CN108872294A - A kind of method and device of determining crude oil ignition parameter - Google Patents
A kind of method and device of determining crude oil ignition parameter Download PDFInfo
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- CN108872294A CN108872294A CN201810243023.3A CN201810243023A CN108872294A CN 108872294 A CN108872294 A CN 108872294A CN 201810243023 A CN201810243023 A CN 201810243023A CN 108872294 A CN108872294 A CN 108872294A
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- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
Abstract
This application provides a kind of method and devices of determining crude oil ignition parameter, and this method comprises the following steps, distill according to temperature to crude oil, the crude oil fractions in different temperatures section after being distilled;Obtain the data of the crude oil fractions content in different temperatures section;The data of crude oil fractions content based on different temperatures section obtain crude oil ignition parameter according to the first pre-defined rule.It can use the ends content that simple boiling range tests determining different temperatures segment using the method and device of the determination crude oil ignition parameter of the application, calculate crude oil ignition parameter accuracy rate with higher using formula.And it is higher compared to the crude oil ignition parameter security performance that conventional self-ignition point combustion test determines, time is short, expense is low, and under normal conditions, oil field has a set of ready-made database for the ends content of crude oil, formula is brought into using the data in the database, can be obtained the ignition parameter of crude oil with the test of it goes without doing boiling range.
Description
Technical field
The application belongs to technical field of petroleum extraction, and in particular to a kind of method and device of determining crude oil ignition parameter.
Background technique
The key link of fire flood technique is oil layer ignition, since oil composition is sufficiently complex, active group of some of them
Point lower temperature can with oxygen occur compared with strong reaction, when temperature is lower they absorb oxygen molecules generate alcohol,
The substances such as acid, ketone, aldehyde form coke substance.Oxidative heat generation improves temperature, and temperature raising keeps oxidation more violent, and heat is more
More, this accelerated oxidation reaction can promote temperature to increase sharply.Temperature improves before reaching threshold temperature, and oxidation belongs to low
Temperature aoxidizes, and coking in oil reservoir, after reaching threshold temperature, coking material blazes up, and completes ignition process.
But fireflood ignition success rate often is leveraged since crude oil ignition parameter is uncertain in ignition process.
Therefore, before lighting a fire to oil reservoir, it is necessary to determine the ignition parameter of crude oil, and then could the progress fireflood of successful ignition oil reservoir
Crude oil.
Conventional way is the ignition parameter that crude oil is obtained using self-ignition point combustion test at present, but spontaneous combustion point combustion is tried
It tests and usually carries out at high temperature under high pressure, danger coefficient is high, and the time is long, costly, it is therefore necessary to propose that a kind of new acquisition is former
The method of oily ignition parameter.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the drawbacks described above of the prior art, technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a kind of determining crude oil
The method and device of ignition parameter can use formula and simply determine crude oil ignition parameter.
The specific technical solution of the present invention is:
The present invention provides a kind of method of determining crude oil ignition parameter, including:
Crude oil is distilled according to temperature, the crude oil fractions in different temperatures section after being distilled;
Obtain the data of the crude oil fractions content in different temperatures section;
The data of crude oil fractions content based on different temperatures section obtain crude oil igniting ginseng according to the first pre-defined rule
Number.
In one embodiment, carrying out distillation to crude oil according to temperature includes:
According to less than 250 DEG C;
250℃-300℃;
300℃-350℃;And
Greater than 350 DEG C, four temperature ranges distill crude oil.
In one embodiment, first pre-defined rule is that the crude oil igniting ginseng is calculated according to following formula
Number:
Wherein, t is crude oil ignition parameter;σ is crude oil igniting empirical value;AiCrude oil fractions for i-th of temperature range contain
The data of amount, i take 1 positive integer into n.
In one embodiment, the crude oil igniting empirical value obtains in accordance with the following methods:
Pick up multiple groups crude oil sample;
It burns respectively to every group of crude oil sample, obtains the crude oil after every group of crude oil sample burns in different temperatures section
Ignition parameter;
To the crude oil ignition parameter averaged in each group crude oil sample same temperature section, which is crude oil point
Fiery empirical value.
In one embodiment, the crude oil ignition parameter includes the ignition delay time of crude oil and/or the point of crude oil
Fiery temperature.
In addition, the present invention also provides a kind of devices of determining crude oil ignition parameter, including:
Module is distilled, is configured as distilling crude oil according to temperature, the crude oil in different temperatures section after being distilled
Fraction;
Module is obtained, is configured as obtaining the data of the crude oil fractions content in different temperatures section;
Ignition module is configured as the data of the crude oil fractions content based on different temperatures section, according to the first pre- set pattern
Then obtain crude oil ignition parameter.
In one embodiment, the distillation module, which is configured as distill to crude oil according to temperature, includes:
According to less than 250 DEG C;
250℃-300℃;
300℃-350℃;And
Greater than 350 DEG C, four temperature ranges distill crude oil.
In one embodiment, the ignition module is specifically configured to that the crude oil is calculated according to following formula
Ignition parameter:
Wherein, t is crude oil ignition parameter;σ is crude oil igniting empirical value;AiCrude oil fractions for i-th of temperature range contain
The data of amount, i take 1 positive integer into n.
In one embodiment, crude oil igniting empirical value be specifically configured to include:
Pickup unit is configured as picking up multiple groups crude oil sample;
Fuel element is configured as burning to every group of crude oil sample respectively, obtain after the burning of every group of crude oil sample
The crude oil ignition parameter in different temperatures section;
Unit is sought, the crude oil ignition parameter averaged to each group crude oil sample same temperature section is configured as,
The average value is crude oil igniting empirical value.
In one embodiment, the crude oil ignition parameter includes the ignition delay time of crude oil and/or the point of crude oil
Fiery temperature.
A kind of device of determining crude oil ignition parameter, including memory and processor store computer program in memory,
The computer program realizes the step of the method for determination crude oil ignition parameter as described below when being executed by the processor
Suddenly.
By above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present application are as follows:Utilize the determination crude oil ignition parameter of the application
Method and device can use simple boiling range and test the ends content for determining different temperatures segment, calculated using formula
Crude oil ignition parameter (crude oil ignition delay time and crude oil firing temperature) accuracy rate with higher.And compared to routine
The crude oil ignition parameter security performance that self-ignition point combustion test determines is higher, and the time is short, and expense is low, and under normal conditions, oil field
There is a set of ready-made database for the ends content of crude oil, bring formula into using the data in the database, can not have to
Doing boiling range test can be obtained the ignition parameter of crude oil.
Referring to following description and accompanying drawings, specific implementations of the present application are disclosed in detail, specify the original of the application
Reason can be in a manner of adopted.It should be understood that presently filed embodiment is not so limited in range.In appended power
In the range of the spirit and terms that benefit requires, presently filed embodiment includes many changes, modifications and is equal.
The feature for describing and/or showing for a kind of embodiment can be in a manner of same or similar one or more
It uses in a other embodiment, is combined with the feature in other embodiment, or the feature in substitution other embodiment.
It should be emphasized that term "comprises/comprising" refers to the presence of feature, one integral piece, step or component when using herein, but simultaneously
It is not excluded for the presence or additional of one or more other features, one integral piece, step or component.
Detailed description of the invention
Attached drawing described here is only used for task of explanation, and is not intended to limit model disclosed in the present application in any way
It encloses.In addition, shape and proportional sizes of each component in figure etc. are only schematical, it is used to help the understanding to the application, and
It is not the specific shape and proportional sizes for limiting each component of the application.Those skilled in the art, can under teachings of the present application
Implement the application to select various possible shapes and proportional sizes as the case may be.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the method flow diagram of the determination crude oil ignition parameter of the application embodiment;
Fig. 2 is the apparatus module figure of the determination crude oil ignition parameter of the application embodiment.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the attached drawing in the application embodiment, the technical solution in the application embodiment is carried out clear
Chu is fully described by, it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the application, rather than whole realities
Apply mode.Based on the embodiment in the application, those of ordinary skill in the art institute without creative efforts
The every other embodiment obtained, shall fall in the protection scope of this application.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein and the technical field for belonging to the application
The normally understood meaning of technical staff is identical.The term used in the description of the present application is intended merely to description tool herein
The purpose of the embodiment of body, it is not intended that in limitation the application.Term as used herein "and/or" includes one or more
Any and all combinations of relevant listed item.
As shown in Figure 1, the application provides a kind of method of determining crude oil ignition parameter, this method comprises the following steps:
S1:Crude oil is distilled according to temperature, the crude oil fractions in different temperatures section after being distilled;
S2:Obtain the data of the crude oil fractions content in different temperatures section;
S3:The data of crude oil fractions content based on different temperatures section obtain crude oil igniting according to the first pre-defined rule
Parameter.
In the above-described embodiment, it to determine crude oil ignition parameter, first has to test according to temperature using boiling range to original
Oil is distilled.It should be noted that the crude oil ignition parameter can be the ignition delay time of crude oil, or it can be crude oil
Firing temperature.
Specifically, it can use boiling range test to cut crude oil, crude oil be divided into less than 250 DEG C, 250 DEG C -300
DEG C, 300 DEG C -350 DEG C, and it is greater than 350 DEG C, then four temperature range sections obtain this four temperature range section crude oil fractions
The data of content, the data finally based on this four temperature range section crude oil fractions contents, are calculated the original according to formula
Oily ignition parameter.Wherein the formula of determining crude oil ignition parameter is:
Wherein, t is crude oil ignition parameter;σ is crude oil igniting empirical value;AiCrude oil fractions for i-th of temperature range contain
The data of amount, i take 1 to take positive integer into n.
It is possible to further determine crude oil igniting empirical value in accordance with the following methods:
Multiple groups crude oil sample can be picked up first, for the accuracy of the crude oil igniting empirical value acquired, can be picked up to the greatest extent
The more crude oil sample of amount.But as an example, 3 groups of crude oil samples are only chosen in following embodiments.
Then burnt respectively using spontaneous combustion experimental tests to every group of crude oil sample, obtain after the burning of every group of crude oil sample
The crude oil of different temperatures segment (less than 250 DEG C, 250 DEG C -300 DEG C, 300 DEG C -350 DEG C, and being greater than 350 DEG C), which is lighted a fire, joins
Number;
Finally can crude oil ignition parameter averaged to each group crude oil sample in same temperature section, the average value
As crude oil igniting empirical value.
A specific embodiment is given in the present invention to be illustrated the method for above-mentioned determining crude oil ignition parameter.
It should be noted, however, that the specific implementation merely to the present invention is better described, is not constituted to improper limit of the invention
It is fixed.
In this example, this method includes:
Step 1,3 groups of crude oil samples are chosen, self-ignition point combustion test are carried out respectively to this 3 groups of crude oil samples, what is obtained is every
Crude oil ignition parameter after group crude oil sample burning in different temperatures segment is as shown in table 1:
Table 1
Step 2, to above-mentioned 3 groups of crude oil samples same temperature segment crude oil ignition parameter averaged.Because
Crude oil ignition parameter includes ignition delay time and firing temperature, thus it is following when seeking crude oil ignition parameter average value, to divide
It is other to ignition delay time and firing temperature averaged.
Wherein, the average value finding process of ignition delay time is as follows:
Less than 250 DEG C (<250 DEG C) temperature range section seek ignition delay time average value be (13.53+
13.30)/2=13.42;
It is (13.63+13.83+ in the average value that 250 DEG C -300 DEG C of temperature range sections seek ignition delay time
12.93)/3=13.46;
It is (14.73+15.20+ in the average value that 300 DEG C -350 DEG C of temperature range sections seek ignition delay time
13.50)/3=14.48;
It is (17.03+ in the average value that the temperature range section greater than 350 DEG C (350 DEG C of >) seeks ignition delay time
16.83+17.17)/3=17.01;
Wherein, the average value finding process of firing temperature is as follows:
Less than 250 DEG C (<250 DEG C) temperature range section seek firing temperature average value be (215.40+215.20)/
2=215.30;
It is (220.10+221.50+ in the average value that 250 DEG C -300 DEG C of temperature range sections seek firing temperature
193.60)/3=211.73;
It is (238.80+249.80+ in the average value that 300 DEG C -350 DEG C of temperature range sections seek firing temperature
206.60)/3=231.73;
It is (274.40+267.30+ in the average value that the temperature range section greater than 350 DEG C (350 DEG C of >) seeks firing temperature
280.20)/3=273.97;
It should be noted that the crude oil igniting empirical value (empirical value and igniting temperature of ignition delay time sought herein
The empirical value of degree) by the definite value of test sample determination, it can directly be utilized when seeking crude oil ignition parameter.
Step 3, using boiling range test according to temperature range section (less than 250 DEG C, 250 DEG C -300 DEG C, 300 DEG C -350 DEG C, with
And it is greater than 350 DEG C) crude oil is distilled, then data of available crude oil fractions content.
For example, crude oil less than 250 DEG C (<250 DEG C) temperature range section ends content be 10.98%;
It is 5.84% in 250 DEG C -300 DEG C of temperature range section ends contents;
It is 20.72% in 300 DEG C -350 DEG C of temperature range section ends contents;
It is being 62.49% in the temperature range section ends content greater than 350 DEG C (350 DEG C of >).
Step 4, the data of the crude oil igniting empirical value in step 2 and the crude oil fractions content in step 3 are brought into formula
In;
Wherein, t is crude oil ignition parameter;σ is crude oil igniting empirical value;AiCrude oil fractions for i-th of temperature range contain
The data of amount, i take 1 positive integer into n.Because being divided into four temperature range sections (less than 250 DEG C, 250 DEG C -300 DEG C, 300
DEG C -350 DEG C, and it is greater than 350 DEG C), therefore n=4 herein;I can be with value 1,2,3,4.
Then available crude oil ignition delay time is:td=13.42 × 10.98%+13.46 × 5.84%+14.48
× 20.72%+17.01 × 62.46%=15.88min
The firing temperature that can also obtain crude oil is:ti=215.3 × 10.98%+211.73 × 5.84%+231.73 ×
20.72%+273.97 × 62.46%=255.14 DEG C
In order to verify the accuracy that the crude oil ignition parameter determines method, the above results and the igniting of practical crude oil can be prolonged
Slow time td=16.23min and firing temperature ti=259.40 DEG C compare, and respectively obtain the standard of crude oil ignition delay time
Really rate is:97.843%;The accuracy rate of crude oil firing temperature is:98.358%.
It is determined it can be seen that can use simple boiling range test using the method for the determination crude oil ignition parameter of the application
The ends content of different temperatures segment calculates crude oil ignition parameter (crude oil ignition delay time and crude oil point using formula
Fiery temperature) accuracy rate with higher, it can be implemented at crude oil fireflood igniting scene.
Based on the same inventive concept, a kind of device of determining crude oil ignition parameter is additionally provided in the embodiment of the present invention, such as
Described in the following examples.The principle solved the problems, such as due to a kind of device of determining crude oil ignition parameter and a kind of determining crude oil point
The method of fiery parameter is similar, it is thus determined that the implementation of the device of crude oil ignition parameter may refer to determine the side of crude oil ignition parameter
The implementation of method, overlaps will not be repeated.Used below, predetermined function may be implemented in term " unit " or " module "
The combination of software and/or hardware.Although device described in following embodiment is preferably realized with software, hardware, or
The realization of the combination of person's software and hardware is also that may and be contemplated.
As shown in Fig. 2, the present invention also provides a kind of device of determining crude oil ignition parameter, which includes:
Module 101 is distilled, is configured as distilling crude oil according to temperature, the original in different temperatures section after being distilled
Oil distillate;
Module 102 is obtained, is configured as obtaining the data of the crude oil fractions content in different temperatures section;
Ignition module 103 is configured as the data of the crude oil fractions content based on different temperatures section, predetermined according to first
Rule obtains crude oil ignition parameter.
In one embodiment, the distillation module 101, which is configured as distill to crude oil according to temperature, includes:
According to less than 250 DEG C;
250℃-300℃;
300℃-350℃;And
Greater than 350 DEG C, four temperature ranges distill crude oil.
In one embodiment, the ignition module 103 is specifically configured to be calculated according to following formula described
Crude oil ignition parameter:
Wherein, t is crude oil ignition parameter;σ is crude oil igniting empirical value;AiCrude oil fractions for i-th of temperature range contain
The data of amount, i take 1 positive integer into n.
In one embodiment, crude oil igniting empirical value be specifically configured to include:
Pickup unit is configured as picking up multiple groups crude oil sample;
Fuel element is configured as burning to every group of crude oil sample respectively, obtain after the burning of every group of crude oil sample
The crude oil ignition parameter in different temperatures section;
Unit is sought, the crude oil ignition parameter averaged to each group crude oil sample same temperature section is configured as,
The average value is crude oil igniting empirical value.
In one embodiment, the crude oil ignition parameter includes the ignition delay time of crude oil and/or the point of crude oil
Fiery temperature.
In addition, the present invention also provides a kind of device of determining crude oil ignition parameter, including memory and processor, memory
Middle storage computer program, the computer program realize determination crude oil point as described below when being executed by the processor
The step of method of fiery parameter.
In the present embodiment, the memory may include the physical unit for storing information, usually by information
It is stored again with the media using the methods of electricity, magnetic or optics after digitlization.Memory described in present embodiment again may be used
To include:The device of information, such as RAM, ROM are stored in the way of electric energy;The device of information is stored in the way of magnetic energy, it is such as hard
Disk, floppy disk, tape, core memory, magnetic bubble memory, USB flash disk;Using the device of optical mode storage information, such as CD or DVD.
Certainly, there are also memories of other modes, such as quantum memory, graphene memory etc..
In the present embodiment, the processor can be implemented in any suitable manner.For example, the processor can be with
Take such as microprocessor or processor and storage can by (micro-) processor execute computer readable program code (such as
Software or firmware) computer-readable medium, logic gate, switch, specific integrated circuit (Application Specific
Integrated Circuit, ASIC), programmable logic controller (PLC) and the form etc. for being embedded in microcontroller.
The concrete function that the server that this specification embodiment provides, processor and memory are realized, can be with this
Aforementioned embodiments in specification contrast explanation.
In another embodiment, additionally provide a kind of software, the software for execute above-described embodiment and preferably
Technical solution described in embodiment.
In another embodiment, a kind of storage medium is additionally provided, above-mentioned software is stored in the storage medium,
The storage medium includes but is not limited to:CD, floppy disk, hard disk, scratch pad memory etc..
As can be seen from the above description, embodiment of the present invention realizes following technical effect:The present invention compared to
The crude oil ignition parameter security performance that conventional self-ignition point combustion test determines is higher, and the time is short, and expense is low, and usual situation
Under, oil field has a set of ready-made database for the ends content of crude oil, brings formula into using the data in the database, can
It can be obtained the ignition parameter of crude oil with the test of it goes without doing boiling range.
Obviously, those skilled in the art should be understood that each module of the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention or each step can be with
It is realized with general computing device, they can be concentrated on a single computing device, or be distributed in multiple computing devices
On composed network, optionally, they can be realized with the program code that computing device can perform, it is thus possible to by it
Store and be performed by computing device in the storage device, and in some cases, can be held with the sequence for being different from herein
The shown or described step of row, perhaps they are fabricated to each integrated circuit modules or will be multiple in them
Module or step are fabricated to single integrated circuit module to realize.In this way, the embodiment of the present invention be not limited to it is any specific hard
Part and software combine.
All articles and reference of present disclosure, including patent application and publication, pass through for various purposes
It quotes and is hereby incorporated by.Describing combined term " substantially by ... constitute " should include identified element, ingredient, component or step
And other elements, ingredient, component or step essentially without the basic novel feature for influencing the combination.Use term " packet
Containing " or " comprising " come describe element here, ingredient, component or step combination it is also contemplated that substantially by these elements, ingredient,
The embodiment that component or step are constituted.Here by using term " can with ", it is intended to illustrate that " can with " includes described
Any attribute is all optional.
Multiple element, ingredient, component or step can be provided by single integrated component, ingredient, component or step.Optionally
Ground, single integrated component, ingredient, component or step can be divided into multiple element, ingredient, component or the step of separation.It is used to
The open "a" or "an" for describing element, ingredient, component or step is not said to exclude other elements, ingredient, component
Or step.
It should be understood that above description is to illustrate rather than to be limited.By reading above-mentioned retouch
It states, many embodiments and many applications except provided example all will be aobvious and easy for a person skilled in the art
See.Therefore, the range of this introduction should not be determined referring to foregoing description, but should referring to preceding claims and this
The full scope of the equivalent that a little claims are possessed determines.For comprehensive purpose, all articles and with reference to including special
The disclosure of benefit application and bulletin is all by reference to being incorporated herein.Theme disclosed herein is omitted in preceding claims
Any aspect is not intended to abandon the body matter, also should not be considered as applicant the theme is not thought of as it is disclosed
Apply for a part of theme.
Claims (11)
1. a kind of method of determining crude oil ignition parameter, which is characterized in that including:
Crude oil is distilled according to temperature, the crude oil fractions in different temperatures section after being distilled;
Obtain the data of the crude oil fractions content in different temperatures section;
The data of crude oil fractions content based on different temperatures section obtain crude oil ignition parameter according to the first pre-defined rule.
2. the method for determining crude oil ignition parameter according to claim 1, which is characterized in that carried out according to temperature to crude oil
Distillation includes:
According to less than 250 DEG C;
250℃-300℃;
300℃-350℃;And
Greater than 350 DEG C, four temperature ranges distill crude oil.
3. the method for determining crude oil ignition parameter according to claim 2, which is characterized in that first pre-defined rule is
The crude oil ignition parameter is calculated according to following formula:
Wherein, t is crude oil ignition parameter;σ is crude oil igniting empirical value;AiFor the number of the crude oil fractions content of i-th of temperature range
According to i takes 1 positive integer into n.
4. the method for determining crude oil ignition parameter according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the crude oil igniting empirical value
It obtains in accordance with the following methods:
Pick up multiple groups crude oil sample;
It burns to every group of crude oil sample, lights a fire after obtaining every group of crude oil sample burning in the crude oil in different temperatures section respectively
Parameter;
To the crude oil ignition parameter averaged in each group crude oil sample same temperature section, which is crude oil igniting warp
Test value.
5. the method for determining crude oil ignition parameter according to any one of claim 1 to 4, which is characterized in that the original
Oily ignition parameter includes the ignition delay time of crude oil and/or the firing temperature of crude oil.
6. a kind of device of determining crude oil ignition parameter, which is characterized in that including:
Module is distilled, is configured as distilling crude oil according to temperature, the crude oil fractions in different temperatures section after being distilled;
Module is obtained, is configured as obtaining the data of the crude oil fractions content in different temperatures section;
Ignition module is configured as the data of the crude oil fractions content based on different temperatures section, obtains according to the first pre-defined rule
To crude oil ignition parameter.
7. the device of determining crude oil ignition parameter according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the distillation module is configured
Include to carry out distillation to crude oil according to temperature:
According to less than 250 DEG C;
250℃-300℃;
300℃-350℃;And
Greater than 350 DEG C, four temperature ranges distill crude oil.
8. the device of determining crude oil ignition parameter according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the specific quilt of the ignition module
It is configured to that the crude oil ignition parameter is calculated according to following formula:
Wherein, t is crude oil ignition parameter;σ is crude oil igniting empirical value;AiFor the number of the crude oil fractions content of i-th of temperature range
According to i takes 1 positive integer into n.
9. the device of determining crude oil ignition parameter according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the crude oil igniting empirical value
Be specifically configured to include:
Pickup unit is configured as picking up multiple groups crude oil sample;
Fuel element is configured as burning to every group of crude oil sample respectively, obtains after every group of crude oil sample burns in difference
The crude oil ignition parameter of temperature range;
Unit is sought, the crude oil ignition parameter averaged to each group crude oil sample same temperature section is configured as, this is flat
Mean value is crude oil igniting empirical value.
10. the device of determining crude oil ignition parameter according to any one of claims 6 to 9, which is characterized in that the original
Oily ignition parameter includes the ignition delay time of crude oil and/or the firing temperature of crude oil.
11. a kind of device of determining crude oil ignition parameter, which is characterized in that including memory and processor, stored in memory
Computer program, the computer program realize following steps when being executed by the processor:As claim 1 to 5 is any
The method of determination crude oil ignition parameter described in.
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WO2023123977A1 (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2023-07-06 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Crude oil pseudocomponents, acquisition method thereof, and air injection reservoir development determination method based on crude oil component analysis |
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