CN108880656B - Distributed constellation system and information system - Google Patents
Distributed constellation system and information system Download PDFInfo
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- CN108880656B CN108880656B CN201810494179.9A CN201810494179A CN108880656B CN 108880656 B CN108880656 B CN 108880656B CN 201810494179 A CN201810494179 A CN 201810494179A CN 108880656 B CN108880656 B CN 108880656B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/1851—Systems using a satellite or space-based relay
- H04B7/18513—Transmission in a satellite or space-based system
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/1851—Systems using a satellite or space-based relay
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/18578—Satellite systems for providing broadband data service to individual earth stations
- H04B7/18591—Arrangements for interconnecting multiple systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
- H04W84/04—Large scale networks; Deep hierarchical networks
- H04W84/06—Airborne or Satellite Networks
Abstract
The invention discloses a distributed star group system and an information system, wherein the distributed star group system comprises: m switching satellites and N mission satellites; an inter-satellite analog link and an inter-satellite digital link are arranged between each task satellite and each exchange satellite, an inter-satellite analog link is arranged between each task satellite and each of the other N-1 task satellites, and an inter-satellite analog link and an inter-satellite digital link are arranged between each exchange satellite and each of the other M-1 exchange satellites; m and N are integers greater than or equal to 2. According to the invention, the inter-satellite analog link and the inter-satellite digital link are arranged between the switching satellite and the task satellite, and different switching loads are arranged, so that analog switching and digital switching can be simultaneously carried out in a distributed constellation without a central topological structure, the functions are diversified, the system performance is improved, and the problems in the prior art are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of communications, and in particular, to a distributed constellation system and an information system.
Background
Due to the unique space advantages, the space information network has the status that the ground network cannot replace the space information network in the aspects of ground observation, emergency communication, space measurement and control, air transportation and the like, and has gradually become a strategic high place for competition of various countries. A large amount of manpower and material resources are invested in global relevant organizations and organizations to carry out the research and experimental verification of the spatial information network related technology.
Due to the limitation of platform capability, the long construction and deployment period and other limiting factors, the traditional single satellite is difficult to meet various application requirements (such as broadband access, relay transmission, on-orbit processing and the like) of a spatial information network on network nodes. A Distributed Satellite cluster (Distributed Satellite Clusters) integrates a plurality of module satellites into a large Satellite by using a wireless network, so that the research and development difficulty of a single Satellite can be reduced, the reliability and the iterative upgrade capability of a node are enhanced, and the space resource benefit is improved. The plurality of module satellites can be non-geostationary orbit satellites flying in formation or geostationary orbit satellites in the same orbit position.
The topology of the wireless network within the constellation determines the reliability of the constellation and the implementation complexity of the single star. At present, the topological structure of the distributed constellation has a central topological structure and a single-central topological structure. In a centerless topological structure, any satellite in the constellation can realize full interconnection, and the satellite failure does not influence the connectivity of the distributed constellation, thereby improving the reliability of the distributed constellation. In the single-center topology, the satellites are divided into task satellites and switching satellites. The task satellites cooperate to perform specific tasks and the switching satellites provide links for inter-task satellite communications as well as for earth communications. Because each satellite concentrates on the task design of the satellite, the realization complexity of each satellite is simplified.
The switching system of a single satellite determines the data processing granularity and the single-satellite implementation complexity of a wireless network in a distributed constellation. Currently, the satellite switching plane has different switching forms for microwave links and laser links. The satellite switching system facing the microwave link mainly comprises a microwave matrix, channelized switching and packet switching, and the satellite switching system facing the laser link mainly comprises wavelength switching. The microwave matrix and the wavelength switching are completed in an analog domain, on-board processing is not needed, the realization complexity is low, and the method is suitable for on-board switching requirements of large granularity and large capacity. Channelized switching enables switching at the user subcarrier level, and packet switching enables switching at the data packet level. Because the channelized exchange and the packet exchange are completed in a digital domain, the requirement on the satellite processing capacity is high, the realization complexity is improved, and the method is suitable for a flexible exchange scene with small capacity and fine granularity.
Therefore, in the existing distributed constellation without a central topological structure, the functions of all satellites are single, data processing in various forms cannot be performed, and the system performance is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a distributed constellation system and an information system, which are used for solving the following problems in the prior art: in the existing distributed constellation without a central topological structure, the functions of all satellites are single and the design is complex, so that data processing in various forms cannot be performed, and the system performance is poor.
To solve the above technical problem, in one aspect, the present invention provides a distributed constellation system, including: m switching satellites and N mission satellites; an inter-satellite analog link and an inter-satellite digital link are arranged between each task satellite and each exchange satellite, an inter-satellite analog link is arranged between each task satellite and each of the other N-1 task satellites, and an inter-satellite analog link and an inter-satellite digital link are arranged between each exchange satellite and each of the other M-1 exchange satellites; m and N are integers greater than or equal to 2.
Optionally, the switching satellite includes: the device comprises a first optical domain switching device, P first photoelectric conversion modules, a reconfigurable digital domain switching device, a first analog service load and a first digital service load; the first optical domain switching device is connected with the P first photoelectric conversion modules respectively, and the P first photoelectric conversion modules are connected with the reconfigurable digital domain switching device respectively; the first analog service load is connected with the first optical domain switching device, the first analog service load is connected with the first digital service load, and the first digital service load is connected with the reconfigurable digital domain switching device; the first photoelectric conversion module is used for converting the optical signal from the first optical domain switching device into an electric signal; p is an integer greater than or equal to 1.
Optionally, the switching satellite further includes: q second photoelectric conversion modules; the Q second photoelectric conversion modules are respectively connected with the first optical domain switching device and used for converting received microwave signals from satellites of the same distributed constellation system into optical signals; q is an integer greater than or equal to 2.
Optionally, the switching satellite further includes: and the third photoelectric conversion module is connected with the first optical domain switching device and used for converting the received microwave signals from different distributed constellation systems into optical signals.
Optionally, the mission satellite includes: the second optical domain switching device, a second analog service load and a second digital service load; wherein the second analog traffic load is connected to the second optical domain switching device, and the second analog traffic load is connected to the second digital traffic load.
Optionally, the mission satellite further includes: s fourth photoelectric conversion modules; the S fourth photoelectric conversion modules are respectively connected with the second optical domain switching device and used for converting received microwave signals from satellites of the same distributed constellation system into optical signals; s is an integer greater than or equal to 2.
In another aspect, the present invention further provides an information system, including: one or more of the distributed constellation systems and terrestrial communications systems described above.
According to the invention, the inter-satellite analog link and the inter-satellite digital link are arranged between the switching satellite and the task satellite, and different switching loads are arranged, so that analog switching and digital switching can be simultaneously carried out in a distributed constellation without a central topological structure, the functions are diversified, the system performance is improved, and the following problems in the prior art are solved: in the existing distributed constellation without a central topological structure, the functions of all satellites are single and have high complexity, data processing in various forms cannot be performed, and the system performance is poor.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a distributed constellation system architecture in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a distributed constellation formation and intra-constellation hybrid topology in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a diagram of a switching architecture of a switching satellite according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a switching architecture for a mission satellite in a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of an architecture of an elevated rail co-located distributed constellation system according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows a switching satellite S according to a second embodiment of the present invention1The switching architecture diagram of (1);
fig. 7 is a switch architecture diagram of a mission satellite in a second embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to solve the following problems in the prior art: in the existing distributed constellation without a central topological structure, each satellite has single function and high complexity, cannot process data in various forms, and has poor system performance; the present invention provides a distributed constellation system and an information system, and the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the invention.
A first embodiment of the present invention provides a distributed constellation system, which is shown in fig. 1 and includes:
The embodiment of the invention is provided with the inter-satellite analog link and the inter-satellite digital link between the switching satellite and the task satellite, so that analog switching and digital switching can be simultaneously carried out in a distributed constellation without a central topological structure, the functions are diversified, the system performance is improved, and the following problems in the prior art are solved: in the existing distributed constellation without a central topological structure, the functions of all satellites are single and have high complexity, data processing in various forms cannot be performed, and the system performance is poor.
In a specific implementation, the switching satellite includes: the device comprises a first optical domain switching device, P first photoelectric conversion modules, a reconfigurable digital domain switching device, a first analog service load and a first digital service load; the first optical domain switching device is connected with the P first photoelectric conversion modules respectively, and the P first photoelectric conversion modules are connected with the reconfigurable digital domain switching device respectively; the first analog service load is connected with the first optical domain switching device, the first analog service load is connected with the first digital service load, and the first digital service load is connected with the reconfigurable digital domain switching device; the first photoelectric conversion module is used for converting the optical signal from the first optical domain switching device into an electric signal; p is an integer greater than or equal to 2. The switching satellite having the above configuration can process a laser signal and perform load switching.
Correspondingly, the task satellite may include: the second optical domain switching device, a second analog service load and a second digital service load; wherein the second analog traffic load is connected to the second optical domain switching device, and the second analog traffic load is connected to the second digital traffic load. The mission satellite having the above configuration can process the laser signal and also can perform exchange between loads.
For the microwave signal, the switching satellite having the above configuration cannot process the microwave signal, and therefore, the switching satellite of the present embodiment may further include, in addition to the above configuration: q second photoelectric conversion modules; the Q second photoelectric conversion modules are respectively connected with the first optical domain switching device and used for converting received microwave signals from satellites of the same distributed constellation system into optical signals; q is an integer greater than or equal to 2. The switching satellite having the above-described configuration can process the microwave signal.
Correspondingly, the mission satellite may further include: s fourth photoelectric conversion modules; the S fourth photoelectric conversion modules are respectively connected with the second optical domain switching device and used for converting received microwave signals from satellites of the same distributed constellation system into electric signals; s is an integer greater than or equal to 2. The mission satellite with the fourth photoelectric conversion module can process the microwave signal.
In the above embodiment, only the switching between the distributed constellation systems is performed, and the switching satellite in the entire distributed constellation system further needs to perform switching with other external distributed constellation systems, so that the switching satellite in the distributed constellation system may further include: and the third photoelectric conversion module is connected with the first optical domain switching device and used for converting the received microwave signals from different distributed constellation systems into optical signals. The switching satellite with the third photoelectric conversion module can be switched with other external distributed constellation systems.
In the centerless topology, each satellite needs to have inter-satellite links with other satellites and digital processing capability, so that the implementation complexity of each satellite is improved. In a single-hub topology, failure of a switch satellite causes disconnection of the mission satellite, and thus has low reliability.
With the increase of inter-satellite transmission rate, it is difficult for a single switching satellite to meet the capacity requirement. Thus, the topology of a distributed constellation should balance connectivity within the constellation and implementation complexity of a single star. In addition, distributed constellation has various loads, so the switching requirements of different satellites should be considered separately, balancing switching capacity, flexibility and implementation complexity.
Based on the above thought, the second embodiment of the present invention provides a distributed constellation system, which has an intra-constellation hybrid topology structure, realizes a non-central topology in an analog domain and a dual-central topology in a digital domain, balances reliability and complexity of a constellation, and can provide multiple switching granularities for users by configuring different switching capabilities in different satellites, thereby satisfying requirements of high capacity and flexible switching.
As shown in fig. 2, a distributed constellation includes N satellites, and the satellites in the constellation are divided into the following two types according to the implemented functions:
(1) switching satellites: the satellite communication system has high-speed communication links and strong on-board processing capacity with other distributed constellations and ground facilities, and can provide analog domain and digital domain switching capacity and high-speed communication capacity for other satellites in the distributed constellation, such as S in figure 21，S2。
(2) And (4) task satellite: having the ability to perform certain tasks independently or in coordination with other task satellites, and having the ability to switch for the analog domain, such as T in fig. 21,…,TN-2。
As shown in fig. 2, a distributed constellation includes the following links:
(1) inter-group link: the device is used for realizing information exchange among different distributed constellations;
(2) the satellite-ground link: the system is used for realizing information exchange between the distributed constellation and the ground station;
(3) intra-cluster inter-satellite links: the method is used for realizing information exchange among the stars in the distributed star group.
The embodiment of the invention divides the intra-cluster inter-satellite link into an intra-cluster inter-satellite analog link and an intra-cluster inter-satellite digital link, and the two links are carried on the same physical link. The intra-group inter-satellite simulation link is used for realizing information exchange of each inter-satellite simulation domain in the distributed constellation, as shown by a solid line in fig. 2; the intra-cluster inter-satellite digital links are used to implement information exchange between the inter-satellite digital domains within the distributed cluster, as shown by the dashed lines in fig. 2.
As shown in fig. 2, in the distributed constellation adopting the intra-constellation hybrid topology proposed by the embodiment of the present invention, any satellite includes N-1 intra-constellation inter-satellite simulation links, so as to implement interconnection with other N-1 satellite simulation domains in the constellation. Any task satellite comprises 2 digital links among the satellites in the group, and realizes the communication with 2 switching satellites (S)1And S2) The digital interconnect of (a); each switching satellite comprises N-1 inter-satellite digital links in the constellation, and digital interconnection with other N-1 satellites in the constellation is realized. Therefore, one-hop interconnection of the analog domain can be realized between any two satellites to form a centerless network of the analog domain; any two task satellites need to realize digital domain interconnection through a switching satellite, a distributed constellation forms a double-center network of the digital domain, and the network center is S1And S2。
To implement the topology proposed by the present invention, the load (i.e., equipment) of each satellite in the constellation is designed separately. The internal load of each satellite can be divided into the following two types according to different functions:
(1) exchanging load: for enabling loads within distributed constellations and interconnections with other distributed constellations and ground facilities. The switching payload is divided into an analog switching payload and a digital switching payload.
(2) And (3) service load: loads for performing specific functions, such as reconnaissance, imaging, etc. The traffic load is divided into analog domain traffic load (such as antenna, radio frequency, etc.) and digital domain traffic load (such as signal processor, etc.).
The switching architecture of the switching satellite is shown in fig. 3. Considering that optical switching has good SWaP performance, the embodiment of the invention realizes analog domain switching by adopting a microwave photonics mode. The optical domain exchange completes the analog domain exchange of the inter-satellite links 1-N-1 and the inter-constellation laser links and the microwave links. When the inter-satellite link is a microwave link, a photoelectric conversion module needs to be configured to realize the access of the microwave link to the optical domain for switching. The services needing digital domain switching are sent to the reconfigurable digital domain for switching through the M-path photoelectric conversion, and the services are switched in the digital domain. The digital domain switching of the invention adopts a reconfigurable platform to realize packet switching and sub-band switching, and the capacity between the two types of switching is dynamically adjusted through reconfiguration.
The analog service load of the switching satellite is accessed into the optical domain for switching to realize interconnection between the analog service load of the switching satellite and the analog service loads of other satellites, and the digital service load is accessed into the reconfigurable digital domain for switching to realize that the digital service load of the switching satellite provides service for the loads of other satellites.
The switching architecture of the mission satellite is shown in fig. 4. The switching payload (dashed line in left part) comprises both the optical domain switching and the digital domain switching. The optical domain switching realizes the analog domain switching of the analog links 1-N-1 among the satellites in the group. When the inter-satellite link is a microwave link, a photoelectric conversion module needs to be configured to realize the access of the microwave link to the optical domain for switching. For services needing digital domain interconnection, the interconnection between the service load of a task satellite and the service loads of other satellites is realized by accessing the intersatellite link service load of a switching satellite into optical domain switching.
The embodiments described above will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
This example considers a distributed constellation of 5 satellites co-located in high orbit. As shown in FIG. 5, the 5 satellites include two switching satellites S1、S2And three mission satellites T1、T2、T3The intra-cluster inter-satellite link is realized by adopting a microwave link, the inter-cluster interconnection is realized among the clusters through inter-cluster laser links (1 and 2), and the distributed clusters realize high-speed ground communication through the inter-satellite laser links.
S1The switching architecture of (2) is shown in fig. 6. And the optical domain exchange completes the analog domain exchange of the inter-satellite links 1-4, the inter-constellation laser links 1 and the satellite-ground laser links. The services needing digital domain switching are sent to the reconfigurable digital domain for switching through 8-path photoelectric conversion, and the services are switched in the digital domain. S2Switching fabric and S1The difference of the switching structure lies in S2Only the inter-group laser link 2 is connected.
Mission satellite (T)1、T2、T3) The switching architecture of (2) is shown in fig. 7. The optical domain switching realizes the analog domain switching of the inter-satellite links 1-4 in the group. For services needing digital domain interconnection, the interconnection between the service load of a task satellite and the service loads of other satellites is realized by accessing the intersatellite link service load of a switching satellite into optical domain switching.
The embodiment of the invention combines the intra-constellation network topology design and the single-satellite load design to form a distributed constellation system, logically divides the inter-satellite link into an analog inter-satellite link and a digital inter-satellite link, and realizes the centerless topology of an analog domain by configuring analog exchange load on each satellite in the constellation; the double-center topology of a digital domain is realized by configuring reconfigurable digital switching loads on two switching satellites; the method adopts a microwave photonics mode to realize analog domain exchange, reduces the weight and the volume of the analog domain exchange, and provides beam/wavelength-level exchange granularity for the distributed constellation; and a reconfigurable platform is adopted to realize digital domain switching, dynamically adjust the capacity of sub-band switching and packet switching, and provide dynamically adjustable sub-band and packet switching granularity for the distributed constellation.
The intra-group mixed topology structure applicable to the distributed constellation system provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following advantages: the non-center topological structure of the analog domain realizes one-hop interconnection of high-capacity data and improves the topological reliability; the double-center topological structure of the digital domain realizes the interconnection of two task satellites, reduces the capacity pressure of the switching satellite and improves the topological reliability; the weight and the volume of the analog domain switching equipment are reduced by realizing the analog domain switching in the optical domain; the capacity of subband switching and packet switching is dynamically adjusted by adopting a reconfigurable platform, and flexible and variable switching granularity is provided for the distributed constellation.
Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications, additions and substitutions are possible, and the scope of the invention should not be limited to the embodiments described above.
Claims (6)
1. A distributed constellation system, comprising:
m switching satellites and N mission satellites;
an inter-satellite analog link and an inter-satellite digital link are arranged between each task satellite and each exchange satellite, an inter-satellite analog link is arranged between each task satellite and each of the other N-1 task satellites, and an inter-satellite analog link and an inter-satellite digital link are arranged between each exchange satellite and each of the other M-1 exchange satellites; m and N are integers greater than or equal to 2, and the switching satellite comprises: the device comprises a first optical domain switching device, P first photoelectric conversion modules, a reconfigurable digital domain switching device, a first analog service load and a first digital service load; the first optical domain switching device is connected with the P first photoelectric conversion modules respectively, and the P first photoelectric conversion modules are connected with the reconfigurable digital domain switching device respectively; the first analog service load is connected with the first optical domain switching device, the first analog service load is connected with the first digital service load, and the first digital service load is connected with the reconfigurable digital domain switching device; the first photoelectric conversion module is used for converting the optical signal from the first optical domain switching device into an electric signal; p is an integer greater than or equal to 1.
2. The distributed constellation system as set forth in claim 1, wherein the switch satellite further comprises:
q second photoelectric conversion modules; the Q second photoelectric conversion modules are respectively connected with the first optical domain switching device and used for converting received microwave signals from satellites of the same distributed constellation system into optical signals; q is an integer greater than or equal to 2.
3. The distributed constellation system as in claim 1 or 2, wherein the switch satellite further comprises:
and the third photoelectric conversion module is connected with the first optical domain switching device and used for converting the received microwave signals from different distributed constellation systems into optical signals.
4. The distributed constellation system as set forth in claim 1, wherein the mission satellites include:
the second optical domain switching device, a second analog service load and a second digital service load;
wherein the second analog traffic load is connected to the second optical domain switching device, and the second analog traffic load is connected to the second digital traffic load.
5. The distributed constellation system as set forth in claim 4, wherein the mission satellite further comprises:
s fourth photoelectric conversion modules; the S fourth photoelectric conversion modules are respectively connected with the second optical domain switching device and used for converting received microwave signals from satellites of the same distributed constellation system into optical signals; s is an integer greater than or equal to 2.
6. An information system, comprising:
a distributed constellation system and terrestrial communications system as claimed in any one or more of claims 1 to 5.
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| CN113489526B (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2023-01-03 | 上海卫星工程研究所 | Distributed autonomous task planning information synchronization system suitable for ring network constellation |
| CN114024798B (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-08-05 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Satellite-borne microwave photoelectric hybrid communication and exchange integrated system and method |
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