CN108885472A - System for balancing HVAC system, method and apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of method and apparatus of the terminal using measuring unit for air flow balance Heating,Ventilating and Air Conditioning HVAC system, by that will be computer disposal portion that the scheduled target flow of each terminal inputs the measuring unit for air flow；The initial measurement air-flow Jing Guo each terminal is obtained by the air current measurer, the initial measurement air-flow is provided to the computer disposal portion；And the terminal in the HVAC system is adjusted to flow set point according to the instruction from the computer disposal portion, the computer disposal portion is programmed under currently given HVAC system load condition be that each terminal calculates flow set point, after all terminals are adjusted according to instruction, all terminals can be made to be set to target flow.

Description

System for balancing HVAC system, method and apparatus

Technical field

This disclosure relates to which air mass flow incudes.More specifically, this disclosure relates to a kind of in commercial building or similar knot System, the method and apparatus that diffuser terminal is balanced in Heating,Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system in structure.

Background technique

Occupationals designed for commercial building and the HVAC system of other structures, which are tried one's best, guarantees this A little systems provide consistent, reliable comfort level for the occupancy people of these structures.It is mono- that HVAC designer is carefully designed HVAC The size of member guarantees the transmission of air after proper amount of adjusting.In addition, they devise pipe-line system will adjust after air with Suitable volumetric rate is distributed to other regions in multiple rooms and the structure.Further, designers' selection is for being discharged The interval of the diffuser or registration terminal (hereinafter collectively referred to as " terminal ") of air-flow and configuration, after by that will adjust in a manner of scheduled Air distributes and is dispersed to room/region, to provide desired comfort level to occupy people.

It is indispensable for the design, the set rate range that needs to specify with designer or in the speed range Volume flow rate and air after adjusting is dispersed out from each terminal.Deviateing flow rate specified by designers will lead to room Or areas case or comfort level deviate target, this can increase unnecessary energy consumption.

After using new commercial HVAC systems, which is balanced to guarantee that air is referred to after adjusting with designer Fixed set rate range or the volume flow rate in the speed range are sent out from each terminal.Balance can also be required to make It is required when being reconstructed for the maintenance of daily HVAC system with or when architectural plan in building.

Leverage commercial HVAC system is not trifling trifle thing, it is required that the maintenance of qualified HVAC technician.Commercially HVAC duct may be extremely complex and may have many main lines, branch line or region, each of wherein have multiple terminals or Node.Not only there is each terminal the damper of its own to adjust air-flow by specific node, also have damper use in pipeline Multiple main lines, branch line and the air-flow in region in control whereabouts system.Once someone considers through any in HVAC system Terminal will necessarily generate the variation of back pressure to be adjusted, and the variation of the back pressure will affect the every other terminal in system, So balancing tasks complexity as one can imagine.

The terminal for being mounted on ceiling of commercial HVAC systems is selected in the configuration of limited quantity by system designers It selects, to be spread and be directed in building space by air after adjusting by preassigned pattern.When there are multiple and different terminals to match When the selection set, most Terminal Designs are all located at or multiply 24 inches of footprints based on about 24 inches of standard, with business furred ceiling Tile is identical.

Energy efficiency is one of the most important criterion in HVAC system design process.HVAC system aims to pass through and is Each terminal transmits air after adjusting to provide the specified target flow rate of suitable comfort level enough in system.Any limit in system System inhibits the structure of air-flow that can all bring loss, and this loss must be taken into account.In HVAC system, damper and Terminal is the source significantly lost.Since terminal has fixed configuration and structure, they introduce constant loss, this point It can not be overcome.However, damper can be conditioned to introduce multiple losses in each terminal control air-flow, although significant, But it can be minimized by suitable system balancing.

The loss introduced by damper increases as damper is closed, and thus more air-flows is brought to limit.Cause This, it is generally desirable to balance HVAC system not only to realize the specified flow rate of each terminal, and when damper is opened as far as possible Accomplish in this way, to make loss reduction.

National Environmental balance the committee (NEBB) be an International Certification association, certification individual and company come appoint, test, It adjusts and balances HVAC system.In addition to certification, NEBB also provides equipment technology parameter and process standard.In equipment side, NEBB hair The Equipment Part of cloth is known as directly reading cover, for measuring the throughput for the terminal installed by ceiling.In the present specification, it adopts Most common form is described with more general term " air bell " directly reads shield apparatus.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that , " the directly reading cover " and " air bell " used in this specification is substantially that can be interchanged, that is, gas described herein The feature of stream cover is to directly read cover in NEBB technical parameter scope.

Air bell is the instrument used by HVAC technician, the terminal that the ceiling to measure through commercial HVAC systems is installed The throughput of discharge.Air bell is designed to keeping at the terminal.The cover is collected simultaneously as the air that terminal is discharged The pipeline redirected.Air bell has the configuration of convergence-divergent nozzle, and nozzle has throat, and air passes through the larynx after adjusting Portion is directed, to measure its volume flow rate.Velocity pressure passes through apparatus measures, such as the averaging pitot pressure in throat Power meter, for calculating flow in a known way.

HVAC technician balances this by being referred to as the method for proportional balancing method in this field using the flow after these measurements System.The basic norm of proportional balancing method is that the throughput of each terminal can be relative in system in system once being arranged Other terminals are always maintained at same ratio or ratio.Although the total amount of system changes, terminal can mutually be maintained at identical stream Measure percentage.Although conventional proportional balance estimates that terminal is adjusted dependent on the experience of technician, to realize ratio based on science Balance.

For proportionally balance system, initial flow is measured in each terminal.Design discharge is calculated for each terminal Percentage, the flow specially measured is divided by design discharge.The minimum terminal of design discharge percentage is used as crucial terminal, It is completely open always.Terminal is usually to be balanced according to the ascending order of design discharge percentage.However, pass through through It tests, technician can out of order be balanced terminal.

It is characterized by setting second terminal, so that the design stream of the design discharge percentage of the terminal and crucial terminal Amount percentage is in correct ratio.Once their percentage is in correct proportions, they remain in correct ratio.Though So these may be fluctuated by the terminal of proportional balancing method with the balance of other terminals, and proportionality percentage can keep phase Together.In order to complete the target, initial setting up is carried out to second terminal based on the knowledge and experience of technician.In other words, this is technician Aspect speculates according to reason.It is re-measured in the air-flow of second terminal and crucial terminal, to determine that its design discharge percentage is It is no to be located within setting tolerance.A little they are located at the tolerance, and technician goes to next terminal.

The process repeats terminal each in system.Technician estimates to make the adjustment of each terminal using its knowledge It is equal with crucial terminal and terminals equilibrated before other to obtain its design discharge percentage.Skill is estimated due to dependence technician Can, it adjusts, re-measure and repeats to be common multiple.In addition, also using knowledge as technician executes these balancing tasks Estimate to adjust with experience, so that the design discharge percentage and other all terminals of the terminal can be brought when adjusting last terminal It is not only equal, and be better closer to 100%.Once completing, technician adjusts fan speed, if it is desired, reaches eventually Hold the 100% of design discharge.

Therefore it will be understood by those skilled in the art that conventional proportional balance method be it is inaccurate, time-consuming, And it is prone to error and needs to readjust.The estimation of system, method and apparatus of the invention to this conjecture work It is by the use of mass flow theory being systematically and scientifically that each terminal determines set-point, so that each terminal is arranged on System balancing is realized once the last one terminal in system is set in the position in one position.

Summary of the invention

According to one aspect, a method of using the terminal of measuring unit for air flow balance Heating,Ventilating and Air Conditioning HVAC system, including： The computer disposal portion of the measuring unit for air flow will be inputted for the scheduled target flow of each terminal.This method further includes：It is logical Initial measurement air-flow of the air current measurer acquisition Jing Guo each terminal is crossed, the initial measurement air-flow is provided to described Computer disposal portion.This method further comprises：It will be in the HVAC system according to the instruction from the computer disposal portion Terminal adjust to flow set point, the computer disposal portion is programmed under currently given HVAC system load condition Calculating flow set point for each terminal can make all terminals be set to mesh after all terminals are adjusted according to instruction Mark flow.

According to another aspect, individually or with any of the above-described aspect in combination, adjusting the terminal includes：By gas flow measurement It is positioned at terminal to be adjusted as indicated by the computer disposal portion.The computer disposal portion is programmed to determine institute State the sequence that the terminal of HVAC system is adjusted.This method further includes：It is obtained from the computer disposal portion described to be adjusted The flow set point of terminal；And the terminal to be adjusted is adjusted to the flow set point.

According to another aspect, individually or with any of the above-described aspect in combination, the computer disposal portion is programmed to really Settled preceding HVAC system load condition, for using the flow set point of terminal to be adjusted as the initial survey of the terminal The function of flow and the goal-selling flow is measured to be determined.

According to another aspect, individually or with any of the above-described aspect in combination, the computer disposal portion is programmed to really Settled preceding HVAC system load condition, for further using the flow set point of terminal to be adjusted as due to the HVAC The function of the adjustment bring air-flow of other terminals of system is determined.

According to another aspect, individually or with any of the above-described aspect in combination, the computer disposal portion is programmed to count Calculate the adjustment bring air-flow due to other terminals to the HVAC system.

According to another aspect, individually or with any of the above-described aspect in combination, the computer disposal portion is programmed to count Calculate using due to the adjustment bring air-flow of other terminals to the HVAC system as be not terminal to be adjusted other The function for the air-flow that terminal measurement obtains is calculated.

According to another aspect, individually or with any of the above-described aspect in combination, after adjusting the terminal to be adjusted, institute Computer disposal portion is stated to be programmed to indicate the measurement gas that user is obtained using the measuring unit for air flow by different terminals Stream, the computer disposal portion are further programmed to calculate the predicted flow rate by the different terminals, and will be by described The measuring flow of different terminals relatively determines error compared with through the predicted flow rate of the different terminals.In response to the error More than predetermined threshold, the computer disposal portion is further programmed to recalculate the flow set of the terminal to be adjusted It puts and indicates that the terminal to be adjusted is readjusted to the flow set point recalculated by the user.

According to another aspect, individually or with any of the above-described aspect in combination, in order to determine the terminal to be adjusted The flow set point recalculated, the computer disposal portion be programmed to using modified bulk flow as setting it is described to The adjustment predetermined bulk flow of terminal and the function of the error are calculated.The computer disposal portion is also programmed to The flow ratio of each terminal is determined as the estimated flow of each terminal and before the terminal to be adjusted is arranged The function of the bulk flow calculated.The computer disposal portion is also programmed to the amendment Jing Guo each terminal Estimated flow calculated as the function of the flow ratio and the modified bulk flow.The computer disposal Portion is further programmed to the flow set point that will be recalculated as the modified bulk flow and described modified estimated The function of flow determines.

According to another aspect, individually or with any of the above-described aspect in combination, after adjusting the terminal to be adjusted, institute It states computer disposal portion and is programmed to the mobile measuring unit for air flow of instruction user to the next terminal determined in sequence, institute Computer disposal portion is stated further to be programmed to：Calculate the prediction air-flow Jing Guo next terminal；Under measurement process is described The air-flow of one terminal；By the prediction air-flow Jing Guo next terminal and the measurement air-flow phase Jing Guo next terminal Compare to determine error；It is calculated according to the flow set point of next terminal as the function of the error；With And the instruction user adjusts next terminal to the flow set point recalculated.

According to another aspect, individually or with any of the above-described aspect in combination, in order to calculate the stream of next terminal Set-point is measured, the computer disposal portion is programmed to using modified bulk flow as before the terminal to be adjusted is arranged The function of determining bulk flow and the error is calculated.The computer disposal portion is also programmed to each terminal Flow ratio as each terminal estimated flow and the predetermined totality of terminal to be adjusted is being set The function of flow is calculated.The computer disposal portion is also programmed to will be by the modified estimated flow of each terminal It is calculated as the function of the flow ratio and the modified bulk flow.The computer disposal portion further by It programs using the function by the flow set point recalculated as the modified bulk flow and the modified estimated flow To be determined.

According to another aspect, individually or with any of the above-described aspect in combination, the terminal is adjusted to the flow set It puts and includes：Flow of the adjustment Jing Guo the terminal when being monitored the flow Jing Guo the terminal using measuring unit for air flow, is come true It is fixed when to have reached the flow set point.

According to another aspect, individually or with any of the above-described aspect in combination, it is any initial to be included in measurement for the instruction Before flow, indicate that the user will be set as fully opening for all dampers of all terminals in the HVAC system State.

According to another aspect, individually or with any of the above-described aspect in combination, the computer disposal portion is programmed to really Determine the crucial terminal in the HVAC system, the instruction includes that instruction user will be described crucial whole during entire equilibrium process End, which is retained in, to be fully opened.

According to another aspect, individually or with any of the above-described aspect in combination, the computer disposal portion is programmed to：It will The end error of each terminal in the HVAC system is as the respective target flow of each terminal and initial measurement flow The function of ratio is determined；And determine have the terminal of minimum terminal error as crucial terminal.

According to another aspect, individually or with any of the above-described aspect in combination, the computer disposal portion is programmed to really The terminal is determined to be adjusted according to the ascending order of the amount of the end error.

According to another aspect, individually or with any of the above-described aspect in combination, the computer disposal portion be programmed in the hope of Solve set-point Q_isAnd Q_Ns, it is calculated as：

Wherein Q_TOverall system flow is represented,

Q_bAnd Q₁The initial flow of GC group connector i+1≤b≤N and terminal 1, andWithRespectively represent end End 1,1≤a≤i-1,1≤c≤N-1 and i.

According to another aspect, individually or with any of the above-described aspect in combination, the computer disposal portion be programmed in the hope of Solution：Since terminal i, terminal 1, in 2≤x≤i-1, i+1≤z≤N-1 and N is arrangedWithFor：

Wherein Q_TRepresent overall system flow；

Q_c,Q_w,Q_NAnd Q_zThe initial flow of GC group connector i+1≤c≤N, i+2≤w≤N, i+1≤z≤N-1 and N, and

WithRespectively represent terminal 1,2≤x≤i-1,2≤d≤i, i, 1≤v≤i and 1≤e The target flow of≤i-2.

According to another aspect, individually or with any of the above-described aspect in combination, in a kind of measurement Heating,Ventilating and Air Conditioning HVAC system Air-flow device, the structure in the air flow path including the terminal for being arranged to be placed in the HVAC system.The structure into One step is suitable for air-flow being directed through the structure from the terminal.Described device may also include by the instrument of the structural support Device, the instrument, which has, is positioned at the part in the air flow path, and the instrument is set as generating and by the structure The relevant signal of air-flow.Described device may also include the soft copy for being operably coupled to the instrument, be suitable for reception and gas It flows the relevant signal and converts the signal into mechanized data.The soft copy includes computer disposal portion, described Computer disposal portion is programmed to determine the measurement air-flow by the structure using the mechanized data.The meter Calculation machine processing unit is further programmed to calculate flow set point for terminal to be adjusted, and the flow set point is：? Under current system conditions, the flow system flow of balance can be brought when terminal every other in system has reached balance passes through institute State the air-flow of terminal to be adjusted.

According to another aspect, individually or with any of the above-described aspect in combination, the computer disposal portion be programmed to by The flow set point is carried out as the measurement air-flow of all terminals in the HVAC system and the function of predeterminated target air-flow It calculates.

According to another aspect, individually or with any of the above-described aspect in combination, the soft copy includes for receiving user Input data and the user interface for being used for display system data, the user interface are operably coupled to the computer disposal Portion to receive the user input data from the user interface, and sends data to the user interface for showing.

According to another aspect, individually or with any of the above-described aspect in combination, the soft copy is provided so that described User can input the data about system to the computer disposal portion by the user interface, and at the computer Reason portion can provide a user instruction by the user interface.

According to another aspect, individually or with any of the above-described aspect in combination, the computer disposal portion is further compiled Journey is to calculate the function for passing through estimated flow as the measuring flow Jing Guo each terminal of each terminal.The calculating Machine processing unit is also programmed to determine different from the estimated flow of the terminal of terminal to be adjusted and by the different terminals The second measuring flow between difference whether be more than predetermined threshold.It is more than the predetermined threshold in response to the difference, it is described Computer can further be programmed to determine the flow set point of the terminal to be adjusted recalculated.

According to another aspect, individually or with any of the above-described aspect in combination, the computer disposal portion is further compiled Journey is to prompt the user to adjust the terminal to be adjusted to the flow set point；And it monitors by described to be adjusted The air-flow of terminal determines when to have reached the flow set point.

According to another aspect, individually or with any of the above-described aspect in combination, in a kind of measurement Heating,Ventilating and Air Conditioning HVAC system Air-flow device, including：Air bell, for measuring the air-flow of the terminal from the HVAC system；And soft copy, it is used for It communicates with the air bell with receiving air-flow measured value.The soft copy includes computer disposal portion, the computer disposal portion It is operably coupled to user interface portion.The computer disposal portion is programmed to requry the users data, provides a user finger Show, and receive the data issued by user via the user interface, the computer disposal portion is programmed to：It requries the users And receive relevant to HVAC system data from user, the information include the terminal in the HVAC system quantity with The preset expected gas flow rate of each terminal.The computer disposal portion is also programmed to instruction user and is obtained by the air bell The initial measurement air-flow of each terminal in the HVAC system；And the instruction user adjusts the end in the HVAC system The gas flow rate at end is to the set-point calculated, to balance the HVAC system.

According to another aspect, individually or with any of the above-described aspect in combination, in order to indicate the user be the new system The terminal of each needs adjustment in system adjusts the gas flow rate, and the computer disposal portion is programmed to instruction user：By institute It states terminal to be adjusted to adjust to set-point calculated, be measured using the air bell by being not the end to be adjusted The air-flow of the terminal at end, so that it is determined that influence of the adjustment terminal to be adjusted for the HVAC system.The computer Processing unit is also programmed to readjust described to be adjusted in response to determining that the influence to the HVAC system is more than preset value Terminal is to the set-point recalculated.

According to another aspect, individually or with any of the above-described aspect in combination, the computer disposal portion be programmed to by The flow set point is calculated as the measurement air-flow of all terminals in the HVAC system and the function of predeterminated target air-flow.

According to another aspect, individually or with any of the above-described aspect in combination, for the flow recalculated described in determination Set-point, the computer disposal portion is programmed to calculate predicted flow rate for each terminal, for the different terminals Determine the error between estimated flow and double measurement flow.The computer disposal portion is also programmed to modified total flow It is calculated as the function of the error and the total flow for thering is the initial measurement air-flow to determine.The computer disposal portion It is also programmed to using the flow ratio of each terminal as the estimated flow of each terminal and the end to be adjusted is being set The function of the predetermined bulk flow is held to be calculated.The computer disposal portion is also programmed to will be by each The modified estimated flow of terminal is calculated as the function of the flow ratio and the modified bulk flow, and The flow set point recalculated is determined as the function of the modified bulk flow and the modified estimated flow.

Detailed description of the invention

The present invention is illustrated by way of example and is not limited to the description in attached drawing, identical appended drawing reference in attached drawing Similar component is referred to, wherein：

Fig. 1 is the front view of air bell, can be implemented in the system according to the present invention for measuring air-flow.

Fig. 2 is air bell in Fig. 1 along the sectional view of line 2-2.

Fig. 3 is to show the air bell of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 to be used to measurement and pass through the view of the throughput of the terminal of HVAC system Figure.

Fig. 4 is the perspective view of another air bell, can be implemented in the system according to the present invention for measuring air-flow.

Fig. 5 is to show the air bell of Fig. 4 to be used to measure the view of the throughput by the terminal of HVAC system.

Fig. 6 A-6J shows the example of HVAC terminal, can be surveyed by the system of Fig. 1-5 by the throughput of these HVAC terminals Amount.

Fig. 7 A-7C is the schematic diagram for showing the specified pressure and flow behavior of example HVAC system.

Fig. 8 A-8C is schematic diagram the step of showing for being balanced to the example HVAC system.

Fig. 9 is the chart for showing the fan curve of the example HVAC system.

Figure 10 A-10B is the schematic diagram for showing the specified pressure and flow behavior of the example HVAC system.

Specific embodiment

The present invention relates to the system and method for determining air mass flow in HVAC system.More specifically, the present invention relates to And the method for being balanced to HVAC system, so that being joined by the air-flow of each terminal in the system by designing technique Air after the specified flow rate discharge of number is adjusted.This method can be implemented in multiple air flow measuring system.

The system that can implement air balance system and method for the invention is as depicted in figs. 1 and 2.Figures 1 and 2 show that For measuring the exemplary configuration for passing through the system 10 of the air-flow of terminal of HVAC system.System 10 includes air current measurer 20, Its form is the air bell for measuring air-flow.The air bell 20 of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 is conventional design, is usually used in measurement and passes through building Air after adjusting is emitted into the space to be regulated of building by the air-flow of the terminal of HVAC system, these terminals.Air bell 20 The terminal that the most frequently used usage is to aid in suspended ceiling installation of the HVAC technician to HVAC system carries out " balance ", so that after adjusting Air is distributed according to the technical parameter that HVAC engineer or architect provide into building.For the terminal in these systems Balance requires the precise measurement to the air-flow of each terminal.System and method of the invention are mentioned by providing back pressure compensation measurement The accuracy of these high measurements.

Since the collection of air bell 20 neutralizes dedicated purpose, can be used for cooperating with standard HVAC, measurement passes through standard HVAC Air-flow.Air bell 20 includes that acquisition covers 22, for capturing the air for passing through standard HVAC terminal and being discharged, has 24 " * 24 " Footprint.Acquisition cover 22 has the trapezoidal profile for substantially having square-section, and is designed to the open end 24 of acquisition cover with foot Match with standard 24*24 terminal that merge be more than (fit over) in a manner of all or substantially all air of acquisition terminal discharge Standard 24*24 terminal.

Acquisition cover 22 is in tapering taper from open end 24 to instrument side 16, wherein acquisition cover is contacted with Instrument shell 30 and phase It connects.Instrument shell 30 includes trapezoidal lower, defines the outlet 32 of air bell 20.Air bell 20 thus has convergence-expansion Dissipate the citation form of nozzle.It can be thus determined based on perfect computational fluid dynamics principle by the air-flow of cover 20, wherein considering The relationship between totality and static pressure measurement has been arrived, thus calculating speed pressure and flow velocity, and thereby calculate flow rate.

Instrument shell 30 includes the handle 34 for being used to support and manipulating air bell 20 to terminal location.The encirclement of shell 30 is used for The instrument 36 that measurement passes through the air-flow of air bell 20.Shell 30 also surrounds the soft copy 38 of air bell 20, and soft copy 38 can operate Ground is connected to instrument 36 and inquires and receive the information from instrument.Soft copy 38 includes user interface 40, and user interface 40 can Including such as features such as input equipment, output equipment, for operating air bell 20, wherein input equipment can be such as knob, press Key, switch, touch screen etc., output equipment can be for such as visual meter, display screen, LED readers.

Computer disposal portion 42 executes process described herein, may include programmable processor, such as computer or special It is programmed with integrated circuit (ASIC) and computer-readable memory, computer based on computer-readable memory, and Data can be stored by computer-readable memory, be accessed for processor.Computer-readable memory may include Nonvolatile memory, such as semiconductor memory devices (such as EPROM, EEPROM and flash memory device), disk (such as built-in hard disk Or moveable magnetic disc；Magneto-optic disk；CD ROM and DVD-ROM disk).Computer disposal portion 42 may include for connecting with 36 interface of instrument The special circuit connect, or can be connect with special circuit interface.It computer disposal portion 42 can be with any other part of soft copy 38 It is integrated, such as user interface 40, or can exist separately as isolated component, and connected in other electronic component interfaces.

In a particular embodiment, soft copy 38 may include wireless communication module, such as bluetooth, single mode wireless communications Module, or the wi-fi network equipment for being wirelessly transmitted the measurement data obtained from instrument 36.In this case, Yong Hujie Face 40 and computer disposal portion 42 may include smart machine, such as smart phone, tablet computer or other electronics properly equipped Equipment.In the present embodiment, smart machine may include HVAC balance app, execute equilibrium process described herein.

Referring to fig. 2, in the exemplary embodiment, instrument 36 includes 50 array of Pitot tube, for measuring in air bell 20 Velocity pressure.As is known in the art, Pitot tube 50 all has hole toward and away from airflow direction in cover 20, as shown in figure 1 Indicated by arrow mark A.Difference between the whole measured by Pitot tube 50 and static pressure can be used for calculating in a known way Pass through the air-flow of cover 20.

Air bell 20 indicates that the device for measuring air-flow can be implemented in system 10.It is flat herein disclosed for system The system and method for weighing apparatus limited to this or other specific configurations not in any meaning.It is described herein to be for system balancing System and method are suitable for the air bell or other equipment of any air-flow that can measure the terminal by HVAC system.

For example, with reference to Fig. 4, system 10 includes device 60, and form is the air bell for measuring air-flow.For example, Fig. 4 institute The air bell shown can be similar or equivalent to application No. is in 26 days 2 months 62/121,222, the 2015 year U.S. Provisional Applications submitted Described such, entire contents are hereby incorporated by by reference.

As shown in figure 4, system 10 includes air bell 60, for measuring the air-flow for passing through the terminal in HVAC system.Air-flow Cover 60 has the structure of substantially box, and size and ratio, which are arranged to match with standard 24*24 terminal, merges the 24*24 that is above standard Terminal.In the present embodiment, air bell 60 is divided into four branches 70, and air-flow is directed by four branches 70.In each four branch In 70, equipped with for measuring the instrument for passing through the air-flow of specific four branch.The instrument can be with, for example, for hot spot current meter or The form of skin support static state pipe array.It is calculated by the bulk flow of air bell 60 by the summation of the flow by four branches 70.

Air bell 60 is supported on bar 62, is promoted user and is manipulated air bell 60 to just cooperate with terminal, to make The all or substantially all air for obtaining terminal discharge are directed through cover 60.Bar 62 may include handle 64, for manipulation and Using realizing comfortable and ergonomics sense organ effect when air bell 60.Bar 60 can have retracted configuration structure, with lock Determine ring 66, rod lock can be promoted in desired length.As air bell 60 is placed in terminal, air is directed to be divided by cover four Portion 70, user can for example pass through 72 activation system 10 of key or trigger on handle 64.

Trigger 72 activates air bell 60 and soft copy by wireless communication, such as is wirelessly connected by bluetooth or single mode It is logical to be activated.Instrument and soft copy are at least partly ensconced in air bell 60, and thus as indicated by the arrow 75 in Fig. 4 Like that.Instrument and soft copy 75, which obtain, is wirelessly transmitted to the computer of air bell 60 (as by bluetooth or wi-fi) Processing unit (can be movably mounted to the form of the smart machine 74 of bar 62, such as smart phone, tablet computer or other conjunctions The electronic equipment of suitable equipment) gas flow measurement data.

Equipped with (HVAC app) is applied, which is suitable for using the instrument and electronics from air bell 60 smart machine 74 The measurement data that part 75 receives be calculated or determined HVAC terminal discharge air volume flow rate.By loading in smart machine HVAC app on 74, method described herein, which can be carried out, balances HVAC system so that terminal setting is calculated or determined System, wherein HVAC app wirelessly on air bell 60 instrument and soft copy 75 communicate.

Regardless of whether Gas flow measurement systems 10 use Fig. 1 and air bell shown in Fig. 2 20, for the air bell 60 of Fig. 4, or Air bell with the configuration for being different from air bell described in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 4 obtains the basic phase of process of gas flow measurement value Together.

It is explained using the gas flow measurement step of the system 10 of Fig. 1 and air bell shown in Fig. 2 20 by the example in Fig. 3 It states.Referring to Fig. 3, HVAC system 100 includes pipeline 102, and air distributes and passes through terminal after pipeline 102 adjusts HVAC 104 into space or region 110, such as in the room of building.In the description of Fig. 3, there are four terminal 104, four ends for tool Air after adjusting is transferred in region 110 by end 104.Each terminal 104 can have for by change damper the angle of attack come Adjust the association damper 112 of air-flow.Other dampers 114 can be used for controlling the air-flow in pipeline 102.With any given area The quantity of associated terminal 104 certainly can be greater or lesser.

In order to obtain the gas flow measurement value of terminal 104, air bell 20 is placed in terminal, and instrument 36 and soft copy 38 (referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) it is activated by user interface 40.Once obtaining the reading of terminal 104, air bell 20 is moved into next A terminal (being illustrated in the dotted line at 20'), wherein the cover is activated in the same manner and is read in the same manner.For All terminals 104 in region 110 repeat the step.

It is similar to the measuring process of the system 10 using Fig. 4 air bell 60, and be illustrated by the example in Fig. 5.Ginseng See Fig. 5, HVAC system 100 includes pipeline 102, and air distributes and passes through terminal 104 to sky after pipeline 102 adjusts HVAC Between or region 110 in, such as in the room of building.In the description of Fig. 5, there are four terminals 104 for tool, and four terminals 104 will Air is transferred in region 110 after adjusting.Each terminal 104 can have the association damper 112 for adjusting air-flow.Other resistances Buddhist nun's device 114 can be used for controlling the air-flow in pipeline 102.The quantity of terminal 104 associated with any given area certainly can be more It is big or smaller.

In order to obtain the gas flow measurement value of terminal 104, air bell 60 is placed in terminal, and instrument and soft copy pass through touching Hair device 72 is activated, to be read and data is made to be transmitted to smart machine 74 (referring to fig. 4), wherein HVAC app be can be used The data are calculated.Once obtaining the reading of terminal 104, air bell 60 is moved into next terminal and (is illustrated at 60' Dotted line), wherein the cover is activated in the same manner and is read in the same manner.For all terminals in region 110 104 repeat the step.

Traditional commerce HVAC ceiling installing terminal can have various configurations.The example of these terminals configuration is in Fig. 6 A-6J In show, the Basic Design of these terminals is shown and show air-flow discharge direction (substantially by arrow meaning Show).The case summary of these terminals configuration is in such as following table：

Figure	Terminal configuration
		6A	3- taper, rectangular, 4- is to terminal (104a)
6B	2- taper, rectangular, 4- is to terminal (104b)
		6C	5- taper, rectangular, 4- is to terminal (104c)
6D	3- is to rectangular terminal (104d)
		6E	3- is to rectangle terminal (104e)
6F	2- is to rectangular terminal (104f)
		6G	T-Bar, rectangular, plate terminal (104g)
6H	2- is to terminal (104h)
		6I	1- is to terminal (104i)
6J	4- is to modular terminal (104j)

The configuration of each terminal will be redirected or be interfered by the air-flow of its structure, and thus HVAC system is introduced it is special Quantitative gas-flow resistance or back pressure.In addition, air bell to be placed to the air-flow that also will affect at the terminal through terminal, due to cover sheet The resistance of specific quantity can be introduced into HVAC system by body.It can be seen that, it should be understood that the resistance introduced by the presence of air bell Amount can change according to the configuration for the terminal for being placed with cover.The various combination of terminal and different air bells configure bring amount of resistance There can be large change.However, since to introduce a certain amount of resistance immutable for terminal configuration, only variable source resistance be by What air bell introduced.

Predict balance method

According to the present invention, air bell measuring system 10 implements the method or calculation for the balanced termination in HVAC system Method.For the air bell 20 of Fig. 1 to Fig. 3, predict that balance method can be implemented in the computer disposal portion 42 of soft copy 38.For The air bell 60 of Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, prediction balance method can be implemented in the HVAC app that smart machine 74 executes.

According to prediction balance method, each terminal of HVAC system or part/branch line of system, be sequentially arranged or Adjustment, so that becoming to balance by the flow of each terminal when being adjusted by the flow of the last one terminal.To every The setting of a terminal is so that system reaches complete balance when the last one terminal is arranged gradually close to balance.Herein In, when being described to " setting " or " adjustment " terminal, it is meant that：It monitors when by air bell 20,60 from terminal discharge When air-flow, it is adjusted for controlling by the damper of the air-flow of terminal.

The prediction balance method implemented by Gas flow measurement systems 10 is each using being determined based on the calculating of mass flow theory The flow set point of terminal, to realize system balancing when the last one terminal in setting system.In fact, in each terminal After measuring flow, this method include determined for each terminal initial flow error ratio and systematically, from terminal-to-terminal service sequence Ground corrects these errors, until system reaches balance as a whole.According to desired precision level, this method can be included in following Consider：It adjusts each terminal and the influence to whole system flow, and school is carried out to terminal adjustment based on these influences determined Just or compensate.

The prediction balance method implemented by system 10 is that each terminal calculates flow set point so that once it is all its After his terminal has carried out similar adjustment, the specific objective of the terminal is realized to the flow rate of terminal adjustment under current system conditions Throughput.In the specific objective air-flow for being known as each Terminal Design, pass through the gas of each terminal under the current state of system When overall system air-flow under stream and current state, prediction balance method is based on terminal (if adjustment correct) for system The issuable influence of current state and calculate adjustment to each terminal.Once terminal is adjusted, obtained system condition can It is estimated or determines, whether mathematically or by one or more subsequent measurements, and these obtained system conditions can For for terminal calculating and setting point next in sequence.

Singly adjust terminal in a predefined order, HVAC system systematically and will be gradually reaching balance.For The adjustment of each terminal reduces the error for every other terminal and so that all terminals are gradually close to design skill Art parameter.Adjustment for the last one damper in sequence is so that all errors are close or equal to zero, and all terminal quilts It adjusts to technical parameter.Certainly, may have some tolerances to error herein, but these values can be it is low-down, be, for example, less than 10%, 5%, 2%, 1% or even lower less than 0.5%, this depends on the balanced mode of such as selection.

Predict equation of equilibrium

For the calculating that Gas flow measurement systems 10 carry out when implementing to predict balance method, Fig. 7 A signal is explained in more detail Property show the representative of the simple branch line of HVAC system 100, wherein fan 102 provides tune to four terminals 104 by pipeline 106 Air after section, is denoted as D1-D4.Dotted line 108 in Fig. 7 A represents the ceiling for helping definition space 110, and air is from end after adjusting End 104 is discharged into space 110.Method described herein does not consider the number of the quantity and/or terminal of branch line in HVAC system It is also effective when amount.In Fig. 7 A, Q1-Q4 represents the flow of respective terminal D 1-D4.P₀Represent the sky being discharged from fan 102 The static pressure and P of gas_∞The pressure in space 110 (such as room) is represented, air is expelled in space 110 from terminal 104.

Prediction balance method of the invention is run in these principles, in order to understand these principles, understands what this method was implemented The derivative of formula and development are highly.In these formula, the k factor represents the single terminal for reaching HVAC system 100 Whole load of 104 flow path.For the initial k factor of each terminal D 1-D4, k_i, calculate as follows：

Wherein Δ P is the static pressure (P of fan₀) and room static pressure (P_∞) between pressure drop.The final k factor, that is, adjust The k factor after whole terminal calculates as follows：

Wherein i GC group connector quantity, and key defines the terminal that damper can stay open.Therefore, in four diffuser of example In HVAC system,

Wherein final pressure drop Δ P_fFollow following relationship：

Referring to Fig. 7 A, pneumatic analogy is used for circuit, terminal 104 can be considered as the resistance of fluid and thus using electricity Symbol resistance illustrates." resistance value " of terminal 104 is thus with such as diffuser configuration (referring to Fig. 6 A-6J) and and terminal The factors such as the position of associated damper and change.HVAC system 100 is considered in this way, and Fig. 7 B and 7C are shown The original state (Fig. 7 B) of balance and in end-state (Fig. 7 C) of balance system flow Q_iWith k factor k_i.It is attached referring to these Figure, it should be understood that (1) in equilibrium process as each damper be adjusted/close, change in pressure drop, and (2) for close The k factor (being k1 in this example) of key terminal will not change, because its damper is not adjusted, and is to maintain and fully opens.

It will be apparent to a skilled person that electricity and fluid circuit are simulation systems.It is crossed in parallel circuit The voltage drop of resistance can calculate as follows：

Application circuit/fluid stream analogy：

Due to Q_T=Q₁+Q₂+Q₃+Q₄, then

Above-mentioned formula is the schematically illustrate of calculating, can be performed with the terminal D 2 in four terminal systems for Fig. 7 A-7C Determine flow.However, it should be understood that these formula can be modified and/or be rearranged, for shown example HVAC system No matter 100 any terminal determines flow with the terminal in any HVAC system including how many terminal.With N number of end Q is solved in the HVAC system at end for systematic generalization formula 1 and 2_i：

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the formula of four diffuser system of all about example disclosed herein can root Upper type is concluded accordingly.It should be noted that formula 1 and 4 is based only upon flow rate since pressure is cancelled.

The prediction balance method of these above-mentioned formula through the invention is implemented, and is executed by Gas flow measurement systems 10, to calculate With the flow and flow set point due to the variation of k- factor caused by adjustment of each terminal to damper.For with 2≤i≤N-1 any terminal that is adjusted in the HVAC system of N number of terminal concludes formula 3 to solve set-point Q_isAnd Q_Ns, Formula 3 is revised as：

And

Wherein Q_TRepresent overall system flow, k_bThe initial k factor of GC group connector i+1≤b≤NAndRespectively The final k factor of 1≤a of GC group connector≤i-1,1≤c≤N-1, i.

Formula 5 and 6 can be converted so that all k constants are only in accordance with flow (Q)：

And

Wherein Q_TRepresent overall system flow, Q_bAnd Q₁GC group connector i+1≤b≤N initial flow, and WithRespectively represent terminal 1,1≤a≤i-1,1≤c≤N-1 and i.

Further, since terminal i is arranged, these equations terminals 1,2≤x≤i-1, i+1≤z≤N-1 and N's is pre- Count flowWith

Terminal 1：

Terminal x, wherein 2≤x≤i-1：

Terminal z, wherein i+1≤z≤N-1：

Terminal N：

Wherein Q_TRepresent overall system flow and k_c,k_z,k_w,k_NAnd k_zGC group connector i+1≤c≤N, i+1≤z≤N-1, i+2 ≤ z≤N, N and the initial k factor of i+1≤z≤N-1.In addition,WithRespectively represent terminal 1,2 The final k factor of≤x≤i-1,2≤d≤i, i, 1≤v≤i and 1≤e≤i-2.

Formula 9,10,11 and 12 can be converted so that all k constants are only in accordance with flow (Q).And eventually due to setting Hold i, terminal 1, in 2≤x≤i-1, i+1≤z≤N-1 and NWithFor：

Terminal 1：

Terminal x, wherein 2≤x≤i-1：

Terminal z, wherein i+1≤z≤N-1：

Terminal N：

Wherein Q_TRepresent overall system flow and Q_c,Q_w,Q_NAnd Q_zGC group connector i+1≤c≤N, i+2≤w≤N, N and i+1 The initial flow of≤z≤N-1..In addition,WithRespectively represent 1,2≤x of terminal≤i-1,2 ≤ d≤i, i, 1≤v≤i and 1≤e≤i-2 target flow.

Predict equilibrium process

After seeing above-mentioned formula, it should be understood that for determined using the k factor flow each formula (formula 1,3,5, 6,9,10,11,12), there are corresponding formula (formula 2,4,7,8,13,14,15,16), and identical meter is executed using the flow of measurement It calculates.Therefore, according to the present invention, above-mentioned formula can be used for only to give the HVAC of the measurement flow rate of target flow rate and each diffuser The terminal of system determines flow set point.Implement in the Gas flow measurement systems 10 for implementing prediction equilibrium process formula 2,4,7,8, 13,14,15,16 allow to calculate flow set point for each terminal.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that on every other diffuser in the adjustment influence system of each diffuser Flow (I is not considered as that this is pair, the k only just changes when other dampers change).In order to obtain the most accurate flat of HVAC system Weighing apparatus, it is desirable that in view of the adjustment of each terminal adjusts bring k Effects of Factors to each subsequent terminal.It is real by Gas flow measurement systems 10 The prediction equilibrium process applied can compensate for these influences, as described below.However, for doing so, HVAC technician is executing balance behaviour As when need additional time and efforts.

The precision of HVAC balance may depend on Multiple factors.In some scenes, for example, being not necessarily to carry out accurately When comfort level controls, roughly balancing to ± the 5 to ± 10% of design discharge can be received.In other scenes, HVAC system The special characteristic of system being balanced can cause for the unnecessary compensation by terminal adjustment bring k Effects of Factors.For example, this It may be that terminal adjustment, which does not influence actually, is since the air blower in HVAC system and/or line size are excessive The load of system.

In view of this, according to the present invention, the prediction equilibrium process implemented by Gas flow measurement systems 10 may include multiple steps Or mode, there is different precision, which explains according to different precision adjusts bring k Effects of Factors by terminal.Herein Locate the exemplary embodiment illustrated, prediction equilibrium process may include three such steps or mode：Desirable balance mode, quickly Balanced mode and accurate balance mode.

Fig. 8 A-8C is high level flow chart, elaborates the process 120 implemented under different mode.Predict equilibrium process 120 Desirable balance mode is shown in fig. 8 a.The Fast-Balance mode of prediction equilibrium process 120 is shown in the fig. 8b.It predicts equilibrated The accurate balance mode of journey 120 is shown in Fig. 8 C.Regardless of which mode is process 120 run, which includes making process operation Necessary initial step.These initial steps 118 showing in Fig. 8 A-8C may include：

For 100 input specification parameter of HVAC system (such as terminal quantity, terminal type, the target flow rate of each terminal) to gas In flow measuring system 10；

All terminals of HVAC system 100 are placed in completely open state；And

The initial gas flow measurement amount of each terminal in HVAC system 100 is obtained using air current measurer 10.

Crucial terminal is identified for HVAC system 100.

Process 120 determines crucial terminal based on the initial gas flow measurement amount obtained during initial step 118." key " is whole The definition at end is the terminal with the smallest initial-target flow ratio.In entire equilibrium process, crucial terminal D 1 has been in It is complete to open, including when process is completed and HVAC system has balanced.It ensure that the system 100 after balance is in optimum efficiency Upper operation.Terminal D 2-D4 is according to mode quilt determined by the balanced mode (ideal, quickly or accurate) selected by HVAC technician Systematically and sequentially it is arranged." sequentially " mean terminal and be the sequence determined with process 120 one by one one by one It is adjusted.First terminal first in adjustment sequence, it is then next, and so on, until the institute in HVAC system There is terminal to be all set, then system reaches balance.Therefore, all balanced modes include setting or " SET " step, wherein terminal It is adjusted or " SET ".Depending on selected balanced mode, include the steps that there are also reading or " READ " step, Yi Jifu Position or " RESET ", will be described in detail below.

SET step includes that terminal is arranged in a manner of adjusting the flow set point calculated to system 10.In order to which terminal is arranged, Air bell 20,60 is placed in terminal, and damper associated with the terminal is adjusted until the flow of cover measurement is equal to Set-point.READ step includes being read after the adjustment that SET step is made by air bell 20,60 through another end in system The flow at end.The destination of READ step be measure the flow obtained by previous SET step and by the flow and previous record or The flow of the terminal calculated compares, so that it is determined that the terminal is arranged to 100 load of HVAC system with such adjustment It influences, i.e. the k factor of terminal.In RESET step, the terminal being adjusted is reset, that is, is readjusted to the flow recalculated Set-point.The set-point recalculated can be estimated based on the systematic influence that READ step measures or by calculating.

Predict equilibrium process-idealized model

The idealized model of prediction equilibrium process 120 for HVAC system 100 (referring to Fig. 7 A-7C) is shown in fig. 8 a. In ideal balanced mode, the flow set point of each terminal is determined based on above-mentioned formula.Idealized model for CONTEXT command or Allow quickly and have the terminal balance of the potential loss in certain precision.Idealized model is for branch line in HVAC system The k factor keeps relative constant and terminal since low discharge complexity characteristics are adjusted, such as can easily overcome foundation The fan or drum of minimum abrupt bend (bend)/conversion (transition) and oversized dimensions in the pipeline of any back pressure Blower.In idealized model, the set-point of each terminal is based only upon the flow of initial measurement and is arranged before terminal adjustment Flow and determine.

Initial step

Implement the desirable balance mode of prediction equilibrium process 120, system 10 indicates that user passes through the user of air bell 20,60 Interface 40 or smart machine 74 execute task.In ideal balanced mode, prediction equilibrium process 120 starts from initial step 118. During initial step 118, system 10 indicates terminal quantity in user input systems information, such as HVAC system 100 and every The target flow rate of a terminal.During initial step 118, system 10 can also prompt user to input additional information, such as Fig. 6 A-6J Shown in each terminal type or configuration.In order to guarantee that HVAC system 100 is efficiently balanced as far as possible, system 10 is also Instruction user confirms that all terminal D 1-D4 are adjusted to and fully opens.Further instruction user uses air bell 20,60 to system 10 To obtain initial flow reading from each terminal D 1-D4.In order to illustrate this example, these initial flows reading can be：

Q₁=311cfm, Q₂=691cfm, Q₃=630cfm, Q₄=626cfm

The total air flow that HVAC system 100 is discharged in space 110 can be by being quantified as follows：

Wherein i represents number and the N of each terminal as the total quantity (being 4 in this example) of terminal.Total flow Q_TIt can be used for really Constant current rate：

In order to balance HVAC system 100, target flow rate,Each terminal is needed.For HVAC system 100, Target flow is specified by the HVAC structure art/engineer for designing the system.For example, the target stream of system shown in Fig. 7 A-7C Amount, as user inputs in initial step 118, can be 450cfm for each diffuser 104, that is,：

General objective flow thus be：

The ratio of initial measurement flow and target flow can be determined：

Based on the information obtained during the initial step 118 of process 120, system 10 identifies that initial measurement flow is closest Crucial terminal is used as in the terminal of target flow, that is, the terminal with minimum flow and target flow ratio.In this example In, terminal D 1 has minimum flow and target flow ratio, and 0.61.Once crucial terminal is identified, system 10 is based on from height Remaining terminal is ranked up with target flow ratio to low initial measurement flow.This is not crucial, but can be helped The resolution ratio for maximizing damper adjustment in entire equilibrium process is helped, therefore can be considered being important to a certain extent.Most The terminal of height ratio needs maximum damper adjustment, therefore it is preferred that but be not necessary, first it is balanced, from And the potential impact for other dampers is weakened in next each equilibrium process.

Terminal D 2, D3 and D4 are respectively provided with initial-target flow ratio 1.53,1.40 and 1.39.Therefore, terminal D 2 will It is first terminal being adjusted.The ratio of terminal D 3 and D4 are essentially identical, therefore are adjusted in order to it, i.e. after elder generation D3 D4, and be not necessarily strictly also acceptable according to the sequence of their ratios.Although system 10 can indicate that user first adjusts D4 Then D3 is adjusted, but system can be set such that user can cross preset sequence and adjust with his/her desired sequence.

According to prediction balance method, each terminal is adjusted to reach and the system after other all terminals are adjusted Balance the flow of the terminal under the current state of corresponding system 100.Flow after each terminal is conditioned is pre- to implement The flow that the system 10 of balance method 120 is predicted is surveyed, the terminal can be made to reach its target flow,When every other terminal When having adjusted.According to this method, the balance meeting to the last one terminal (D4 in this example) is so that entire HVAC system 100 reaches To balance.

Fig. 8 A shows SET mode, has the idealized model feature of prediction equilibrium process 120.According to the fast of process 120 Fast mode, terminal D 2 is adjusted to the set-point according to formula calculating disclosed herein in SET step 122, and is surveyed based on initial Amount flow rate and the target flow rate flow that the adjustment bring of terminal D 2 flows through terminal D 3 in SET step 122 are then estimated/count Calculate and be used for the set-point of computing terminal D3.Terminal D 3 is adjusted to the set-point in SET step 130.

This system model of SET step is in this way in HVAC system 100 in the desirable balance mode of process 120 Each terminal relay it is continuous carry out, not in the size and system of guard system terminal quantity, to the last a terminal is adjusted. In the HVAC system 100 shown, terminal D 4 is the terminal of the last one setting.At this point, system 100 reaches balance, and And the step can continue to 142, wherein fan speed is adjusted to so that the flow balanced reaches target.

SET terminal 2

Using above-mentioned formula together with the initial reading from completely open terminal 104, and in view of crucial terminal (this Be D1 in example) be it is completely open, the terminal being set is exactly to have the terminal of minimum target ratio by first.Return to figure 8A is set by the air-flow of terminal D 2 in SET step 122.System 10 uses the stream of (or formula 7) computing terminal of formula 5 D2 Measure set-pointAnd the predicted flow rate being calculated using formula 13,14,15,16 (or formula 9,10,11,12)As follows：

By the user interface of air bell 20,60, system 10 indicates that user adjusts terminal D 2 until the stream by cover measurement Amount is equal to flow set pointThus (completion of SET step 122) is arranged in terminal D 2.Be arranged terminal D 2 as a result, logical Other terminal Ds 1 are crossed, D3 and D4 flow rate should be set to predicted flow rate respectivelyWithAccording to prediction equilibrium process 120, system calculates new prediction bulk flow according to setting terminal D 2

WhereinFor the predicted flow rate of other terminals, and b is the sum of other terminals

SET terminal 3

After setting up terminal D 2, adjustable terminal D 3, and process 120 is carried out to SET step 130.Use formula 7 (or 5), terminal D 3 are arranged in SET step 130(" 33 " indicate to be calculated for the second time by the flow of terminal D 3), such as Shown in Fig. 8 A：

Using formula 13,14 and 16 (or 9,11 and 13), the air-flow at other terminals is pre- based on the influence for closing terminal D 3 It surveys：

Flow of the bulk flow based on these new calculating and be predicted：

SET terminal 4

After setting up terminal D 2 and D3, adjustable terminal D 4, and process 120 is carried out to SET step 136.It uses Formula 8 (or 6), terminal D 4 are arranged in SET step 136(" 444 " are indicated through the flow of terminal D 4 by third time It calculates).

Using formula 13 and 14 (or 9 and 10), the air-flow at other terminals is predicted based on the influence for closing terminal D 4：

Flow of the bulk flow based on these new predictions and be predicted：

At this point, terminal D 1-D4 has been adjusted to proportional balancing method.In the example shown, proportional balancing method has reached institute There is the same traffic of terminal D 1-D4.Although the flow by terminal has reached proportional balancing method, they are also above the mesh of 450cfm Mark flow rate.In order to correct this problem, process 120 is carried out to step 142, wherein when monitoring terminal using air bell 20,60 When the air-flow of any of D1-D4, the fan or air blower (7A-7C) of HVAC system 100 are adjusted.When monitored terminal is read When taking target flow rate (450cfm), air can be discharged in other terminals also with target flow rate, and equilibrium process 120 is completed.

Therefore, it should be understood that system 10 implements prediction equilibrium process 120 by air current measurer 20,60 Idealized model.In order to accomplish in this way, system 10 indicates that user executes necessary task and (such as manipulates or enter data into air-flow Measuring device 20,60), for balancing HVAC system 100.In this manner, system 10 reminds user to hold in ideal balanced mode Row initial step, the SET step (depending on the terminal quantity in system 100) and final blast machine of necessary amount adjust step Suddenly.

Predict equilibrium process-quick mode

The quick mode of prediction equilibrium process 120 for HVAC system 100 (referring to Fig. 7 A-7C) is shown in the fig. 8b. In Fast-Balance mode, the flow set point of each terminal is determined based on above-mentioned formula.Quick mode is used to work as and be built by back pressure The case where k factor that the unexpected transition of vertical bring pipeline system and the flow-reduction of total system can lead to branch line changes.Quickly Mode can compensate these error sources by the READ step in implementation steps, allow to compensate subsequent terminal, such as It is lower described.

Initial step

Implement the Fast-Balance mode of prediction equilibrium process 120, system 10 indicates that user passes through the user of air bell 20,60 Interface 40 or smart machine 74 execute task.In quick mode, prediction equilibrium process 120 starts from initial step 118, wherein System is instruction user input systems information (terminal quantity, target flow rate, terminal type/configuration), guarantees that all terminals are complete It opens, and obtains initial flow reading from each terminating machine.

For more different modes, herein, the quick mode that we show prediction equilibrium process is retouched with above-mentioned Example performance in the identical system of the system for the desirable balance mode stated.Therefore, the example of quick mode is implemented to assume there is phase Same terminal configures (D1-D4), passes through the identical initial measurement flow and identical end objectives flow of terminal.Terminal Initial flow ratio be also identical and provide identical terminal balance sequence for Fast-Balance schema instance.

The population equilibrium strategy implemented in quick mode is substantially identical as other modes, i.e., each terminal is adjusted to reach To with once other all terminals be adjusted after system balancing corresponding system 100 current state under the terminal Flow.Flow after each terminal is conditioned is the flow implementing the system 10 of the quick mode of prediction balance method 120 and predicting, Meeting so that the terminal reaches its target flow,When every other terminal has adjusted.According to this method, to the last one end The balance meeting of (D4 in this example) is held so that entire HVAC system 100 reaches balance.Quick mode be different from idealized model it It is in the influence by READ step for adjustment terminal for bulk flow in the k factor and system of residual terminal provides Certain compensation.

Fig. 8 B shows SET-READ mode, has the quick mode feature of prediction equilibrium process 120.According to process 120 quick mode, terminal D 2 is adjusted to the set-point according to formula calculating disclosed herein in SET step 122, and is based on Initial measurement flow rate and target flow rate are then obtained in READ step 124 by the measuring flow of terminal D 3, and for calculating end Hold the set-point of D3, and in view of the relevant error ratio of the flow measured to predicted flow rate and in terminal D 3.Terminal D 3 exists SET step 130 is adjusted to the set-point.

This system model of SET-READ step is in this way in HVAC system in the Fast-Balance mode of process 120 Each terminal relay in 100 is continuous to carry out, not in the size and system of guard system terminal quantity, a to the last terminal quilt Adjustment.In the HVAC system 100 shown, terminal D 4 is the terminal of the last one setting.At this point, system 100 reaches flat Weighing apparatus, and the step can continue to 142, and wherein fan speed is adjusted to so that the flow balanced reaches target.

SET terminal 2

In fact, the adjustment in quick mode to first terminal (being terminal D 2 in this example), with desirable balance mode In it is identical to the adjustment of first terminal.Referring to Fig. 8 B, terminal D 2 is set in SET step 122.The use of system 10 formula 7 (or it is public Formula 5) computing terminal D2 flow set pointAnd it is calculated using formula 13,14,15,16 (or formula 9,10,11,12) The predicted flow rate arrivedAs follows：

By the user interface of air bell 20,60, system 10 indicates that user adjusts terminal D 2 until the stream by cover measurement Amount is equal to flow set pointThus (completion of SET step 122) is arranged in terminal D 2.Be arranged terminal D 2 as a result, logical Other terminal Ds 1 are crossed, D3 and D4 flow rate should be set to predicted flow rate respectivelyWithAccording to prediction equilibrium process 120, system calculates new prediction bulk flow according to setting terminal D 2

WhereinFor the predicted flow rate of other terminals, and b is the sum of other terminals.

However, since the method for the invention implemented is since fully opening all terminals, and be by systematically closing Terminal damper is adjusted, these adjustment lead to the increase of HVAC system load.The increase of system load can lead to entire system Flow of uniting declines, as shown in the example fan curve of Fig. 9.As shown in figure 9, as terminal damper is adjusted closing, system Pressure is from P₁Increase to P₂, this causes flow from Q₁Drop to Q₂.It predicts in the Fast-Balance pattern compensation of balance method system The SET step due to equilibrium process during flow caused by the adjustment of terminal damper is declined.

In HVAC system 100 due to the setting to terminal D 2 and bring variation as illustrated in figs. 10 a and 10b.Figure 10 A is shown Reach flow set point in setting terminal D 2The system 100 not changed before.Figure 10 B is shown by setting terminal The flow for the terminal D 2 that D2 is obtainedThe flow of the terminal D 1 obtained by setting terminal D 2, D3 and D4 is respectively WithThe k factor of the terminal D 1-D4 obtained by setting terminal D 2 is respectively k₁, k_2f, k₃And k₄.As shown in Figure 10 B, system is total Flow Q_TcWith pressure P_ocChange due to setting terminal D 2.

READ terminal D 3 and SET terminal D 3

According to the quick mode of prediction equilibrium process 120, the flow of HVAC system 100 as caused by the adjustment to terminal D 2 Decline can be estimated by adjusting the flow decline measured at another terminal in rear system.Predict the fast of equilibrium process 120 Fast mode is executed by READ step 124 (referring to Fig. 8 B), and wherein user is instructed to measure eventually using air current measurer 20,60 Hold the flow of D3

System 10 is than by the flow of the measurementWith the flow estimated for the terminalCompare, come estimate due to SET step 122 adjusts the flow decline of 2 bring HVAC system 100 of terminal D.The measurement of using terminal D3 and predicted flow rate ratio Value, can calculate new total flow：

Wherein Q_TrBe by setting terminal D 2 toAnd the prediction of bring total flow.

With adjustment terminal D 2 and thus since fan curve effect changes the load of entire HVAC system 100, each end The flow ratio at end is also changed：

Volume forecasting is also required to be adjusted to explain fan curve effect：

Q_1r=r_1r·Q_Tr, Q_2r=r_2r·Q_Tr, Q_3r=r_3r·Q_Tr,

Q_4r=r_4r·Q_Tr

Due to the dynamic variation in the flow path of each terminal of system, the k factor is also required to be adjusted.It is signified herein and The used k- factor is not associated with single component, such as elbow (elbow), damper etc..On the contrary, it is signified herein and The shown k factor and flow separation (detachment), recirculation regions and flow point stream (split) phase in HVAC system 100 Loss at the terminal of pass is associated.The modified k- factor calculates as follows：

Wherein Δ P_r=p_oc-p_∞.The final k factor,Also due to the dynamics of the flow in system changes and changes：

Referring to Fig. 8 B, process 120 is carried out to SET step 130, and wherein terminal D 3 is adjusted to flow set point, for by The decline of flow caused by the result of variations of the k factor of the adjustment and branch line of terminal D 2.Set-pointIt is true using formula 7 (or 5) It is fixed：

Reset predicted flow rateIt is determined using formula 13,14,16 (or 9,10,12)：

And the new prediction total flow after resetting,Based on the prediction after the above resetting：

Compared with the bulk flow of original predictive：

READ terminal D 4 and SET terminal D 4

To since setting 2 bring flow decline of terminal D is similar, declines and can pass through since 3 bring flow of terminal D is arranged The difference of the flow decline of another terminal of system adjusted is estimated.Therefore, process 120 is carried out to READ step 132 (ginseng Add Fig. 8 B), wherein the flow at terminal D 4 is measuredAnd with predicted flow rateIt compares.

The measurement of using terminal D4 and predicted flow rate ratio, can calculate new total flow Q_Trr：

Wherein Q_TrrBe by setting terminal D 3 toAnd the total flow that bring is newly predicted.

Next, determining 4 measuring flow of terminal D to keep accuracyWith the terminal closed based on terminal D 3 D4 predicted flow rateBetween error：

If Err₄Greater than 1%, flow ratio is recalculated (r_irr) and terminal D 3 be reset.

Flow set point is readjusted (Q_lrr)：

Q_1rr=r_1rr·Q_Trr, Q_2rr=r_2rr·Q_Trr

Q_3rr=r_3rr·Q_Trr, Q_4rr=r_4rr·Q_Trr

And the k factor is reset (k_lrrWith)：

Referring to Fig. 8 B, process 120 is carried out to SET step 136, and wherein terminal D 4 is adjusted to flow set point, for by The decline of flow caused by the result of variations of the k factor of the adjustment and branch line of terminal D 3.Set-pointIt is true using formula 8 (or 6) It is fixed：

Resetting Predicted flow rateIt is determined using formula 13,14 (or 9,10)：

Flow of the bulk flow based on these new predictions and be predicted：

At this point, terminal D 1-D4 has been adjusted to proportional balancing method.In the example shown, proportional balancing method has reached institute There is the same traffic of terminal D 1-D4.Although the flow by terminal has reached proportional balancing method, they are also above the mesh of 450cfm Mark flow rate.In order to correct this problem, process 120 is carried out to step 142, wherein when monitoring terminal using air bell 20,60 When the air-flow of any of D1-D4, the fan or air blower (7A-7C) of HVAC system 100 are adjusted.When monitored terminal is read When taking target flow rate (450cfm), air can be discharged in other terminals also with target flow rate, and equilibrium process 120 is completed.Prediction The Fast-Balance mode of equilibrium process 120 can be preferred or default mode, since its speed is fast and accurate.

Advantageously, the READ step for compensating SET step flow and k Effects of Factors at previous terminal occurs In next terminal to be adjusted.For example, READ step occurs after terminal D 2 out SET step in terminal D 3, it is also exactly next A terminal to be adjusted.Therefore, because air current measurer 20,60 needs to be placed on the terminal, thereby executing next SET step Suddenly, fortunately READ step also occurs in the terminal.Further, since executing SET step needs 20,60 quilt of air current measurer It is placed in terminal and system 10 is inputted by user and knows the set, set confirmation can also be used for triggering READ step and use The set-point of SET step will occur in calculating.Therefore, predict that the implementation of the quick mode of equilibrium process 120 hardly needs The extra time of user or energy.

Therefore, it should be understood that system 10 implements prediction equilibrium process 120 by air current measurer 20,60 Quick mode.In order to accomplish in this way, system 10 indicates that user executes necessary task and (such as manipulates or enter data into air-flow Measuring device 20,60), for balancing HVAC system 100.In this manner, system 10 reminds user to hold in Fast-Balance mode Row initial step, SET the and READ step (depending on the terminal quantity in system 100) and final blast machine of necessary amount Set-up procedure.

Predict equilibrium process-accurate model

The accurate model of prediction equilibrium process 120 for HVAC system 100 (referring to Fig. 7 A-7C) is shown in Fig. 8 C. Accurate balance mode provides compensation for the k Effects of Factors more than the compensation provided in quick mode, further promotes balance Accuracy.This is realized by introducing RESET step comprising based on the k Effects of Factors weight estimated from READ step New adjustment terminal.In accurate balance mode, process 120 can be predicted due to the variation in adjustment terminal bring system, and Adjustment correspondingly is corrected to same terminal.

Initial step

The initial step 118 of prediction equilibrium process 120 in accurate balance mode (Fig. 8 C) and ideal and quick mode It is similar or identical in (Fig. 8 A and 8B).Implement the accurate balance mode of prediction equilibrium process 120, system 10 indicates that user passes through The user interface 40 or smart machine 74 of air bell 20,60 execute task.In accurate model, prediction equilibrium process 120 starts In initial step 118, wherein system is instruction user input systems information (terminal quantity, target flow rate, terminal type/match Set), guarantee that all terminals fully open, and obtain initial flow reading from each terminating machine.

For more different modes, herein, the accurate model that we show prediction equilibrium process is retouched with above-mentioned The example performance in ideal system identical with the system of Fast-Balance mode stated.Therefore, the example of accurate model is implemented false (D1-D4) is configured equipped with identical terminal, passes through the identical initial measurement flow and identical end objectives stream of terminal Amount.The initial flow ratio of terminal is also identical and provides identical terminal balance sequence for accurate balance schema instance.

The population equilibrium strategy implemented in accurate model is substantially identical as other modes, i.e., each terminal is adjusted to reach The stream of the terminal under to the current state of system 100 corresponding with the system balancing after other all terminals are adjusted Amount.Flow after each terminal is conditioned is the flow implementing the system 10 of the accurate model of prediction balance method 120 and predicting, meeting So that the terminal reaches its target flow,When every other terminal has adjusted.According to this method, to the last one terminal The balance meeting of (D4 in this example) is so that entire HVAC system 100 reaches balance.Accurate model is different from ideal and Fast Modular It is in place of formula, the influence by READ and RESET step for adjustment terminal for the k factor of residual terminal provides additionally Compensation.This is completed by the RESET step as described below implemented in accurate balance mode.

Fig. 8 C shows SET-READ-RESET mode, has the accurate model feature of prediction equilibrium process 120.According to The accurate model of process 120, terminal D 2 are adjusted to the set-point according to formula calculating disclosed herein in SET step 122, lead to The flow for crossing terminal D 3 is measured in READ step 124, and terminal D 2 is readjusted in RESET step 126 and considers The set-point recalculated by the prediction of terminal D 3 and the ratio of measuring flow, the flow of measurement are READ step 124 phase Between the flow measurements that obtain.Terminal D 3 is adjusted to the set-point of calculating in SET step 130, is existed by the flow of terminal D 4 READ step 132 is measured, and terminal D 3 is readjusted in RESET step 134 in view of the prediction by terminal D 4 The set-point recalculated with the ratio of measuring flow, the flow of measurement is the flow measurement obtained during READ step 132 Value.

This system model of SET-READ-RESET step is in this way in HVAC system 100 in process 120 Each terminal relay is continuous to carry out, not in the size and system of guard system terminal quantity, to the last a terminal is adjusted.? In the HVAC system 100 shown, terminal D 4 is the terminal of the last one setting.When being related to terminal D 4, process 120 is executed such as Under：Terminal D 4 is adjusted in SET step 136, is measured by the flow of terminal D 3 in READ step 138, and terminal D 4 exists RESET step 140 is readjusted.Although being executed under identical SET-READ-RESET mode, but so " lag " It works, is used for READ step 138 using Leading End D3, for determining error ratio to execute RESET step 140 in terminal D 4 Value.At this point, system 100 reaches balance, and the step can continue to 142, and wherein fan speed, which is adjusted to, makes The flow that must be balanced reaches target.

SET terminal D 2, READ terminal D 3 and RESET terminal D 2

It is initially adjusted in a manner of identical with ideal and quick mode by the flow of terminal D 2 according to SET step 122. After terminal D 2 is set, it is measured by the flow of terminal D 3 in READ step 124, and under the flow for determining the terminal Drop.It is similar in the flow decline of terminal D 3 by adjustingBring predicted flow rate and by adjustingBring is practical The difference of measuring flow.Flow decline any terminal can be estimated in systems, rather than the terminal in adjustment, but selection has The terminal of the minimum k factor ensure that the highest resolution of correction.In the example shown, this is terminal D 3, therefore is used eventually Hold D3.

The measurement of using terminal D3 and predicted flow rate ratio, can calculate new prediction total flow：

Wherein Q_TrBe by setting terminal D 2 toAnd the prediction of bring total flow.Due to closing damper to the shadow of system Sound is calculated as：

If Err₃Greater than predetermined value, such as 1%, then resetting terminal D 2 is come to keep accuracy be reasonable.In this reality In example, it is reasonable for resetting terminal D 2.

With adjustment terminal D 2 and thus since fan curve effect changes the load of entire HVAC system 100, each end The flow ratio at end is also changed：

Volume forecasting is also required to be adjusted to explain fan curve effect：

Q_1r=r_1r·Q_Tr, Q_2r=r_2r·Q_Tr, Q_3r=r_3r·Q_Tr,

Q_4r=r_4r·Q_Tr

Due to the dynamic variation in the flow path of each terminal of system, the k factor is also required to be adjusted.The modified k- factor It calculates as follows：

The final k factor,Also due to the dynamics of the flow in system changes and changes：

The value recalculated determined using the formula provided in the preceding paragraphs, by the flow of terminal D 2 in RESET Step 126 is adjusted to amendment set-pointModified set-point is calculated using formula 7 (or 5), as described below.? RESET step 126 explains the initial adjustment to terminal D 2 due to making in SET step 122 to the flow adjustment of terminal D 2 Estimated flow decline caused and in the measurement of READ step 124 by terminal D 3.

Resetting terminal D 2 is necessarily required to modified predicted flow rateIt uses formula 13,14,15 and 16 (or 9,10,11 With 12) be calculated as follows out.For the ease of comparing, further it is shown that the previous predicted flow rate of each terminal

And the new prediction total flow after resetting,Based on the prediction after the above resetting：

Compared with the bulk flow of original predictive：

In the point, by predicting the accurate model of equilibrium process 120, being adjusted to by the flow of terminal D 2 be can compensate for Due to the value that system load changes caused by adjusting.It is present in the adjustment flow of terminal D 2 and the new predicted flow rate of residual terminal It can be used for adjusting terminal D 3 with same form.

SET terminal D 3

Respectively after step 122 and 126 settings and resetting terminal D 2, terminal D 3 is ready for being adjusted, since it has Secondary the smallest target ratio.Process 120 repeats these for the step of adjusting terminal D 2, i.e. SET, READ and RESET, such as substantially Shown in Fig. 8 C.In order to execute SET step 130, system 10 is indicated for moving air bell 20,60 to terminal D 3.Once user obtains Know 20,60 dropping place of air bell at terminal D 3 (for example, user interface 40 or smart machine 74 for passing through air bell 20,60), is System 10 can using cover placement and terminal D 3 carry out gas flow measurement, measure due to terminal D 2 RESET step 126 and bring Pass through the actual airflow of the terminal.The air-flow of the terminal D 3 measured after a reset,Explain due to adjustment terminal D 2 and The variation of introducing system：

The D3 flow measured after resettingWith previously measured D3 flowRatio for determining new prediction total system Unite flow Q_Trr：

Wherein Q_TrrBe by adjustment terminal D 2 toAnd the total flow that bring is newly predicted.

In order to keep accuracy, 3 flow of terminal D is predictedWith the D3 flow measured after resettingBetween error It can be determined：

If Err₃Greater than predetermined threshold error, such as 1%, flow ratio is recalculated (r_irr)：

Flow set point is readjusted (Q_lrr)：

Q_1rr=r_1rr·Q_Trr, Q_2rr=r_2rr·Q_Trr

Q_3rr=r_3rr·Q_Trr, Q_4rr=r_4rr·Q_Trr

And the k factor is recalculated (k_lrrWith)：

Referring to Fig. 8 C, process 120 is carried out to SET step 130, and wherein system 10 indicates that user adjusts terminal D 3 to flow and sets It sets a little, the flow set point is for compensating the decline of the flow as caused by the result of variations of the k factor of the adjustment and branch line of terminal D 2. Set-pointUsing formula 7 (or 5) and implement based on the actual flow newly measuredIt is calculated value and it is true It is fixed：

Using formula 13,14 and 16 (or 9,10 and 12), the air-flow at other terminals is pre- based on the influence for closing terminal D 3 It surveys：

Flow of the bulk flow based on these new predictions and be predicted：

READ terminal D 4 and RESET terminal D 3

To since adjustment 2 bring flow decline of terminal D is similar, can pass through due to adjusting the decline of 3 bring flow of terminal D The difference of the flow decline of another terminal of system adjusted is estimated.The terminal with the minimum k factor is selected to ensure that school Positive highest resolution.In the example shown, this is terminal D 4.After SET step 130 adjusts terminal D 3, process 120 is carried out To READ step 132, and system 10 indicates the flow of user's measuring terminals D4In the example of Fig. 8 C, measurement 4 flow of terminal D4 flow of terminal D predicted beforeFor：

The measurement of using terminal D4 and predicted flow rate ratio, can calculate new total flow Q_Trrr：

Wherein Q_TrrrBe by adjustment terminal D 3 toAnd the total flow that bring is newly predicted.

Next, determining 4 measuring flow of terminal D to keep accuracyWith the terminal closed based on terminal D 3 D4 predicted flow rateBetween error：

If Err₄Greater than 1%, flow ratio is recalculated (r_lrrr) and terminal D 3 be reset.

Flow set point is readjusted (Q_lrrr)：

Q_1rrr=r_1rrr·Q_Trrr, Q_2rrr=r_2rrr·Q_Trrr

Q_3rrr=r_3rrr·Q_Trrr, Q_4rrr=r_4rrr·Q_Trrr

And the k factor is reset (k_lrrrWith)：

After the flow that the measurement of READ step 132 passes through terminal D 4, process is carried out to RESET step 134, and indicates to use Air bell 20,60 is placed in terminal D 3 by family.Once user knows that air bell 20,60 is located at terminal D 3, system 100 indicates user's tune The flow set point that whole D3 is calculated to resetting(formula 7 (or 5), as follows).In RESET step 134 to terminal D 3 Adjustment has used the D4 measuring flow obtained in READ step 132, to compensate due to the adjustment in SET step 130 to terminal D 3 And bring flow declines：

Resetting terminal D 3 is necessarily required to modified predicted flow rateIt uses formula 13,14 and 16 (or 9,10 and 12) It is calculated as follows out.For the ease of comparing, further it is shown that the previous predicted flow rate of each terminal

Q_p11=455.615cfm

Q_p22=455.615cfm

Flow of the bulk flow based on these new predictions and be predicted：

SET terminal D 4

Respectively after step 130 and 134 settings and resetting terminal D 3, terminal D 4 is ready for being adjusted, since it has Secondary the smallest target ratio.Once again, process 120 repeat substantially these for adjust terminal D 2 and D3 the step of, i.e. SET, READ and RESET, as shown in Figure 8 C.In order to execute SET step 136, system 10 is indicated for moving air bell 20,60 to terminal D4.Once user knows 20,60 dropping place of air bell at terminal D 4 (for example, passing through the user interface 40 or intelligence of air bell 20,60 Energy equipment 74), system 10 can be using the placement of cover and in the progress gas flow measurement of terminal D 4, and measurement is walked due to the RESET of terminal D 3 Rapid 134 and bring passes through the actual airflow of the terminal.The air-flow of the terminal D 4 measured after a reset,Explain due to Adjustment terminal D 3 and introduce the variation of system：

The D4 flow of measurementWith the D4 flow measured after resettingRatio for determining new prediction overall system Flow Q_Trrrr:

Wherein Q_TrrrrBe by adjustment terminal D 3 toAnd the total flow that bring is newly predicted.

Next, predicting 4 flow of terminal D to keep accuracyWith the D4 flow measured after resettingIt Between error can be determined：

If Err₄Greater than predetermined threshold error, such as 1%, flow ratio is recalculated (r_lrrrr)：

Flow set point is readjusted (Q_lrrrr)：

Q_1rrrr=r_1rrrr·Q_Trrrr, Q_2rrrr=r_2rrrr·Q_Trrrr

Q_3rrrr=r_3rrrr·Q_Trrrr, Q_4rrrr=r_4rrrr·Q_Trrrr

And the k factor is reset (k_lrrrrWith)：

Referring to Fig. 8 C, process 120 is carried out to SET step 136, and wherein system 10 indicates that user adjusts terminal D 4 to flow and sets It sets a little, the flow set point is for compensating the decline of the flow as caused by the result of variations of the k factor of the adjustment and branch line of terminal D 3. Set-pointUsing formula 8 (or 6) and implement based on the actual flow newly measuredIt is calculated value and it is true It is fixed：

Using formula 13 and 14 (or 9 and 10), predict the air-flow from other terminals based on the influence for closing terminal D 4：

And bulk flow is predicted based on the flow newly predicted：

READ terminal D 3 and RESET terminal D 4

It is similar to due to adjusting terminal D 2 and D3 bring flow decline, since adjustment 4 bring flow of terminal D decline can The difference of the flow decline of another terminal of system by adjusting after is estimated.Since terminal D 4 is the end being finally adjusted There is certain deviation in the mode at end, prediction equilibrium process 120, as shown in Figure 8 C.After SET step 136 adjusts terminal D 4, mistake Journey 120 is carried out to READ step 138, and system 10 indicates the flow of user's measuring terminals D3In the reality of Fig. 8 C In example, 4 flow of terminal D of measurement4 flow of terminal D predicted beforeFor：

Including noticing that terminal D 3 does not account for, it is assumed that it is easy to reach closest to terminal D 4.Terminal D 1-D3 Either one or two of can be used for this step.Once the flow by terminal is measured, total flow is also determined again：

Wherein Q_TrrrrrBe by setting terminal D 4 toAnd the total flow of bring prediction.Err₄Be recalculated so that it is determined that Whether need to reset terminal D 4, as follows：

After the flow that the measurement of READ step 138 passes through terminal D 3, process is carried out to RESET step 140, and indicates to use Air bell 20,60 is placed in terminal D 4 by family.Once user knows that air bell 20,60 is located at terminal D 3, system 100 indicates user's tune The flow set point that whole D4 is calculated to resetting(formula 8 (or 6), as follows).In RESET step 140 to terminal D 4 Adjustment used READ step 138 obtain D3 measuring flow, to compensate due to the tune in SET step 136 to terminal D 4 Whole and bring flow declines：

Resetting terminal D 4 is explained since terminal D 4 adjusts the decline of bring flow.Since terminal D 4 is the end being finally adjusted End, it is contemplated that D4 resets flow set pointWith resetting predicted flow rate(as follows) should be equal.Though Do not implement in any further calculating or terminal adjustment so, resets predicted flow rateAs follows, together with pre- before Measurement of dischargeTogether for comparing：

At this point, terminal D 1-D4 has been adjusted to proportional balancing method.In the example shown, proportional balancing method has reached institute There is the same traffic of terminal D 1-D4.Although the flow by terminal has reached proportional balancing method, they are also above the mesh of 450cfm Mark flow rate.In order to correct this problem, process 120 is carried out to step 142, wherein when monitoring terminal using air bell 20,60 When the air-flow of any of D1-D4, the fan or air blower (7A-7C) of HVAC system 100 are adjusted.When monitored terminal is read When taking target flow rate (450cfm), air can be discharged in other terminals also with target flow rate, and equilibrium process 120 is completed.

Therefore, it should be understood that system 10 implements prediction equilibrium process 120 by air current measurer 20,60 Accurate model.In order to accomplish in this way, system 10 indicates that user executes necessary task and (such as manipulates or enter data into air-flow Measuring device 20,60), for balancing HVAC system 100.In this manner, system 10 reminds user to hold in accurate balance mode Row initial step, SET, READ and RESET step (depending on the terminal quantity in system 100) of necessary amount, and it is final Air blower set-up procedure.

Software implementation

The calculation amount of the balance method of foregoing description is very big, thus is best suited for being implemented in software, so as to quickly, Calculating is automatically carried out, and there is high-precision and accuracy.Therefore, it regardless of the configuration of Gas flow measurement systems 10, retouches herein The method stated can be implemented in the soft copy of system.

For example, this method can be answered by software if Gas flow measurement systems 10 use Fig. 1 and air bell shown in Fig. 2 20 With implementation, software application is mounted on soft copy 38 and can obtain gas flow measurement data from instrument 36.User can pass through user 40 input data of interface receives instruction, and observes result and other data.Another example is, if Gas flow measurement systems 10 Using the air bell 60 of Fig. 4, this method can be implemented by the software application (such as HVAC app) being mounted on smart machine 74, It wirelessly can obtain gas flow measurement data from the instrument and soft copy of cover 60.In this case, user can pass through smart machine 74 user interface receives instruction, and observe result and other data in the position input data of principle air bell 60.

Once HVAC technician will be all about to be measured by the user interface of air bell 20,60 during initial step 118 The relevant information of examination HVAC system is input in system 10, technician simply according to system by instruction that user interface provides come Balance the system.According to the instruction provided, cover is moved to another terminal from a terminal by operator, and according to according to selected It predicts the mode of equilibrium process 120 and is adjusted by the instruction that system provides.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that technician Can substantially it be changed based on many factors by the mode of inquiry and instruction, such as (such as smart machine touch screen compares interface type Key drives LCD).Regardless of which kind of is presented by the mode of inquiry and instruction, process 120 can be according to identical base described herein This method carries out.

From foregoing description of the invention, those skilled in the art are it is conceivable that improving, changing and modifying.Art technology These and other improvement, change and the modification that personnel make are covered in by appended claims.

Claims (27)

1. a kind of method of the terminal using measuring unit for air flow balance Heating,Ventilating and Air Conditioning HVAC system, including：

The computer disposal portion of the measuring unit for air flow will be inputted for the scheduled target flow of each terminal；

The initial measurement air-flow Jing Guo each terminal is obtained by the air current measurer, the initial measurement air-flow is provided To the computer disposal portion；And

The terminal in the HVAC system is adjusted to flow set point according to the instruction from the computer disposal portion, it is described Computer disposal portion is programmed under currently given HVAC system load condition be that each terminal calculates flow set point, After all terminals are adjusted according to instruction, all terminals can be made to be set to target flow.

2. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein adjusting the terminal and including：

Gas flow measurement is positioned at terminal to be adjusted as indicated by the computer disposal portion, the computer disposal portion It is programmed to determine the sequence that the terminal of the HVAC system is adjusted；

The flow set point of the terminal to be adjusted is obtained from the computer disposal portion；And

The terminal to be adjusted is adjusted to the flow set point.

3. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein the computer disposal portion is programmed to determine current HVAC system load Lotus situation, for using the flow set point of terminal to be adjusted as the initial measurement flow of the terminal and described default The function of target flow is determined.

4. according to the method described in claim 3, wherein the computer disposal portion is programmed to determine current HVAC system load Lotus situation, for further using the flow set point of terminal to be adjusted as due to other terminals to the HVAC system The function of bring air-flow is adjusted to be determined.

5. according to the method described in claim 4, wherein the computer disposal portion is programmed to calculate due to the HVAC The adjustment bring air-flow of other terminals of system.

6. according to the method described in claim 4, wherein be programmed to calculate will be due to described in the computer disposal portion The adjustment bring air-flow of other terminals of HVAC system is not as being that other terminal measurements of terminal to be adjusted obtain The function of air-flow is calculated.

7. according to the method described in claim 2, wherein after adjusting the terminal to be adjusted, computer disposal portion quilt Programming obtains the measurement air-flow by different terminals, the computer disposal to indicate user using the measuring unit for air flow Portion is further programmed to：

Calculate the predicted flow rate by the different terminals；

The measuring flow for passing through the different terminals is relatively determined into error compared with through the predicted flow rate of the different terminals；

It is more than predetermined threshold in response to the error, recalculates the flow set point of the terminal to be adjusted；And

Indicate that the terminal to be adjusted is readjusted to the flow set point recalculated by the user.

8. according to the method described in claim 7, wherein in order to determine that the flow of the terminal to be adjusted recalculated is set It sets a little, the computer disposal portion is programmed to：

Using modified bulk flow as in the letter that the terminal predetermined bulk flow and the error to be adjusted is arranged Number is calculated；

Using the flow ratio of each terminal as the estimated flow of each terminal and before the terminal to be adjusted is arranged The function of the determining bulk flow is calculated；

Using the modified estimated flow by each terminal as the function of the flow ratio and the modified bulk flow To be calculated；And

Come the flow set point recalculated as the function of the modified bulk flow and the modified estimated flow It determines.

9. according to the method described in claim 2, wherein after adjusting the terminal to be adjusted, computer disposal portion quilt Programming with indicate the mobile measuring unit for air flow of user to the next terminal determined in sequence, the computer disposal portion into One step is programmed to：

Calculate the prediction air-flow Jing Guo next terminal；

Measure the air-flow Jing Guo next terminal；

Prediction air-flow Jing Guo next terminal is relatively determined compared with the measurement air-flow Jing Guo next terminal Error；

It is calculated according to the flow set point of next terminal as the function of the error；And

Indicate that the user adjusts next terminal to the flow set point recalculated.

10. according to the method described in claim 9, wherein in order to calculate the flow set point of next terminal, the meter Calculation machine processing unit is programmed to：

Using modified bulk flow as in the letter that the terminal predetermined bulk flow and the error to be adjusted is arranged Number is to be calculated；

Using the flow ratio of each terminal as the estimated flow of each terminal and before the terminal to be adjusted is arranged The function of the determining bulk flow is calculated；

Using the modified estimated flow by each terminal as the function of the flow ratio and the modified bulk flow To be calculated；And

Come the flow set point recalculated as the function of the modified bulk flow and the modified estimated flow It is determined.

11. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein adjusting the terminal to the flow set point and including：When use gas Flow of the adjustment Jing Guo the terminal, described to determine when to have reached when flow measurement device monitors the flow Jing Guo the terminal Flow set point.

12. indicating institute according to the method described in claim 1, wherein the instruction is included in front of any initial flow of measurement Full open position will be set as all dampers of all terminals in the HVAC system by stating user.

13. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein the computer disposal portion is programmed to determine in the HVAC system Crucial terminal, the instruction includes that the crucial terminal is retained in during entire equilibrium process and beats completely by instruction user It opens.

14. according to the method for claim 13, wherein the computer disposal portion is programmed to：

Using the end error of each terminal in the HVAC system as the respective target flow of each terminal and initial measurement The function of the ratio of flow is determined；And

Determining has the terminal of minimum terminal error as crucial terminal.

15. according to the method for claim 14, wherein the computer disposal portion, which is programmed to determine the terminal, carrys out root It is adjusted according to the ascending order of the amount of the end error.

16. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein the computer disposal portion is programmed to solve set-point Q_isAnd Q_Ns, It is calculated as：

Wherein Q_TOverall system flow is represented,

Q_bAnd Q₁The initial flow of GC group connector i+1≤b≤N and terminal 1, andWithRespectively represent end End 1, the target flow of 1≤a≤i-1,1≤c≤N-1 and i.

17. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein the computer disposal portion is programmed to solve：Since terminal is arranged I, terminal 1, in 2≤x≤i-1, i+1≤z≤N-1 and NWithFor：

Wherein Q_TOverall system flow is represented,

Q_c,Q_w,Q_NAnd Q_zThe initial flow of GC group connector i+1≤c≤N, i+2≤w≤N, i+1≤z≤N-1 and N, and

WithRespectively represent terminal 1,2≤x≤i-1,2≤d≤i, i, 1≤v≤i and 1≤e The target flow of≤i-2.

18. a kind of device of the air-flow in measurement Heating,Ventilating and Air Conditioning HVAC system, including：

It is arranged to be placed in the structure in the air flow path of the terminal of the HVAC system, the structure is further applicable to gas Stream is directed through the structure from the terminal；

By the instrument of the structural support, the instrument, which has, is positioned at the part in the air flow path, the instrument setting To generate signal relevant to the air-flow by the structure；And

It is operably coupled to the soft copy of the instrument, suitable for receiving the signal relevant to air-flow and converting signal At mechanized data, the soft copy includes computer disposal portion, and the computer disposal portion is programmed to using described Mechanized data determines the measurement air-flow by the structure, and the computer disposal portion is further programmed to：

Flow set point is calculated for terminal to be adjusted, the flow set point is：Under current system conditions, work as system In every other terminal can bring when having reached balance balance flow system flow the air-flow by the terminal to be adjusted.

19. device according to claim 18, wherein the computer disposal portion is programmed to the flow set point It is calculated as the measurement air-flow of all terminals in the HVAC system and the function of predeterminated target air-flow.

20. device according to claim 18, wherein the soft copy includes for receiving user input data and being used for The user interface of display system data, the user interface is operably coupled to the computer disposal portion, thus from described User interface receives the user input data, and sends data to the user interface for showing.

21. device according to claim 20, wherein the soft copy is provided so that the user can pass through institute User interface input is stated about the data of system to the computer disposal portion, and the computer disposal portion can pass through institute It states user interface and provides a user instruction.

22. device according to claim 18, wherein the computer disposal portion be further programmed with：

Estimated flow Jing Guo each terminal is calculated as the function of the measuring flow Jing Guo each terminal；

The estimated flow for determining the terminal for being different from terminal to be adjusted and the second measuring flow by the different terminals Between difference whether be more than predetermined threshold；And

It is more than the predetermined threshold in response to the difference, determines the flow set of the terminal to be adjusted recalculated Point.

23. device according to claim 18, wherein the computer disposal portion be further programmed with：

The user is prompted to adjust the terminal to be adjusted to the flow set point；And

The air-flow Jing Guo the terminal to be adjusted is monitored to determine when to have reached the flow set point.

24. a kind of device of the air-flow in measurement Heating,Ventilating and Air Conditioning HVAC system, including：

Air bell, for measuring the air-flow of the terminal from the HVAC system；And

Soft copy, for being communicated with the air bell with receiving air-flow measured value, the soft copy includes computer disposal portion, institute It states computer disposal portion and is operably coupled to user interface portion, the computer disposal portion is programmed to requry the users number According to providing a user instruction, and receive the data issued by user via the user interface, the computer disposal portion is compiled Journey with：

It requries the users and receives data relevant to the HVAC system from user, the information includes in the HVAC system Terminal quantity and each terminal preset expected gas flow rate；

Indicate that user obtains the initial measurement air-flow of each terminal in the HVAC system by the air bell；And

Indicate that the user adjusts the gas flow rate of the terminal in the HVAC system to the set-point calculated, to balance the HVAC System.

25. device according to claim 24, wherein in order to indicate that the user is each needs in the new system The terminal of adjustment adjusts the gas flow rate, and the computer disposal portion is programmed to instruction user：

The terminal to be adjusted is adjusted to set-point calculated.

The air-flow of the terminal by being not the terminal to be adjusted is measured using the air bell, so that it is determined that described in adjustment The influence of terminal to be adjusted for the HVAC system；And

In response to determining that influence to the HVAC system is more than preset value, the terminal to be adjusted is readjusted to counting again The set-point of calculation.

26. device according to claim 25, wherein the computer disposal portion is programmed to the flow set point It is calculated as the measurement air-flow of all terminals in the HVAC system and the function of predeterminated target air-flow.

27. device according to claim 26, wherein for the flow set point recalculated described in determination, the calculating Machine processing unit is programmed to：

Predicted flow rate is calculated for each terminal；

The error between estimated flow and double measurement flow is determined for the different terminals；

Modified total flow is counted as the function of the error and the total flow for having the initial measurement air-flow to determine It calculates；

Using the flow ratio of each terminal as the estimated flow of each terminal and before the terminal to be adjusted is arranged The function of the determining bulk flow is calculated；

Using the modified estimated flow by each terminal as the function of the flow ratio and the modified bulk flow To be calculated；And

Come the flow set point recalculated as the function of the modified bulk flow and the modified estimated flow It determines.