CN108876040A - The multiclass energy of garden energy internet operators is fixed a price and energy management method - Google Patents
The multiclass energy of garden energy internet operators is fixed a price and energy management method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the multiclass energy of garden energy internet operators price and energy management methods, including：Establish the garden energy internet interactive frame comprising energy supplier, garden operator and user agent；Establish garden operator and the leader-followers games model of user agent；It is Mixed integer linear programming by leader-followers games model conversation, and solves.Garden operator can formulate reasonable electric energy, gas energy and/or thermal energy price based on the practical energy supply in garden and the situation that consumes energy, and carry out collaboration optimization in supply side, transmission equipment side and Demand-side, guidance user adjusts the different type demand of energy load；The ability that consumption wind-powered electricity generation in garden is improved using P2G equipment and V2G function can also be combined, promote operator and EV user's income, it reduces electricity/gas/heat user and always purchases energy cost, improve system load characteristic, the on-site elimination rate for improving efficiency of energy utilization and renewable energy power generation on this basis is conducive to promote garden energy management efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to energy internet areas, fix a price more particularly to the multiclass energy of garden energy internet operators
With energy management method.
Background technique
With gradually aggravating for fossil energy crisis and environmental problem, establish more efficiently, safety with it is sustainable
Energy development and the inevitable choice for just becoming future source of energy industry development using mode.Energy internet uses advanced information technology
The various energy resources network depth fusion such as electricity, natural air and heat, traffic is realized with energy trade system, pushes the Efficient Development of the energy
And utilization.In March, 2017, National Energy Board disclose first batch of " internet+" wisdom energy (energy internet) demonstrative project,
In include multiple garden energy internet (Park-level Energy Internet, PEI) project.PEI is typical region
Energy internet, it has also become the principal mode of China's energy internet pilot landing, thus study its energy production and consumption body
System is just of great significance.
Foundation is real with the various energy resources production for the highly effective and safe that renewable energy is main non-renewable energy and using network
The core objective of existing energy internet, the fluctuation and intermittent needs for how handling generated output of renewable energy source solve
Main problem.In recent years, constantly mature electric car is to the reversed power transmission of power grid (Vehicle to Grid, V2G) technology and electricity
Turn gas (Power to Gas, P2G) technology, realizes electric system and electrified intelligent transportation system and natural gas system respectively
Operation with closed ring, for consumption renewable energy power generation provide new solution route.Meanwhile traditional electricity needs response
It is that integration requirement responds (integrated demand response, IDR) that (demand response, DR), which gradually evolves, energy
The means of buret reason are more, more flexible, also more complicated.V2G, P2G and IDR technology are how comprehensively utilized, realizes supply and demand two
Side resource coordinating is complementary, transfers the enthusiasm that user participates in, the macroeconomic and environmental benefit of lifting system operation, are that the energy is mutual
The major issue to require study in networking arenas.
Price is the most critical element in market, using price as the adjustable consumer consumption behavior of economic lever.Specific to energy
Source interconnection net formulates suitable energy pricing strategy, can balance and optimize benefits of different parties, realizes Demand-side flexible dispatching and soft
Property interaction.Up to the present, for including simultaneously V2G and P2G, the PEI of energy resource supply side, transmission equipment side and Demand-side can be cooperateed with
There is not yet research report in terms of middle multiclass energy price and energy management.
Summary of the invention
Based on this, it is necessary to provide multiclass energy price and the energy management side of a kind of garden energy internet operators
Method.
A kind of multiclass energy of garden energy internet operators is fixed a price and energy management method comprising：Foundation includes
The garden energy internet interactive frame of energy supplier, garden operator and user agent；Establish garden operator and user
The leader-followers games model of agency；It is Mixed integer linear programming by leader-followers games model conversation, and solves.
Above-mentioned multiclass energy price and energy management method, garden operator buy required electric energy and day from energy supplier
Right gas can formulate reasonable electric energy, gas energy and thermal energy price based on the practical energy supply in garden and energy consumption situation, in supply side, pass
Defeated side and Demand-side carry out collaboration optimization, and guidance user adjusts the different type demand of energy load；It can also combine and utilize P2G
Equipment and V2G function improve the ability of garden consumption wind-powered electricity generation, promote operator and EV user's income, and it is total to reduce electricity/gas/heat user
Purchase can cost, improve system load characteristic, improve disappearing on the spot for efficiency of energy utilization and renewable energy power generation on this basis
It receives rate, is conducive to promote garden energy management efficiency.
The physical structure of the garden energy internet interactive frame includes multiple-energy-source supply in one of the embodiments,
Structure, multipotency stream coupled structure, polynary energy storing structure and polymorphic type demand structure.
In one of the embodiments, it is described by leader-followers games model conversation be Mixed integer linear programming, including：
It by leader-followers games model conversation is mixed using KKT (Karush-Kuhn-Tucher) condition, dual theorem and linear relaxation technology
Close integral linear programming problem.
The leader-followers games model for establishing garden operator and user agent in one of the embodiments, including：Base
It is maximized in pursuit of rationality number one, establishes garden operator and the leader-followers games model of user agent.
It is described in one of the embodiments, to be maximized based on pursuit of rationality number one, establish garden operator and use
The leader-followers games model of family agency, including：Construct operator's Optimized model on upper layer, wherein excellent using Income Maximum as runing
Simultaneously energy price constraints condition and garden energy internet operation constraint condition is arranged in the objective function of change；Construct the user of lower layer
Act on behalf of Optimized model, wherein load constraint condition as the objective function of agency's optimization and is arranged using Income Maximum.
The energy price constraints condition includes electricity tariff constraint condition, gas price constraints item in one of the embodiments,
At least one of in part and level Waste Heat Price constraint condition.
Operation constraint condition in garden energy internet includes power-balance constraint item in one of the embodiments,
At least one of in part, multiple-energy-source supply constraint, multipotency stream coupling constraint condition and polynary energy storage constraint condition.
The load constraint condition includes that electric load constraint condition and traffic loading constrain in one of the embodiments,
At least one of in condition.
The multiclass energy price and energy management method further include step in one of the embodiments,：According to solution
Result setting the multiclass energy fix a price and carry out energy management.
The carry out energy management in one of the embodiments, including：It is all kinds of according to the multiclass energy pricing adjustments
The demand of type energy load；The wind electricity digestion that gas technology improves garden is turned to the reversed power transmission of power grid and electricity using electric car.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the interaction block schematic illustration of the garden energy internet of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the garden operator of another embodiment of the present invention and the Stackelberg leader-followers games framework of user agent
Schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the electric energy and Gas Prices schematic diagram that the energy supplier of another embodiment of the present invention determines.
Fig. 4 is the wind power output schematic diagram under four kinds of scenes of another embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 A to Fig. 5 D be respectively embodiment illustrated in fig. 4 four kinds of scenes under all kinds of electrical power schematic diagrames in PEI.
Fig. 6 is all kinds of qigong rate schematic diagrames in the PEI under the scene 4 of embodiment illustrated in fig. 4.
Fig. 7 is all kinds of thermal power schematic diagrames in the PEI under the scene 4 of embodiment illustrated in fig. 4.
Fig. 8 is the flow diagram of another embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the foregoing objectives, features and advantages of the present invention clearer and more comprehensible, with reference to the accompanying drawing to the present invention
Specific embodiment be described in detail.Many details are explained in the following description in order to fully understand this hair
It is bright.But the invention can be embodied in many other ways as described herein, those skilled in the art can be not
Similar improvement is done in the case where violating intension of the present invention, therefore the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.It needs
It is noted that it can directly on the other element when element is referred to as " being fixed on " or " being set to " another element
Or there may also be elements placed in the middle.When an element is considered as " connection " another element, it, which can be, is directly connected to
To another element or it may be simultaneously present centering elements.Term as used herein " vertical ", " horizontal ", " left side ",
" right side " and similar statement for illustrative purposes only, are not meant to be the only embodiment.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein and belong to technical field of the invention
The normally understood meaning of technical staff is identical.Term as used herein in the specification of the present invention is intended merely to description tool
The purpose of the embodiment of body, it is not intended that in the limitation present invention.Term as used herein "and/or" includes one or more
Any and all combinations of relevant listed item.
One embodiment of the invention is multiclass energy price and the energy management side of a kind of garden energy internet operators
Method comprising：Establish the garden energy internet interactive frame comprising energy supplier, garden operator and user agent；It builds
The leader-followers games model of vertical garden operator and user agent；Leader-followers games model conversation is asked for mixed integer linear programming
Topic, and solve.Above-mentioned multiclass energy price and energy management method, garden operator from energy supplier buy needed for electric energy and
Natural gas, can based on the practical energy supply in garden and the reasonable electric energy of energy consumption situation formulation, gas energy and thermal energy price, supply side,
Transmission equipment side and Demand-side carry out collaboration optimization, and guidance user adjusts the different type demand of energy load；Utilization can also be combined
P2G equipment and V2G function improve the ability of garden consumption wind-powered electricity generation, promote operator and EV user's income, reduce electricity/gas/heat and use
Energy cost is always purchased at family, improves system load characteristic, improves efficiency of energy utilization and renewable energy power generation just on this basis
Consumption rate in ground is conducive to promote garden energy management efficiency.
The physical structure of the garden energy internet interactive frame includes multiple-energy-source supply in one of the embodiments,
Structure, multipotency stream coupled structure, polynary energy storing structure and polymorphic type demand structure；The garden in one of the embodiments,
The market structure of energy internet interactive frame includes three energy supplier, garden operator and user agent economic entities,
That is, the market structure of the garden energy internet interactive frame includes energy supplier, garden operator and user agent.Energy
Source supplier is the price setter of external multiple-energy-source market such as electric energy and natural gas etc..Garden operator is the fortune of entire garden
Battalion person manages the blower in garden, can flow Coupling device and energy storage device, is responsible for carrying out energy with energy supplier and user agent
Source transaction.For user agent, the user of garden is generally divided into two classes：Electricity/gas/the heat user and EV for entering garden are used
Family.Operator buys required electric energy and natural gas from energy supplier, determines reasonable electricity/gas/thermal energy price, supplies to user
Its required energy, and electric energy can be bought to EV user in load boom period.Therefore, operator can be by existing to electricity/gas/thermal energy
Supply side, transmission equipment side and Demand-side carry out collaboration optimization, improve the on-site elimination of efficiency of energy utilization and renewable energy power generation
Rate obtains price difference profit.In order to simplify multiclass energy price and energy management method, garden is assumed in one of the embodiments,
Electricity/gas/thermal energy generated only dissolves inside garden in area, does not convey to external distribution system and natural gas system；In this way,
Be conducive to simplify calculating, promote computational efficiency.
In one of the embodiments, it is described by leader-followers games model conversation be Mixed integer linear programming, including：
Using KKT condition, dual theorem and linear relaxation technology by leader-followers games model conversation be Mixed integer linear programming.?
In one embodiment, the multiclass energy price and energy management method of a kind of garden energy internet operators comprising：
Establish the garden energy internet interactive frame comprising energy supplier, garden operator and user agent；Establish garden operation
The leader-followers games model of quotient and user agent；Leader-followers games model is turned using KKT condition, dual theorem and linear relaxation technology
Mixed integer linear programming is turned to, and is solved.Remaining embodiment and so on.
The leader-followers games model for establishing garden operator and user agent in one of the embodiments, including：Base
It is maximized in pursuit of rationality number one, establishes garden operator and the leader-followers games model of user agent；That is, establishing garden fortune
Seek quotient and the maximized leader-followers games model of user agent's pursuit of rationality number one.The base in one of the embodiments,
It is maximized in pursuit of rationality number one, establishes garden operator and the leader-followers games model of user agent, including：Construct upper layer
Operator's Optimized model, wherein using Income Maximum as the objective function of operation optimization and energy price constraints condition is set
Constraint condition is run with garden energy internet；Construct user agent's Optimized model of lower layer, wherein using Income Maximum as generation
It manages the objective function of optimization and load constraint condition is set.The energy price constraints condition packet in one of the embodiments,
Include at least one in electricity tariff constraint condition, gas price lattice constraint condition and level Waste Heat Price constraint condition.Remaining embodiment and so on.
Operation constraint condition in garden energy internet includes power-balance constraint condition, multiple-energy-source in one of the embodiments,
At least one of in supply constraint, multipotency stream coupling constraint condition and polynary energy storage constraint condition.An implementation wherein
In example, the load constraint condition includes at least one in electric load constraint condition and traffic loading constraint condition.Into one
Step ground, operation constraint condition in garden energy internet includes power-balance constraint condition, multiple-energy-source supply constraint, more
Coupling constraint condition and polynary energy storage constraint condition can be flowed, the load constraint condition includes electric load constraint condition and traffic
Load constraint condition.
Described solve is carried out using solver in one of the embodiments,；The solution in one of the embodiments,
It is carried out using the solver based on MATLAB；The solution is using commercialization solver YALMIP/ in one of the embodiments,
GUROBI or other solvers carry out；The multiclass energy price is also wrapped with energy management method in one of the embodiments,
Include step：It is fixed a price according to the result of the solution setting multiclass energy and carries out energy management.In one of the embodiments, it is described into
Row energy management, including：According to all types of demands with energy load of the multiclass energy pricing adjustments；Using electric car to electricity
It nets reversed power transmission technology and electricity turns the wind electricity digestion that gas technology improves garden.
A kind of multiclass energy price of garden energy internet operators and energy management side in one of the embodiments,
Method, including：It proposes the garden energy internet interactive frame comprising energy supplier, garden operator and user agent, establishes
Garden operator and the maximized leader-followers games model of user agent's pursuit of rationality number one, using KKT condition, dual theorem
With linear relaxation technology by leader-followers games model conversation be Mixed integer linear programming, and using commercialization solver
YALMIP/GUROBI is solved.Illustrate the method for solving of constructed model and use with example, and analyzes electric car to power grid
Reversed power transmission and electricity turn overall economy quality, consumption wind-powered electricity generation ability and the improvement part throttle characteristics etc. that gas technology is run in raising system
The effect of aspect.
A kind of multiclass energy price of garden energy internet operators and energy management side in one of the embodiments,
Method, including：It is proposed garden energy internet interactive frame, that is, establishing includes energy supplier, garden operator and user agent
Garden energy internet interactive frame；Wherein the garden energy internet interactive frame is for having existing garden energy internet
Interaction scenario in energy market of physical structure and energy supplier, garden operator and user agent；Establish garden
Operator and the maximized leader-followers games model of user agent's pursuit of rationality number one, that is, be based on pursuit of rationality number one
It maximizes, establishes garden operator and the leader-followers games model of user agent；In the leader-followers games model, upper layer model is determined
Ce Zheji operator is using Income Maximum as target making various energy resources price, and policymaker, that is, user agent of underlying model is according to upper
The energy prices that layer determines are with the totle drilling cost of the bought various energy minimum target adjustment user energy strategy；Using KKT item
Leader-followers games model conversation is Mixed integer linear programming by part, dual theorem and linear relaxation technology, and utilizes solution
Device solves；For example, solver is commercialization solver YALMIP/GUROBI；Further, more also according to the result setting of solution
The class energy fixes a price and carries out energy management.In other embodiments, constructed model and use are also illustrated using example
Method for solving, and V2G and P2G technology is analyzed to PEI bring Beneficial Effect.
It continues with and illustrates the present invention and its each embodiment, one embodiment of the invention are, a kind of garden energy source interconnection
The multiclass energy of network operation business is fixed a price and energy management method comprising one in following steps, binomial, multinomial or whole.
Step 1: proposing garden energy internet interactive frame, that is, establishing includes energy supplier, garden operator and use
The garden energy internet interactive frame of family agency；The interaction frame of garden energy internet is as shown in Fig. 1.From physical structure
On be divided into four parts：1, multiple-energy-source supplies, and provides electric energy by external distribution system and garden blower, is provided by outside natural
Gas；2, multipotency stream couples, and realizes the conversion of energy form, including P2G equipment, cogeneration units (combined heat and
Power unit, CHP), gas fired-boiler etc.；3, polynary energy storage, including storage, heat accumulation and caisson；4, polymorphic type demand, packet
Include electric load, traffic loading (EV), the gentle load of thermic load etc..The interaction energy market of PEI uses hierarchical structure, including three
Basic economic entity, i.e. energy supplier, garden operator and user agent, the reliable bidirectional information of high speed is handed between economic entity
Realize that the timely interaction of price and demand information provides the foundation each other.
Operator and user agent are independent Interest Main Bodies, and operator is by formulating to/from user agent's sale/purchase
Various energy resources price realize oneself benefit, and the energy prices information tune that user agent is then formulated based on operator
Whole user minimizes the totle drilling cost of the purchased various energy with energy strategy.Therefore, operator cannot think of oneself only in price
Interests, also to consider the price elasticity behavior of terminal user, i.e., there are interest games between operator and user agent.Operation
Quotient has refusal, it is rich that the game of operator and user agent can be described as a Stackelberg principal and subordinate as manager
It plays chess：On upper layer, operator is the leader for formulating various energy resources price；In lower layer, user agent plays the part of the role of follower, rings
Should be able to source price signal and will with can strategy be sent to operator；Constructed leader-followers games structure is as shown in Fig. 2.
Step 2: establishing garden operator and the leader-followers games model of user agent；It establishes in one of the embodiments,
The leader-followers games model of garden operator and user agent, including setting multiclass energy pricing strategy and establish garden operator and
The leader-followers games model of user agent.Garden operator and the leader-followers games of user agent are established in one of the embodiments,
Model, including the following terms.
1, operator's Optimized model on upper layer is constructed.Wherein, garden operator determines the purchase energy plan from energy supplier
The operating status of summary and possessed equipment, and formulate the price to/from user agent's sale/purchase various energy resources.
(1) objective function is set for operator's Optimized model；Wherein, mesh of the operator using Income Maximum as operation optimization
Scalar functions, specially：
In formula (2)：u1Indicate the income of operator；T indicates the sum of scheduling slot included by a dispatching cycle；At it
In middle one embodiment, a dispatching cycle is one day；The length of Δ t expression unit scheduling slot；WithTable respectively
Show electricity price, gas price and caloric value that moment t operator determines；Pe,Lt、Pg,LtAnd Ph,LtRespectively indicate the electric work of moment t user consumption
Rate, natural gas power and thermal power；Pcs,ctAnd Pcs,dtRespectively indicate what EV cluster in moment t garden charging station was charged and discharged
Power；WithRespectively indicate the moment t operator from energy supplier power purchase and purchase gas price；PetWithTable respectively
Show the electrical power and natural gas power that moment t operator buys from energy supplier.
(2) constraint condition that setting operator's energy is fixed a price, operator's energy is fixed a price in one of the embodiments,
Constraint condition specifically include the following terms.
1) electricity tariff constraint condition.Operator determine to/from user agent sell/price of power purchase when, need with due regard to
Response of the power consumer to price, to maximize oneself profit.Further, the electricity price is about in one of the embodiments,
Beam condition, that is, operator determines need to meet following constraint when electricity price：
In formula (5)：cet,minAnd cet,maxRespectively indicate minimum value and maximum value that moment t operator formulates electricity price；Formula (4) indicates
Electric energy average price in garden is not higher than the average price from external distribution system power purchase, to ensure power consumer interests.
2) gas/level Waste Heat Price constraint condition, i.e. gas price lattice constraint condition and/or level Waste Heat Price constraint condition, that is, sell gas/sell heat
Price constraints.In view of the substitutability between the different type energy, operator, which formulates, to sell gas and needs reference when selling level Waste Heat Price
Its sale of electricity price.Further, the gas price lattice constraint condition and level Waste Heat Price constraint condition need to expire in one of the embodiments,
The following constraint of foot：
αmin≤αt≤αmax (8)
βmin≤βt≤βmax (9)
In formula：αtAnd βtRespectively indicate the pneumoelectric price ratio and thermoelectricity price ratio of moment t operator；αminAnd αmaxTable respectively
Show the minimum value and maximum value of pneumoelectric price ratio；βminAnd βmaxRespectively indicate the minimum value and maximum value of thermoelectricity price ratio；Formula
(10) indicate the natural gas price average price in garden not above the average price from external natural gas system purchase natural gas.
3) PEI runs constraint condition, including：
3.1, power-balance constraint condition, specially：
In formula：Indicate the output power of moment t blower unit；WithTable respectively
Show P2G equipment input electric power, CHP generated output, electric storage device electric power storage power and the discharge power of moment t；WithRespectively indicate the qigong rate of the P2G equipment output of moment t, CHP is inputted
Qigong rate, the qigong rate of gas fired-boiler input, caisson store qigong rate and deflation power；WithRespectively indicate CHP output thermal power, gas fired-boiler output thermal power, heat-storing device accumulation of heat power and the heat release function of moment t
Rate.
3.2, multiple-energy-source supply constraint, including：
In formula：PemaxAnd PgmaxRespectively indicate the upper limit that PEI exchanges power with external distribution system and natural gas system；
Pwindt,maxIndicate the maximum generation power output of moment t blower unit.
3.3, multipotency stream coupling constraint condition, including：
In formula：ηp2g、ηe,chp、ηh,chpAnd ηgbRespectively indicate P2G equipment electricity turn gas, CHP by gas power generation, CHP by
Gas turns the energy conversion efficiency for turning heat by gas of heat and gas fired-boiler.
Wherein, only consider P2G equipment by its rated power constraint, specially：
In formula：Indicate the rated power of P2G equipment.
CHP and gas fired-boiler need to meet rated power constraint and ramping rate constraints when running, specially：
In formula：WithRespectively indicate the input power and rated power of CHP or gas fired-boiler；PuAnd PdTable respectively
Show the upper and lower bound of creep speed.
3.4, polynary energy storage constraint condition.Assuming that accumulation of energy and exoergic power of the energy storage device within the Δ t period are kept not
Become, specially：
In formula： WithRespectively indicate the energy storage capacity, accumulation of energy power and exoergic power of moment t energy storage device；σs、ηs,c
And ηs,dRespectively indicate energy storage device from loss factor, energy storage efficiency and exergic efficiency；CsIndicate the capacity of energy storage device；Ssmin
And SsmaxRespectively indicate the minimum value and maximum value of storage capacity；WithRespectively indicate accumulation of energy power and exoergic power
Maximum value；WithThe 0-1 state variable for respectively indicating energy storage device accumulation of energy and exoergic respectively indicates energy storage dress when taking 1
It sets in accumulation of energy and exoergic state, is not then when taking 0.
Further, it to meet accumulation of energy and exoergic requirement of next initial time dispatching cycle PEI to energy storage device, stores up
Energy storage capacity of the energy device at starting and ending moment dispatching cycle need to be consistent, specially：
In formula：WithRespectively indicate the energy storage capacity of starting and ending dispatching cycle moment energy storage device.
2, user agent's Optimized model of lower layer is constructed.In leader-followers games, operator's determination goes out to/from user agent
The price for the various energy resources sold/bought, user agent are then directed to these price signals, determine that various the optimal of loads energy are determined
Plan, i.e., the totle drilling cost for making user purchase the various energy under the premise of meeting the various workload demands with energy are minimum.
(1) objective function is set for user agent's Optimized model of lower layer.
The objective function u of user agent's Optimized model2In include 2, the 1st be electricity/gas/heat user purchase energy cost,
2nd charging cost and electric discharge income for EV user, specially：
(2) constraint condition of user agent's Optimized model is set, in one of the embodiments, user agent's optimization
The constraint condition of model specifically includes the following terms.
1) electric load constraint condition.Electric load can be divided into rigid electric load and flexible electric load.Rigid electric load is not
It is influenced by electricity price, flexible electric load is then the transferable load sensitive to electricity price, i.e., under the premise of satisfaction sets reserved energy constraint
With Modulatory character.Flexible electric load implements that following constraints need to be met when demand response：
In various：WithRespectively indicate the flexible electric load that moment t is transferred to and produces；With
Respectively indicate the maximum value that moment t was transferred to and produced flexible electric load；Indicate the original electric load of PEI of moment t.
2) traffic loading constraint condition.In user agent's Optimized model, there is N number of fill in the EV charging station of PEI
Electric stake changes at random in the quantity of different periods access EV.vevn,tIndicate n-th of charging pile in the state of moment t, 1 table
It is shown with EV and accesses the charging pile charge and discharge, 0 indicates that no EV accesses the charging pile charge and discharge.When thering is EV to access charge and discharge, access
Moment is denoted asThe battery charge state (state of charge, SOC) of the EV is S at this timeevn,ini, the phase of car owner's setting
Prestige SOC is Sevn,exp, specified charge-discharge electric power is respectively Pev,cn,rateAnd Pev,dn,rate, battery capacity isIn this way, charging
The charge-discharge electric power stood meets following constraints：
In formula：Pev,cn,tAnd Pev,dn,tRespectively indicate the charging and discharging power of the connected EV of n-th of charging pile of moment t；
WithRespectively indicate the maximum charging and discharging power of moment t charging station.
Then EV dynamic charging and recharging model is specially：
In formula：Sevn,tIndicate the SOC of the connected EV of n-th of charging pile of moment t；ηev,cAnd ηev,dRespectively indicate the charging of EV
And discharging efficiency；SevmaxAnd SevminRespectively indicate the upper and lower bound of SOC；Sevn,depIndicate the connected EV of n-th of charging pile from
Open SOC when charging station.
Step 3: the solution of leader-followers games equilibrium；That is the solution of the leader-followers games equilibrium of leader-followers games model, including it is following
One in step, it is binomial, multinomial or whole.
It 1, is that Mixed integer linear programming includes setting EV charge and discharge complementary slackness item by leader-followers games model conversation
Part.Same EV not only cannot charge but also discharge in synchronization, that is, there are Constraints.It is often introduced in existing correlative study
Two independent optimized variables, i.e. charge power and discharge power, and meter and Constraints model EV, such as formula (35) institute
Show.Also, the non-linear of EV charge and discharge Constraints causes optimization problem to be difficult to solve.The master of optimization constructed by the present invention
From betting model, EV charge and discharge Constraints are redundancies, are illustrated below.Analysis EV first is when unit is dispatched
In section Δ t the case where charging electric energy supplement, there are two types of schemes：1) EV withPower charging, while withPower discharge；
2) EV only withPower charging.Meet：
Formula (43) indicates that for EV user, two schemes can supplement identical electricity in Δ t.But from the economy of EV user
From the point of view of property, the cost of scheme 1 isThe cost of scheme 2 isAnd EV efficiency for charge-discharge is equal
Less than 1, therefore have：
From formula (44) as can be seen that scheme 2 is more economical for EV user, therefore EV will not select side from the point of view of economy
Fill side electric discharge.Thus it uses in setting EV charge and discharge complementary slackness condition or including scheme 2, can similarly obtain, want in EV in list
In the case that electric discharge obtains interests in the scheduling slot Δ t of position, only discharge bigger than the income discharged when filling, EV will not be selected
It discharges when filling.Therefore, Constraints formula (37) the directly relaxation that optimization problem is difficult to resolve can be will lead in Optimized model to fall,
Lower layer's Optimized model translates into linear convex problem in this way, and optimality can be described by its KKT condition.Line can thus be used
Property planning mode realize.Later, according to strong dual theory can the nonlinear terms in the objective function to upper layer optimization problem carry out
Linearisation, and then single layer mixed integer linear programming model is converted by leader-followers games bilayer problem, solution effect can be significantly improved
Rate.
It 2, include user agent's optimization that lower layer is set for Mixed integer linear programming by leader-followers games model conversation
The KKT condition of model.For user agent's Optimized model of lower layer, lower layer's optimization problem can be expressed as：
In formula：The decision variable of x expression lower layer's Optimized model；F (x) indicates objective function；H (x) and g (x) are respectively indicated
The vector of formula constraint and equality constraint.
Note μ and λ respectively indicates the dual variable of inequality constraints and equality constraint, then the Lagrangian formulation of formula (45)
It can be expressed as：
Γ=f (x)-μTh(x)-λTg(x) (46)
The KKT condition of formula (45) can be expressed as：
0≤μ⊥h(x)≥0 (49)
Formula (49) is EV charge and discharge complementary slackness condition, wherein x ⊥ y indicate at most to have in scalar x and y one can be strictly larger than
0.Due to complementary slackness condition be it is nonlinear, converted complementary slackness condition to lower linear not by introducing Boolean variable κ
Equation：
0≤μ≤Mκ (50)
In 0≤h (x)≤M (I- κ) (51) formula：M indicates a sufficiently big positive number.
3, it is Mixed integer linear programming by leader-followers games model conversation, and solves；That is the linearisation of objective function
And problem solving.The nonlinear source of objective function is in the product of energy prices and power.According to dual theorem, user's generation of lower layer
The nonlinear optimal problem of reason Optimized model can be converted into the linear optimization problem of its antithesis.The strong duality theorem table of linear programming
Bright, the target function value of original problem and dual problem is equal at optimal solution.It therefore, is that mixing is whole by leader-followers games model conversation
Number linear programming problem, wherein the leader-followers games model constructed can be converted into：
Formula (52) is Mixed integer linear programming, and the business solver YALMIP/ under MATLAB environment can be used in the present embodiment
GUROBI is solved.YALMIP is the Modeling Platform for being suitable for solving Large-scale Optimization Problems, and GUROBI is to solve on a large scale
The commercialization solver of Mixed integer linear programming.Solving result includes the purchase of operator can tactful, equipment operation shape
Energy real time price and user are sold/purchased to state with energy strategy.
Step 4: fixing a price also according to the result setting multiclass energy of solution after solving and carrying out energy management.Wherein
In one embodiment, energy management is carried out using P2G and V2G technology, in this way, being conducive to utilize P2G and V2G skill upgrading system
The macroeconomic and environmental benefit of operation.
The major function of P2G equipment is to convert Artificial Natural Gas for the wind-powered electricity generation for having to give up originally, then pass through
CHP and gas fired-boiler are converted into electric energy and thermal energy, or natural gas is directly sold to user.The V2G function of EV user can be with
In the big period charging of low electricity price, wind power output, in the small period electric discharge of high electricity price, wind power output.It proposes through the invention
The multiclass energy of garden energy internet operators is fixed a price and energy management method, can formulate reasonable electricity/gas/thermal energy valence
Lattice, guidance user adjust the different type demand of energy load；Meanwhile joint utilizes P2G and V2G technology, it can be with lifting system
The macroeconomic and environmental benefit of operation.
For a further understanding of the present invention, below by taking certain industrial park energy internet as an example, to explain reality of the invention
Border application.
Assuming that the energy prices of energy supplier be it is determining in advance, electric energy and Gas Prices are as shown in Fig. 3.With
The energy value of operator's purchaseOn the basis of, operator formulates the upper limit c of electricity priceet,maxFor1.1 times, lower limit
cet,minFor0.9 times, the range of pneumoelectric price ratio is 0.3~0.4, and the range of thermoelectricity price ratio is 0.2~0.5.Garden
The wind-powered electricity generation maximum output of exemplary operation day, electric load, gas load and thermic load data are as shown in table 1, can flow Coupling device and storage
The technical parameter of energy device is respectively as shown in table 2 and table 3.
1 exemplary operation day of table wind-powered electricity generation maximum output and electric load, gas load and thermic load data
Table 2 can flow the technical parameter of Coupling device
The technical parameter of 3 energy storage device of table
Assuming that the EV user type in garden is divided into day shift type and 2 kinds of night shift type, quantity is respectively 200.The electricity of each EV
Tankage is 32kWh, and specified charge-discharge electric power is 7kW, efficiency for charge-discharge 92%.EV reaches state-of-charge when gardenArrival time tarrWith departure time tdepGaussian Profile described in formula (53) to (55), design parameter setting are obeyed respectively
As shown in table 4.
In formula：μsoc、μarrAnd μdepRespectively indicate the initial SOC of EV, the mean value of arrival time and departure time；WithRespectively indicate the initial SOC of EV, the variance of arrival time and departure time；WithRespectively indicate EV arrival time
Lower and upper limit；WithRespectively indicate the lower and upper limit of EV departure time.
The parameter setting relevant to electric car traffic behavior of table 4
In order to compare the difference of PEI operating status under different scenes and consumption wind-powered electricity generation ability, 4 scenes are set here, into
Row emulation and comparative analysis.Meanwhile the charging that EV user is arranged is desired for starting SOC when it reaches garden.In this way, not examining
When considering the V2G behavior of EV, EV is also without charge requirement, and each parameter setting guarantees the capacity of each moment P2G equipment and EV cluster
It is close, so as to the difference of more reasonably compare the performance driving economy of different scenes, dissolve wind-powered electricity generation ability etc..
Scene 1：Without P2G equipment, the V2G behavior of EV is not considered；
Scene 2：Without P2G equipment, the V2G behavior of EV is considered；
Scene 3：There is P2G equipment, does not consider the V2G behavior of EV；
Scene 4：There is P2G equipment, considers the V2G behavior of EV.
1, more scene performance driving economy comparative analyses under leader-followers games mechanism.For above-mentioned 4 kinds of scenes, using mentioned method
The results are shown in Table 5 for the performance driving economy acquired, can combine and improve garden consumption wind-powered electricity generation using P2G equipment and V2G function
Ability promotes operator and EV user's income, reduces electricity/gas/heat user and always purchases energy cost, improves system load characteristic, herein
On the basis of improve efficiency of energy utilization and renewable energy power generation on-site elimination rate, be conducive to promoted garden energy management effect
Rate.For operator's income, scene 4 is maximum, and scene 2 and scene 3 are taken second place, and scene 1 is minimum.This illustrate install P2G equipment and
Operator's income can be improved using the V2G function of EV.Wherein, operator's purchases strategies and electricity/gas/heat can be reduced using V2G
User always purchases energy cost, increases EV user's income；P2G can then reduce the power purchase and purchase gas cost of operator.
Performance driving economy under 5 four scenes of table compares
2, energy pricing strategy and energy management comparative analysis under more scenes.Attached drawing 4 illustrates the wind-powered electricity generation under four kinds of scenes
Power output is horizontal.As shown in Fig. 4, scene 1 is in the period 0:00-03:00 and 21:00-24:There were serious abandonment in 00 the two periods,
This is because wind power output is larger and user's electric load is at a low ebb, and CHP be meet user's thermic load can not reduce power output etc.
Factor is jointly caused.Compared with scene 1, the abandonment situation of scene 2 and scene 3 is less serious, and scene 4 is in P2G equipment and EV
V2G behavior collective effect under, wind-powered electricity generation is almost all dissolved.
Operator is in the optimal electrical power pricing strategy under four kinds of scenes and the various electrical power in PEI in intraday power output
Situation is as shown in attached drawing 5A to 5D, wherein new electric load includes rigid electric load, flexible electric load and the (electric discharge of EV charge and discharge electric load
Power is handled by load, takes negative value).It is influenced by price incentive, flexible electric load is shifted from the electricity price higher peak of power consumption period
To electricity price is lower and the wind power output biggish period, the peak load shifting of electric load both it had been able to achieve and had promoted wind electricity digestion, and also can be
User reduces purchases strategies.It may be noted that scene 2 and scene 4 consider the V2G behavior of EV, so that electric load peak value is compared with scene 1
Low with scene 3, power distribution is more reasonable, this illustrates effect of the V2G in peak load shifting.
Analysis and utilization V2G function, P2G equipment and the two combination dissolve wind-powered electricity generation ability and economical operation to garden separately below
The influence of property.
1) effect analysis of V2G function is utilized
Attached drawing 5A and attached drawing 5B is compared it can be found that EV user is mainly 1:00-5:00 and 14:00-18:00 the two are low
Rate period absorbs electric energy and charges to battery, 6:00-11:00 and 18:00-21:To operation in 00 the two high rate periods
Quotient sells electric energy.0:00-03:00 and 21:00-24:00 period wind power output increases, 6:00-11:00 and 18:00-21:
00 period operator declines from the purchase of electricity of energy supplier.Since operator's purchases strategies decline, it is promoted to change the energy fixed
Valence strategy, it is final but also the total purchase of electricity/gas/heat user can cost decline.Therefore, operator is used using tou power price guidance EV
The charge and discharge behavior at family can promote the ability of garden consumption wind-powered electricity generation, reduce the purchase of electricity and purchases strategies of operator, be simultaneously
User brings some incomes.
2) effect analysis of P2G equipment is utilized
Attached drawing 5A and attached drawing 5C is compared it can be found that P2G equipment is mainly 0:00-6:00 and 22:00-24:00 the two
Operation in low electricity price, the wind power output biggish period dissolves part electric energy and is converted into natural gas, reduces abandonment electricity.P2G is set
It is standby to convert Artificial Natural Gas for the wind-powered electricity generation for having to give up originally, electric energy and heat are then converted by CHP and gas fired-boiler
Can, or natural gas is directly sold to user.In scene 3, the introducing of P2G equipment reduces operator to a certain extent
The cost of power purchase and purchase gas, but does not cause the change of operator's energy pricing strategy, thus always purchase can be at for electricity/gas/heat user
It does not reduce originally.
3) effect analysis of P2G equipment and V2G function is comprehensively utilized
From table 5, attached drawing 4 and attached drawing 5A into 5D as can be seen that P2G equipment and V2G function have mutual supplement with each other's advantages.With regard to consumption
For wind-powered electricity generation ability, since the charge and discharge behavior of EV user is influenced by tou power price fluctuation, so that it is not so good as P2G equipment.?
In terms of performance driving economy, although scene 3 dissolves, wind-powered electricity generation situation more than needed is better than scene 2, and operator compares scene in the income of scene 3
2 is few, this is because the Gas Prices of equivalent energy are cheaper than electricity price very much, and P2G efficiency ratio EV efficiency for charge-discharge is low.It is on the scene
In scape 4, although the charge and discharge period of EV user and interests by the negative effect of P2G putting equipment in service, but V2G's and P2G is common
Effect has both been obviously improved the ability of consumption wind-powered electricity generation, increases the income of operator, also leads to the total purchase energy of electricity/gas/heat user
Cost decline, thus improves the whole economic efficiency and environmental benefit of PEI operation.
Analysis sells gas and sells qigong rate and thermal power situation in hot strategy and PEI further below.Due to garden user
Gas/thermic load of side is relatively fixed, and controllability is poor, leads to selling gas, selling level Waste Heat Price and corresponding power situation for 4 scenes
It is not much different.Here weight analysis scene 4 the case where, related optimum results are as shown in attached drawing 6 and attached drawing 7.Because in PEI only
Operator provides thermal energy for user, caloric value can be scheduled on the upper limit of regulatory agency's permission to maximize the income of oneself.CHP's
Operating mode, output power and electricity price are closely related.In conjunction with attached drawing 5D, attached drawing 6 and attached drawing 7 as can be seen that 0:00-4:30 Hes
21:30-24:In 00 the two periods, electricity price is lower, and CHP burning natural gas power can be such that operator's income declines, and runs at this time
Quotient controls CHP electromotive power output (accordingly exporting thermal power less) as few as possible, while controlling gas fired-boiler and being supplied with rated power
Energy.4:30-21:In 30 this period, as electricity price increases, CHP electromotive power output and thermal power increase, 7:00-19:00
The higher period CHP of this electricity price is energized with rated power.This is because 7:00-19:00 this electricity price higher period, wind-powered electricity generation go out
Power is dissolved completely, and high thermal load demands promote the marginal cost of CHP to reduce, CHP burning natural gas power make operator at
This reduction is to bring income.Within electric energy and the Gas Prices all very high period, heat accumulation heat release, which may make, is meeting hot bear
Energy supply cost is reduced on the basis of lotus demand.
It should be noted that other embodiments of the invention further include, the mutually group of the technical characteristic in the various embodiments described above
Close be formed by, the multiclass energy of the garden energy internet operators that can implement price and energy management method, the present invention
The multiclass energy price and energy management method for the garden energy internet operators that each embodiment provides, can formulate reasonable
Electricity/gas/thermal energy price, guidance user adjust the different type demand of energy load；It can combine and utilize P2G equipment and V2G function
The ability that garden consumption wind-powered electricity generation can be improved, promotes operator and EV user's income, reduces electricity/gas/heat user and always purchases energy cost, changes
Kind system load characteristic.
Each technical characteristic of embodiment described above can be combined arbitrarily, for simplicity of description, not to above-mentioned reality
It applies all possible combination of each technical characteristic in example to be all described, as long as however, the combination of these technical characteristics is not deposited
In contradiction, all should be considered as described in this specification.
The embodiments described above only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but simultaneously
It cannot therefore be construed as limiting the scope of the patent.It should be pointed out that coming for those of ordinary skill in the art
It says, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made, these belong to protection of the invention
Range.Therefore, the scope of protection of the patent of the invention shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of multiclass energy of garden energy internet operators is fixed a price and energy management method, which is characterized in that including：
Establish the garden energy internet interactive frame comprising energy supplier, garden operator and user agent；
Establish garden operator and the leader-followers games model of user agent；
It is Mixed integer linear programming by leader-followers games model conversation, and solves.
2. multiclass energy price and energy management method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the garden energy source interconnection
The physical structure of net interaction frame includes that multiple-energy-source supply structure, multipotency stream coupled structure, polynary energy storing structure and polymorphic type need
Seek structure.
3. multiclass energy price and energy management method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described by leader-followers games mould
Type is converted into Mixed integer linear programming, including：Principal and subordinate is won using KKT condition, dual theorem and linear relaxation technology
Playing chess model conversation is Mixed integer linear programming.
4. multiclass energy price and energy management method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described to establish garden operation
The leader-followers games model of quotient and user agent, including：It is maximized based on pursuit of rationality number one, establishes garden operator and use
The leader-followers games model of family agency.
5. multiclass energy price and energy management method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that described to be based on pursuit of rationality
Number one maximizes, and establishes garden operator and the leader-followers games model of user agent, including：
Construct operator's Optimized model on upper layer, wherein using Income Maximum as the objective function of operation optimization and the energy is set
Price constraints condition and garden energy internet run constraint condition；
Construct user agent's Optimized model of lower layer, wherein using Income Maximum as the objective function of agency's optimization and be arranged negative
Lotus constraint condition.
6. multiclass energy price and energy management method according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the energy price constraints
Condition includes at least one in electricity tariff constraint condition, gas price lattice constraint condition and level Waste Heat Price constraint condition.
7. multiclass energy price and energy management method according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the garden energy source interconnection
Net operation constraint condition includes power-balance constraint condition, multiple-energy-source supply constraint, multipotency stream coupling constraint condition and more
At least one of in first energy storage constraint condition.
8. multiclass energy price and energy management method according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the load constraint condition
Including at least one in electric load constraint condition and traffic loading constraint condition.
9. according to claim 1 to the price of the multiclass energy described in any one of 8 and energy management method, which is characterized in that also wrap
Include step：It is fixed a price according to the result of the solution setting multiclass energy and carries out energy management.
10. multiclass energy price and energy management method according to claim 9, which is characterized in that the carry out energy pipe
Reason, including：
According to all types of demands with energy load of the multiclass energy pricing adjustments；
The wind electricity digestion that gas technology improves garden is turned to the reversed power transmission of power grid and electricity using electric car.
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