CN108874196B - Induction quantity compensation method of touch sensor and touch panel thereof - Google Patents
Induction quantity compensation method of touch sensor and touch panel thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108874196B CN108874196B CN201710338918.0A CN201710338918A CN108874196B CN 108874196 B CN108874196 B CN 108874196B CN 201710338918 A CN201710338918 A CN 201710338918A CN 108874196 B CN108874196 B CN 108874196B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- sensing
- capacitance
- nodes
- terminal
- node
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
- G06F3/0416—Control or interface arrangements specially adapted for digitisers
- G06F3/0418—Control or interface arrangements specially adapted for digitisers for error correction or compensation, e.g. based on parallax, calibration or alignment
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
- G06F3/044—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for compensating induction quantity of a touch sensor and a touch panel thereof. The sensing quantity compensation method can simulate the virtual situation when a user finger touches each sensing node on the touch sensor respectively by virtue of a pseudo finger circuit, and further obtain the gain coefficient related to each sensing node, so as to ensure that when the sensing node really generates the sensing capacitance due to the touch of an external object, the gain coefficient of the sensing node can be used for compensating the current sensing capacitance, so as to cancel out the gain influence caused by the basic capacitance of the sensing node.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of sensor technologies, and in particular, to an induction compensation method and a touch panel thereof, which can simulate a capacitance variation degree of each sensing node on a touch sensor when a finger of a user touches the sensing node in advance by using a known fake finger circuit (fake finger circuit).
Background
Touch panels are widely used in various electronic products, and even touch panels can be combined with display panels (display panels) to form touch display screens. Generally, a touch panel includes a touch sensor and a touch controller, the touch sensor is mainly a two-dimensional capacitive touch sensor, and includes a plurality of sensing lines (sensing lines) arranged along a first direction and a plurality of driving lines (driving lines) arranged along a second direction. The first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other, so that the sensing lines and the driving lines are staggered to form a plurality of sensing nodes. It should be understood that the first direction and the second direction can be generally expressed in an X direction and a Y direction.
In addition, when an external object (e.g., a user's finger) touches a certain sensing node to generate a sensing capacitance of the sensing node, the sensing capacitance of the sensing node is necessarily proportional to (Δ Cm/Cm). Wherein Cm is a basic capacitance of the sensing node, i.e. an existing sensing capacitance of the sensing node before the external object touches the sensing node, and Δ Cm is a capacitance variation of the sensing node caused by the external object touch. Because of the influence of the process, the basic capacitance of each sensing node may not be the same, and thus the sensing capacitance generated by the external object touching different sensing nodes will also be different. However, the difference phenomenon caused by the different basic capacitances of each sensing node can easily cause the touch controller to make a misjudgment.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, embodiments of the present invention provide a sensing quantity compensation method for a touch sensor and a touch panel thereof, and more particularly, to a sensing quantity compensation method and a touch panel thereof capable of simulating a capacitance variation degree of each sensing node on the touch sensor when a user's finger touches the sensing node in advance by using a known dummy finger circuit.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for compensating induction quantity of a touch sensor. The induction quantity compensation method is executed in a touch controller. The touch sensor includes a plurality of sensing lines arranged along a first direction and a plurality of driving lines arranged along a second direction. The touch controller is electrically connected to the sensing lines and the driving lines of the touch sensor, and is used for transmitting a driving signal (driving signal) to the driving lines and receiving the sensing capacitance of each sensing node from the sensing lines. The steps of the induction compensation method are as follows. First, a capacitance variation associated with each sensing node is obtained by using at least one default circuit. Then, a gain factor corresponding to each sensing node is obtained according to the capacitance variation of each sensing node and the default circuit. Finally, for each of the sensing nodes, when an inductive capacitance is generated at a sensing node due to a touch of an external object, the gain coefficient of the sensing node is used to compensate the inductive capacitance generated at the sensing node due to the touch of the external object.
The embodiment of the invention further provides a touch panel. The touch panel comprises a touch sensor and a touch controller. The touch sensor comprises a plurality of sensing lines arranged along a first direction and a plurality of driving lines arranged along a second direction, wherein the first direction and the second direction are mutually vertical, the sensing lines and the driving lines are staggered to form a plurality of sensing nodes, and the touch controller is electrically connected with the sensing lines and the driving lines of the touch sensor, is used for transmitting a driving signal to the driving lines and receiving the sensing capacitance related to each sensing node from the sensing lines. The touch controller obtains a capacitance variation of each sensing node by using at least one default circuit, obtains a gain coefficient corresponding to each sensing node according to the capacitance variation of each sensing node and the default circuit, and compensates the sensing capacitance of each sensing node due to the touch of an external object by using the gain coefficient of the sensing node when the sensing capacitance is generated by the touch of the external object at the sensing node.
Preferably, the default circuit is a dummy finger circuit, and the dummy finger circuit is sequentially coupled between the driving lines and the sensing lines of each sensing node, and is configured to enable the touch controller to obtain a sensing capacitance associated with each sensing node due to the coupling of the dummy finger circuit.
Preferably, the pseudo finger circuit includes a first capacitor, a second capacitor and an electronic component (electronic component). The first end of the first capacitor is sequentially coupled to one of the driving lines, the first end of the second capacitor is coupled to the second end of the first capacitor, and the second end of the second capacitor is sequentially coupled to one of the sensing lines. In addition, the first terminal of the electronic component is coupled between the second terminal of the first capacitor and the first terminal of the second capacitor, and the second terminal of the electronic component is coupled to a ground voltage. The electronic component may be composed of at least one passive component.
Preferably, the touch controller performs the following steps to obtain the capacitance variation amount of each sensing node by using a default circuit. First, for each of the sensing nodes, when the dummy finger circuit is coupled between the driving line and the sensing line of a sensing node, the touch controller is configured to transmit a driving signal to the driving line of the sensing node to drive the sensing line of the sensing node to generate a sensing capacitance generated by the sensing node due to the dummy finger circuit coupling. Then, the capacitance variation of each sensing node is obtained by comparing the sensing capacitance generated by the coupling of the pseudo finger circuit of each sensing node with the ratio of a basic capacitance of each sensing node which is not existed before the touch of the external object.
Preferably, the touch controller further obtains a sensing value associated with each sensing node according to a sensing capacitance generated by each sensing node due to the coupling of the dummy finger circuit, and adjusts at least one sensing threshold of the touch controller according to the sensing values of the sensing nodes. The sensing threshold is used for judging whether the touch sensor is touched.
For a better understanding of the nature and technical content of the present invention, reference should be made to the following detailed description of the invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which are included to illustrate, but are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a method for compensating an induction amount of a touch sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a functional block diagram of a touch panel according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a default circuit in the touch panel of FIG. 2.
Fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a process of obtaining a capacitance variation associated with each sensing node by using a default circuit in the sensing amount compensation method of the touch sensor of fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a method for compensating an induction amount of a touch sensor according to another embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a process of obtaining sensing values related to each sensing node and adjusting at least one sensing threshold according to the sensing values in the sensing amount compensation method of the touch sensor of fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is a functional block diagram of a touch panel according to another embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 8 is a circuit diagram of a converter in the touch panel of fig. 7.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail by illustrating various embodiments of the present invention with the aid of the accompanying drawings. The inventive concept may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the exemplary embodiments set forth herein. Moreover, in the drawings, like reference numerals may be used to designate similar components.
First, referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2 together, fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for compensating an induction amount of a touch sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 2 is a schematic functional block diagram of a touch panel according to an embodiment of the present invention. The method for compensating the sensing amount of the touch sensor of fig. 1 can be implemented in the touch controller 22 of fig. 2, but the present invention does not limit the method of fig. 1 to be implemented only in the touch controller 22 of fig. 2. In addition, the touch panel 2 of fig. 2 is only one implementation of the method for compensating the sensing amount of the touch sensor, and is not intended to limit the present invention.
As shown in fig. 2, the touch panel 2 includes a touch sensor 20 and a touch controller 22. The touch sensor 20 includes a plurality of sensing lines SA _1 to SA _ M arranged along a first direction and a plurality of driving lines DA _1 to DA _ N arranged along a second direction, wherein the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other, and thus the sensing lines SA _1 to SA _ M and the driving lines DA _1 to DA _ N are interlaced to form a plurality of sensing nodes N _11 to N _ MN. It should be noted that, for convenience of the following description, the first direction and the second direction in the embodiment of the present invention are expressed by the X direction and the Y direction, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In addition, the sensing lines SA _1 to SA _ M and the driving lines DA _1 to DA _ M of the embodiment of the invention are all 9 (i.e., M and N are all equal to 9, and the sensing nodes have N _11 to N _99), but the invention is not limited thereto.
In addition, the touch controller 22 is electrically connected to the sensing lines SA _1 to SA _9 and the driving lines DA _1 to DA _9 of the touch sensor 20, and is configured to transmit a driving signal (not shown) to the driving lines DA _1 to DA _9, and then receive a sensing capacitance (not shown) associated with each of the sensing nodes N _11 to N _99 from the sensing lines SA _1 to SA _ 9. It should be noted that the touch controller 22 can be implemented by a pure hardware circuit, or implemented by a hardware circuit with firmware or software, but the invention is not limited thereto. In summary, the present invention is not limited to the specific implementation of the touch controller 22, and those skilled in the art should be able to design the touch controller 22 according to actual requirements or applications.
Further, assuming that the sensing node N _88 is intersected by the sensing line SA _8 and the driving line DA _8 as an example, the touch controller 22 transmits a driving signal to the driving line DA _8 of the sensing node N _88 and receives a sensing capacitance associated with the sensing node N _88 from the sensing line SA _8 of the sensing node N _ 88. However, when the sensing node N _88 is touched by an external object (e.g., a finger of a user), the sensing capacitance of the sensing node N _88 will change accordingly. Therefore, the touch controller 22 can determine whether the sensing node N _88 (or the touch sensor 20) is touched by utilizing the variation characteristic. Since the above-mentioned operation is a conventional mutual inductance type (mutual capacitance type) sensing method, details thereof will not be described herein.
It should be noted that, as described above, since the sensing capacitance of the sensing node N _ ij (i.e., i and j are positive integers from 1 to 9, respectively) caused by the touch of the external object is proportional to (Δ Cm (N _ ij)/Cm (N _ ij)), and the basic capacitance Cm (N _11) -Cm (N _99) of each of the sensing nodes N _11 to N _99 may not be the same because of the bad process. Therefore, even under the same touch condition, the sensing capacitance of each sensing node N _11 to N _99 caused by the touch of the external object is different according to the basic capacitance Cm (N _11) to Cm (N _ 99). That is, the sensing capacitance generated by each of the sensing nodes N _11 to N _99 due to the touch of the external object is influenced by the basic capacitance Cm (N _11) to Cm (N _99) thereof to change. Therefore, this may easily cause the touch controller 22 to make a false determination, and further cause an erroneous operation.
Therefore, the steps in fig. 1 will be described with reference to fig. 2. First, in step S101, the touch controller 22 obtains the capacitance variation Δ Cm (N _11) - Δ Cm (N _99) associated with each of the sensing nodes N _ 11-N _99 by using at least one default circuit (not shown). Next, in step S103, the touch controller 22 further obtains gain coefficients gm (N _11) to gm (N _99) corresponding to each of the sensing nodes N _11 to N _99 according to the capacitance variation Δ Cm (N _11) to Δ Cm (N _99) of each of the sensing nodes N _11 to N _99 and the default circuit. Finally, in step S105, for each of the sensing nodes N _11 to N _99, when the sensing node N _ ij generates the sensing capacitance due to the external object touch, the touch controller 22 compensates the sensing capacitance generated by the sensing node N _ ij due to the external object touch by using the gain coefficient gm (N _ ij) of the sensing node N _ ij.
It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the specific implementation of the compensation for the sensing capacitor, and therefore, those skilled in the art should be able to design the compensation according to the actual needs or applications. It should be noted that the above-mentioned "default circuit" may refer to a dummy finger circuit known in advance, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In other words, based on the above disclosure, those skilled in the art should understand that one of the main concepts of the present invention is to simulate the virtual situation when a user's finger (i.e., an external object) touches each of the sensing nodes N _11 to N _99 by using the pseudo finger circuit. Therefore, the dummy finger circuit must be sequentially coupled between the driving lines DA _1 to DA _9 and the sensing lines SA _1 to SA _9 of each of the sensing nodes N _11 to N _99, and the touch controller 22 can obtain the sensing capacitance generated by the dummy finger circuit coupling with respect to each of the sensing nodes N _11 to N _ 99.
Next, the implementation of the default circuit of the present embodiment will be further described below. Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of a default circuit in the touch panel of fig. 2. Components in fig. 3 that are the same as those in fig. 2 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and thus, further description is omitted here. It should be noted that the default circuit of the embodiment of the present invention may be referred to as the dummy finger circuit 30 shown in fig. 3, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For convenience of the following description, the dummy finger circuit 30 of fig. 3 is described by taking an example between the driving line DA _8 and the sensing line SA _8 coupled to the sensing node N _88 (i.e., the connection point P1 and the connection point P2 in fig. 3 are respectively represented as two connection points of the dummy finger circuit 30 coupled to the driving line DA _8 and the sensing line SA _8), but the invention is not limited thereto.
As shown in FIG. 3, the pseudo finger circuit 30 (i.e., the default circuit) includes a first capacitor Cfd, a second capacitor Cfs, and an electronic component 300. A first terminal of the first capacitor Cfd is coupled to the junction P1 (i.e., the driving line DA _8), a first terminal of the second capacitor Cfs is coupled to a second terminal of the first capacitor Cfd, and a second terminal of the second capacitor Cfs is coupled to the junction P2 (i.e., the sensing line SA _ 8). In practice, as described above, since the dummy finger circuit 30 must be sequentially coupled between the driving lines DA _1 to DA _9 and the sensing lines SA _1 to SA _9 of each of the sensing nodes N _11 to N _99, the first terminal of the first capacitor Cfd is sequentially coupled to one of the driving lines DA _1 to DA _9, and the second terminal of the second capacitor Cfs is sequentially coupled to one of the sensing lines SA _1 to SA _ 9. In addition, the unit of the first capacitor Cfd and the second capacitor Cfs may be, for example, 1pf, respectively, but the invention is not limited thereto.
In addition, the first terminal of the electronic component 300 is coupled between the second terminal of the first capacitor Cfd and the first terminal of the second capacitor Cfd, and the second terminal of the electronic component 300 is coupled to a ground voltage GND. However, since the pseudo finger circuit 30 is used to simulate a user's finger, the electronic component 300 in the pseudo finger circuit 30 may be composed of at least one passive component, for example. In one application, the electronic component 300 may be a resistor R _ HBM, as shown in FIG. 3, and the unit of the resistor R _ HBM may be, for example, 1.5k ohms; still alternatively, in other applications, the electronic component 300 may also be an inductor (not shown), or even a series combination of a resistor R _ HBM and another capacitor (not shown), or the like. In summary, the present invention is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art should be able to design the electronic device 300 according to actual requirements or applications.
Thus, when the dummy finger circuit 30 is coupled between the driving line DA _8 (i.e., the node P1) of the sensing node N _88 and the sensing line SA _8 (i.e., the node P2), the touch controller 22 transmits a driving signal to the driving line DA _8 of the sensing node N _88 to drive the sensing line SA _8 of the sensing node N _88 to generate the sensing capacitance Cm' generated by the sensing node N _88 due to the coupling of the dummy finger circuit 30. Then, the touch controller 22 can obtain the capacitance variation Δ Cm (N _88) related to the sensing node N _88 according to a comparison between the sensing capacitance Cm 'generated by the sensing node N _88 due to the coupling of the dummy finger circuit 30 and a ratio between the sensing capacitance Cm' of the sensing node N _88 not touched by an external object or a basic capacitance Cm (N _88) existing before the coupling of the dummy finger circuit 30.
For example, the capacitance variation Δ Cm (N _88) caused by the dummy finger circuit 30 at the sensing node N _88 can be, for example, equal to the basic capacitance Cm (N _88) of the sensing node N _88, and then the sensing capacitance Cm' of fig. 3 is subtracted, but the invention is not limited thereto. In summary, the present invention is not limited to the specific implementation of the capacitance variation Δ Cm (N _ ij) of the sensing node N _ ij obtained by the touch controller 22, and therefore, those skilled in the art should be able to design the capacitance variation Δ Cm (N _ ij) according to actual requirements or applications.
On the other hand, please refer to fig. 4 to describe step S101 in fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a process of obtaining a capacitance variation associated with each sensing node by using a default circuit in the sensing amount compensation method of the touch sensor of fig. 1. In the method of fig. 4, the dummy finger circuit 30 of fig. 3 is also used as a default circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention, so please refer to fig. 2 and fig. 3 for understanding. In addition, the same flow steps in fig. 4 as those in fig. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and thus the details thereof will not be described herein.
Specifically, step S101 in fig. 4 may further include step S401 to step S403. First, in step S401, for each of the sensing nodes N _11 to N _99, when the dummy finger circuit 30 is coupled between the driving line DA _ i and the sensing line SA _ j of the sensing node N _ ij, the touch controller 22 is configured to transmit a driving signal to the driving line DA _ i of the sensing node N _ ij to drive the sensing line SA _ j of the sensing node N _ ij to generate the sensing capacitance Cm' generated by the dummy finger circuit 30 coupled to the sensing node N _ ij.
Next, in step S403, the touch controller 22 obtains capacitance variations Δ Cm (N _11) - Δ Cm (N _99) associated with each of the sensing nodes N _ 11-N _99 according to a comparison between the sensing capacitances Cm '(N _11) -Cm' (N _99) generated by each of the sensing nodes N _ 11-N _99 due to the coupling of the dummy finger circuit 30 and the basic capacitances Cm (N _11) -Cm (N _99) of each of the sensing nodes N _ 11-N _99 that are not touched by an external object or existed before the coupling of the dummy finger circuit.
Furthermore, as shown in fig. 3, since the components in the pseudo finger circuit 30 (i.e., the first capacitor Cfd, the second capacitor Cfs and the resistor R _ HBM) are known parameter components, and the touch controller 22 can also obtain the capacitance variation Δ Cm (N _88) caused by the pseudo finger circuit 30 on the sensing node N _88, the touch controller 22 can obtain the gain coefficient gm (N _88) corresponding to the sensing node N _88 by utilizing the relationship. It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only examples, and are not intended to limit the present invention. In summary, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the specific implementation manner of obtaining the gain coefficient gm (N _ ij) of the sensing node N _ ij, so that those skilled in the art can design the gain coefficient gm (N _ ij) according to the actual requirements or applications.
In summary, since the sensing capacitance generated by each sensing node N _ 11-N _99 due to the touch of the external object is affected by its own basic capacitance Cm (N _11) -Cm (N _99), the important point of the present invention is that the capacitance variation Δ Cm (N _11) - Δ Cm (N _99) of each sensing node N _ 11-N _99 can be simulated and obtained in advance by using the known dummy finger circuit, and then the gain coefficients (N _11) -gm (N _99) corresponding to each sensing node N _ 11-N _99 can be obtained, so that when the current sensing capacitance generated by the sensing node N _ ij due to the touch of the external object is generated, the touch controller 22 of the embodiment of the present invention can compensate the current sensing capacitance by using the gain coefficient gm (N _ ij) of the sensing node N _ ij, thereby canceling out the gain effect of the basic capacitor Cm (N _ ij).
For example, if the gain coefficient gm (N _88) of the sensing node N _88 is 1.025, that is, the sensing capacitance Cm' generated by the dummy finger circuit 30 coupled to the sensing node N _88 is obviously increased by 0.025 times by the influence of the basic capacitance Cm (N _ 88). Therefore, when the sensing node N _88 actually generates the current sensing capacitance due to the touch of the external object, the touch controller 22 of the embodiment of the invention can compensate the current sensing capacitance by using the gain coefficient gm (N _88) of the sensing node N _88 to offset the increased gain of 0.025 times.
In addition, the touch controller 22 of the embodiment of the invention may determine whether the touch sensor 20 is actually touched by an external object by determining whether the sensing capacitance of each of the sensing nodes N _11 to N _99 is lower than a threshold value. Therefore, when it is considered that the sensing capacitance of each of the sensing nodes N _11 to N _99 is changed due to the influence of its own basic capacitance Cm (N _11) to Cm (N _99), the sensing amount compensation method of the touch sensor and the touch panel thereof provided by the embodiment of the invention may be further configured with different technical means (for example, adaptively adjusting the threshold value) to avoid the touch controller 22 from making a false determination.
For example, please refer to fig. 5, wherein fig. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a sensing quantity compensation method of a touch sensor according to another embodiment of the present invention. The method of fig. 5 can be implemented in the touch controller 22 of fig. 2 as well, and the pseudo finger circuit 30 of fig. 3 is also used as the default circuit of the present embodiment, so please refer to fig. 2 and fig. 3 for understanding, and details thereof are not repeated herein. In addition, the same flow steps in fig. 5 as those in fig. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and therefore, the details thereof will not be further described herein.
Specifically, compared to the method of fig. 1, the method of fig. 5 further includes steps S501 to S503. First, in step S501, the touch controller 22 can further obtain a sensing value related to each of the sensing nodes N _11 to N _99 according to the sensing capacitances Cm '(N _11) to Cm' (N _99) generated by the coupling of the dummy finger circuit 30 for each of the sensing nodes N _11 to N _ 99. In addition, in step S503, the touch controller 22 adjusts at least one sensing threshold (not shown) of the touch controller 22 according to the sensing values of the sensing nodes N _11 to N _ 99.
It should be noted that the term "sensing threshold" refers to a threshold used in the above description to determine whether the touch sensor 20 is actually touched. In addition, based on the above teachings, those skilled in the art should understand that step S103 and steps S501 to S503 are executed in parallel without conflict. That is, while the touch controller 22 is executing the step S103, the touch controller 22 can further obtain the sensing value of each sensing node N _ 11-N _99 by using the sensing capacitance Cm '(N _11) -Cm' (N _99) generated by the coupling of the dummy finger circuit 30 of each sensing node N _ 11-N _99, and adjust the sensing threshold value originally used for determining whether the touch sensor 20 is actually touched according to the sensing values of the sensing nodes N _ 11-N _ 99.
It should be noted that, for the method for compensating the sensing amount of the touch sensor and the touch panel thereof provided in the embodiment of the invention, how to perform the subsequent determination of whether the sensing capacitance of each of the sensing nodes N _11 to N _99 is lower than the sensing threshold is not an important point to be discussed in the present patent, and therefore, the above description is only taken as an illustration, and the following description is not repeated. In addition, it should be understood that the touch panel 2 of fig. 2 may further include at least one memory unit (not shown), and the memory unit is responsible for storing the sensing threshold.
On the other hand, in order to further explain details about implementation of steps S501 to S503, the present invention further provides one embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 6 and 7, fig. 6 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a process of obtaining sensing values related to each sensing node in the sensing amount compensation method of the touch sensor of fig. 5 and adjusting at least one sensing threshold according to the sensing values, and fig. 7 is a schematic functional block diagram of a touch panel according to another embodiment of the invention. The method for compensating the sensing amount of the touch sensor of fig. 6 can be implemented in the touch controller 72 of fig. 7, but the present invention does not limit the method of fig. 6 to be implemented only in the touch controller 72 of fig. 7. In addition, the touch panel 7 of fig. 7 is only one implementation of the method for compensating the sensing amount of the touch sensor, and is not intended to limit the present invention.
It should be noted that the same flow steps in fig. 6 as those in fig. 5 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and therefore, the details thereof will not be described in detail. In addition, components in fig. 7 that are the same as or similar to those in fig. 2 are denoted by the same or similar reference numerals, and thus, further description is omitted here. In addition, the pseudo finger circuit 30 of fig. 3 can be used as a default circuit of the present embodiment in the touch panel 7 of fig. 7, so please refer to fig. 3 for understanding.
Further, compared to the touch controller 22 of fig. 2, the touch controller 72 of fig. 7 may further include at least one converter 700, at least one analog-to-digital converter 720 and a digital signal processor 740. In addition, in the embodiment of fig. 6, the steps S501 and S503 may further include steps S601 and S603 to S605, respectively. First, in step S601, the touch controller 72 may utilize at least one converter 700 to receive the sensing capacitances Cm '(N _11) to Cm' (N _99) generated by the coupling of the dummy finger circuit 30 from each of the sensing nodes N _11 to N _99, and thereby output the sensing values VS1(N _11) to VS1(N _99) associated with each of the sensing nodes N _11 to N _ 99. Next, in step S603, the touch controller 72 may further utilize at least one adc 720 to convert the sensing values VS1(N _11) -VS 1(N _99) output from each sensing node N _ 11-N _99 of the converter 700 due to the coupling of the dummy finger circuit 30, so as to generate digital voltage signals VS2(N _11) -VS 2(N _99) associated with each sensing node N _ 11-N _99 due to the coupling of the dummy finger circuit 30.
Next, in step S605, the touch controller 72 utilizes the dsp 740 to adjust the sensing threshold of the touch controller 72 according to the digital voltage signals VS2(N _11) -VS 2(N _99) of the sensing nodes N _ 11-N _ 99. It is to be noted that, for the convenience of the following description, the converters 700 and the analog-to-digital converters 720 of the embodiments of the present invention are described by taking the number of the examples as 1, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, in one application, the touch controller 72 may also include the same number of converters 700 and analog-to-digital converters 720 as the number of the sensing lines SA _1 to SA _9, and each converter 700 is respectively coupled between one of the sensing lines SA _ j and one of the analog-to-digital converters 720. Therefore, when the dummy finger circuit 30 is coupled to the sensing node N _ ij, the converter 700 corresponding to the sensing line SA _ j of the sensing node N _ ij outputs the sensing value VS1(N _ ij) generated by the sensing node N _ ij due to the coupling of the dummy finger circuit 30, and the adc 720 at the back end further converts the digital voltage signal VS2(N _ ij) generated by the sensing node N _ ij due to the coupling of the dummy finger circuit 30.
Alternatively, in other applications, the touch panel 7 may further include a switch (switch) to connect the single switch 700 to the plurality of sensing lines SA _1 to SA _9 and the single adc 720. In summary, the present invention is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art should be able to design the invention according to actual needs or applications. Based on the above teachings, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the converter 700 can be, for example, a capacitor-to-voltage converter, but the invention is not limited thereto. Therefore, to further illustrate details regarding the implementation of the converter 700, the present invention further provides one embodiment thereof. Referring to fig. 8, fig. 8 is a circuit diagram of a converter in the touch panel of fig. 7.
It should be noted that the embodiments of the capacitor-to-voltage converter described below are only examples, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and in summary, the present invention is not limited to the specific implementation of the capacitor-to-voltage converter. In addition, for the convenience of the following description, the dummy finger circuit 30 in the embodiment of fig. 8 is only illustrated by using an example between the driving line DA _8 and the sensing line SA _8 coupled to the sensing node N _ 88. Therefore, the components in fig. 8 that are the same as those in fig. 3 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and thus, the description thereof is not repeated herein.
As shown in fig. 8, the converter 700 mainly includes an operational amplifier OP and a negative feedback circuit LC. The inverting input terminal (inverting input) of the operational amplifier OP is coupled to the node P2 (i.e., the sensing line SA _8), the non-inverting input terminal (non-inverting input) of the operational amplifier OP is coupled to a reference voltage Vref, and the output terminal of the operational amplifier OP is used for outputting a sensing value VS1(N _88) related to the sensing node N _88 generated by the coupling of the dummy finger circuit 30. In addition, the negative feedback circuit LC is coupled between the inverting input terminal and the output terminal of the operational amplifier OP, and is composed of a third capacitor Cf and a resistor Rf connected in parallel.
As can be seen from the above, for each of the sensing nodes N _11 to N _99, in practice, when the sensing node N _ ij is coupled to the dummy finger circuit 30 to generate the sensing capacitor Cm' (N _ ij), the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier OP is coupled to the sensing line SA _ j corresponding to the sensing node N _ ij, and the output terminal of the operational amplifier OP is used to output the sensing value VS1(N _ ij) generated by the dummy finger circuit 30 coupled to the sensing node N _ ij. However, since the operation principle of the capacitor-voltage converter is also known in the art, details about the operational amplifier OP and the negative feedback circuit LC are not further described herein.
In summary, since the digital signal processor 740 can finally obtain the digital voltage signals VS2(N _11) -VS 2(N _99) generated by the coupling of the pseudo finger circuit 30 with respect to each sensing node N _ 11-N _99, the digital signal processor 740 can intuitively design the sensing threshold value to be adjusted by using the digitized data information. It should be noted that how to design and adjust the sensing threshold for the method for compensating the sensing amount of the touch sensor and the touch panel thereof provided by the embodiment of the invention is not an important point to be discussed in the present patent, and therefore, the above description is only for illustrative purposes and will not be described in more detail below.
In summary, the sensing amount compensation method of the touch sensor and the touch panel thereof according to the embodiments of the invention can simulate the virtual situation when the user's finger touches each sensing node on the touch sensor respectively by using the known dummy finger circuit, and further obtain the gain coefficient of each sensing node, so as to ensure that when the current sensing capacitance is actually generated at a certain sensing node due to the touch of an external object, the current sensing capacitance can be compensated by using the gain coefficient of the sensing node, thereby canceling out the gain influence caused by the basic capacitance of the sensing node, and avoiding the occurrence of erroneous determination.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the features of the present invention are not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art can easily conceive of changes and modifications within the scope of the present invention, and all such changes and modifications can be covered by the claims.
Claims (16)
1. A method for compensating an induction amount of a touch sensor implemented in a touch controller, the touch sensor including a plurality of sensing lines arranged along a first direction and a plurality of driving lines arranged along a second direction, wherein the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other, and the plurality of sensing lines and the plurality of driving lines are interlaced to form a plurality of sensing nodes, the touch controller being electrically connected to the plurality of sensing lines and the plurality of driving lines of the touch sensor, and configured to transmit a driving signal to the plurality of driving lines and receive a sensing capacitance associated with each of the plurality of sensing nodes from the plurality of sensing lines, the method comprising:
obtaining a capacitance variation associated with each of the plurality of sensing nodes by using at least one default circuit, wherein the default circuit comprises at least one known capacitor and is capable of enabling the sensing node to generate the sensing capacitance when coupled to each of the plurality of sensing nodes, such that the touch controller obtains the capacitance variation according to the sensing capacitance;
obtaining a gain factor corresponding to each of the plurality of sensing nodes according to the capacitance variation of each of the plurality of sensing nodes and the default circuit; and
for each of the plurality of sensing nodes, when the sensing capacitance is generated by a touch of an external object at the sensing node, the gain coefficient of the sensing node is used to compensate the sensing capacitance generated by the touch of the external object at the sensing node.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the default circuit is a dummy finger circuit sequentially coupled between the driving line and the sensing line of each of the sensing nodes, and configured to enable the touch controller to obtain the sensing capacitance associated with each of the sensing nodes due to the dummy finger circuit coupling.
3. The induction amount compensation method of claim 2, wherein said pseudo finger circuit comprises:
a first capacitor having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal of the first capacitor is sequentially coupled to one of the plurality of driving lines;
a second capacitor having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal of the second capacitor is coupled to the second terminal of the first capacitor, and the second terminal of the second capacitor is sequentially coupled to one of the plurality of sense lines; and
an electronic device, wherein a first terminal of the electronic device is coupled between the second terminal of the first capacitor and the first terminal of the second capacitor, and a second terminal of the electronic device is coupled to a ground voltage.
4. The inductance compensation method according to claim 3, wherein said electronic element is composed of at least one passive element.
5. The inductance compensation method according to claim 4, wherein in the step of obtaining the capacitance change amount with respect to each of the plurality of sensing nodes by using the default circuit, further comprising:
for each of the plurality of sensing nodes, when the dummy finger circuit is coupled between the driving line of the sensing node and the sensing line, the touch controller is configured to transmit the driving signal to the driving line of the sensing node to drive the sensing line of the sensing node to generate the sensing capacitance generated by the sensing node due to the dummy finger circuit coupling; and
the capacitance variation of each of the plurality of sensing nodes is obtained by comparing the sensing capacitance generated by each of the plurality of sensing nodes due to the coupling of the dummy finger circuit with a ratio between a basic capacitance of each of the plurality of sensing nodes that does not exist before the external object touches the sensing node.
6. The induction amount compensation method according to claim 5, further comprising:
obtaining a sensing value associated with each of the plurality of sensing nodes according to the sensing capacitance generated by each of the plurality of sensing nodes due to the dummy finger circuit coupling; and
adjusting at least one sensing threshold of the touch controller according to the sensing values of the sensing nodes, wherein the sensing threshold is used for determining whether the touch sensor is touched.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the step of obtaining the sensing value associated with each of the plurality of sensing nodes according to the sensing capacitance generated by each of the plurality of sensing nodes due to the dummy finger circuit coupling further comprises:
the sensing capacitance generated by each of the sensing nodes due to the coupling of the pseudo finger circuit is received by at least one converter, and the sensing value related to each of the sensing nodes is output.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the step of adjusting the at least one sensing threshold in the touch controller according to the sensing values of the sensing nodes further comprises:
converting the sensing value output from each of the plurality of sensing nodes of the converter due to the dummy finger circuit coupling by using at least one analog-to-digital converter, thereby generating a digital voltage signal related to each of the plurality of sensing nodes due to the dummy finger circuit coupling; and
adjusting the sensing threshold in the touch controller according to the digital voltage signals of the plurality of sensing nodes by using a digital signal processor.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein the converter is a capacitor-to-voltage converter, and comprising:
an operational amplifier having an inverting input terminal, a non-inverting input terminal and an output terminal, the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier being coupled to a reference voltage, wherein for each of the plurality of sense nodes, when the sense capacitance is generated at the sense node due to the dummy finger circuit coupling, the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier is coupled to the sense line corresponding to the sense node, and the output terminal of the operational amplifier is configured to output the sense value generated at the sense node due to the dummy finger circuit coupling; and
and the negative feedback circuit is coupled between the inverting input end and the output end of the operational amplifier, and consists of a third capacitor and a resistor which are mutually connected in parallel.
10. A touch panel, comprising:
the touch sensor comprises a plurality of sensing lines arranged along a first direction and a plurality of driving lines arranged along a second direction, wherein the first direction and the second direction are mutually vertical, and the plurality of sensing lines and the plurality of driving lines are staggered to form a plurality of sensing nodes; and
a touch controller electrically connected to the plurality of sensing lines and the plurality of driving lines of the touch sensor, and configured to transmit a driving signal to the plurality of driving lines, and receive a sensing capacitance associated with each of the plurality of sensing nodes from the plurality of sensing lines;
wherein the touch controller further obtains a capacitance variation associated with each of the plurality of sensing nodes by utilizing at least one default circuit, the default circuit comprising at least one known capacitor and being capable of causing the sensing node to generate the sensing capacitance when coupled to each of the plurality of sensing nodes, such that the touch controller obtains the capacitance variation based on the sensing capacitance and obtains a gain factor corresponding to each of the plurality of sensing nodes based on the capacitance variation of each of the plurality of sensing nodes and the default circuit; and
for each of the plurality of sensing nodes, when the sensing node is touched by an external object to generate the sensing capacitance, the touch controller compensates the sensing capacitance generated by the sensing node due to the touch of the external object by using the gain coefficient of the sensing node;
wherein the default circuit is a pseudo finger circuit comprising:
a first capacitor having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal of the first capacitor is sequentially coupled to one of the plurality of driving lines;
a second capacitor having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal of the second capacitor is coupled to the second terminal of the first capacitor, and the second terminal of the second capacitor is sequentially coupled to one of the plurality of sense lines; and
an electronic device, wherein a first terminal of the electronic device is coupled between the second terminal of the first capacitor and the first terminal of the second capacitor, and a second terminal of the electronic device is coupled to a ground voltage, wherein the electronic device comprises at least one passive device.
11. The touch panel of claim 10, wherein the dummy finger circuit is sequentially coupled between the driving lines and the sensing lines of each of the sensing nodes, and is configured to enable the touch controller to obtain the sensing capacitance associated with each of the sensing nodes due to the dummy finger circuit coupling.
12. The touch panel of claim 11, wherein the touch controller performs the following steps to obtain the capacitance variation amount associated with each of the plurality of sensing nodes by using the default circuit:
for each of the plurality of sensing nodes, when the dummy finger circuit is coupled between the driving line of the sensing node and the sensing line, the touch controller is configured to transmit the driving signal to the driving line of the sensing node to drive the sensing line of the sensing node to generate the sensing capacitance generated by the sensing node due to the dummy finger circuit coupling; and
the capacitance variation of each of the plurality of sensing nodes is obtained by comparing the sensing capacitance generated by each of the plurality of sensing nodes due to the coupling of the dummy finger circuit with a ratio between a basic capacitance of each of the plurality of sensing nodes that does not exist before the external object touches the sensing node.
13. The touch panel of claim 12, wherein the touch controller further obtains a sensing value associated with each of the sensing nodes according to the sensing capacitance generated by each of the sensing nodes due to the dummy finger circuit coupling, and adjusts at least one sensing threshold in the touch controller according to the sensing values of the sensing nodes, wherein the sensing threshold is used for determining whether the touch sensor is touched.
14. The touch panel of claim 13, wherein the touch controller performs the following steps to obtain the sensing value related to each of the sensing nodes according to the sensing capacitance generated by each of the sensing nodes due to the dummy finger circuit coupling:
the sensing capacitance generated by each of the sensing nodes due to the coupling of the pseudo finger circuit is received by at least one converter, and the sensing value related to each of the sensing nodes is output.
15. The touch panel of claim 14, wherein the touch controller performs the following steps to adjust the at least one sensing threshold in the touch controller according to the sensing values of the sensing nodes:
converting the sensing value output from each of the plurality of sensing nodes of the converter due to the dummy finger circuit coupling by using at least one analog-to-digital converter, thereby generating a digital voltage signal related to each of the plurality of sensing nodes due to the dummy finger circuit coupling; and
adjusting the sensing threshold in the touch controller according to the digital voltage signals of the plurality of sensing nodes by using a digital signal processor.
16. The touch panel of claim 14, wherein the converter is a capacitive voltage converter, and comprising:
an operational amplifier having an inverting input terminal, a non-inverting input terminal and an output terminal, the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier being coupled to a reference voltage, wherein for each of the plurality of sense nodes, when the sense capacitance is generated at the sense node due to the dummy finger circuit coupling, the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier is coupled to the sense line corresponding to the sense node, and the output terminal of the operational amplifier is configured to output the sense value generated at the sense node due to the dummy finger circuit coupling; and
and the negative feedback circuit is coupled between the inverting input end and the output end of the operational amplifier, and consists of a third capacitor and a resistor which are mutually connected in parallel.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710338918.0A CN108874196B (en) | 2017-05-15 | 2017-05-15 | Induction quantity compensation method of touch sensor and touch panel thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710338918.0A CN108874196B (en) | 2017-05-15 | 2017-05-15 | Induction quantity compensation method of touch sensor and touch panel thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108874196A CN108874196A (en) | 2018-11-23 |
| CN108874196B true CN108874196B (en) | 2021-05-25 |
Family
ID=64320233
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710338918.0A Active CN108874196B (en) | 2017-05-15 | 2017-05-15 | Induction quantity compensation method of touch sensor and touch panel thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN108874196B (en) |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201569824U (en) * | 2009-06-03 | 2010-09-01 | 深圳华映显示科技有限公司 | Display device |
| CN102687104A (en) * | 2010-01-05 | 2012-09-19 | 3M创新有限公司 | High speed noise tolerant multi-touch touch device and controller therefor |
| CN103049147A (en) * | 2011-10-11 | 2013-04-17 | 瑞鼎科技股份有限公司 | Capacitive touch display device |
| CN103197812A (en) * | 2012-01-06 | 2013-07-10 | 新唐科技股份有限公司 | Touch control induction device |
| CN103294289A (en) * | 2012-03-02 | 2013-09-11 | 禾瑞亚科技股份有限公司 | Capacitive touch system and method with automatic correction function |
| CN104090698A (en) * | 2014-07-10 | 2014-10-08 | 东莞市乐升电子有限公司 | Differential mutual capacitance measuring circuit and method |
| CN105981043A (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2016-09-28 | 指纹卡有限公司 | Guided fingerprint enrolment based on center of attention point |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2235612B1 (en) * | 2008-01-15 | 2012-08-01 | Pixcir Microelectronics Co., Ltd. | Device for quantifying an electric unbalance and touch detection system incorporating it |
| FR2928257B1 (en) * | 2008-03-04 | 2011-01-14 | Super Sonic Imagine | ELECTRONIC SYSTEM FOR DOUBLE SCREEN DISPLAY. |
| US8018238B2 (en) * | 2009-03-27 | 2011-09-13 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Embedded sar based active gain capacitance measurement system and method |
| US8482544B2 (en) * | 2009-07-10 | 2013-07-09 | Apple Inc. | Negative pixel compensation |
| US8629852B2 (en) * | 2009-11-12 | 2014-01-14 | Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute | Touch screen and method for compensating sensing capacitance variations and offset variations thereof |
| US9746967B2 (en) * | 2011-09-15 | 2017-08-29 | Apple Inc. | Concurrent touch and negative pixel scan |
-
2017
- 2017-05-15 CN CN201710338918.0A patent/CN108874196B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201569824U (en) * | 2009-06-03 | 2010-09-01 | 深圳华映显示科技有限公司 | Display device |
| CN102687104A (en) * | 2010-01-05 | 2012-09-19 | 3M创新有限公司 | High speed noise tolerant multi-touch touch device and controller therefor |
| CN103049147A (en) * | 2011-10-11 | 2013-04-17 | 瑞鼎科技股份有限公司 | Capacitive touch display device |
| CN103197812A (en) * | 2012-01-06 | 2013-07-10 | 新唐科技股份有限公司 | Touch control induction device |
| CN103294289A (en) * | 2012-03-02 | 2013-09-11 | 禾瑞亚科技股份有限公司 | Capacitive touch system and method with automatic correction function |
| CN104090698A (en) * | 2014-07-10 | 2014-10-08 | 东莞市乐升电子有限公司 | Differential mutual capacitance measuring circuit and method |
| CN105981043A (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2016-09-28 | 指纹卡有限公司 | Guided fingerprint enrolment based on center of attention point |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN108874196A (en) | 2018-11-23 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US8618818B2 (en) | Electrostatic capacity type touch sensor | |
| EP3561527A1 (en) | Capacitance detection device and input device | |
| JP5411670B2 (en) | Capacitive touch panel signal processing circuit | |
| TW201716946A (en) | Touch control apparatus and noise compensating circuit and method thereof | |
| US8384400B2 (en) | Capacitance measurement circuit and method therefor | |
| US9727179B2 (en) | Touch apparatus and touch sensing method thereof | |
| US20130300690A1 (en) | Control circuit of touch screen and noise removing method | |
| US9007313B2 (en) | Touch sensing circuit and touch point detecting method thereof | |
| US20150378511A1 (en) | Capacitive Voltage Information Sensing Circuit and Related Anti-Noise Touch Circuit | |
| TW201432533A (en) | Touch IC and touch apparatus using the same touch IC | |
| CN106371648B (en) | Bearing calibration and capacitive sensing device | |
| JP5969127B2 (en) | Touch panel controller and electronic device | |
| CN111819528A (en) | Capacitance detection circuit, touch chip and electronic equipment | |
| US9088255B2 (en) | Sensing devices and display devices using a plurality of differential amplifiers and sensing circuits to minimize the time to detect presence of an object | |
| TW201843575A (en) | Induction quantity compensation method of the touch sensor and the touch panel thereof | |
| CN108874196B (en) | Induction quantity compensation method of touch sensor and touch panel thereof | |
| US9886130B2 (en) | Touch sensing device | |
| US11216113B2 (en) | Touch circuit | |
| US10684726B2 (en) | Capacitive touch sensing circuit and charge compensation method thereof | |
| CN108627299B (en) | Calibration method and calibration circuit of pressure sensing device | |
| TW201706814A (en) | Touch detection method and capacitive sensing device | |
| US8237489B2 (en) | Capacitance interface circuit | |
| JP2016109465A (en) | Electrical capacitance sensor | |
| WO2019033809A1 (en) | Touch detection apparatus, touch control apparatus, touch and display driver integration chip, touch control display apparatus, and touch detection and resistance measurement method | |
| CN102904575A (en) | Analog to digital converter (ADC) front-end circuit and method for measuring resistance through ADC front-end circuit |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |