictionary OMP is examined Disconnected method.
Background technique
Critical mechanical component of the rolling bearing as rotating machinery is widely used in various industrial circles, runs shape State monitoring and fault diagnosis is for guaranteeing equipment Reliability, safety accident being avoided to have great importance.However, Practical Project In, since bearing fault characteristic information is often flooded by strong background noise and other labile elements, bearing fault characteristics letter Breath has been extracted into a difficult task.
The rarefaction representation of signal is to decompose in excessively complete atom dictionary to signal, is decomposed compared to tradition based on base Signal analysis method, such as:Short Time Fourier Transform, wavelet transformation etc., rarefaction representation have multiple advantages:(1) meet signal The needs of rarefaction representation, the useful information for including in signal will focus on a small number of atoms, be conducive to the extraction of information;(2) full The needs that sufficient signal adaptive indicates are sparse adaptively to select and signal immanent structure best from excessively complete dictionary The atom matched indicates signal;(3) time-frequency characteristic of non-stationary signal can be effectively disclosed, as long as the atom in excessively complete dictionary has There is good time-frequency locality, the non-stationary property of signal can be effectively disclosed using these atoms.Because of these advantages, signal Rarefaction representation becomes a research hotspot of signal and field of image processing in recent years, and research is concentrated mainly on two o'clock:How Construct the atom dictionary for signal immanent structure best match;The method for how designing and improving sparse signal representation improves Computational efficiency.
Currently based on the reconstruction signal of Gabor atom match tracing (MP) method of genetic algorithm, the bearing completed is former The accurate recognition effect of the extraction and fault type that hinder feature is poor, is increasingly difficult to meet production requirement now.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to:A kind of bearing failure diagnosis based on adaptive atom dictionary OMP is provided Method extracts the precision recognized with fault type to promote bearing fault characteristics.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that:It is constructed according to bearing fault vibration signal characteristics former Sub- dictionary incorporates optimization algorithm in OMP method, is adaptively obtained with signal to be analyzed most in dictionary by optimization algorithm Good matched atom utilizes obtained atom pair signal to be reconstructed, and then carries out Envelope Analysis to reconstruction signal, and then realize The accurate accurate identification extracted with fault type of bearing fault characteristics.
Further, the present invention incorporates whale optimization algorithm (WOA) in OMP method, by WOA optimization algorithm in dictionary In adaptively obtain and the atom of residue signal best match.In addition to WOA optimization algorithm, the present invention can also select grey wolf excellent Change other optimization algorithms such as algorithm, locust optimization algorithm (GOA).
Further, specific steps of the invention include:
Step 1:Acquire the vibration signal f of bearing;
Step 2:The decomposition number m of specified OMP method;
Step 3:Initialize residue signal R0F, even R0F=f, the value range of specified atom dictionary parameter, and initialize WOA optimization algorithm;
Step 4, the search of WOA optimization algorithm and current residue signal R are utilizednThe atom of f best matchAtomFor With the current maximum atom of residue signal inner product, n is the current decomposition number of OMP method;
Step 5, to atomIt is orthogonalized processing, obtains atom un
Step 6, residue signal R is calculatednF is in atom unOn projection;
Step 7, judge whether OMP algorithm meets decomposition termination condition, if satisfied, then entering step 8;Otherwise step is utilized 6 projections acquired and current residue signal RnF obtains residue signal R next timen+1F, and enable n=n+1, return step 4 after It is continuous to execute;
Projection calculated summation when step 8, to all previous decomposition, obtain projection and, and will projection and as reconstruction signal, Then Envelope Analysis is carried out to reconstruction signal, differentiates bearing fault.
Specifically, step 1 acquires the vibration signal f of bearing by acceleration transducer.
Specifically, the expression formula of the atom constructed according to bearing fault vibration signal characteristics is:
In formula, γ=(s, p, u, ξ, θ) is atomic parameter group;S is scale factor, and p is damped coefficient, and u is shift factor, ξ is frequency factor, and θ is phase factor, and t is the time.
Further, step 4 utilizes optimization algorithm search and current residue signal RnF best match atomProcess table It is shown as:
In formula;Fitness indicates fitness function or objective function,Best obtained is decomposed for OMP n-th With atom.
Further, atom u is obtained in step 5nProcess completed by Schmidt process, including:It enables firstThen
Further, the projection acquired in step 7 using step 6 and current residue signal RnF obtains next time residual Remaining signal Rn+1The formula of f is:
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:The present invention can adaptively choose from atom dictionary best with signal to be analyzed Matched atom, since the atom is according to designed by bearing fault vibration signal characteristics, can effectively extract bearing due to therefore Shock characteristic caused by hindering, in addition the present invention incorporates WOA optimization algorithm in OMP method, can greatly improve the meter of OMP method Efficiency and precision is calculated, to realize the Precise Diagnosis of bearing fault.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of embodiment;
Fig. 2 is the time domain waveform of original vibration signal in embodiment;
Fig. 3 is the envelope spectrum of original vibration signal in embodiment;
Fig. 4 is the resulting reconstruction signal of embodiment;
Fig. 5 is the envelope spectrum of reconstruction signal obtained by embodiment;
Fig. 6 is traditional resulting reconstruction signal of Gabor dictionary pattern matching based on genetic algorithm;
Fig. 7 is the envelope spectrum of traditional resulting reconstruction signal of Gabor dictionary pattern matching based on genetic algorithm.
Specific embodiment
The present invention constructs atom dictionary according to bearing fault vibration signal characteristics, and WOA optimization algorithm is incorporated OMP method In, the atom with signal best match to be analyzed is adaptively obtained in dictionary by WOA optimization algorithm, utilizes obtained original Signal is reconstructed in son, then to reconstruction signal carry out Envelope Analysis, and then realize bearing fault characteristics it is accurate extraction and The accurate identification of fault type.Orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) method, can be secondary most in locally searching as a kind of sparse representation method Excellent sparse decomposition, guarantee computational accuracy while algorithm complexity it is relatively low, therefore the present invention can effectively extract bearing due to Shock characteristic caused by failure, and by the way that the computational efficiency and essence of OMP method will be can be further improved in WOA involvement OMP Degree, to realize accurate, the efficient diagnosis of bearing fault.
Based on above-mentioned thought, embodiment provides a kind of Method for Bearing Fault Diagnosis, and workflow is as shown in Figure 1, specific Steps are as follows:
Step 1:Bearing vibration signal f is acquired by acceleration transducer.According to bearing fault vibration signal characteristics institute structure The expression formula for the atom made is:
In formula, t is the time, and atomic parameter group is γ (s, p, u, ξ, θ), and the meaning and value interval that parameter indicates are as follows:
S --- scale factor, s ∈ [1, N] (N is signal sampling points);
P --- damped coefficient, p ∈ (0,1);
U --- shift factor, u ∈ [0, N-1];
ξ --- frequency factor, value interval usually cover bearing resonance frequency i.e. ξ ∈ [0,6000];
θ --- phase factor, θ ∈ [0,2 π]
Step 2:The decomposition number m of specified OMP method.
Step 3:Initialize residue signal R0F, even R0F=f, the value range of specified atom dictionary parameter, and initialize WOA optimization algorithm, including whale population quantity and WOA algorithm maximum number of iterations.
Step 4, the search of WOA optimization algorithm and current residue signal R are utilizednThe atom of f best matchAtomFor With the current maximum atom of residue signal inner product, n is the current decomposition number of OMP method.Using optimization algorithm search and currently Residue signal RnThe atom of f best matchProcedural representation be:
In formula;Fitness indicates fitness function or objective function,Best obtained is decomposed for OMP n-th With atom.
Step 5, using Schmidt process to atomIt is orthogonalized, obtains atom un。unAcquisition process Including:
It enables firstThen it is obtained by following equation:
Step 6, current residue signal R is calculatednF is in atom unOn projection, i.e.,
Step 7, judge whether OMP algorithm meets decomposition termination condition, if satisfied, then entering step 8;Otherwise step is utilized 6 projections acquiredAnd current residue signal RnF obtains residue signal R next timen+1F, and n=n+1 is enabled, Return step 4 continues to execute.Obtain residue signal R next timen+1The formula of f is:
Projection calculated summation when step 8, to all previous decomposition, obtain projection and, and will projection and as reconstruction signal fReconstruct, i.e.,
Then to reconstruction signal fReconstructEnvelope Analysis is carried out, differentiates bearing fault.
Below in conjunction with specific example --- certain housing washer fault diagnosis further illustrates embodiment.Test axis It is as shown in table 1 below to hold specification:
1 test bearing specification of table
When test, motor drives test bearing rotation, and wherein motor turn is frequently 30.9Hz, signal sampling frequencies 10kHz, Sampling number N=4096, test bearing outer ring fault characteristic frequency, which can be obtained, according to bearing specification and motor turn frequency is:Fo= 79.3Hz。
The first step:Original vibration signal f (the unit g), Fig. 2, Fig. 3 of test bearing vibration are obtained by acceleration transducer The respectively time domain waveform and envelope spectrum of original vibration signal f.As seen from the figure, depositing due to noise and other interference components Apparent periodic shock, while envelope spectrum axis bearing outer-ring fault signature are being difficult to observe by vibration signal time domain waveform Frequency is almost flooded by the strong jamming frequency of surrounding, and therefore, it is difficult to carry out accurate discrimination to bearing fault.
Second step:The maximum of specified OMP algorithm decomposes number, this example m=70.
Third step:Initialize residue signal, i.e. R0F=f;Atomic parameter value range is specified as follows:s∈[1,4096],p ∈(0,1),u∈[0,4096-1],ξ∈[0,6000],θ∈[0,2π];The whale population number and maximum number of iterations of WOA algorithm Respectively 30 and 10.
The calculation method of 4-8 through the above steps, finally obtained reconstruction signal time domain waveform are as shown in Figure 4.It can by Fig. 4 Know, the periodic shock of bearing outer ring failure has obtained accurate extraction, and the time interval of periodic shock is bearing outer ring failure The inverse of characteristic frequency.Pass through the reconstruction signal f to Fig. 4ReconstructEnvelope Analysis is carried out, the packet of the reconstruction signal shown in fig. 5 is obtained Network is composed, and can be clearly observed very much bearing outer ring fault characteristic frequency F in envelope spectrumoAnd its frequency multiplication (2Fo、3Fo).Therefore, may be used Test bearing is judged there are outer ring failure, diagnostic result is consistent with experimental program, it was demonstrated that the validity of embodiment.
The superiority of method in order to further illustrate the present invention, Fig. 6, Fig. 7 give Gabor of the tradition based on genetic algorithm The reconstruction signal and its envelope spectrum of atom match tracing (MP) method.4,6 and Fig. 5 of comparison diagram, 7 respectively, it is clear that embodiment is in axis Hold better effect in fault diagnosis.Meanwhile the fortune of embodiment and tradition based on genetic algorithm Gabor atom match tracing MP method The row time is respectively 19.87 seconds and 24.04 seconds, it is seen that embodiment computational efficiency is higher, about the 1.21 of the latter times.

Claims (8)

1. the Method for Bearing Fault Diagnosis based on adaptive atom dictionary OMP, which is characterized in that according to bearing fault vibration signal Feature construction atom dictionary, will optimization algorithm incorporate OMP method in, by optimization algorithm in dictionary adaptively obtain with to The atom for analyzing signal best match, utilizes obtained atom pair signal to be reconstructed, and then carries out envelope point to reconstruction signal Analysis, and then realize the accurate accurate identification extracted with fault type of bearing fault characteristics.
2. the Method for Bearing Fault Diagnosis as described in claim 1 based on adaptive atom dictionary OMP, which is characterized in that will WOA optimization algorithm incorporates in OMP method, is adaptively obtained and residue signal best in dictionary by WOA optimization algorithm The atom matched.
3. the Method for Bearing Fault Diagnosis as claimed in claim 2 based on adaptive atom dictionary OMP, which is characterized in that tool Body step includes:
Step 1:Acquire the vibration signal f of bearing;
Step 2:The decomposition number m of specified OMP method;
Step 3:Initialize residue signal R0F, even R0F=f, the value range of specified atom dictionary parameter, and initialize WOA Optimization algorithm;
Step 4, the search of WOA optimization algorithm and current residue signal R are utilizednThe atom of f best matchAtomFor with work as The preceding maximum atom of residue signal inner product, n are the current decomposition number of OMP method;
Step 5, to atomIt is orthogonalized processing, obtains atom un
Step 6, current residue signal R is calculatednF is in atom unOn projection;
Step 7, judge whether OMP algorithm meets decomposition termination condition, if satisfied, then entering step 8;Otherwise it is asked using step 6 The projection obtained and current residue signal RnF obtains residue signal R next timen+1F, and n=n+1 is enabled, return step 4 continues It executes;
Projection calculated summation when step 8, to all previous decomposition, obtain projection and, and will projection and as reconstruction signal, then Envelope Analysis is carried out to reconstruction signal, differentiates bearing fault.
4. the Method for Bearing Fault Diagnosis as claimed in claim 3 based on adaptive atom dictionary OMP, which is characterized in that step Rapid 1 acquires the vibration signal f of bearing by acceleration transducer.
5. the Method for Bearing Fault Diagnosis as claimed in claim 3 based on adaptive atom dictionary OMP, which is characterized in that root The expression formula of the atom constructed according to bearing fault vibration signal characteristics is:
In formula, γ=(s, p, u, ξ, θ) is atomic parameter group;S is scale factor, and p is damped coefficient, and u is shift factor, and ξ is Frequency factor, θ are phase factor, and t is the time.
6. the Method for Bearing Fault Diagnosis as claimed in claim 5 based on adaptive atom dictionary OMP, which is characterized in that step Rapid 4 utilize the search of WOA optimization algorithm and current residue signal RnF best match atomProcedural representation be:
In formula;Fitness indicates fitness function or objective function,It is former that best match obtained is decomposed for OMP n-th Son.
7. the Method for Bearing Fault Diagnosis as claimed in claim 3 based on adaptive atom dictionary OMP, which is characterized in that step Atom u is obtained in rapid 5nProcess completed by Schmitt orthogonalization method, including:It enables firstThen
8. the Method for Bearing Fault Diagnosis as claimed in claim 7 based on adaptive atom dictionary OMP, which is characterized in that step The projection acquired in rapid 7 using step 6 and current residue signal RnF obtains residue signal R next timen+1The formula of f is:
CN201810252985.5A 2018-03-26 2018-03-26 Method for Bearing Fault Diagnosis based on adaptive atom dictionary OMP Pending CN108896306A (en)

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CN110136165A (en) * 2019-05-17 2019-08-16 河南科技学院 A kind of mutation movement method for tracking target based on the optimization of adaptive whale
CN111582128B (en) * 2020-04-30 2022-05-03 电子科技大学 Mechanical fault sparse representation method based on wolf pack parameterized joint dictionary
CN111582128A (en) * 2020-04-30 2020-08-25 电子科技大学 Mechanical fault sparse representation method based on wolf pack parameterized joint dictionary
CN111665050A (en) * 2020-06-04 2020-09-15 燕山大学 Rolling bearing fault diagnosis method based on clustering K-SVD algorithm
CN112613573A (en) * 2020-12-30 2021-04-06 五邑大学 Rolling bearing fault diagnosis method based on self-adaptive termination criterion OMP
CN112613573B (en) * 2020-12-30 2023-10-31 五邑大学 Rolling bearing fault diagnosis method based on self-adaptive termination criterion OMP
CN112988918A (en) * 2021-04-06 2021-06-18 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 Bearing fault dictionary construction method, analysis method and system
CN112988918B (en) * 2021-04-06 2022-10-21 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 Bearing fault dictionary construction method, analysis method and system
CN114739669A (en) * 2022-03-07 2022-07-12 西安交通大学 Rolling bearing state monitoring method and device based on terahertz radar

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