CN108877817A - A kind of encoding scheme of audio collecting device and the panorama sound based on this device - Google Patents
A kind of encoding scheme of audio collecting device and the panorama sound based on this device Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L19/00—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis
- G10L19/008—Multichannel audio signal coding or decoding using interchannel correlation to reduce redundancy, e.g. joint-stereo, intensity-coding or matrixing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
- H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
- H04R1/40—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by combining a number of identical transducers
- H04R1/406—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by combining a number of identical transducers microphones
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of audio collecting device and the encoding scheme of the panorama sound based on this device, the audio collecting device include:Rigid sphere and several microphones, several microphones are divided at least two layers, and every layer of microphone is equably arranged;Wherein, every layer at least there are two the microphone, and the plane where microphone described in adjacent two layers is parallel to each other.Technical solution of the present invention is intended to effectively retain original sound field information, when decoding broadcasting, can reappear sound field information, effectively to enhance the listening experience of listener;It is a further objective that providing for processing and encoded spatial audio data, the recording of panorama sound is made to become more simple to operation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to panorama camera Audiotechnica field, in particular to a kind of audio collecting device and based on this device
The encoding scheme of panorama sound.
Background technique
Panorama audio-video is a kind of to carry out comprehensive 360 degree of audio/video multimedias shot with 3D video camera and mic
File, user can arbitrarily adjust video and be watched up and down when watching video.Panoramic video equipment usually makes
Used in the production etc. of VR virtual reality content, also there is the case where applying to tourism exhibition or city introduction etc..It is existing
VR (virtual reality) video in stage largely only has panoramic video, and without panorama audio.
For audio present in present VR technology without orientation effect, the problems such as audio-video orientation is asynchronous;Existing record
Mode processed there are the problem of:1, monophonic, two-channel can effectively record the acoustic information of sound field, but cannot effectively record
The audio azimuth information of sound field, especially when cooperating VR (virtual reality technology) video playing, the audio of 2,5.1,7.1 sound channels
It records, the azimuth information of sound field audio can be recorded, but cooperate VR video when broadcasting, audio azimuth information cannot be with video
It artificially drags and rotates audio orientation.3, with multiple single channel signals by way of post-production, encode the panorama sound of generation
Audio, when the method cooperates panoramic video to use, although the audio orientation effect of audio can be generated, sound is the later period
The audio of production cannot really restore the sound field information for recording environment, and operating process is more complicated.
For prior art, there are problems, it is necessary to propose the new technical solution of one kind to solve.
Summary of the invention
The main object of the present invention is to propose the encoding scheme of a kind of audio collecting device and the panorama sound based on this device,
It is intended to effectively retain original sound field information, when decoding broadcasting, can effectively reappear sound field information, listened to enhancing
The listening experience of person;It is a further objective that providing for processing and encoded spatial audio data, become the recording of panorama sound
It obtains more simple to operation.
To achieve the above object, a kind of audio collecting device proposed by the present invention, including:Rigid sphere and several Mikes
Wind, several microphones are divided at least two layers, and every layer of microphone is equably arranged;Wherein, every layer at least there are two
The microphone, the plane where microphone described in adjacent two layers are parallel to each other.
Preferably, microphone described in several layers is symmetrical along the equatorial line of the rigid spherome surface, every layer of wheat
Gram wind is equably along the latitude line distribution of the rigid sphere, and meridian locating for the microphone of adjacent two layers is different.
Preferably, the diameter of the rigid sphere is 16~22 centimetres.
It preferably, include 32,64 or 128 microphones.
Preferably, several microphones are divided into 4 layers.
Preferably, include 64 microphones, and be divided into 4 layers, adjacent two layers institute in each layer microphone
Warp where stating microphone differs 22.5 degree.
Preferably, the rigid sphere is made of metal material.
The present invention also proposes a kind of encoding scheme of panorama sound based on above-mentioned any device, and steps are as follows:
Audio signal is acquired using the audio collecting device first, i.e., records the hardness by several microphones
The sound field information of sphere spherical surface;
The spheric harmonic function for carrying out different rank according to spheric harmonic function decomposition formula to the collected audio signal is decomposed
Coded treatment;
The encapsulation of reference format is carried out to the audio signal handled well;
The hamonic function decomposition formula is as follows:
Wherein:F (r, θ, φ:K) audio signal received for annular microphone,
a:It is unable to the spherical harmonic coefficient obtained under order,
b:For Bessel function,
p:Legendre function,
h:The number of every layer of microphone,
N:The stage number of maximum spheric harmonic function,
It is (flat with rigid sphere equator place for the angle radian value of each microphone and ball centre line and Z axis
Face is horizontal plane, and the direction perpendicular to equator is Z axis);
θ:For each microphone spherome surface longitude,
n:Time (n=1,2,3 ...) of spheric harmonic function
m:The rank (m=0, ± 1, ± 2, ± 3 ... ± n) of spheric harmonic function,
i:Plural number,
r:Radius of sphericity,
c:For the velocity of sound,
fs:For sample frequency.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:The complexity for reducing the production of panorama sound, is panorama audio
It is simpler with the production of video, it is easier to realize.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
Some embodiments of invention for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can be with
The structure shown according to these attached drawings obtains other attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the scheme of installation of microphone in the present invention;
The embodiments will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings for the realization, the function and the advantages of the object of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
It, can be effective the invention proposes a kind of audio collecting device and the encoding scheme of the panorama sound based on this device
Retain original sound field information, when decoding broadcasting, can effectively reappear sound field information.To enhance the listening experience of listener.
Further aim of the present invention is to provide for processing and encoded spatial audio data, and the recording of panorama sound is made to become simpler
It is easy to operate.
A kind of audio collecting device that the present embodiment proposes, including:Rigid sphere and several microphones, several microphones are equal
It is divided at least two layers, and is evenly distributed in the surface of rigid sphere;Every layer of microphone is equably arranged;Wherein, every layer at least
There are two microphone, the plane where adjacent two layers microphone is parallel to each other.
In the present embodiment, several layers microphone is symmetrical along the equatorial line of rigid spherome surface, and every layer of microphone is equal
It is distributed evenly along the latitude line of rigid sphere, and meridian locating for the microphone of adjacent two layers is different.
In the present embodiment, the diameter of rigid sphere is 16~22 centimetres.In order to approach the size of human body head, design
Diameter meets human feeling.
It in the present embodiment, include 32,64 or 128 microphones.The rigid equally distributed microphone of spherome surface is got over
More, the comprehensive effect to quiet down is made an appointment.
In the present embodiment, several microphones are divided into 4 layers.
In the present embodiment, include 64 microphones, and be divided into 4 layers.Wherein, adjacent two in each layer of microphone
Warp where a microphone differs 22.5 degree;In adjacent bilevel microphone, it is opposite to be located at same vertical direction
Meridian differs 11.25 degree between two microphones up and down answered, and the effect that can make to quiet down is arranged in this way and reaches intimate optimum efficiency.
In the present embodiment, rigid sphere is made of metal material.
The present invention also proposes a kind of encoding scheme of panorama sound based on above-mentioned any device, and steps are as follows:
Audio signal is acquired using audio collecting device first, i.e., records the sound of rigid sphere spherical surface by several microphones
Field information;
The spheric harmonic function for carrying out different rank according to spheric harmonic function decomposition formula to collected audio signal decomposes coding
Processing;
The encapsulation of reference format is carried out to the audio signal handled well;
Hamonic function decomposition formula is as follows:
Wherein:F (r, θ, φ:K) audio signal received for microphone,
a:It is unable to the spherical harmonic coefficient obtained under order,
b:For Bessel function,
p:Legendre function,
h:The number of every layer of microphone,
N:The stage number of maximum spheric harmonic function,
It is (flat with rigid sphere equator place for the angle radian value of each microphone and ball centre line and Z axis
Face is horizontal plane, and the direction perpendicular to equator is Z axis);
θ:For each microphone spherome surface longitude,
n:Time (n=1,2,3 ...) of spheric harmonic function
m:The rank (m=0, ± 1, ± 2, ± 3 ... ± n) of spheric harmonic function,
i:Plural number,
r:Radius of sphericity,
c:For the velocity of sound,
fs:For sample frequency.
Embodiment, as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, ball centre point O, rigid sphere 100, microphone 200, equatorial line 300, sound
Frequency acquisition device is the metal hardness sphere 100 that diameter is 19 centimetres (simulation normal adult head sizes), with rigid sphere
100 equatorial line, 300 place plane is horizontal plane, and upward direction vertical with 300 place face of equatorial line is Z axis positive direction, by 64
A microphone 200 is divided into 4 layers, every part all circularize it is impartial be distributed in ball surface, i.e., the microphone 200 of same layer is in sphere
On latitude be the same;Each layer and the angle of Z axis upward direction are respectively from top to bottom:53.30 degree, 78.39
To spend,101.61 to spend,126.70 degree of (36.70 degree of north latitude, 11.61 degree of north latitude, 11.61 degree of south latitudes, south latitude 36.70
Degree), it is that benchmark latitude is symmetrical with equatorial line 300.Meridian difference between the two neighboring microphone 200 of same layer is 22.5
It spends, i.e. the line of the central point of the microphone 200 and place flat circle of same layer, the angle between adjacent two lines is 22.5
Degree.And in adjacent two layers microphone 200, corresponding two microphones, 200 longitude difference is 11.25 degree.Based on this mode point
200 array of cloth microphone is acquired ambient sound.
The spheric harmonic function that collected audio signal carries out different rank according to spheric harmonic function decomposition formula is decomposed into coding
Processing.
Ambisonic panorama sound audio refers to the audio of the information-related data of the orientative feature comprising sound in sound field.
There are special stored in file format, and the panorama sound file of the different available different file formats of encoding scheme, has not
With the audio track of quantity, and different interpretations is needed to reproduce showed sound.Such as Ambisonic single order B-format lattice
Formula and high-order Ambisonic (HOA) format.In single order B-format format, sound field information is encoded into four sound channels, usually
Labeled as W, X, Y and Z, wherein W sound channel represents omnidirectional signal grade, and X, Y and Z sound channel represent the durection component in three-dimensional.HOA lattice
Formula uses more sound channels, this can produce the area Geng great Tian (that is, user hears the region for basically reaching expected sound), and
More accurate sound field is generated at higher frequency to reproduce.SoundField microphones 200 can be used to pass through live recording for Ambisonic data
Creation ambisonic moving three-dimensional sound recording method can be used to mix in recording studio, or be generated by (for example) Games Software.
Its meter for encoding of the coding mode that SoundField microphones 200 can be used create by live recording for Ambisonic data
It is as follows to calculate formula:
Quadractically integrable function f (θ, φ) on arbitrary unit spherical surface can state the linear combination of one group of humorous base of ball as,
fnm:Decomposition constant,
Spheric harmonic function is the solution of ACOUSTIC WAVE EQUATION or helmholtz equation under spherical coordinates, and expression formula is:
In formula:n:Time (n=0,1,2,3 ...) of spheric harmonic function;
m:The rank (m=0, ± 1, ± 2, ± 3 ... ± n) of spheric harmonic function;
i:Plural number,
r:Radius of sphericity,
The associated Legendre function (or association Legendre function) that n rank is m times, expression formula is:
P in formulan(x) become n times Legnedre polynomial, differential expressions are:
bn(kr):For mode amplitude or modal intensity, rigid ball and open type ball are defined as follows:
hn(kr):For first kind n rank ball Hankel function,
jn(kr):For spheric Bessel function,
By (1) formula both sides with multiplied byAnd it is obtained after integrating:
It is decomposed by this formula and the acoustic pressure to spherical surface, the ambisonic audio file of different rank can be obtained.
In the use of formula:
Bring the number of each layer of microphone 200 into parameter h, each microphone 200 has independent longitudeAnd arc
Angle value θ, when calculating, by the microphone 200 of the different location of different layersValue is brought into θ value, and row can be solved at equation group
Obtain corresponding coefficient a.
Encode the calculating process of single order ambisoinc audio file:
Single order ambisoinc audio file is encoded, N=1, m distinguish value 0,1, -1.L layers from top to bottom, by each layer of wheat
The radian value of gram wind 200Value is respectively:53.30,78.39,101.61,126.70 and each layer each Mike
The specific θ value of wind 200, which substitutes into, (to be equal to the coordinate value by each microphone 200 on rigid sphere 100 and substitutes into equation
Formula).
Each stratose goes out independent equation, total 3*L equation, and is combined into equation group, solving equations, can be obtained
Corresponding coefficient a00, a10, a11, a1-1。
By the audio file in obtain four channels, by a00, a1-1, a10And a11Channel sequence, add wavex audio lattice
Formula head, and obtain the single order ambisonic audio file with azimuth information.
Second order ambisoinc audio coding
Encode the calculating process of second order ambisoinc audio file:
When encoding second order ambisoinc audio file, N=2 is taken,
M difference value 0,1, -1,2, -2,
L layers from top to bottom, by the radian value of each layer of microphone 200Value is respectively:53.30,78.39,101.61,
126.70 and the specific θ value substitution of each layer of each microphone 200 (be equal to each microphone 200 hard
Property sphere 100 on coordinate value substitute into equation).
Each stratose goes out independent equation, total 5*L equation, and is combined into equation group, solving equations, can be obtained corresponding
Coefficient a00, a10, a11, a1-1, a20, a21, a2-1, a22。
By the audio file in obtain nine channels, discharged by the sequence of channel as defined in second order ambisoinc audio file
Afterwards, wavex audio format head is added, and obtains the second order ambisonic audio file with azimuth information.
Three rank ambisoinc audio codings
Encode the calculating process of three rank ambisoinc audio files:
As N=3
M distinguishes value 0,1, -1,2, -2,3, -3.
L layers of microphone 200 from top to bottom, by the radian value of each layer of microphone 200Value is respectively:53.30,
78.39,101.61,126.70 and the specific θ value substitution of each layer of each microphone 200 (be equal to each
Coordinate value of the microphone 200 on rigid sphere 100 substitutes into equation).
Each stratose goes out independent equation, total 7*L equation, and is combined into equation group, solving equations, can be obtained corresponding
Coefficient a00, a10, a11, a1-1, a20, a21, a2-1, a22, a30, a3-1, a32, a3-2, a33, a33。
a30
By the audio file in obtain 16 channels, discharged by the sequence of channel as defined in three rank ambisoinc audio files
Afterwards, wavex audio format head is added, and obtains the three rank ambisonic audio files with azimuth information.
The rigid ball that the present invention refers to is the totally-enclosed metal that diameter is 19 centimetres (simulation normal adult head sizes)
Sphere, 64 microphones 200 are divided into 4 parts, the rigid ball surface circlewise put, and record spherical surface sound field information.
To 64 200 array acquisitions of microphone to spherical surface sound field information carry out carry out different rank spheric harmonic function decompose
Coded treatment.The encapsulation of reference format is carried out to audio signal, in order to be made as conventional general format, just with conventional players
It can be carried out broadcasting.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, all to utilize this hair
Equivalent structure or equivalent flow shift made by bright specification and accompanying drawing content is applied directly or indirectly in other relevant skills
Art field, is included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of audio collecting device, which is characterized in that including:Rigid sphere and several microphones, several microphones are equal
It is divided at least two layers, every layer of microphone is equably arranged;Wherein, every layer at least there are two the microphone, adjacent two layers
Plane where the microphone is parallel to each other.
2. audio collecting device as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that microphone described in several layers is along the rigid sphere
The equatorial line on surface is symmetrical, and latitude line of the every layer of microphone equably along the rigid sphere is distributed, and adjacent two
Meridian locating for the microphone of layer is different.
3. audio collecting device as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the diameter of the hardness sphere is 16~22 lis
Rice.
4. audio collecting device as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that include 32,64 or 128 microphones.
5. audio collecting device as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that several microphones are divided into 4 layers.
6. audio collecting device as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that include 64 microphones, and be divided into 4
Layer, the warp in each layer microphone where microphone described in adjacent two layers differs 22.5 degree.
7. the audio collecting device as described in claim 1~6 is any, which is characterized in that the hardness sphere is by metal material
It is made.
8. a kind of encoding scheme of the panorama sound based on device described in above-mentioned 1~6 any one, sign is that steps are as follows:
Audio signal is acquired using the audio collecting device first, i.e., records the rigid sphere by several microphones
The sound field information of spherical surface;
The collected audio signal is decomposed according to the spheric harmonic function that spheric harmonic function decomposition formula carries out different rank again and is compiled
Code processing;
The encapsulation of reference format is finally carried out to the audio signal handled well;
The hamonic function decomposition formula is as follows:
Wherein:F (r, θ, φ:K) audio signal received for microphone,
a:It is unable to the spherical harmonic coefficient obtained under order,
b:For Bessel function,
p:Legendre function,
h:The number of every layer of microphone,
N:The stage number of maximum spheric harmonic function,
For the angle radian value of each microphone and ball centre line and Z axis, (it is with plane where rigid sphere equator
Horizontal plane, the direction perpendicular to equator are Z axis);
θ:For each microphone spherome surface longitude,
n:Time (n=0,1,2,3 ...) of spheric harmonic function
m:The rank (m=0, ± 1, ± 2, ± 3 ... ± n) of spheric harmonic function,
i:Plural number,
r:Radius of sphericity,
c:For the velocity of sound,
fs:For sample frequency.
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