CN108875303A - A kind of foundation, judgment criteria and the judgment method of the method judging the purebred phase recency of Dendrobidium huoshanness - Google Patents
A kind of foundation, judgment criteria and the judgment method of the method judging the purebred phase recency of Dendrobidium huoshanness Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to foundation, judgment criteria and the judgment methods of a kind of method for judging the purebred phase recency of Dendrobidium huoshanness, and the establishment process of the judgment method is S1：Acquisition and the consistent Dendrobidium huoshanness sample of gene sequencing conclusion, measure the second internode length of stem of each sample；S2：Test of normality is carried out to sample stem the second internode length variable；S3：Standard section：If obtained result is Normal Distribution in step S2,95% confidence interval of mean value and 95% confidence interval of standard deviation are obtained according to normal distribution totality calculation formula；The confidence interval just can be as the critical field for identifying unknown sample degree of purity.It is according to the judgment criteria that the data of actual acquisition are established：95% confidence interval of mean value and 95% confidence interval of standard deviation are respectively：(9.8124,11.2212) and (3.4092,4.4147), tested Dendrobidium huoshanness sample only need to compare with the section.The present invention can identify the degree of purity of its kind by the relevant feature of Dendrobidium huoshanness morphology, so as to simply judge its value of the Dendrobidium huoshanness of artificial growth or whether there is；Its accuracy rate identified is high, has important practical significance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of medicaments and field of biology, and in particular to a kind of side for judging the purebred phase recency of Dendrobidium huoshanness
The foundation of foundation, judgment criteria and the judgment method of method, i.e. Dendrobidium huoshanness morphological feature and gene sequencing conclusion relevance
The discrimination method etc. of method and tested Dendrobidium huoshanness kind degree of purity.
Background technique
Dendrobium nobile is a kind of common tonic Chinese herbal medicine, predominantly Dendrobium Sw.Dendrobium Sw is maximum in orchid
A category, including multiple kinds such as Dendrobidium huoshanness, Dendrobium fimbriatum Hook, dendrobium candidum, HERBA DENDROBII, dendrobium, Dendrobium Chrysotoxum Lindl.
In the world, there are about more than 1100 kinds of dendrobium nobiles, wherein having nearly hundred kinds in China's discovery.The medicinal history of dendrobium nobile is long, early
?《Sheng Nong's herbal classic》In be just listed in nourishing top grade, for a long time, with the development of the times, dendrobium nobile is considered as treasure by people always
Expensive Chinese herbal medicine has highly important nourishing effects.Clinically, dendrobium nobile be used to treat a variety of diseases, and there is enhancing to exempt from
The pharmacological effects such as epidemic disease power, anti-oxidant, hypoglycemic and inhibition cancer.Dendrobium nobile including Dendrobidium huoshanness is led in traditional Chinese medicine and health care
Domain has extremely important value.
However, since artificial long-term uncontrolled excavation and irrational utilization dendrobium nobile, wild resource are reduced increasingly, artificial kind
It plants situation gradually to increase, or even becomes the source of main supply Dendrobidium huoshanness.However, long-term artificial growth is also Dendrobidium huoshanness
The phenomenon that mixing the spurious with the genuine, adulterating is brought, this is because 1. artificial growth changes the growth ring of wild Dendrobidium huoshanness
Border；2. largely applying various types of fertilizer, lesion, applying the artificial application of pesticide, the new appearance of kinds of Diseases etc.
On Dendrobidium huoshanness；3. and since dendrobium species are more, it is interracial hybridization so that the kind of its nearly edge there are character intersections
Phenomenon；4. other uncontrollable or immesurable factors, to sum up reason result in some artificial growths Dendrobidium huoshanness its it is medicinal at
Point changed or even important medicinal ingredient disappears, correspondingly, the Huoshan stone that these medicinal ingredients change or disappear
Also there is substantive difference with original wild gene order in its gene order of dry measure used in former times.Once and the medicinal valence of these Dendrobidium huoshanness
Value weakens or disappears, and this field also continues to apply what is do not known, then its consequence is very serious, and works as the feelings that people do not know
Dendrobidium huoshanness is caused to disappear under condition from field of medicaments, then its consequence is even more serious.
The applicant by long-term, very big workload the study found that certain Dendrobidium huoshanness morphology correlated characteristics and its
Gene sequencing conclusion has a very close relationship, gene sequencing conclusion be exactly the standard with traditional medicinal/nutritive value suddenly
The gene sequencing of mountain dendrobium nobile is as a result, wild Dendrobidium huoshanness is substantially consistent with gene sequencing conclusion.That is can pass through
The morphologic feature of Dendrobidium huoshanness judges the degree of association of itself and gene sequencing conclusion, the degree of association or its higher kind of phase recency
Degree of purity it is higher, it is easier to keep traditional medicinal, health-care efficacy, the degree of purity of the degree of association or its lower kind of phase recency
A possibility that lower, i.e., it is bigger with the substantive difference of gene sequencing conclusion, and medicinal efficacy reduces or disappears is bigger.
What gene sequencing conclusion reflected is the kind of sample, for the degree of purity or gene phase recency of differential variety, in base
Because on the basis of sequencing conclusion how efficiently by the measurement to morphology correlated characteristic, can judgement sample kind it is pure
Degree, the problem of must be taken into consideration when being our practical applications.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, it is a primary object of the present invention to solve the defect of the prior art,
The present invention provides foundation, judgment criteria and the judgment method of a kind of method for judging the purebred phase recency of Dendrobidium huoshanness.
The purpose of the present invention is mainly achieved through the following technical solutions.
A kind of foundation for the method judging the purebred phase recency of Dendrobidium huoshanness, the establishment process include the following steps：
S1：Standard data acquisition：Acquisition and the consistent Dendrobidium huoshanness sample of gene sequencing conclusion, sample size n, measurement
The second internode length of stem of each sample, obtains the measurement numerical value of stem the second internode length variable；
S2：Test of normality：Test of normality is carried out to sample stem the second internode length variable；
S3：Standard section：If obtained result is Normal Distribution in step S2, totally counted according to normal distribution
It calculates formula and obtains 95% confidence interval of mean value and 95% confidence interval of standard deviation；
If stem the second internode length variable test of normality result of Dendrobidium huoshanness is to disobey normal distribution in step S2,
If sample size exceeds 30, according to central-limit theorem it is found that the sample still is able to the formula meter according to normal population
Calculate 95% confidence interval of its mean value and 95% confidence interval of standard deviation；
95% confidence interval of mean value obtained above and 95% confidence interval of standard deviation just can be unknown as identifying
The critical field of sample degree of purity.
Further, after step S1 obtains the measurement numerical value of stem the second internode length variable, become according to second internode length of stem
The measurement numerical value of amount calculates the basic statistics amount of the second internode length of stem variable, and the basic statistics amount includes average level and discrete
Degree, then determining data according to basic statistics amount, whether there is or not exceptional values, are checked if having exceptional value, miss if belonging to measurement
Difference or record fault then suppressing exception point, if not because of error, then this data should be retained.
Further, the average level includes at least one of mean value, median and mode, the dispersion degree packet
Include standard deviation, mean absolute deviation and the coefficient of variation；
The basic statistics amount further includes making histogram and/or box-like according to the measurement numerical value of stem the second internode length variable
Data visualization is made its more convenient determining wrong exceptional value by figure.
Further, the test of normality includes at least one of visual image analysis and hypothesis testing.
Further, the test of normality includes visual image analysis and hypothesis testing.
Further, the method for the visual image analysis is：
1. according to normal state empirical distribution functionDraw the normal state experience of Dendrobidium huoshanness
Distribution function curve；
According to normal probability density functionThe normal probability density for drawing Dendrobidium huoshanness is bent
Line；As μ=0, σ=1, normal distribution just becomes standardized normal distribution：
2. being according to the measurement numerical value of the second internode length of stem variable obtained in step S1, and according to formula
Empirical distribution function draw true empirical distribution function；
It is according to the measurement numerical value of the second internode length of stem variable obtained in step S1, and according to formula
Probability density function draw trues probability density functional arrangement；
3. true empirical distribution function figure and the distribution function curve of normal distribution are compared, pass through judgment curves deviation journey
The size of degree comes whether preliminary judgement sample data meets normal distribution；By the general of trues probability density functional arrangement and normal distribution
The comparison of rate density curve, also according to extent of deviation size and the curve shape degree of consistency, come determine sample data whether be
Normal Distribution；
If the distribution function figure or true empirical probability density functional arrangement of true empirical distribution function figure and normal distribution
It is small with the deviation of the probability density function figure of normal distribution and shape is consistent, then second internode length of Dendrobidium huoshanness sample stem to be detected
Meet normal distribution, if the deviation obviously very big and different cause of shape, second internode length of Dendrobidium huoshanness sample stem to be detected
Normal distribution is not met.
Further, the hypothesis testing includes any one during JB inspection, KS inspection and Lilliefors are examined.
Further, the hypothesis testing is that Lilliefors is examined, the Lilliefors test statistics T=sup |
F*(x)-S (x) |, in formula, T is Liffiefors test statistics, F*It (x) be mean value is 0, the normal distribution that standard deviation is 1 is tired
Product distribution function, S (x) areEmpirical distribution function value, under the significance of α, when test statistics T is super
When crossing inspection critical value, refuse null hypothesis H0；Otherwise, null hypothesis cannot be refused.
A kind of judgment criteria of the purebred phase recency of Dendrobidium huoshanness, the judgment criteria include the following steps：
(1)：Acquisition and consistent 117, the wild Dendrobidium huoshanness sample of gene sequencing conclusion measure the stem the of each sample
Two internode lengths, measurement result are as follows：Stem the second internode length variation range of Dendrobidium huoshanness is 2.15mm~24.01mm, average water
Equalling the result obtained after 8.49mm~10.52mm, calculating is：Mean value：10.52mm median：10.36mm mode：
8.49mm, the standard deviation of the second internode length of stem fluctuation are 3.85mm, mean absolute deviation：3.00mm the coefficient of variation：0.37；
(2)：Visual image analyzes normal distribution：Empirical distribution function figure and probability density function are drawn according to the data in step (1)
Scheme, is by the result that true empirical distribution function figure is compared with normal state empirical distribution function curve：The curve of the two is basic
Unanimously；It is by the result that trues probability density functional arrangement is compared with normal probability density curve：The shape of the curve of the two
It is roughly the same；
By the intuitive analysis to the above figure it is found that Dendrobidium huoshanness stem the second internode length sample data probably meets
Normal distribution；
(3)：Lilliefors is examined：Null hypothesis is H0：Data Normal Distribution；Alternative hypothesis H1：Data are disobeyed
Normal distribution；It is by the inspection result that the data in step (1) obtain：
| Statistic | Critical value | P value | Level of significance α | Whether null hypothesis is received |
| 0.0584 | 0.0824 | 0.4072 | 0.05 | It is |
The value of statistic is 0.0584, is less than critical value 0.0824；P value be equal to 0.4072, be greater than significance (α=
0.05), so receiving null hypothesis, then it can confirm Dendrobidium huoshanness sample data Normal Distribution；
(4)：The mean value of the second internode length of Dendrobidium huoshanness stem sample data is then calculated according to normal distribution totality calculation formula
95% confidence interval of 95% confidence interval and standard deviation, respectively：
| Mean value | 95% confidence interval of mean value | Standard deviation | 95% confidence interval of standard deviation |
| 10.5168 | (9.8124,11.2212) | 3.8470 | (3.4092,4.4147) |
95% confidence interval of above-mentioned mean value and 95% confidence interval of standard deviation are respectively：(9.8124,11.2212) and
(3.4092,4.4147), the section are just the standard section for judging the purebred phase recency of Dendrobidium huoshanness.
A kind of judgment method of the purebred phase recency of Dendrobidium huoshanness, the method are：
A. Dendrobidium huoshanness sample stem to be detected second internode length data are acquired, are excluded in sample due to measurement error or record
Error causes caused exceptional value；
B. calculate step A in Dendrobidium huoshanness sample stem to be detected second internode length data 95% confidence interval of mean value and
95% confidence interval of standard deviation, if (the i.e. described standard section is the two in the obtained standard section of above-mentioned steps (4)：
95% confidence interval of mean value and 95% confidence interval of standard deviation are respectively：(9.8124,11.2212) and (3.4092,
4.4147)), then the purebred phase recency of Dendrobidium huoshanness to be detected is high, i.e., the degree of purity of Dendrobidium huoshanness to be detected is high；If to be detected
In 95% confidence interval of 95% confidence interval of mean value and standard deviation of sample stem the second internode length data of Dendrobidium huoshanness at least
One not in the obtained standard section of above-mentioned steps (4), then the purebred phase recency of Dendrobidium huoshanness to be detected is low, i.e., to be checked
The degree of purity for surveying Dendrobidium huoshanness is low.
The present invention at least has the advantages that：
The morphological feature of Dendrobidium huoshanness is established with Dendrobidium huoshanness gene sequencing conclusion and is connect by method of the invention, is led to
Its gene degree of purity can be known by crossing morphological feature.Quilt can be identified by stem the second internode length data of Dendrobidium huoshanness
Survey the kind degree of purity of Dendrobidium huoshanness；This method can be very simple, succinct the Dendrobidium huoshanness for judging artificial growth value
Size, even with the presence or absence of value.
The present invention establishes the standard for judging degree of purity, passes through 95% confidence interval of mean value and 95% confidence of standard deviation
Section can judge the purebred phase recency of tested Dendrobidium huoshanness, and this method is simple and accurate, in the applicant largely studies
Know, the method for the present invention can judge Dendrobidium huoshanness sample degree of purity with 90% or more accuracy rate, apply valence with important
Value.
The medical value that can judge certain a collection of Dendrobidium huoshanness substantially by the method for the invention, is reacted by morphological feature
Its substantive characteristics has far-reaching significance entire the world of medicine and plant kingdom.In addition, the present invention is also possible to open a kind of update
, more accurate morphology sort out theory or thinking.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of histogram described in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of box diagram described in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of empirical distribution function curve described in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of probability density curve described in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with of the invention specific real
It applies example technical solution of the present invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is that a part of the invention is real
Example is applied, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are not making creation
Property labour under the premise of every other embodiment obtained, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of foundation for the method judging the purebred phase recency of Dendrobidium huoshanness, the method for building up include the following steps：
S1：Standard data acquisition：Acquisition all meets the Dendrobidium huoshanness sample of the morphology description of Dendrobidium huoshanness, that is, acquires
With the consistent Dendrobidium huoshanness sample of gene sequencing conclusion, sample size n measures the second internode length of stem of each sample, obtains
The measurement numerical value of stem the second internode length variable；
S2：The confirmation of data：The second internode length of stem variable is calculated according to the measurement numerical value of stem the second internode length variable
Basic statistics amount, the basic statistics amount include average level and dispersion degree, the average level include mean value, median and
At least one of mode, the dispersion degree include standard deviation, mean absolute deviation and the coefficient of variation；And according to correspondingly counting
According to production histogram and box diagram by data visualization, can become apparent from clear observation, analysis, judgment variable distribution situation and
Exceptional value.Then it determines the wrong exceptional value of data, is checked if having exceptional value, if belonging to measurement error or record fault
Then suppressing exception point, if not because of error, then this data should be retained, if not because of error, then should protect
Stay this data.
S3：Test of normality：Test of normality is carried out to sample stem the second internode length variable；The test of normality includes
At least one of visual image analysis and hypothesis testing, preferably both of which uses, and can carry out in terms of subjectivity and objective two
It examines.
The method of visual image analysis is：
1. according to normal state empirical distribution functionDraw the normal state experience of Dendrobidium huoshanness
Distribution function curve；X in formula is stochastic variable, that is, the sample observations of Dendrobidium huoshanness；μ is the sample observation acquired
The mean value of value；σ is the standard deviation of sample observations；E is natural constant, and value is about 2.71828；The function of the normal distribution is bent
Line has given, and goes out normal state empirical distribution curve by computer also analog, acquires, draw not according to initial data
Make the normal state empirical distribution function curve be desirable to by the distribution function curve of initial data and the function curve of normal distribution into
Row compare, come examine initial data whether Normal Distribution.
According to normal probability density functionThe normal probability density curve of Dendrobidium huoshanness is drawn,
As μ=0, σ=1 (mean value 0, standard deviation 1), normal distribution just becomes standardized normal distribution：
X in formula is stochastic variable, that is, the sample observations of dendrobium nobile；E is natural constant, and value is about 2.71828.Equally
The probability density function curve on ground, normal distribution has given, and it is bent to go out the distribution of normal state experience by computer also analog
Line acquires not according to initial data.The normal probability density curve is drawn to be desirable to the probability density letter of initial data
Number curve is compared with normal probability density function curve, come examine initial data whether Normal Distribution.
Above-mentioned initial data is data obtained in the step S1 of summary of the invention.
2. according to the measurement numerical value of the second internode length of stem variable obtained in step S1, rule of thumb distribution function (EDF,
Empirical Distribution Functions) draw true empirical distribution function；
The empirical distribution function formula is：If x1,x2,...,xnIt is the sample measures that one group of overall sample size is n
Value, n measured value is rearranged for by sequence from small to largeFor any real number x, (x is i.e. for sample
This measured value x1,x2,...,xn), defined function
Then claim Fn(x) empirical distribution function for being totality X.It can be abbreviated as Fn(x)=1/n*{x1,x2,...,xn,
Wherein*{x1,x2,...,xnIndicate x1,x2,...,xnIn be not more than x number.Another common representation is
Wherein, I is indicative function, i.e.,
Therefore, empirical distribution function F is soughtn(x) value at x on one point, as long as finding out the n observation x of stochastic variable x1,
x2,...,xnIn be less than or equal to the number of x, then divided by observation frequency n.It can be seen that FnIt (x) is exactly only in n times repetition
The frequency that event { X≤x } occurs in vertical experiment.
It is drawn very according to the measurement numerical value of the second internode length of stem variable obtained in step S1, and according to probability density function
True probability density function figure；
The formula of the probability density function (probability density function, PDF) is：If for
The distribution function F (x) of machine variable X, there are nonnegative function f (x), so that having for any real numberThen claim X
(x is the measured value x of i.e. sample1,x2,...,xn) it is random variable of continuous type, wherein f (x) is known as the probability density function of X,
Abbreviation probability density.The probability density function of random data indicates that instantaneous amplitude falls in the probability in certain specified range, therefore is
The function of amplitude.It changes with the amplitude of taken range.
Probability density function has the following property：f(x)≥0；Due to
The probability density function is from distribution function, therefore the figure of probability density function can be directly according to sample measurement data
Each data x1,x2,...,xnIt is calculated.
3. true empirical distribution function figure and normal state empirical distribution function curve are compared, pass through judgment curves deviation
The size of degree comes whether preliminary judgement sample data meets normal distribution；Trues probability density functional arrangement and normal probability paper is close
Line of writing music compares, also according to extent of deviation size and the curve shape degree of consistency, come determine sample data whether be
Normal Distribution；
If the distribution function figure or true empirical probability density functional arrangement of true empirical distribution function figure and normal distribution
It is small with the deviation of the probability density function figure of normal distribution and shape is consistent, then second internode length of Dendrobidium huoshanness sample stem to be detected
Meet normal distribution, if the deviation obviously very big and different cause of shape, second internode length of Dendrobidium huoshanness sample stem to be detected
Normal distribution is not met.
By drawing sample empirical distribution function figure and sample empirical probability density functional arrangement, and by itself and normal distribution phase
Functional arrangement is answered to compare, the intuitive difference degree for observing two curves, so that whether the second internode length of judgement sample stem variable comes
From normal distribution.
Hypothesis testing
The hypothesis testing includes any one during JB inspection, KS inspection and Lilliefors are examined, preferably
Lilliefors is examined.
The Lilliefors test statistics T=sup | F*(x)-S (x) |, in formula, T is Liffiefors inspection statistics
Amount, F*It (x) be mean value is 0, the normal distribution cumulative distribution function that standard deviation is 1, S (x) isExperience be distributed letter
Numerical value, when test statistics T is more than to examine critical value, refuses null hypothesis H under the significance of α0；Otherwise, it cannot refuse
Exhausted null hypothesis.
By Lilliefors normal distribution hypothesis testing method can more objective judgement sample whether from one
Normal distribution is overall.
S4：Standard section：If obtained result is Normal Distribution in step S3, totally counted according to normal distribution
It calculates formula and obtains 95% confidence interval of mean value and 95% confidence interval of standard deviation；
If stem the second internode length variable test of normality result of Dendrobidium huoshanness is to disobey normal distribution in step S3, examine
Consider Infinite-Sample Properties, i.e., it is when sample size is bigger, i.e., general to require>30, then according to central-limit theorem it is found that the sample
It still is able to calculate 95% confidence interval of its mean value and 95% confidence interval of standard deviation according to the formula of normal population.
95% confidence interval of mean value obtained above and 95% confidence interval of standard deviation just can be unknown as identifying
The critical field of sample degree of purity.
Embodiment 2
A kind of judgment criteria of the purebred phase recency of Dendrobidium huoshanness, mainly includes the following steps that：
(1)：Acquisition and the consistent wild Dendrobidium huoshanness sample of gene sequencing conclusion, sample size are 117, and measurement is each
The second internode length of stem of sample, measurement result are as follows：The second internode length of stem variation range of Dendrobidium huoshanness substantially 2.15mm~
24.01mm, the result that average level substantially obtains after 8.49mm~10.52mm, calculating are：Mean value：10.52mm median：
10.36mm mode：8.49mm, the standard deviation of the second internode length fluctuation are 3.85mm, mean absolute deviation：3.00mm variation lines
Number：0.37.
And according to above-mentioned data creating histogram and box diagram by data visualization, as illustrated in fig. 1 and 2.By box diagram 1~
It is found that there are abnormal points in numerical value collected in 2, learn the abnormal point not due to measurement error or note by checking again
Caused by record fault, therefore the point also belongs to normal value, retains this data.
(2) identify the standard section of Dendrobidium huoshanness sample degree of purity to be determined
According to the quantitative value of each plant of the second internode length of stem in 117 samples measured, and rule of thumb it is distributed letter
Number draws the curve of true empirical distribution function, as shown on the solid line in figure 3；The curve of empirical distribution function is one in jump
The step curve risen.Smooth curve is the figure of the theoretic distribution function of overall X in figure.
According to the quantitative value of each plant of the second internode length of stem in 117 samples measured, and according to probability density letter
Number draws trues probability density function curves, as shown in solid in Fig. 4.
Huoshan is drawn according to the data of the second internode length of stem of Dendrobidium huoshanness, and according to the formula of normal state empirical distribution function
The normal state empirical distribution function curve of dendrobium nobile, as shown in Figure 3.
Standard is drawn according to the data of the second internode length of stem of Dendrobidium huoshanness, and according to the formula of normal probability density function
The normal probability density function curve of Dendrobidium huoshanness, as shown in Figure 4.
The ordinate of Fig. 3 indicates the cumulative probability that event { X≤x } occurs in 117 repetition independent experiments, and ordinate indicates
Be the sum of probability that sample event is less than or equal to some numerical value, by accumulating experience, distribution function can be unified at one
The probability distribution that variable is described under angle, for normal distribution, cumulative distribution function has a fixed curve,
So difference of accumulate experience the distribution function figure and normal cumulative empirical distribution function figure of the drafting of comparative sample data, Ji Kezhi
It sees ground and finds out whether sample data meets normal distribution.Fig. 4 ordinate indicates that the density of probability, density are bigger at the range
Probability is also bigger.The abscissa of Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 indicates the value range of stochastic variable, i.e., abscissa is Dendrobidium huoshanness stem the
The quantitative range of two internode lengths, the ordinate of Fig. 3 indicate that sample data is less than or equal to the sum of probability accumulation of some numerical value, figure
4 ordinate indicates the density of probability, and the bigger probability at the range of density is also bigger.
According to the empirical distribution function figure and probability density function figure drawn, stem from the more intuitive angle from subjectivity is come
Whether the distribution of the second internode length sample data obeys normality.Empirical distribution function curve can be used to assess distribution and data
Degree of fitting, estimate percentile and the different sample distribution of comparison.Dendrobidium huoshanness stem second can be intuitive to see by Fig. 3
The distribution situation of internode length data.
Specifically, it can see from the empirical distribution function figure of Fig. 3, true empirical distribution function curve and normal state experience
Distribution function curve is almost the same；From the probability density function figure of Fig. 4 as can be seen that trues probability density curve shape with
The shape of normal probability density curve is roughly the same.By being believed that Dendrobidium huoshanness substantially to the intuitive analysis of upper curve
Stem the second internode length sample data probably meets normal distribution.
Since in real life, many data all meet the feature of normal distribution, so we can first pass through the above method
To judge that the true distribution of initial data can not be adopted with normal distribution comparable situation for obviously meeting the data of normal distribution
Use hypothesis testing.
Next, by assuming that whether the method judgement sample examined really is from a normal distribution totality.
It is verified using the Lilliefors method of inspection, null hypothesis H0：Data Normal Distribution；Alternative hypothesis
H1：Data disobey normal distribution.
Test statistics and P value, inspection are calculated according to the data of the second internode length of stem in Dendrobidium huoshanness sample collected
Test that the results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1Lilliefors inspection result
| Statistic | Critical value | P value | Level of significance α | Whether null hypothesis is received |
| 0.0584 | 0.0824 | 0.4072 | 0.05 | It is |
Critical value in table 1 is not subjective given, but determined by the method for inspection and sample size.The work of P value
With being exactly to decide whether refusal null hypothesis, if P value is less than significance (generally taking 0.05), we just refuse
Null hypothesis thinks that data disobey normal distribution.The value that can be seen that statistic from the inspection result in table 1 is 0.0584,
Less than critical value 0.0824；P value is equal to 0.4072, is greater than significance (α=0.05)；So receiving null hypothesis, it is believed that suddenly
Mountain stem of Dendrobium the second internode length sample data Normal Distribution.
The calculation formula of above-mentioned P value is：When alternative hypothesis H1 is μ ≠ μ0When,When alternative hypothesis H1 is
μ > μ0When, p=1- Φ (Z0)；When alternative hypothesis H1 is μ < μ0When, p=Φ (Z0).Wherein, Φ (Z0) it is normal distribution experience letter
Number, be by tabling look-up to obtain, and μ is the statistic being calculated, μ0It is the assumption value of the statistic,
The P value can be directly calculated by software, such as Matlab software.
Its confidence interval etc. is calculated according to stem the second internode length data of the Dendrobidium huoshanness to be detected of the present embodiment acquisition, is had
The results are shown in Table 2 for body.
Mean value, the calculated result of standard deviation and confidence interval of 2 the second internode length of Dendrobidium huoshanness stem of table
| Mean value | 95% confidence interval of mean value | Standard deviation | 95% confidence interval of standard deviation |
| 10.5168 | (9.8124,11.2212) | 3.8470 | (3.4092,4.4147) |
95% confidence interval of mean value and 95% confidence interval of standard deviation are respectively：(9.8124,11.2212) and
(3.4092,4.4147), the section are just the standard section for judging the purebred phase recency of Dendrobidium huoshanness, i.e., the section is just to identify suddenly
The standard section of mountain dendrobium species degree of purity.
Embodiment 3
A kind of judgment method of the purebred phase recency of Dendrobidium huoshanness, the method are：
A. Dendrobidium huoshanness sample stem to be detected second internode length data are acquired, are excluded in sample due to measurement error or record
Error causes caused exceptional value；
B. calculate step A in Dendrobidium huoshanness sample stem to be detected second internode length data 95% confidence interval of mean value and
95% confidence interval of standard deviation, if the two in the standard section that embodiment 2 obtains, Dendrobidium huoshanness to be detected it is purebred
Phase recency is high, i.e., the degree of purity of Dendrobidium huoshanness to be detected is high；If sample stem the second internode length data of Dendrobidium huoshanness to be detected
At least one in 95% confidence interval of 95% confidence interval of mean value and standard deviation not in the standard section that embodiment 2 obtains,
Then the purebred phase recency of Dendrobidium huoshanness to be detected is low, i.e., the degree of purity of Dendrobidium huoshanness to be detected is low.
As further preferred embodiment, in step A, can by histogram described in embodiment 1 or embodiment 2 and
Box diagram carrys out auxiliary judgment, and whether there is or not exceptional values.
Embodiment 4
The associated research of the morphological feature and kind degree of purity of the present inventor's long campaigns Dendrobidium huoshanness, with research
It was found that Dendrobidium huoshanness being affected for certain morphological features that degree of purity is low, by a large amount of wild Dendrobidium huoshanness and
The data of the sample of artificial growth and summary, comparison, the research of sample etc., obtain substantially：Degree of purity is high, and (i.e. purebred is close
Degree is high) the empirical distribution function curve of Dendrobidium huoshanness its second internode length of stem, probability density function curve etc. and normal distribution
The deviation and shape of function curve are almost the same, and 95% confidence interval of mean value and 95% confidence interval of standard deviation are in embodiment
In the 2 standard sections obtained, and the Dendrobidium huoshanness sample to be measured of degree of purity lower (i.e. purebred phase recency is low) its mean value 95%
Confidence interval and 95% confidence interval of standard deviation at least one not in the standard section that embodiment 2 obtains, standard section is
95% confidence interval (9.8124,11.2212) of mean value and 95% confidence interval (3.4092,4.4147) of standard deviation.
In addition, in the past ten years, the present inventor has carried out sample collection many times, meter in the multiple places in the whole nation
Calculate, comparison etc., and repeatedly carry out gene sequencing, compared and found by big data, the judgment method in the present invention it is accurate
Rate is 90% or more.If 95% confidence interval of mean value and 95% confidence interval of standard deviation of Dendrobidium huoshanness sample to be measured be not in standard
In section, then the gene order similarity of Dendrobidium huoshanness and real Dendrobidium huoshanness is tested 95% hereinafter, and in above-mentioned mark
Tested Dendrobidium huoshanness sample in quasi- section, with the gene order similarity of real Dendrobidium huoshanness substantially 95% with
On.
Some tested Dendrobidium huoshanness samples placed on record are now randomly selected, as described in Example 3 to its mean value
95% confidence interval of 95% confidence interval and standard deviation is calculated, as shown in table 3 below.
3 part case of table illustrates situation table (the second internode length of stem)
In upper table, place is province where tested sample, and 95% confidence interval of mean value and 95% confidence interval of standard deviation are equal
Refer to the tested obtained section of Dendrobidium huoshanness sample, if whether be the value of tested Dendrobidium huoshanness sample in standard section at this
Invent obtained 95% confidence interval of mean value；Phase recency is tested quantity and sample size of the Dendrobidium huoshanness sample in section
The percentage of ratio.
For above-mentioned sample, by practical measurement it is found that the accuracy rate of the application method is high, with important application reference
Value.
When it is implemented, the formula that the present invention needs to use is as follows：
Mean value：Here mean value is arithmetic mean of instantaneous value (mean), and calculation method isWherein n is dendrobium nobile
Sample size.
Median：It, can be by finding out one of middle after all observed values height are sorted for limited manifold
Usually take the average of most intermediate two values as median if observed value has even number as median.
When N is odd number, m0.5=X(N+1)/2；When N is even number,
Mode：Generally use M0It indicates, is exactly that number that accounting example is most in one group of data.
Standard deviation：Standard deviation is a kind of measurement of one group of statistical average degree of scatter, and a biggish standard deviation represents
It differs greatly between most of numerical value and its average value；One lesser standard deviation represents these numerical value and is closer to average value.Meter
Calculating formula isWherein μ is average value.Because what we largely contacted is sample, generally calculate
Be sample standard deviation, sample standard deviation can be understood as a unbiased esti-mator to given population standard deviation, calculation formula
ForWhereinFor sample average.
Mean absolute deviation：It is usually denoted as MAD (Mean Absolute Deviation), calculate each observed value and is averaged
Value apart from summation, then take its average.Calculation formula is
The coefficient of variation：When needing to compare two groups of data discrete degree sizes, if the measurement scale of two groups of data
Too big or data dimension difference is differed, is directly compared using standard deviation improper, should just eliminate measurement at this time
The influence of scale and dimension, and the coefficient of variation (CV, Coefficient of Variation) can accomplish this point, for original
The ratio of beginning data standard difference and initial data average.The calculation formula of the coefficient of variation is
Confidence interval：Mean value and standard deviation that front calculates are the point estimate of parameter, are with counted one, sample
Value removes estimation unknown parameter.But point estimate is only an approximation of unknown parameter, it does not reflect this approximation
The error range of value, the form that range leads to conventional section provide.It is desirable that determine a section, it can be with relatively high reliable journey
Degree believes that it includes true parameter value, this degree of reliability is commonly referred to as confidence level, is denoted as 1- α, and α is known as the level of signifiance here,
It is the positive number of a very little, usually takes α=0.025,0.05,0.1 etc..
Work as variances sigma2When known, statistic isThe confidence interval of mean μ is：
Work as variances sigma2When unknown, statistic isThe confidence interval of mean μ is：
When mean μ is unknown, statistic isThe confidence interval of standard deviation sigma is：
Lilliefors is examined：
Hypothesis testing is for judgement sample and sample, and sample and overall difference are to be caused by sampling error or essence
Statistical Inference caused by difference.The basic principle is that first making certain it is assumed that then grinding by sampling to overall feature
The statistical inference studied carefully should be rejected this hypothesis or receive to draw an inference.Normal distribution-test in hypothesis testing includes
Three classes：Whether JB is examined, KS is examined, Lilliefors is examined, for test samples from a normal distribution totality.
Wherein, Liffiefors inspection is the improvement that KS is examined, and KS inspection is that sample and standardized normal distribution is (equal
Value is 0, variance 1) it compares, and the target not instead of standard normal that Liffiefors is examined, have identical as sample
The normal distribution of mean value and variance.It is suitable for the normal distribution-test of small sample, unknown parameters, therefore for dendrobium nobile sample number
According to test of normality for, Liffiefors inspection be most suitable.
Inspection principle and method are as follows：
1. null hypothesis：H0：Data Normal Distribution；H1：Data disobey normal distribution.Level of significance α=
0.05。
2. test statistics：
T=sup | F*(x)-S(x)|
In formula, T is Liffiefors test statistics, F*(x) be mean value be 0, standard deviation be 1 normal distribution iterated integral
Cloth function, S (x) areEmpirical distribution function value.It just needs to use sample size and initial data when calculating S (x)
Value.
Judgment principle：Under the significance of α, when test statistics T is more than to examine critical value, refuse null hypothesis
H0；Otherwise, null hypothesis cannot be refused.
When it is implemented, the applicant is studied by being engaged in gene sequencing conclusion and Dendrobidium huoshanness morphological feature for many years,
Obtained the second internode length of Dendrobidium huoshanness stem and its degree of purity be closely related, guard for, judgement accuracy rate 90% with
On.
In the present invention, the second internode of stem refers to is started counting by the lowermost end of Dendrobidium huoshanness stem, the second section and first segment
Between just be second internode, the length of stem i.e. second internode of the second internode length.
Finally it should be noted that：Above-described embodiments are merely to illustrate the technical scheme, rather than to it
Limitation；Although the present invention is described in detail referring to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that：
It can still modify to technical solution documented by previous embodiment, or to part of or all technical features into
Row equivalent replacement；And these modifications or substitutions, it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution various embodiments of the present invention technical side
The range of case.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of foundation for the method for judging the purebred phase recency of Dendrobidium huoshanness, it is characterised in that：The establishment process includes following
Step：
S1：Standard data acquisition：Acquisition and the consistent Dendrobidium huoshanness sample of gene sequencing conclusion, sample size n, measurement are each
The second internode length of stem of sample, obtains the measurement numerical value of stem the second internode length variable；
S2：Test of normality：Test of normality is carried out to sample stem the second internode length variable；
S3：Standard section：If obtained result is Normal Distribution in step S2, totally calculated according to normal distribution public
Formula obtains 95% confidence interval of mean value and 95% confidence interval of standard deviation；
If stem the second internode length variable test of normality result of Dendrobidium huoshanness is disobeys normal distribution in step S2, if
Sample size exceeds 30, then according to central-limit theorem it is found that the sample still is able to calculate it according to the formula of normal population
95% confidence interval of mean value and 95% confidence interval of standard deviation；
95% confidence interval of mean value obtained above and 95% confidence interval of standard deviation just can be as identification unknown samples
The critical field of degree of purity.
2. the foundation of the method for the judgement purebred phase recency of Dendrobidium huoshanness according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step S1
After obtaining the measurement numerical value of stem the second internode length variable, the second section of stem is calculated according to the measurement numerical value of stem the second internode length variable
Between long variable basic statistics amount, the basic statistics amount includes average level and dispersion degree, then according to basic statistics amount
Determining data, whether there is or not exceptional values, are checked if having exceptional value, if belonging to measurement error or record fault suppressing exception
Point, if not because of error, then this data should be retained.
3. the foundation of the method for the judgement purebred phase recency of Dendrobidium huoshanness according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：It is described flat
Horizontal includes at least one of mean value, median and mode, the dispersion degree include standard deviation, mean absolute deviation and
The coefficient of variation；
The basic statistics amount further includes will according to the measurement numerical value of stem the second internode length variable production histogram and/or box diagram
Data visualization makes its more convenient determining wrong exceptional value.
4. the foundation of the method for the judgement purebred phase recency of Dendrobidium huoshanness according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described just
It includes at least one of visual image analysis and hypothesis testing that state property, which is examined,.
5. the foundation of the method for the judgement purebred phase recency of Dendrobidium huoshanness according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：It is described just
It includes visual image analysis and hypothesis testing that state property, which is examined,.
6. the foundation of the method for the judgement purebred phase recency of Dendrobidium huoshanness according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：It is described straight
See image analysis method be：
1. according to normal state empirical distribution functionThe normal state experience for drawing Dendrobidium huoshanness is distributed letter
Number curve；
According to normal probability density functionDraw the normal probability density curve of Dendrobidium huoshanness；Work as μ
When=0, σ=1, normal distribution just becomes standardized normal distribution：
2. being according to the measurement numerical value of the second internode length of stem variable obtained in step S1, and according to formula
Empirical distribution function draw true empirical distribution function；
It is according to the measurement numerical value of the second internode length of stem variable obtained in step S1, and according to formula's
Probability density function draws trues probability density functional arrangement；
3. true empirical distribution function figure and the distribution function curve of normal distribution are compared, pass through judgment curves extent of deviation
Size comes whether preliminary judgement sample data meets normal distribution；The probability of trues probability density functional arrangement and normal distribution is close
Curve comparison is spent, also according to extent of deviation size and the curve shape degree of consistency, to determine whether sample data is to obey
Normal distribution；
If the distribution function figure or true empirical probability density functional arrangement of true empirical distribution function figure and normal distribution and just
The deviation of the probability density function figure of state distribution is small and shape is consistent, then second internode length of Dendrobidium huoshanness sample stem to be detected meets
Normal distribution, if deviation is obviously very big and the different cause of shape, second internode length of Dendrobidium huoshanness sample stem to be detected are not inconsistent
Close normal distribution.
7. the method for the judgement purebred phase recency of Dendrobidium huoshanness according to claim 5 establishes method, it is characterised in that：It is described
Hypothesis testing includes any one during JB inspection, KS inspection and Lilliefors are examined.
8. the method for the judgement purebred phase recency of Dendrobidium huoshanness according to claim 7 establishes method, it is characterised in that：It is described
Hypothesis testing is that Lilliefors is examined, the Lilliefors test statistics T=sup | F*(x)-S (x) |, in formula, T is
Liffiefors test statistics, F*It (x) be mean value is 0, the normal distribution cumulative distribution function that standard deviation is 1, S (x) isEmpirical distribution function value, under the significance of α, when test statistics T be more than examine critical value when, refuse
Exhausted null hypothesis H0；Otherwise, null hypothesis cannot be refused.
9. a kind of judgment criteria of the purebred phase recency of Dendrobidium huoshanness, it is characterised in that：The judgment criteria includes the following steps：
(1)：Acquisition and consistent 117, the wild Dendrobidium huoshanness sample of gene sequencing conclusion, measure the second section of stem of each sample
Between it is long, measurement result is as follows：Stem the second internode length variation range of Dendrobidium huoshanness is 2.15mm~24.01mm, and average level exists
8.49mm~10.52mm, the result obtained after calculating are：Mean value：10.52mm median：10.36mm mode：8.49mm stem
The standard deviation of second internode length fluctuation is 3.85mm, mean absolute deviation：3.00mm the coefficient of variation：0.37；(2)：Visual image
Analyze normal distribution：Empirical distribution function figure and probability density function figure are drawn according to the data in step (1), by true experience
The result that distribution function figure is compared with normal state empirical distribution function curve is：The curve of the two is almost the same；To be really general
The result that rate density function figure is compared with normal probability density curve is：The shape of the curve of the two is roughly the same；
By the intuitive analysis to the above figure it is found that Dendrobidium huoshanness stem the second internode length sample data probably meets normal state
Distribution；
(3)：Lilliefors is examined：Null hypothesis is H0：Data Normal Distribution；Alternative hypothesis H1：Data disobey normal state
Distribution；It is by the inspection result that the data in step (1) obtain：
The value of statistic is 0.0584, is less than critical value 0.0824；P value be equal to 0.4072, be greater than significance (α=
0.05), so receiving null hypothesis, then it can confirm Dendrobidium huoshanness sample data Normal Distribution；
(4)：The mean value 95% of the second internode length of Dendrobidium huoshanness stem sample data is then calculated according to normal distribution totality calculation formula
95% confidence interval of confidence interval and standard deviation, respectively：
95% confidence interval of above-mentioned mean value and 95% confidence interval of standard deviation are respectively：(9.8124,11.2212) and
(3.4092,4.4147), the section are just the standard section for judging the purebred phase recency of Dendrobidium huoshanness.
10. a kind of judgment method of the purebred phase recency of Dendrobidium huoshanness, it is characterised in that：The method is：
A. Dendrobidium huoshanness sample stem to be detected second internode length data are acquired, are excluded in sample due to measurement error or recording error
Cause caused exceptional value；
B. 95% confidence interval of mean value and standard of the Dendrobidium huoshanness sample stem to be detected second internode length data in step A are calculated
Poor 95% confidence interval, if the two, in standard section, the purebred phase recency of Dendrobidium huoshanness to be detected is high, i.e., to be detected
The degree of purity of Dendrobidium huoshanness is high；If 95% confidence interval of mean value of sample stem the second internode length data of Dendrobidium huoshanness to be detected and
At least one in 95% confidence interval of standard deviation be not in standard section, then the purebred phase recency of Dendrobidium huoshanness to be detected
Low, i.e., the degree of purity of Dendrobidium huoshanness to be detected is low；The standard section is：The 95% of 95% confidence interval of mean value and standard deviation
Confidence interval is respectively：(9.8124,11.2212) and (3.4092,4.4147).
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