CN108872031B - Motor vehicle smoke blackness measuring device and method - Google Patents
Motor vehicle smoke blackness measuring device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108872031B CN108872031B CN201811083161.6A CN201811083161A CN108872031B CN 108872031 B CN108872031 B CN 108872031B CN 201811083161 A CN201811083161 A CN 201811083161A CN 108872031 B CN108872031 B CN 108872031B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N2015/0096—Investigating consistence of powders, dustability, dustiness
Abstract
the invention discloses a motor vehicle smoke blackness measuring device which comprises an imaging unit, a data processing unit, a display unit, an illuminating light source and an equatorial telescope and also discloses a motor vehicle smoke blackness measuring method. The invention obtains the blackness image only with smoke by respectively imaging the two states of the motor vehicle discharging smoke and not discharging smoke and carrying out difference on the two images to deduct the background image information of the environment. Has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, objective and accurate detection result, and the like.
Description
Technical Field
the invention relates to the field of monitoring of motor vehicle exhaust pollution emission, in particular to a motor vehicle smoke blackness measuring device and a motor vehicle smoke blackness measuring method.
Background art:
with the development of transportation technology and requirements, the proportion of air pollution caused by the emission of motor vehicle exhaust is increasing day by day, but the motor vehicles are wide in distribution and strong in mobility, and the emitted exhaust pollutants are free of form and rapid in change, so that great difficulty is brought to the detection of the motor vehicle exhaust, and the method is a technical bottleneck of supervision system construction.
A large amount of technical exploration is carried out at home and abroad, the mode of simple and easy working condition sampling detection is generally adopted for vehicle exhaust emission detection at all places at present, namely, the exhaust emission of a motor vehicle is sampled at a specified detection place and under a detection condition, and after smoke particulate matters are enriched, the smoke particulate matters are weighed by a balance or the modes of particle counting, electromigration and the like are adopted. The methods have the advantages of complex operation flow, low detection time consumption and low use convenience on the road site.
the light-tight smoke meter can detect the low-concentration particulate matter emission of the motor vehicle and can realize the continuous measurement of the exhaust smoke intensity. However, in this method, the smoke is extracted from the chimney of the motor vehicle and is uniformly filled in the measurement air chamber, so that the detection accuracy can be ensured, and the mixing of external air is reduced as much as possible when the smoke is extracted. The method has high requirements on operation technology, low detection time consumption and low use convenience on road sites.
the Ringelmann blackness meter is generally applied to blackness measurement of smoke discharged by fixed pollution sources such as industrial chimneys, and the most basic Ringelmann blackness meter needs to observe the smoke by naked eyes and compare the smoke with a Ringelmann blackness chart so as to judge the blackness level of the smoke; the existing electronic ringer Mannesmann blackness meter records smoke by photographing, records and artificially judges the blackness of the smoke at the later stage. The ringer-Mannheim method has high requirements on the experience and the technology of a measurer, the judgment result can generate subjective difference due to the physiological state and the experience of the measurer, and the method generally needs more standard sky background light conditions to accurately judge. Background light images of motor vehicle smoke emission are much more complex than sky backgrounds, and a measurer cannot easily adopt the method to directly and accurately measure the blackness of motor vehicle exhaust through naked eyes. Even if the smoke of the motor vehicle is recorded by photographing by adopting the electronic ringer Mannheim meter, the blackness of the tail gas of the motor vehicle is difficult to accurately measure because the smoke and the complex background image are overlapped.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to provide a device and a method for measuring the blackness of motor vehicle smoke aiming at the problems in the prior art, wherein the device and the method respectively image the two states of motor vehicle smoke emission and non-smoke emission, and then carry out difference on the two images to deduct the interference information of the environmental background image so as to obtain the blackness image of only smoke. The blackness detection device has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in operation, objective and accurate blackness value obtained by detection and the like.
in order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the device for measuring the blackness of the smoke of the motor vehicle comprises an imaging unit, a data processing unit, a display unit, an illuminating light source and an equatorial telescope;
the lighting source is used for emitting light to irradiate the smoke of the motor vehicle;
the imaging unit is used for shooting an image of a set area where the motor vehicle chimney is located, enabling smoke sprayed by the motor vehicle chimney to fall into the set area, and transmitting a gray image Y before the motor vehicle chimney sprays the smoke and a gray image X after the motor vehicle chimney sprays the smoke to the data processing unit;
the data processing unit is used for subtracting the pixel data corresponding to the gray image X from each pixel data of the gray image Y to obtain an image Z ', then subtracting each pixel value of the image Z' from the maximum gray value corresponding to the highest analog-to-digital conversion digit of the imaging unit to obtain an image Z, and transmitting the image Z to the display unit;
The display unit displays the image Z;
the imaging unit, the data processing unit, the display unit and the illumination light source are all installed on the equatorial telescope.
The method for measuring the blackness of the smoke of the motor vehicle comprises the following steps:
Turning on an illumination light source, and adjusting the horizontal rotation and pitch angle of an equatorial telescope to enable light emitted by the illumination light source to irradiate a set area where a motor vehicle chimney is located, wherein smoke ejected by the motor vehicle chimney falls into the set area;
secondly, pressing a shutter of the imaging unit, photographing an image before the smoke is sprayed out of a chimney of the motor vehicle, obtaining a gray image Y and transmitting the gray image Y to the data processing unit;
thirdly, starting an engine and an oil filling door of the motor vehicle when the state of the equatorial telescope is unchanged, enabling the motor vehicle to reach a rated load operation state, pressing a shutter of the imaging unit, photographing smoke gas sprayed out of a chimney of the motor vehicle, obtaining a gray image X and transmitting the gray image X to the data processing unit;
the data processing unit subtracts the pixel data corresponding to the gray image X from the pixel data of the gray image Y to obtain a data image Z ', then subtracts the pixel value of the image Z' from the value corresponding to the highest analog-to-digital conversion digit of the imaging unit to obtain a data image Z, and transmits the image Z to the display unit, so that the blackness image of the motor vehicle smoke is displayed.
the invention has the advantages and effects that:
1) The structure is simple: compared with the existing method of using a chimney to extract a smoke sample for measurement, the method has the advantages that the system composition structure is much simpler.
2) the operation is convenient: the detection personnel can obtain the measurement result of the blackness of the smoke through automatic data processing as long as the detection personnel respectively image the smoke emission state and the smoke non-emission state of the motor vehicle, and the operation is very convenient.
3) the monitoring result is objective: the monitoring result does not depend on visual observation and subjective judgment any more, and the result processed by data calculation does not adulterate artificial subjective factors any more.
4) The monitoring result is accurate: the result after monitoring the smoke with uneven distribution and multiple changed ends is not limited to 5-level division of Ringelmann blackness, and finer blackness levels are divided according to the analog-to-digital conversion digits of imaging data; different blackness grades can be distinguished at different positions according to the unevenly distributed smoke.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a layout of a device for measuring blackness of smoke of a motor vehicle.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the components of the device for measuring the blackness of the motor vehicle smoke.
FIG. 3 is a graph of experimentally measured motor vehicle smoke darkness.
The system comprises an imaging unit 1, a data processing unit 2, a display unit 3, an illumination light source 4 and an equatorial telescope 5.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples for the purpose of facilitating understanding and practice of the invention by those of ordinary skill in the art, and it is to be understood that the present invention has been described in the illustrative embodiments and is not to be construed as limited thereto.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the device for measuring the blackness of the smoke of the motor vehicle comprises an imaging unit 1, a data processing unit 2, a display unit 3, an illumination light source 4 and an equatorial instrument 5;
The lighting source 4 is used for emitting light to irradiate the smoke of the motor vehicle;
The system comprises an imaging unit 1, a data processing unit 2 and a data processing unit, wherein the imaging unit 1 is used for shooting an image of a set area where a motor vehicle chimney is located, smoke emitted by the motor vehicle chimney falls into the set area, and transmitting a gray image Y before the motor vehicle chimney emits the smoke and a gray image X after the motor vehicle chimney emits the smoke to the data processing unit 2;
the data processing unit 2 is configured to subtract pixel data corresponding to the grayscale image X from each pixel data of the grayscale image Y to obtain an image Z ', subtract each pixel value of the image Z' from a maximum grayscale value corresponding to a maximum analog-to-digital conversion bit number of the imaging unit 1 (for example, if the maximum analog-to-digital conversion bit number of the imaging unit 1 is 8, the corresponding maximum grayscale value is 8 times of 2, that is, 256) to obtain an image Z, and transmit the image Z to the display unit 3;
The display unit 3 displays an image Z;
the imaging unit 1, the data processing unit 2, the display unit 3, and the illumination light source 4 are all mounted on the equatorial telescope 5.
The method for measuring the blackness of the smoke of the motor vehicle comprises the following steps:
Firstly, turning on an illumination light source 4, and adjusting the horizontal rotation and pitch angle of an equatorial telescope 5 to enable light emitted by the illumination light source 4 to irradiate a set area where a motor vehicle chimney is located, wherein smoke ejected by the motor vehicle chimney falls into the set area;
Secondly, a shutter of the imaging unit 1 is pressed, an image before the smoke is sprayed out of the motor vehicle chimney is photographed, a gray image Y before the smoke is sprayed out of the motor vehicle chimney is obtained and is transmitted to the data processing unit 2;
Thirdly, starting an engine and an oil filling door of the motor vehicle when the state of the equatorial telescope is unchanged, enabling the motor vehicle to reach a rated load operation state, pressing a shutter of the imaging unit 1, photographing smoke ejected from a chimney of the motor vehicle, obtaining a gray image X of the smoke ejected from the chimney of the motor vehicle and transmitting the gray image X to the data processing unit 2;
the data processing unit 2 is configured to subtract the pixel data corresponding to the grayscale image X from each pixel data of the grayscale image Y to obtain an image Z ', subtract each pixel value of the image Z' from a maximum grayscale value corresponding to a maximum analog-to-digital conversion bit number of the imaging unit 1 (for example, if the maximum analog-to-digital conversion bit number of the imaging unit 1 is 8, the corresponding maximum grayscale value is 8 times of 2, that is, 256) to obtain an image Z, and transmit the image Z to the display unit 3, that is, to display a blackness image of the smoke of the motor vehicle.
And obtaining the blackness grades of different parts in the image according to the image data value of the image Z.
principle of detection
the grayscale image X includes two pieces of information: the background interference picture covered in the field of view of the imaging unit 1 comprises the background of the ground, the motor vehicle and all other ground objects; the other part is a smoke image emitted by the motor vehicle, and the two parts of information are superposed together and are difficult to distinguish.
The grayscale image Y contains only a part of the information, namely: the background covered in the field of view of the imaging unit 1 interferes with the picture. Since the imaging unit 1 does not have any change in all states except the state of the engine of the motor vehicle when capturing the grayscale images X and Y, the background picture information contained in the grayscale images X and Y is identical.
The data processing unit 2 subtracts the pixel data corresponding to the gray image X from each pixel data of the gray image Y, completely eliminates the information of the background picture, and obtains an image Z' only containing a smoke image emitted by the motor vehicle.
However, the darker the smoke in the image Z ', the larger the pixel value, and if the image Z' is displayed directly on the display unit 3, the darker the smoke, the brighter the image, contrary to the human sense. Therefore, the numerical value corresponding to the highest analog-to-digital conversion digit of the imaging unit 1 is used for subtracting each pixel value of the image Z' to obtain a data image Z, and in the data image Z, the darker the smoke corresponding to the darker the image, the same as the sense of human beings.
The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications, additions and substitutions for the specific embodiments described may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention or exceeding the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (2)
1. the device for measuring the blackness of the smoke of the motor vehicle comprises an imaging unit (1), and is characterized by further comprising a data processing unit (2), a display unit (3), an illuminating light source (4) and an equatorial telescope (5);
The lighting source (4) is used for emitting light to irradiate the smoke of the motor vehicle;
The system comprises an imaging unit (1) and a data processing unit (2), wherein the imaging unit is used for shooting an image of a set area where a motor vehicle chimney is located, smoke emitted by the motor vehicle chimney falls into the set area, and a gray image Y before the motor vehicle chimney emits the smoke and a gray image X after the motor vehicle chimney emits the smoke are transmitted to the data processing unit (2);
the data processing unit (2) is used for subtracting the pixel data corresponding to the gray image X from each pixel data of the gray image Y to obtain an image Z ', then subtracting each pixel value of the image Z' from the maximum gray value corresponding to the highest analog-to-digital conversion bit number of the imaging unit (1) to obtain an image Z, and transmitting the image Z to the display unit (3);
A display unit (3) displays an image Z;
the imaging unit (1), the data processing unit (2), the display unit (3) and the illumination light source (4) are all arranged on the equatorial telescope (5).
2. the method for measuring the blackness of the motor vehicle smoke by using the device for measuring the blackness of the motor vehicle smoke according to claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
The method comprises the following steps that firstly, an illumination light source (4) is turned on, the horizontal rotation and the pitch angle of an equatorial telescope (5) are adjusted, light emitted by the illumination light source (4) is irradiated to a set area where a motor vehicle chimney is located, and smoke sprayed by the motor vehicle chimney falls into the set area;
Secondly, pressing a shutter of the imaging unit (1), photographing an image before smoke is sprayed out of a chimney of the motor vehicle, obtaining a gray image Y and transmitting the gray image Y to the data processing unit (2);
thirdly, starting an engine and an oil filling door of the motor vehicle to enable the motor vehicle to reach a rated load operation state when the state of the equatorial telescope is unchanged, pressing a shutter of the imaging unit (1), photographing smoke sprayed out of a chimney of the motor vehicle, obtaining a gray image X and transmitting the gray image X to the data processing unit (2);
the data processing unit (2) subtracts the pixel data corresponding to the gray image X from each pixel data of the gray image Y to obtain a data image Z ', then converts the numerical value corresponding to the digit number by using the highest modulus of the imaging unit (1), subtracts each pixel value of the image Z' to obtain a data image Z, and transmits the image Z to the display unit (3), namely the blackness image of the motor vehicle smoke is displayed.
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