CN108875282A - The measuring method of the hydration reaction activation energy of concrete with added magnesium oxide and application - Google Patents
The measuring method of the hydration reaction activation energy of concrete with added magnesium oxide and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN108875282A CN108875282A CN201810899706.4A CN201810899706A CN108875282A CN 108875282 A CN108875282 A CN 108875282A CN 201810899706 A CN201810899706 A CN 201810899706A CN 108875282 A CN108875282 A CN 108875282A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to concrete structure simulation technical fields, are related to measuring method and the application of the hydration reaction activation energy of concrete with added magnesium oxide.This method includes：According to Arrhenius formula, the relationship between magnesia hydration reaction rate and temperature, magnesia degree of hydration and hydration reaction activation energy is established；In conjunction with the relationship between magnesia degree of hydration and expansion capacity of concrete, the mathematical model for calculating magnesia hydration reaction activation energy in concrete is established；Established mathematical model is utilized, in conjunction with the test data of magnesium oxide concrete autogenous volumetric deformation, calculates the magnesia hydration reaction activation energy in magnesium oxide concrete.Inventive algorithm is derived by math equation, theoretically tightly, can directly be solved by the data of magnesium oxide concrete autogenous volumetric deformation；Magnesia is reacted with water or cement containing magnesia carries out aquation dynamic analysis compared to directlying adopt, and more can really reflect magnesia in the response situation of inside concrete, method is simple, easy to operate.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to concrete structure simulation technical fields, in particular to a kind of concrete with added magnesium oxide
The measuring method of hydration reaction activation energy and application.
Background technique
Magnesia is added in concrete, is a kind of one of very effective crack prevention technique：Utilize the micro- of magnesia aquation
Dilatancy can compensate for tensile stress and volume contraction that concrete generates in temperature-fall period, so that reaching prevents structure crack
Purpose.To the research that magnesium oxide concrete compensation is shunk, in the research and design process of Practical Project, significantly more efficient benefit
With the shrinkage-compensating function of magnesium oxide concrete, it is of great significance.The aquation dynamics of periclase is that magnesium oxide concrete is swollen
The dilatancy of swollen theoretical basis, expansion character and prediction magnesia to understanding magnesia is significant, to oxidation
Stability evaluation of the magnesium in cement also has directive function.
The hydration rate of periclase determines the expansion character of magnesium oxide concrete, the hydration rate and periclase of periclase
Formation condition (ambient temperature and humidity etc.) have much relations.Aquation power of the existing scholar to light calcined magnesia at present
Studied, correlative study the result shows that aquation of the light calcined magnesia in pure water and its aquation in clinker are dynamic
For mechanical equation there are apparent difference, this species diversity is related with the method for the property of periclase itself and test.Compared to direct
It is reacted with pure water, for magnesia in cement concrete, situation wants increasingly complex.It is included in some researchs using clinker
Periclase, this periclase generates that temperature is high, and hydration activity is low, and can part be wrapped up by cement minerals, the water of periclase
Change is influenced by hydrated cementitious.It is tested in this way, directly reflects the aquation for including magnesia in cement.
However, mixing outside, light calcined magnesia calcination temperature compared with including magnesia in cement is low, and the activity of periclase is high, together
When outside the light calcined magnesia mixed only simply mixed with cement, and there is no mutually wrap up.Thus existing research knot
Whether aquation dynamics of the periclase aquation dynamics and mixed magnesia that fruit obtains in cement or even concrete is consistent
It needs further to study.Therefore, hydration reaction dynamic characteristic of the research mixed magnesia in concrete has weight
Big meaning.
In consideration of it, the present invention is specifically proposed.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of measuring and calculating sides of the hydration reaction activation energy of concrete with added magnesium oxide
Method, this method can overcome the above problem or at least be partially solved above-mentioned technical problem, propose a kind of mixed magnesia
Key parameter-hydration reaction activation energy measurement and calculation method in inside concrete aquation dynamic analysis.
It is another object of the present invention to provide the hydration reaction activation energy of the concrete with added magnesium oxide described in one kind
Application of the measuring method in the dynamics research of the concrete comprising magnesia.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：
According to an aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a kind of hydration reaction activation energy of concrete with added magnesium oxide
Measuring method includes the following steps：
According to Arrhenius formula, establishes magnesia hydration reaction rate and temperature, magnesia degree of hydration and aquation are anti-
Answer the relationship between activation energy；
In conjunction with the relationship between magnesia degree of hydration and expansion capacity of concrete, it is anti-to establish magnesia aquation in calculating concrete
Answer the mathematical model of activation energy；
Established mathematical model is utilized, in conjunction with the test data of magnesium oxide concrete autogenous volumetric deformation, calculates oxidation
Magnesia hydration reaction activation energy in magnesium concrete.
As further preferred technical solution, according to Arrhenius formula, the magnesia hydration reaction rate of t moment with
Relationship between temperature, magnesia degree of hydration and hydration reaction activation energy is represented by：
Wherein, ζ is magnesia degree of hydration；To chemically react affinity；EmFor hydration reaction activation energy, unit kJ/
mol；R is mol gas constant, unit kJ/molK；T is thermodynamic temperature, unit K.
As further preferred technical solution, the relationship between magnesia degree of hydration and expansion capacity of concrete is represented by：
εau=f (ζ)；
Wherein, εauFor the autogenous volumetric deformation amount of magnesium oxide concrete；F (ζ) is the aquation journey of inside concrete magnesia
The function of degree.
As further preferred technical solution, the mathematical model of magnesia hydration reaction activation energy can be indicated in concrete
For：
Wherein, EmFor hydration reaction activation energy, unit kJ/mol；R is mol gas constant, unit kJ/molK；t1With
t2Respectively the first age and the second age, unit day；T1And T2Respectively the first thermodynamic temperature and the second thermodynamic temperature,
Unit K.
As further preferred technical solution, the mathematics of magnesia hydration reaction activation energy in established concrete is utilized
Model, in conjunction with the test data of magnesium oxide concrete autogenous volumetric deformation, to concrete autogenous body under two condition of different temperatures
The data of product deformation are analyzed, and are chosen autogenous volumetric deformation same or similar age, can be calculated in concrete
Magnesia hydration reaction activation energy.
As further preferred technical solution, the test data of magnesium oxide concrete autogenous volumetric deformation include concrete from
Raw body accumulates deflection, temperature and age.
As further preferred technical solution, the concrete with added magnesium oxide include coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, cement,
Flyash, water-reducing agent, air entraining agent, water and light calcined magnesia swelling agent；
Preferably, the volume of light calcined magnesia swelling agent is 0.1~5.0wt%, preferably 0.3~3.5wt%.
As further preferred technical solution, the calcination temperature of the light calcined magnesia swelling agent is 850~1200 DEG C,
The sintering soak time is 0.5h~2h.
As further preferred technical solution, periclase, lime stone, white clouds of raw material of the magnesia in raw material containing magnesium
At least one of stone or magnesite.
According to another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a kind of aquation of concrete with added magnesium oxide as described above
Application of the measuring method of reaction activity in the dynamics research of the concrete comprising magnesia.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are：
1, the present invention provides a kind of new magnesia hydration reaction dynamic analysis methods suitable for concrete, especially
It is suitable for aquation dynamics research of the very few mixed magnesia of current research in concrete, and then have filled up the field and ground
The blank studied carefully, performance and application study for magnesium oxide concrete provide strong guidance.
2, measuring method of the invention, using between Arrhenius formula, magnesia degree of hydration and expansion capacity of concrete
Relationship, the test data of magnesium oxide concrete autogenous volumetric deformation etc., the magnesia in magnesium oxide concrete can be calculated
Hydration reaction activation energy calculates magnesia hydration reaction that is, in such a way that math equation derives and experimental data combines
Activation energy, compared to the hydration reaction activation energy for including magnesia in cement is directlyed adopt, method of the invention is more tight, smart
Quasi-, reliable, method is simple, it is easy to accomplish, it has a good application prospect.
3, the present invention may advantageously facilitate the development of the aquation kinetic theory of magnesium oxide concrete, thus to mixed magnesia
The design of material of concrete certain theoretical foundation is provided.
4, the present invention more can really reflect magnesia in the response situation of inside concrete, existing specific theoretical base
Plinth, but have method it is simple, flexible, easily operated, strong operability, result reliability is good, be easy in practice using etc. spies
Point.
Detailed description of the invention
It, below will be to specific in order to illustrate more clearly of the specific embodiment of the invention or technical solution in the prior art
Embodiment or attached drawing needed to be used in the description of the prior art be briefly described, it should be apparent that, it is described below
Attached drawing is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, before not making the creative labor
It puts, is also possible to obtain other drawings based on these drawings.
Fig. 1 is the condition of different temperatures lower age of concrete and its autogenous volumetric deformation that one embodiment of the present invention provides
Between relationship and the present invention in t1And t2Schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments and examples, but this field skill
Art personnel will be understood that following embodiments and embodiment are merely to illustrate the present invention, and are not construed as limiting model of the invention
It encloses.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts
Every other embodiment, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.The person that is not specified actual conditions, according to normal conditions or manufacturer builds
The condition of view carries out.
In a first aspect, a kind of hydration reaction activation energy of concrete with added magnesium oxide is provided at least one embodiment
Measuring method includes the following steps：
According to Arrhenius formula, establishes magnesia hydration reaction rate and temperature, magnesia degree of hydration and aquation are anti-
Answer the relationship between activation energy；
In conjunction with the relationship between magnesia degree of hydration and expansion capacity of concrete, it is anti-to establish magnesia aquation in calculating concrete
Answer the mathematical model of activation energy；
Established mathematical model is utilized, in conjunction with the test data of magnesium oxide concrete autogenous volumetric deformation, calculates oxidation
Magnesia hydration reaction activation energy in magnesium concrete.
The present invention provides key parameter-water in a kind of inside concrete aquation dynamic analysis of mixed magnesia
Change the measurement and calculation method of reaction activity.This method is using conventional autogenous volumetric deformation test cooperation theory deduction
Method：During solving the hydration reaction activation energy of magnesia, the aquation for describing magnesia using Arrhenius formula is anti-
The relationship between rate and temperature is answered, in conjunction with the relationship between magnesia hydration reaction degree and expansion capacity of concrete, establishes meter
Calculate the mathematical model of hydration reaction activation energy of the magnesia in concrete；Finally, combining the examination of conventional autogenous volumetric deformation
It tests as a result, hydration reaction activation energy of the magnesia in concrete can be found out.
Method of the invention has filled up the blank in terms of aquation dynamics research of the mixed magnesia in concrete, for
The performance of magnesium oxide concrete and application study provide strong guidance.Magnesia is included in cement compared to directlying adopt
Hydration reaction activation energy, method of the invention is more tight, precisely, it is reliable, method is simple, it is easy to accomplish, have good
Application prospect.
The present invention may advantageously facilitate the development of the aquation kinetic theory of magnesium oxide concrete, thus to mixed magnesia
The design of material of concrete provides certain theoretical foundation.The present invention more can really reflect magnesia in the reaction of inside concrete
Situation, existing specific theoretical basis, and have method simple, flexible, easily operated, strong operability, result reliability is good,
It is easy to the features such as applying in practice.
In a preferred embodiment, it the described method comprises the following steps：
(a) magnesium oxide concrete expansion rate：
According to Arrhenius formula, establishes magnesia hydration reaction rate and temperature, magnesia degree of hydration and aquation are anti-
Answer the relationship between activation energy.
The expansion of magnesium oxide concrete is substantially the process that magnesia aquation generates magnesium hydroxide.Therefore, the process
The universal law of chemical reaction is equally followed, temperature and concentration are major influence factors, faster, the magnesia water of the higher reaction of temperature
It is faster to change rate, corresponding expansion increment is also bigger；Meanwhile expansion rate with participate in react magnesia content (it is understood that
For the concentration in liquid chemical reaction) it is directly proportional, meet chemical reaction kinetics equation-arrhenius equation
(Arrhenius equation).
Thus, the magnesia hydration reaction rate of t moment is represented by the chemical reaction affinity and temperature, water at the moment
Change the function of reactivity energy, as formula (1)：
Wherein, ζ is magnesia degree of hydration；To chemically react affinity；EmFor hydration reaction activation energy, unit kJ/
mol；R is mol gas constant, unit kJ/molK；T is thermodynamic temperature, unit K.
(b) magnesium oxide concrete autogenous volumetric deformation：
The autogenous volumetric deformation of magnesium oxide concrete is mainly caused by the aquation of magnesia, therefore, by magnesium oxide concrete
The function of its degree of hydration can be used to simulate in own vol deformation.That is, between magnesia degree of hydration and expansion capacity of concrete
Relationship is represented by formula (2)：
εau=f (ζ) (2)
Wherein, εauFor the autogenous volumetric deformation amount of magnesium oxide concrete；F (ζ) is the aquation journey of inside concrete magnesia
The function of degree.
Concrete sample identical for ingredient, it is believed that when the autogenous volumetric deformation of concrete is identical,
The degree of hydration of internal oxidation magnesium is also identical.
(c) magnesia hydration reaction activation energy：
In conjunction with the relationship between magnesia degree of hydration and expansion capacity of concrete, it is anti-to establish magnesia aquation in calculating concrete
Answer the mathematical model of activation energy；
According to formula (1), to arbitrary magnesia degree of hydration (ζ), the expansion rate of concrete is only related to temperature.Cause
This, under the conditions of two different constant concrete curing temperature, the ratio between hydration reaction rate (expansion rate) is temperature
Function：
Therefore, the time needed for reaching identical degree of hydration is similarly related to the temperature of concrete.Formula (1) is rewritable
For：
Formula (5) both sides are integrated simultaneously, can be obtained：
To which the time needed for reaching the degree of hydration of a certain fixation under condition of different temperatures can be expressed as：
In turn, in conjunction with above-mentioned formula, magnesia hydration reaction activation energy in concretemMathematical model be represented by：
Wherein, EmFor hydration reaction activation energy, unit kJ/mol；R is mol gas constant, unit kJ/molK；t1With
t2Respectively the first age and the second age, unit day；T1And T2Respectively the first thermodynamic temperature and the second thermodynamic temperature,
Unit K.
It only need to be to two not in conjunction with the autogenous volumetric deformation experimental data of magnesium oxide concrete according to above-mentioned equation (11)
The data of synthermal Under Concrete autogenous volumetric deformation are analyzed, and autogenous volumetric deformation same or similar age is chosen
Phase can be inquired into the hydration reaction activation energy of magnesia by the equation.
By being analyzed above it is found that hydration reaction activation energy of the magnesia in concrete can be by testing its autosite
Product deformation is found out indirectly.
The present invention gives the specific method for solving of the measuring method of the hydration reaction activation energy of concrete with added magnesium oxide,
It is easy to operate, it is easy to accomplish.
In a preferred embodiment, the concrete with added magnesium oxide include coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, cement,
Flyash, water-reducing agent, air entraining agent, water and light calcined magnesia swelling agent；
Preferably, the volume of light calcined magnesia swelling agent is 0.1~5.0wt%, preferably 0.3~3.5wt%；
Preferably, the water-cement ratio of concrete with added magnesium oxide is 0.45~0.65, preferably 0.56~0.59.
It is understood that the present invention is not particularly limited the concrete composition ingredient of magnesium oxide concrete, for each
The dosage of raw material is also not particularly limited, according to actual design, application demand, using commonly used in the art or well known mixed
It coagulates soil raw material and is prepared, and mix a certain amount of magnesia outside.This method is adaptable good, practical
The features such as.
In a preferred embodiment, the calcination temperature of the light calcined magnesia swelling agent is 850~1200 DEG C,
The sintering soak time is 0.5h~2h.
In a preferred embodiment, periclase, lime stone, white clouds of raw material of the magnesia in raw material containing magnesium
At least one of stone or magnesite.
It should be understood that source of the present invention for magnesia, the processing modes such as calcination temperature and condition are not also made
It is specifically limited, raw materials of magnesium oxide commonly used in the art or suitable can be selected, and be spiked into after being handled according to the actual situation
In concrete.
Second aspect, the hydration reaction for providing concrete with added magnesium oxide described in one kind at least one embodiment are living
Change application of the measuring method of energy in the dynamics research of the concrete comprising magnesia.
Combined with specific embodiments below and attached drawing, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 shows the condition of different temperatures lower age of concrete and its autogenous volume that one embodiment of the present invention provides
T in relationship and the present invention between deformation1And t2Schematic diagram；Shown in referring to Fig.1, a kind of water of concrete with added magnesium oxide
The measuring method for changing reaction activity, is realized using theory deduction：Solving the magnesia hydration reaction in magnesium oxide concrete
During activation energy, firstly, inquiring into according to the Arrhenius formula that chemical reaction rate is obeyed and chemically reacting activation energy out
Relationship between age and temperature；Then, by selecting two different fixed temperature T1And T2, find out and reach identical aquation
Relationship between the ratio and temperature of time needed for degree is established the magnesia hydration reaction activation energy calculated in concrete and is solved
Mathematical model.
Then, the mathematical model of magnesia hydration reaction activation energy in the concrete that need to only provide according to the present invention, in conjunction with
The autogenous volumetric deformation test data of concrete chooses identical autogenous volumetric deformation amount (degree of hydration) corresponding age, i.e.,
It can be solved.
Now using certain using concrete with added magnesium oxide as the hydroelectric project of dam filing material, illustrate of the invention
Using.
Some hydropower station engineering is located at Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau western part Canyon Area, and reservoir dam is used as using concrete with added magnesium oxide and is filled out
Material is built to reach reduction temperature control measures, is shortened the construction period, the purpose of investment reduction.In conjunction with design requirement, by a series of examination
It tests, it is determined that the match ratio of dam concrete is shown in Table 1：
1 dam concrete each component table of table
The autogenous volumetric deformation data of concrete each age under condition of different temperatures, as shown in table 2.
The autogenous volumetric deformation of magnesium oxide concrete each age under condition of different temperatures of 2 different water-binder ratios of table
Using the measuring method of the hydration reaction activation energy of concrete with added magnesium oxide of the invention, respectively to two kinds of glues
The hydration reaction activation of the concrete with added magnesium oxide of ratio can be carried out calculating.
(1) magnesium oxide concrete of w/b=0.56
Choose two closest values of autogenous volumetric deformation：53.422 (30 DEG C, 28d age), 51.544 (40 DEG C,
14d age), using formula (11), can obtain：
Wherein, R is mol gas constant, 8.314kJ/molK, and then can acquire magnesia hydration reaction activation energym
For 54.7kJ/mol.
(2) magnesium oxide concrete of w/b=0.59
Choose two closest values of autogenous volumetric deformation：13.378 (20 DEG C, 7d age), 11.826 (40 DEG C, 3d
Age), using formula (11), can obtain：
Wherein, R is mol gas constant, 8.314kJ/molK, and then can acquire magnesia hydration reaction activation energym
For 32.5kJ/mol.
The hydration reaction activation energy that can be seen that the magnesia of different inside concretes from above example is not identical.
In addition, it will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that in practice process, it can be by increasing pendulous frequency to encrypt
Data point is calculated with searching out the identical data point of multiple groups autogenous volumetric deformation value, and is mentioned by the average method of multiple groups
The precision that height calculates.Certainly, noted here is points for attention of this method during practical application, but has no effect on the party
Tightness on law theory.
Algorithm of the invention is derived by math equation, theoretically tightly, reliably, and can be directly by magnesium oxide concrete
The data of autogenous volumetric deformation solve；Compared to directlying adopt, magnesia is reacted with water or cement containing magnesia carries out aquation
Dynamic analysis, this indirect method for solving is not only relatively convenient, but also more can really reflect magnesia in inside concrete
Response situation.In addition, present invention combination Practical Project is practiced, the specific example of this method is given, this method is easy in reality
Trample middle application.
Finally it should be noted that：The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention., rather than its limitations；To the greatest extent
Present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments for pipe, those skilled in the art should understand that：Its according to
So be possible to modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or to some or all of the technical features into
Row equivalent replacement；And these are modified or replaceed, various embodiments of the present invention technology that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution
The range of scheme.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of measuring method of the hydration reaction activation energy of concrete with added magnesium oxide, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
According to Arrhenius formula, establishes magnesia hydration reaction rate and temperature, magnesia degree of hydration and hydration reaction are living
Change the relationship between energy；
In conjunction with the relationship between magnesia degree of hydration and expansion capacity of concrete, it is living to establish magnesia hydration reaction in calculating concrete
Change the mathematical model of energy；
Established mathematical model is utilized, in conjunction with the test data of magnesium oxide concrete autogenous volumetric deformation, it is mixed to calculate magnesia
Magnesia hydration reaction activation energy in solidifying soil.
2. the measuring method of the hydration reaction activation energy of concrete with added magnesium oxide according to claim 1, feature exist
According to Arrhenius formula, the magnesia hydration reaction rate and temperature, magnesia degree of hydration and hydration reaction of t moment
Relationship between activation energy is represented by：
Wherein, ζ is magnesia degree of hydration；To chemically react affinity；EmFor hydration reaction activation energy, unit kJ/mol；R
For mol gas constant, unit kJ/molK；T is thermodynamic temperature, unit K.
3. the measuring method of the hydration reaction activation energy of concrete with added magnesium oxide according to claim 1, feature exist
In the relationship between magnesia degree of hydration and expansion capacity of concrete is represented by：
εau=f (ζ)；
Wherein, εauFor the autogenous volumetric deformation amount of magnesium oxide concrete；F (ζ) is the degree of hydration of inside concrete magnesia
Function.
4. the measuring method of the hydration reaction activation energy of concrete with added magnesium oxide according to claim 1, feature exist
In the mathematical model of magnesia hydration reaction activation energy is represented by concrete：
Wherein, EmFor hydration reaction activation energy, unit kJ/mol；R is mol gas constant, unit kJ/molK；t1And t2Point
Not Wei the first age and the second age, unit day；T1And T2Respectively the first thermodynamic temperature and the second thermodynamic temperature, unit
K。
5. the measuring method of the hydration reaction activation energy of concrete with added magnesium oxide according to claim 4, feature exist
In the mathematical model of magnesia hydration reaction activation energy in established concrete being utilized, in conjunction with magnesium oxide concrete autosite
The test data of product deformation, analyzes the data of concrete autogenous volumetric deformation under two condition of different temperatures, is selected from
Raw cubic deformation same or similar age, the magnesia hydration reaction activation energy in concrete can be calculated.
6. the measuring method of the hydration reaction activation energy of concrete with added magnesium oxide according to claim 1, feature exist
In the test data of magnesium oxide concrete autogenous volumetric deformation includes concrete autogenous volumetric deformation amount, temperature and age.
7. the measuring method of the hydration reaction activation energy of described in any item concrete with added magnesium oxide according to claim 1~6,
It is characterized in that, the concrete with added magnesium oxide include coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, cement, flyash, water-reducing agent, air entraining agent,
Water and light calcined magnesia swelling agent；
Preferably, the volume of light calcined magnesia swelling agent is 0.1~5.0wt%, preferably 0.3~3.5wt%.
8. the measuring method of the hydration reaction activation energy of described in any item concrete with added magnesium oxide according to claim 1~6,
It is characterized in that, the calcination temperature of the light calcined magnesia swelling agent be 850~1200 DEG C, the sintering soak time be 0.5h~
2h。
9. the measuring method of the hydration reaction activation energy of described in any item concrete with added magnesium oxide according to claim 1~6,
It is characterized in that, at least one in periclase, lime stone, dolomite or magnesite of raw material of the magnesia in raw material containing magnesium
Kind.
10. the measuring method of the hydration reaction activation energy of concrete with added magnesium oxide as described in any one of claims 1 to 9 exists
Application in the dynamics research of concrete comprising magnesia.
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| CN110442966A (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2019-11-12 | 华能澜沧江水电股份有限公司 | Magnesium oxide concrete temperature stress simulation method considering temperature time-varying effect |
| CN110595952A (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2019-12-20 | 吴宗周 | Method for measuring and calculating viscous flow activation energy of high polymer material |
| CN113030742A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2021-06-25 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Method, device and equipment for estimating battery capacity |
| CN116396026A (en) * | 2023-03-06 | 2023-07-07 | 中国长江三峡集团有限公司 | Preparation method of dam concrete |
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| CN113030742A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2021-06-25 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Method, device and equipment for estimating battery capacity |
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