CN108892786A - A kind of lignin/surfactant composite nanoparticle and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of lignin/surfactant composite nanoparticle and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C08J3/02—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques
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- C08J3/24—Crosslinking, e.g. vulcanising, of macromolecules
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Abstract
The invention belongs to technical field of nano material, a kind of well dispersed lignin/surfactant composite nanoparticle and preparation method thereof in water is disclosed.The method of the present invention includes the following steps：(1) it disperses 100 mass parts lignin in lye, regulation system pH is 9~12, and 10~25 mass parts epoxychloropropane are added, and 1~3h of cross-linking reaction at 80~95 DEG C obtains high molecular weight lignin；(2) high molecular weight lignin, alkali, surfactant are added to the water, obtain the mixed solution that pH is 9~12；(3) pH value that acid is added to solution into above-mentioned mixed solution is 4~6, and stirring obtains lignin/surfactant composite nanoparticle aqueous dispersions.The lignin with excellent water dispersion performance/surfactant composite nanoparticle is prepared in the present invention, and hydrodynamic radius is 40~500nm, can very stably be dispersed in water, and be easy to mix with other components.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of nano material, in particular to a kind of lignin/surface well dispersed in water is living
Property agent composite nano-granule and preparation method thereof.
Background technique
For nano particle right and wrong often with the material for having application value, current most nano particle is prepared by inorganic material
, inorganic nanoparticles especially those nano particles made of metal or mineral material can be present in environment steadily in the long term
In, the injury of duration is brought to environment.Moreover, because most of inorganic material do not have biocompatibility and biodegrade
Property, which has limited their applications in many fields, and only a few inorganic nanoparticles can be applied to food, drug
And the fields such as cosmetics.And biological material has the advantage that traditional inorganic material does not have, such as reproducibility, biology
Compatibility, biodegradable etc..
Lignin is the second natural polymer chemicals abundant and the most abundant renewable fragrance after cellulose
Type substance.The global industrial lignin for nearly having 70,000,000 tons every year generates, and therein 90% is handled in a manner of burning,
Only 10% is applied in high-valued product.The water-insoluble of lignin is limit its industrial processes and large-scale application main
Factor.Improve the dispersion performance of lignin in water, the lignin nanoparticle for preparing water dispersible is to improve lignin application
The important channel of value.The lignin nanoparticle of water dispersible is hopeful in such as biomass-based adhesive, stabilizer, addition
Agent etc. is applied.Lignin nanoparticle is used to enhance the intensity of phenolic resin foam by existing pertinent literature report
(Composites Science and Technology,2012,72:667-674), Pickering lotion (ACS is prepared
Applied Materials&Interface,2016,8:23302-23310), transport silver ion (Soft Matter, 2015,
11:2046-2054) or prepare silver nano-grain (Nature Nanotechnology, 2015,10:817-824) etc..In addition,
Aqueous dispersed polymer nanoparticle delivery system application also obtained extensive research (Nature, 1998,392:5-
10), this may also become a kind of potential application of lignin nanoparticle.Well dispersed lignin can be convenient in water
It is mixed with other compositions, is conducive to develop more technologies for utilizing lignin.
The method for preparing water dispersible lignin nanoparticle at present can be mainly divided into solvent method and physical method.It is wherein molten
It is a kind of method most commonly seen in recent years that agent method, which prepares lignin nanoparticle, and solvent method is with some highly polar organic molten
Agent such as ethylene glycol, tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide will slowly introduce poor solvent --- the water of lignin after lignin dissolution,
The lignin for being diluted the good solvent of lignin and dissolving is precipitated into nanoscale particle.Largely using organic in solvent method
Solvent is easy to bring potential environmental hazard, and due to the residual of harmful organic solvent, prepared lignin nanoparticle exists
It is also limited using upper.Prepare lignin nanoparticle physical method mainly have high shear method, spray drying process and
Ultrasonic method etc. can largely reduce the dependence to chemical reagent, prepared lignin particle compared to solvent method
Have the advantages that small toxicity, but the disadvantage that the generally existing operating condition of these methods is stringent, energy consumption is high, and prepared lignin
Nanoparticle is easy to reunite, and water dispersion is poor.
In conclusion needing to develop a kind of can prepare water dispersible lignin nanoparticle in mild operating condition
Method.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art described above, divide in water the primary purpose of the present invention is that providing one kind
Dissipate good lignin/surfactant composite nanoparticle preparation method.
In alkaline solution, ionization generation electrostatic repulsion forces, which occur, for phenolic hydroxyl group, the alcoholic extract hydroxyl group of lignin makes lignin molecule
Skeleton is unfolded and dissolves, and the present invention combines its hydrophobic chain wooden by the way that suction-operated is interspersed by the way that surfactant is added
On the hydrophobic framework of plain molecule, hydrophilic group is exposed to outside lignin molecule.Again by be added acid with change pH value of solution make it is wooden
The protonations such as phenolic hydroxyl group, carboxyl of element, molecular skeleton shrink to live to form composite particles by surfactant molecule is clamping.Table
The hydrophilic group of face activating agent assigns lignin particle more negative electrical charge, so that generating strong electrostatic row between lignin particle
Reprimand effect, thus it is dispersed stably in formation lignin/surfactant composite nanoparticle in water.
Another object of the present invention is to provide lignin/surfactant well dispersed in water of above method preparation
Composite nanoparticle.Composite nanoparticle of the present invention is the complex of lignin and surfactant.
The purpose of the present invention is realized by following proposal：
A kind of well dispersed lignin/surfactant composite nanoparticle preparation method in water, including it is following
Step：
(1) it disperses 100 mass parts lignin in lye, regulation system pH is 9~12, and 10~25 mass parts rings are added
Oxygen chloropropane, 1~3h of cross-linking reaction at 80~95 DEG C, obtains high molecular weight lignin；
(2) high molecular weight lignin, alkali, surfactant are added to the water, obtain the mixed solution that pH is 9~12；
(3) pH value that acid is added to solution into above-mentioned mixed solution is 4~6, and stirring obtains lignin/surface-active
The aqueous dispersions of agent composite nano-granule.
In step (1), the lye can be sodium hydroxide solution, potassium hydroxide solution, ammonium hydroxide etc..
In step (1), concentration of the lignin in lye is preferably 20~40wt%, more preferably 30wt%.
In step (1), the pH is preferably 10.
In step (1), system can be dried to obtain high molecular weight lignin by rotary evaporation after the reaction.
In step (2), the concentration of lignin is preferably 0.1~5wt% in the mixed solution.
In step (2), the concentration of surfactant is preferably 0.01~2wt% in the mixed solution.
In step (2), the surfactant is enuatrol, neopelex, cetyl trimethyl bromine
Change at least one of ammonium.
In step (2), the alkali is one of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide.
In step (3), the acid is one of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid.
Further preferably to realize the object of the invention, lignin described in step (1) is preferably alkali lignin, enzymatic hydrolysis
One of lignin.
Further preferably to realize the object of the invention, the alkali lignin is selected from pulp black liquor, bamboo pulp black liquor, wheat
One of straw pulp black liquor, reed pulp black liquor, bagasse black liquor, Dracaena straw pulp black liquor, cotton stalk pulp black liquor and cotton pulp black liquor, warp
Lignin by acid separation powder after crossing acid out drying；The enzymolysis xylogen is that the cellulose fermentation in plant material is prepared alcohol
Residue in separation and Extraction lignin.
Further preferably to realize the object of the invention, in step (3), the stirring is to continuously stir.
Further preferably to realize the object of the invention, the lignin that step (3) obtains/surface-active agent composite nano-granule
Lignin/surfactant that sub- dispersion liquid can remove the acquisition purifying of the impurity such as free surfactant, salt by dialysis is multiple
Close nanoparticle dispersion liquid.
The present invention also provides lignin/surfactants with excellent water dispersion performance of above method preparation compound to receive
Rice corpuscles.The hydrodynamic radius of composite nanoparticle of the present invention is 40~500nm, is a kind of lignin particle and surface-active
The complex that agent molecule is formed, the hydrophobic chain of surfactant is in conjunction with lignin particles hydrophobic kernel, and hydrophilic group is in lignin
Outside particle.The hydrophilic group of surfactant forms strong electrostatic repulsion between lignin particle, makes lignin
Particle can be very stably dispersed in water, without being agglomerated into bulky grain.Excellent water dispersion is easy to lignin
It is sufficiently mixed with other various components, this is beneficial to higher value application of the lignin in various systems.
The present invention compared with the existing technology, has the following advantages and beneficial effect：
(1) present invention, which obtains high molecular weight lignin by the method being crosslinked, makes surface-active to improve its hydrophobicity
Agent hydrophobic chain can be more firmly in conjunction with lignin hydrophobic core, and is conducive to lignin particle and is precipitated at higher ph values,
It realizes without any organic reagent, only can prepare composite nano-granule in aqueous solution with alkali, two class reagent of surfactant
Son, nanosizing mild condition is easy to operate, remains the various functional groups of lignin.
(2) present invention prepared by lignin/surfactant composite nanoparticle hydraulic diameter partial size be 40~
500nm, and its partial size can easily be regulated and controled by adjusting the dosage of lignin and surfactant.Surfactant molecule
Bring electrostatic repulsion makes composite nanoparticle have very excellent water dispersion, will not occur after long-term placement
Aggregation and sedimentation.
(3) lignin of dissolubility difference has been prepared into and can have been overcome with the nanoscale compound particle of stable dispersion by the present invention
Lignin in water indissoluble solution, difficult dispersion the shortcomings that, provide the important place of one kind for the subsequent higher value application of lignin
Reason method.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is lignin/surfactant composite nanoparticle transmission electron microscope photo.
Fig. 2 is lignin/surfactant composite nanoparticle grain size distribution.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, and embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Material involved in the following example can be obtained from commercial channel.
Embodiment 1
(1) it takes 100 mass parts to be configured to concentration using sodium hydroxide from the lignin by acid separation powder of pulp black liquor to be
15 mass parts of epoxychloropropane are added in the aqueous solution that 20wt%, pH are 12, and cross-linking reaction 2h, reaction solution is rotated at 95 DEG C
High molecular weight lignin is obtained after evaporation drying.
(2) it takes the above-mentioned high molecular weight lignin of 1 mass parts to be added in 100 mass parts water, appropriate sodium hydroxide tune is added
Section pH value of solution is completely dissolved lignin to 9, and 0.4 mass parts neopelex is added, and continuing stirring makes dodecyl
Benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt is completely dissolved to obtain mixed solution.
(3) it is 4 that hydrochloric acid to pH value of solution is added dropwise into above-mentioned mixed solution, continuously stirs, lignin/ten can be obtained
The dispersion liquid of dialkyl benzene sulfonic acids sodium composite nanoparticle.
Embodiment 2
(1) taking 100 mass parts enzymolysis xylogens to be configured to concentration using ammonium hydroxide is 30wt%, and the aqueous solution that pH is 10 adds
Enter 20 mass parts of epoxychloropropane, the cross-linking reaction 2h at 90 DEG C will obtain high molecular weight wood after the drying of reaction solution rotary evaporation
Quality.
(2) it takes the above-mentioned high molecular weight lignin of 0.5 mass parts to be added in 100 mass parts water, appropriate ammonium hydroxide is added and adjusts
PH value of solution is completely dissolved lignin to 12, and 0.5 mass parts enuatrol and 0.5 mass parts neopelex is added, after
Continuous stirring makes enuatrol and neopelex be completely dissolved to obtain mixed solution.
(3) it is 6 that sulfuric acid to pH value of solution is added dropwise into above-mentioned mixed solution, continuously stirs, obtains lignin/oleic acid
Sodium-neopelex composite nanoparticle dispersion liquid.
Embodiment 3
(1) it takes 100 mass parts to be configured to concentration using sodium hydroxide from the lignin by acid separation powder of bamboo pulp black liquor to be
The aqueous solution that 40wt%, pH are 9, is added 10 mass parts of epoxychloropropane, and reaction solution is rotated and steamed by the cross-linking reaction 3h at 95 DEG C
High molecular weight lignin is obtained after hair shaft is dry.
(2) it takes the above-mentioned high molecular weight lignin of 5 mass parts to be added in 100 mass parts water, appropriate sodium hydroxide tune is added
Section pH value of solution is completely dissolved lignin to 11, and 2 mass parts enuatrols are added, and continues stirring and be completely dissolved enuatrol to be mixed
Close solution.
(3) it is 5 that sulfuric acid to pH value of solution is added dropwise into above-mentioned mixed solution, continuously stirs, obtains lignin/enuatrol
The dispersion liquid of composite nanoparticle.
Embodiment 4
(1) it takes 100 mass parts to be configured to concentration using potassium hydroxide from the lignin by acid separation powder of wheat straw black liquor to be
10 mass parts of epoxychloropropane are added in the aqueous solution that 35wt%, pH are 11, and cross-linking reaction 3h, reaction solution is rotated at 90 DEG C
High molecular weight lignin is obtained after evaporation.
(2) it takes the above-mentioned high molecular weight lignin of 2 mass parts to be added in 100 mass parts water, appropriate potassium hydroxide tune is added
Section pH value of solution is completely dissolved lignin to 11.5, and 0.6 mass parts neopelex is added, and continuing stirring makes dodecane
Base benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt is completely dissolved to obtain mixed solution.
(3) it is 5 that nitric acid to pH value of solution is added dropwise into above-mentioned mixed solution, continuously stirs, obtains lignin/dodecane
The dispersion liquid of base benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt composite nanoparticle.
Embodiment 5
(1) it takes 100 mass parts to be configured to concentration using sodium hydroxide from the lignin by acid separation powder of pulp black liquor to be
25 mass parts of epoxychloropropane are added in the aqueous solution that 30wt%, pH are 10, and cross-linking reaction 1h, reaction solution is rotated at 95 DEG C
Crosslinking lignin is obtained after evaporation.
(2) it takes the above-mentioned high molecular weight lignin of 0.1 mass parts to be added in 100 mass parts water, appropriate sodium hydroxide is added
Adjusting pH value of solution is completely dissolved lignin to 12.8, and 0.01 mass parts cetyl trimethylammonium bromide is added, continues to stir
Cetyl trimethylammonium bromide is set to be completely dissolved to obtain mixed solution.
(3) it is 4 that hydrochloric acid to pH value of solution is added dropwise into above-mentioned mixed solution, continuously stirs, obtains lignin/hexadecane
The dispersion liquid of base trimethylammonium bromide composite nanoparticle.
Embodiment effect explanation：
Illustrate effect by taking embodiment 1 as an example.
Fig. 1 is the transmission electron microscope picture of 1 product of embodiment shot by transmission electron microscope.The nanoparticle as we can see from the figure
Son is in irregular fragment shape, and particle size is about 40nm.Fig. 2 is the grain of 1 product of embodiment measured by dynamic light scattering
Diameter distribution map, the mean hydraulic diameter of the nanoparticle is only 70nm as the result is shown, illustrates to prepare using this method wooden
Element/surfactant composite nanoparticle.It is caused by two kinds of Instrument measuring methods are different that particle size data, which slightly has difference,.
Table 1 is 1 product of embodiment and raw material alkali lignin after removing free neopelex by dialysis
Sulfur content, therefrom it can be seen that, the sulfur content of the present embodiment product is apparently higher than raw material alkali lignin, this illustrates dodecane
Base benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt is successfully securely combined into nano particle with lignin.
The sulfur content of table 1 lignin raw material and 1 nanoparticle of embodiment
The above embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but embodiments of the present invention are not by above-described embodiment
Limitation, other any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention,
It should be equivalent substitute mode, be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of lignin/surfactant composite nanoparticle preparation method, it is characterised in that include the following steps：
(1) it disperses 100 mass parts lignin in lye, regulation system pH is 9~12, and 10~25 mass parts epoxy chlorine are added
Propane, 1~3h of cross-linking reaction at 80~95 DEG C, obtains high molecular weight lignin；
(2) high molecular weight lignin, alkali, surfactant are added to the water, obtain the mixed solution that pH is 9~12；
(3) pH value that acid is added to solution into above-mentioned mixed solution is 4~6, and it is multiple to obtain lignin/surfactant for stirring
Close the aqueous dispersions of nanoparticle.
2. lignin according to claim 1/surfactant composite nanoparticle preparation method, it is characterised in that：
In step (1), the lye is sodium hydroxide solution, potassium hydroxide solution or ammonium hydroxide.
3. lignin according to claim 1/surfactant composite nanoparticle preparation method, it is characterised in that：
In step (1), concentration of the lignin in lye is 20~40wt%.
4. lignin according to claim 1/surfactant composite nanoparticle preparation method, it is characterised in that：
In step (1), the pH is 10.
5. lignin according to claim 1/surfactant composite nanoparticle preparation method, it is characterised in that：
In step (2), the concentration of lignin is 0.1~5wt% in the mixed solution.
6. lignin according to claim 1/surfactant composite nanoparticle preparation method, it is characterised in that：
In step (2), the concentration of surfactant is 0.01~2wt% in the mixed solution.
7. lignin according to claim 1/surfactant composite nanoparticle preparation method, it is characterised in that：
In step (2), the surfactant is enuatrol, in neopelex, cetyl trimethylammonium bromide
It is at least one.
8. lignin according to claim 1/surfactant composite nanoparticle preparation method, it is characterised in that：
Lignin described in step (1) is at least one of alkali lignin, enzymolysis xylogen；In step (2), the alkali is hydrogen
At least one of sodium oxide molybdena, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide；In step (3), the acid is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, at least one in nitric acid
Kind.
9. lignin according to claim 8/surfactant composite nanoparticle preparation method, it is characterised in that：
The alkali lignin is selected from pulp black liquor, bamboo pulp black liquor, wheat straw black liquor, reed pulp black liquor, bagasse black liquor, Chinese alpine rush
One of black liquor, cotton stalk pulp black liquor and cotton pulp black liquor are starched, the lignin by acid separation powder after acid out is dry；The enzymatic hydrolysis
Lignin is the lignin for separation and Extraction prepared by the cellulose fermentation in plant material in the residue of alcohol.
10. a kind of lignin/surfactant composite nanoparticle, it is characterised in that according to claim 1~9 described in any one
Preparation method obtain.
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| CN113651963A (en) * | 2021-07-16 | 2021-11-16 | 华南理工大学 | Hyperbranched lignin-based cationic starch multifunctional composite flocculant and preparation and application thereof |
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| CN109316461A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-02-12 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of lignin wall material microcapsules and preparation and in the application of pharmaceutical carrier based on the crosslinking of Pickering emulsion interface |
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| CN113651963A (en) * | 2021-07-16 | 2021-11-16 | 华南理工大学 | Hyperbranched lignin-based cationic starch multifunctional composite flocculant and preparation and application thereof |
| CN113651963B (en) * | 2021-07-16 | 2022-05-24 | 华南理工大学 | Hyperbranched lignin-based cationic starch multifunctional composite flocculant and preparation and application thereof |
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