CN108879723B - Method for determining type and main participation area of internal resonance of offshore wind power plant - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for determining the type and main participating area of internal resonance of an offshore wind farm. The invention aims to provide more accurate reference for the inhibition of the resonance mode and improve the accuracy of the resonance inhibition. The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: s01, analyzing the structure of the offshore wind farm, and determining N key nodes, wherein the key nodes are selected from installation nodes of main elements in the offshore wind farm, and N is more than or equal to 3; s02, calculating the input harmonic impedance of the key node by adopting a frequency scanning method; s03, analyzing the frequency characteristics of the harmonic impedance, and determining the resonant frequency of each key node; s04, determining the resonant frequency, constructing a node admittance matrix corresponding to the resonant frequency, and calculating a characteristic value of the node admittance matrix; s05, selecting the minimum eigenvalue in the eigenvalues obtained by the calculation in the step S04, and calculating the left and right eigenvectors of the minimum eigenvalue; and S06, determining the type of the resonance mode and the main participation area according to the mode vector and the interaction matrix.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for determining the type and main participating area of internal resonance of an offshore wind farm. The method is suitable for the technical field of new energy grid connection of the power system.
Background
In recent years, with global energy shortage and requirements for environmental protection, various forms of renewable energy industries have developed rapidly, and particularly, the wind power industry is popular with governments and enterprises in various countries due to its unique natural advantages (cleanliness, universality, etc.). Since China introduces wind power generation equipment from abroad from the 80 s, the wind power industry develops rapidly in China due to wide territories, rich wind power resources and government importance on new energy construction, and 1.54 hundred million kilowatts of wind power are accumulated in China as early as 2017, which is the first world at the end of 6 months. With the large-scale development of wind power, the development of offshore wind power gradually draws attention of governments and enterprises and develops rapidly in consideration of abundant offshore wind resources, relatively stable wind speed, high electricity generation utilization hours, no land occupation problem and small influence on ecological environment.
However, with the large-scale construction of wind power plants, a large number of wind power devices are connected to a power grid, and the proportion of wind power in the power grid is increased, so that many problems are brought, such as the reactive power and voltage stability problem of a system, the active power fluctuation and frequency stability problem, the impact of the transient process of a wind turbine generator on the system, harmonic resonance caused by a switching device and the like. The harmonic resonance problem of the wind power plant caused by a cable distributed capacitor, a reactive compensation device, a switching device in a wind generating set and the like is paid special attention by a plurality of experts and scholars, and the phenomenon that the harmonic resonance of the wind power plant threatens the normal operation of a power grid is also found in the actual operation, for example, a certain wind power plant in Mongolia in 2008 causes large-area grid disconnection of the operating unit due to the harmonic problem; in 2008, a certain wind power plant in the Henan of; in the wind power plant in Guangdong of 4 months in 2013, the wind power generator cannot normally operate under certain working conditions due to 14-order harmonic resonance.
Because offshore wind power is mostly transmitted by adopting a long-distance submarine cable, larger capacitance distributed to the ground exists, and a power grid is generally inductive, so that the resonance problem of a wind power plant and the power grid is more easily caused, and in addition, harmonic waves generated by a switching device and the influence of nonlinear elements in the wind power plant can seriously threaten the normal operation of the offshore wind power.
At present, most researches on the harmonic resonance problem of an offshore wind farm are focused on determining a resonance mode, a frequency scanning method is the most common method, but most researches only scan the input impedance of a fan grid-connected point, and the frequency scanning method of a single node has inherent limitation and cannot completely scan all the existing resonance modes of a system, so that the method has certain limitation. In addition, some studies have proposed sensitivity analysis of the resonant mode or sensitivity analysis to study the element parameters and the influence on the resonant mode, so as to suppress the resonant mode in the wind farm, but this method is only applicable to a small system, and for a system with a large number of nodes, the element parameters are numerous, the sensitivity of all the parameters is analyzed, the calculation amount is large, and the efficiency is low, so it is necessary to study the type and the main participating area of the resonant mode, and further provide a reference for suppressing the resonant mode.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: aiming at the existing problems, a method for determining the type and the main participating area of the internal resonance of the offshore wind farm more comprehensively and more efficiently is provided, so that more accurate reference is provided for the inhibition of the resonance mode, and the accuracy of the resonance inhibition is improved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for determining the type and the main participating area of internal resonance of an offshore wind farm is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s01, analyzing the structure of the offshore wind farm, and determining N key nodes, wherein the key nodes are selected from installation nodes of main elements in the offshore wind farm, and N is more than or equal to 3;
carrying out harmonic impedance modeling on main elements in the offshore wind farm, and establishing a harmonic impedance model of the main elements; establishing a node admittance matrix of the offshore wind farm according to the harmonic impedance model of the main element;
s02, calculating the input harmonic impedance of the key node by adopting a frequency scanning method;
s03, analyzing the frequency characteristics of the harmonic impedance, and determining the resonant frequency of each key node; taking the union of the resonant frequencies scanned by the N key nodes as the total resonant frequency in the offshore wind farm;
s04, determining a resonant frequency with a nearby resonant mode according to the total resonant frequency in the offshore wind farm, constructing a node admittance matrix corresponding to the resonant frequency according to the determined resonant frequency, and calculating a characteristic value of the node admittance matrix;
s05, selecting the minimum eigenvalue of the eigenvalues calculated in the step S04, calculating the left eigenvector and the right eigenvector of the minimum eigenvalue, and calculating the mode vector and the interaction matrix of each key node voltage under the resonance frequency according to the left eigenvector and the right eigenvector;
and S06, determining the type of the resonance mode and the main participation area according to the mode vector and the interaction matrix.
In step S05, the mode shape vector is the right eigenvector, and the interaction matrix is a product matrix of the right eigenvector and the left eigenvector.
Step S06 includes:
if the phases of all elements of the vibration mode vector are close to the same phase, the resonance mode is a node-to-ground resonance mode; if two elements or two groups of elements with completely opposite phases exist in the vibration mode vector, the resonance mode is a node-to-node resonance mode;
and determining the main participating area of the resonance mode according to the elements of the interaction matrix, the elements of which are more than a preset value alpha%.
The predetermined value alpha% is 10%.
Step S03 includes taking the harmonic impedance peak point corresponding to the frequency as the resonance frequency point.
The key nodes mainly comprise an offshore wind turbine generator outlet node, a medium-voltage collecting line collection node of an offshore wind turbine generator, an installation node of dynamic reactive power compensation equipment, an offshore booster station outlet node and a land substation access point.
The main components comprise a double-fed fan, a cable, a main transformer and a power grid; the harmonic impedance model includes:
1) harmonic impedance model of the doubly-fed wind turbine:
wherein S ishRepresenting harmonic slip, ωsAt stator fundamental angular frequency, ωrIs the angular frequency of the rotor speed, h is the harmonic frequency;
Zrsc(h)＝Hr(j(h-1)ωs)-jKdr
wherein Z isrsc(h) Representing the harmonic impedance of the rotor-side converter, Hr(s) is the transfer function of the inner ring controller of the rotor-side converter, KdrCoupling compensation coefficients of the rotor-side converter;
Zgsc(h)＝Hg(j(h-1)ωs)-jKdg
wherein Z isgsc(h) Representing the harmonic impedance of the grid-side converter, Hg(s) is the transfer function of the inner loop controller of the grid-side converter, KdgCoupling compensation coefficients of the grid-side converter;
2) harmonic impedance model of the cable:
wherein Z isSeries,hRepresenting the series harmonic impedance, Y, of the cableShunt,hRepresenting the parallel harmonic admittance, R, of the cablef0Representing the fundamental resistance, X, of the cable per unit lengthf0Representing the fundamental reactance of the cable per unit length, Bf0The fundamental susceptance of a unit length of cable is represented; l represents the length of the cable;
3) harmonic impedance model of main transformer:
the main transformer harmonic impedance adopts a pi-shaped equivalent circuit model;
4) harmonic impedance model of the grid:
the harmonic impedance of the power grid is simulated by using a reactance, and the reactance value of the harmonic impedance is equal to the converted value of the short-circuit capacity of the power grid.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the method, the resonance modes existing in the offshore wind farm are collected through frequency scanning of a plurality of key nodes, compared with the frequency scanning of a single node, the scanned resonance modes are more complete, meanwhile, the time consumed by frequency scanning of the nodes of the whole network is avoided, and the scanning efficiency is improved.
According to the method, the vibration mode vectors and the interaction matrix of each node in the resonance mode are calculated through characteristic value analysis, and the type and the main participating area of the resonance mode are determined, so that more accurate reference is provided for inhibition of the resonance mode, blindness of inhibition measures is avoided, and accuracy and working efficiency of resonance inhibition are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a simplified 6-node system of an offshore wind farm in an embodiment.
FIG. 3 is an equivalent circuit diagram of harmonic impedance of the doubly-fed wind turbine generator in the embodiment.
Fig. 4 is an equivalent circuit diagram of harmonic impedance of the medium voltage cable in the embodiment.
FIG. 5 is an equivalent circuit diagram of harmonic impedance of the main transformer in the embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the frequency scanning result of the input impedance of node 1 in the example.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the frequency scanning result of the input impedance of node No. 2 in the example.
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the frequency scanning result of the input impedance of node No. 3 in the example.
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the frequency scanning result of the input impedance of node No. 6 in the example.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment is a method for determining the type and the main participating area of internal resonance of an offshore wind farm, and includes the following steps:
s01, analyzing the structure of the offshore wind farm, and determining N key nodes, wherein the key nodes are selected from installation nodes of main elements in the offshore wind farm, and N is more than or equal to 3; the system mainly comprises an offshore wind turbine generator outlet node, a medium-voltage collecting line collection node of an offshore wind turbine generator, a dynamic reactive power compensation equipment installation node, an offshore booster station outlet node and a land substation (centralized control center) access point.
Carrying out harmonic impedance modeling on main elements in the offshore wind farm, and establishing a harmonic impedance model of the main elements, including a harmonic impedance model Z of the wind turbinewtg(h) Harmonic impedance model Z of medium-voltage current collection line cablecable(h) Harmonic impedance model Z of main transformertransformer(h) Tuning of dynamic reactive power compensation equipmentWave impedance model Zsvg(h) And so on.
And establishing a node admittance matrix Y (h) of the offshore wind farm according to the harmonic impedance model of the main elements, wherein Y (h) V (h) I (h) is satisfied.
S02, calculating the input impedance of the key node
The input harmonic impedance expression of the key node k is Zk(h)＝Y(h)-1Ik(h) The input harmonic impedance Z of the key node k is subjected to frequency scanningk(h) And (6) performing calculation.
And S03, analyzing the frequency characteristics of the harmonic impedance, and determining the resonant frequency of each key node. Determining the resonant frequency point by taking the corresponding frequency of the impedance peak point as the resonant frequency point, namely Zk(fresonance-Δf)＜Zk(fresonance)＜Zk(fresonance+ Δ f), and finally taking the union of the resonant frequencies scanned by all the N key nodes as the total resonant frequency existing in the wind power plant, namely
fresonance_total＝fresonance_1∩fresonance_k∩…∩fresonance_N。
S04, determining a resonant frequency with a nearby resonant mode according to the total resonant frequency in the offshore wind farm, and constructing a node admittance matrix Y (f) corresponding to the resonant frequency according to the determined resonant frequencyresonance) And calculates its eigenvalue λ.
S05, sorting the eigenvalues lambda obtained by calculation in the step S04 according to the absolute value, and taking the minimum absolute value as the minimum eigenvalue lambdaminCalculating the minimum eigenvalue lambdaminLeft and right feature vectors L ofresonace、RresonaceThe calculation formula is LresonanceY(fresonance)＝λminLresonance，Y(fresonance)Rresonance＝λminRresonance。
According to the left and right eigenvectors Lresonace、RresonaceCalculate theVibration mode vector V of each key node voltage under resonant frequencyresonance_typeAnd interaction matrix Minfluence. Taking the right eigenvector as the mode shape vector V of each node voltage of the wind power plant in the resonant moderesonance_type＝Rresonance(ii) a Taking a product matrix of the right eigenvector and the left eigenvector as an interaction matrix of the resonance mode, and calculating the formula as Minfluence＝Rresonance·Lresonance。
S06, according to the vibration mode vector Vresonance_typeDetermining the type of the resonance mode, wherein if the phases of all elements of the mode vector are close to the same phase, the resonance mode is a node-to-ground resonance mode; if two elements or two groups of elements with completely opposite phases exist in the mode shape vector, the resonant mode is a resonant mode of the node pair node. According to an interaction matrix MinfluenceThe elements with the number of elements larger than 10% determine the main participating area of the resonance mode.
In this embodiment, a simplified 6-node system of a certain offshore double-fed wind farm is taken as an example (as shown in fig. 3, main components include a double-fed wind turbine, a cable, a main transformer, and a power grid), a resonance mode existing inside the offshore wind farm is analyzed, and the type of the resonance mode and a main participating area are determined.
1.1 selection of key nodes of offshore wind farm
The key nodes are generally installation nodes of main elements of the offshore wind farm, and as can be seen from fig. 3, the key nodes can be selected from nodes No. 1, No. 2, No. 3 and No. 6, wherein the nodes No. 1 and No. 2 are fan access points, the node No. 3 is a wind power output collection point, and the node No. 6 is a wind power grid connection point.
1.2 harmonic impedance model of main elements of offshore wind farm
a. Harmonic impedance model of doubly-fed fan
The harmonic impedance of the doubly-fed wind turbine is shown in fig. 4, where R isr’、Xr' denotes rotor winding resistance, leakage reactance, Rs、XsRepresenting stator winding resistance, leakage reactance, XmIndicating field currentResisting; shThe harmonic slip is expressed, and the expression is shown as formula (1); zrsc(h) The harmonic impedance of the rotor-side converter is represented by the formula (2); zgsc(h) Represents the harmonic impedance of the grid-side converter, and the expression thereof is as formula (3).
Wherein, ω issAt stator fundamental angular frequency, ωrIs the rotor speed angular frequency, and h is the harmonic order.
Zrsc(h)＝Hr(j(h-1)ωs)-jKdr (2)
Wherein Hr(s) is the transfer function of the inner ring controller of the rotor-side converter, KdrThe coupling compensation coefficient of the rotor-side converter.
Zgsc(h)＝Hg(j(h-1)ωs)-jKdg (3)
Wherein Hg(s) is the transfer function of the inner loop controller of the grid-side converter, KdgAnd the coupling compensation coefficient of the grid-side converter.
b. Harmonic impedance model of cable
The cable adopts a distributed parameter model and considers the skin effect of the resistance, and the equivalent circuit diagram is shown in figure 5, wherein ZSeries,hRepresenting the series harmonic impedance, Y, of the cableShunt,hThe parallel harmonic admittance of the cable is shown, and the expression is shown as formula (4).
Wherein R isf0Representing the fundamental resistance, X, of the cable per unit lengthf0Representing the fundamental reactance of the cable per unit length, Bf0The fundamental susceptance of a unit length of cable is represented; l denotes the length of the cable.
c. Harmonic impedance model of main transformer
The harmonic impedance of main transformer adoptsPi-type equivalent circuit model, as shown in FIG. 6, where RT、LTRespectively representing fundamental wave resistance and inductance of the transformer; k represents the nonstandard transformation ratio of the transformer; f (h) represents the skin effect function of the transformer resistance.
d. Harmonic impedance model of an electrical network
The harmonic impedance of the power grid is simulated by using a reactance, and the reactance value of the harmonic impedance is equal to the converted value of the short-circuit capacity of the power grid.
2. The frequency scanning result of the input impedance of the node 1 is shown in fig. 6, the frequency scanning result of the input impedance of the node 2 is shown in fig. 7, the frequency scanning result of the input impedance of the node 3 is shown in fig. 8, and the frequency scanning result of the input impedance of the node 6 is shown in fig. 9, and by combining fig. 7, fig. 8 and fig. 9, it can be seen that if the scanning is performed only from the node 1 and the node 3, the scanned resonant mode is really incomplete and has certain limitation, and on the other hand, the necessity and reliability of the multi-key-node scanning are explained.
3. Summarizing the scanning results of the input impedance of the nodes No. 1, No. 2, No. 3 and No. 6, the offshore wind farm can be found to have resonance modes around the harmonic frequency of 4 th order and the harmonic frequency of 19 th order.
4. According to the analysis result of 3, since even harmonic sources rarely exist in the power system, a 19 th harmonic resonance mode is selected for subsequent analysis. And establishing a node admittance matrix at the frequency of 19 subharmonics, and calculating the characteristic value of the node admittance matrix.
5. The minimum absolute value of the characteristic values is 0.0085+ j0.0213, and the left and right characteristic vectors are calculated to obtain the vibration mode vector and the interaction matrix.
6. The mode phases of the No. 2 and No. 4 node voltages are about-27 degrees, the mode phases of the No. 1 and No. 3 node voltages are about 39 degrees, and the mode phases of the No. 5 and No. 6 node voltages are about-177 degrees, so that two groups of node voltage modes with completely opposite phases are formed approximately, and the resonant mode is the resonant mode of the No. 1, No. 2, No. 3 and No. 4 node pairs to the No. 5 and No. 6 nodes.
In addition, through analysis of the interaction matrix, it is found that the elements (arranged from large to small) with the absolute value of the elements larger than 10% mainly have a self-action corresponding element of the No. 5 node to the No. 5 node, an interaction corresponding element of the No. 5 node to the No. 6 node, an interaction corresponding element of the No. 5 node to the No. 4 node, and an interaction corresponding element of the No. 5 node to the No. 2 node. When suppressing the resonance mode, the element parameters of the region should be adjusted in focus.
Claims (1)
1. A method for determining the type and the main participating area of internal resonance of an offshore wind farm is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s01, analyzing the structure of the offshore wind farm, and determining N key nodes, wherein the key nodes are selected from installation nodes of main elements in the offshore wind farm, and N is more than or equal to 3; the system mainly comprises an offshore wind turbine generator outlet node, a medium-voltage collecting line collection node of an offshore wind turbine generator, a mounting node of dynamic reactive power compensation equipment, an offshore booster station outlet node and a land transformer substation access point;
carrying out harmonic impedance modeling on main elements in the offshore wind farm, and establishing a harmonic impedance model of the main elements;
establishing a node admittance matrix Y (h) of the offshore wind farm according to a harmonic impedance model of the main element, and meeting Y (h) V (h) I (h);
s02, calculating the input impedance of the key node
The input harmonic impedance expression of the key node k is Zk(h)＝Y(h)-1Ik(h) The input harmonic impedance Z of the key node k is subjected to frequency scanningk(h) Calculating;
s03, analyzing the frequency characteristics of the harmonic impedance, and determining the resonant frequency of each key node; determining the resonant frequency point by taking the corresponding frequency of the impedance peak point as the resonant frequency point, namely Zk(fresonance-Δf)＜Zk(fresonance)＜Zk(fresonance+ Δ f), and finally taking the union of the resonant frequencies scanned by all the N key nodes as the total resonant frequency existing in the wind power plant, namely
fresonance_total＝fresonance_1∩fresonance_k∩…∩fresonance_N；
S04, determining a resonant frequency with a nearby resonant mode according to the total resonant frequency in the offshore wind farm, and constructing a node admittance matrix Y (f) corresponding to the resonant frequency according to the determined resonant frequencyresonance) And calculating the characteristic value lambda of the sample;
s05, sorting the eigenvalues lambda obtained by calculation in the step S04 according to the absolute value, and taking the minimum absolute value as the minimum eigenvalue lambdaminCalculating the minimum eigenvalue lambdaminLeft and right feature vectors L ofresonace、RresonaceThe calculation formula is LresonanceY(fresonance)＝λminLresonance，Y(fresonance)Rresonance＝λminRresonance；
According to the left and right eigenvectors Lresonace、RresonaceCalculating the vibration mode vector V of each key node voltage under the resonance frequencyresonance_typeAnd interaction matrix Minfluence(ii) a Taking the right eigenvector as the mode shape vector V of each node voltage of the wind power plant in the resonant moderesonance_type＝Rresonance(ii) a Taking a product matrix of the right eigenvector and the left eigenvector as an interaction matrix of the resonance mode, and calculating the formula as Minfluence＝Rresonance·Lresonance；
S06, according to the vibration mode vector Vresonance_typeDetermining the type of the resonance mode, wherein if the phases of all elements of the mode vector are close to the same phase, the resonance mode is a node-to-ground resonance mode; if two elements or two groups of elements with completely opposite phases exist in the vibration mode vector, the resonance mode is a node-to-node resonance mode; according to an interaction matrix MinfluenceThe elements with the number of elements larger than 10% determine the main participating area of the resonance mode.
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