CN108871995B - Automatic monitoring system and monitoring method for quality change of energetic material - Google Patents
Automatic monitoring system and monitoring method for quality change of energetic material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an automatic monitoring system and a monitoring method for the quality change of an energetic material, and the automatic monitoring system comprises a sample container, a heating constant temperature device, a motion control device, a weighing device, a numerical value display system, an alarm system and a computer, wherein the heating constant temperature device, the motion control device, the weighing device, the numerical value display system and the alarm system are connected with the computer, the heating constant temperature device is used for heating and preserving heat of a sample in the sample container, the motion control device is used for moving the sample container and controlling the heating or weighing of the sample, the weighing device is used for weighing the sample, the numerical value display system is used for displaying the temperature and the weight of the sample, the computer can record monitoring data, a handle is arranged on the sample container, and a heat insulating material is arranged between the heating constant temperature device and the weighing. The system can realize quality monitoring of a plurality of samples at multiple temperatures for a long time, and has high automation degree.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energetic material evaluation, in particular to an automatic monitoring system and a monitoring method for energetic material quality change.
Background
The energetic material is a substance which does work through violent chemical reaction and is widely applied to a plurality of fields of weapon systems, aerospace, mineral exploitation and the like. However, energetic materials are relatively unstable substances and undergo slow thermal decomposition during production, storage, transportation and the like. The occurrence of such thermal decomposition brings stability problems to the energetic material. If the storage amount of the energetic material is large and the storage time is long, the heat released by the thermal decomposition of the energetic material is not easy to dissipate to generate heat accumulation accelerated reaction, or self-catalysis accelerated reaction, chain reaction and the like, so detonation is easy to cause, and casualties and economic loss are caused. Most energetic materials are not used in elemental form, but are used in admixture with other materials. The effect of the mixture on the thermal decomposition of the energetic material becomes also of paramount importance, which is the compatibility of the energetic material with the mixing substance. In addition, the effectiveness problem of the energetic materials after long-term storage, namely the safe storage life evaluation work, is also an important subject of continuous research in the field of the current energetic materials.
Because energetic materials release gas products with relatively low molecular weights during decomposition, the mass is reduced with the concomitant absorption or release of heat. Based on the characteristics, researchers at home and abroad develop methods such as a gas measurement method, a calorimetric method, a thermal weight loss method and the like to research the thermal decomposition of the explosive.
The thermal weight loss method is widely applied to the thermal decomposition research of explosives and is one of important methods for evaluating the thermal performance of the explosives. The most common thermal weight loss methods currently include thermogravimetry, in addition to 100 ℃ heating, long-term aging weight measurement, and the like.
The thermogravimetric method adopts a thermogravimetric analyzer to continuously measure the mass change of a sample after being heated, can realize automatic recording, and can realize loading under various test conditions such as constant temperature, programmed temperature and the like. However, the amount of the sample measured by the thermogravimetry is small, and is only a few milligrams, so that the change of a large-size sample in the actual process is difficult to explain. Meanwhile, the balance of the thermogravimetric analyzer is in the heating chamber, so that a drift phenomenon occurs, a base line needs to be corrected, and the thermogravimetric analyzer is not suitable for long-time testing of a sample. In addition, the thermogravimetric analyzer can only test the mass change of one sample at a time, and the efficiency is low.
Other methods for researching the stability, the compatibility and the estimated storage life of the energetic material based on the thermal weight loss method, such as a 100 ℃ heating method and a long-term aging weight test, are all that a sample is placed in a constant-temperature oven and is placed for a certain time, then the sample is taken out, and the mass of the sample is weighed by a balance. The method for weighing the sample at constant temperature, discontinuously and periodically relates to a cyclic process of heating, transferring and weighing the sample, and has the advantages of low automation degree, complex operation steps and large occupied labor and time cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide an automatic monitoring system and a monitoring method for the quality change of an energetic material. The method is suitable for automatic monitoring of mass change in the aging process of most energetic materials, and has great application potential in the work of stability and compatibility test and safe storage life evaluation of the energetic materials.
In order to achieve the technical effects, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides an automatic monitoring system for the quality change of energetic materials, which comprises a sample container, a heating constant temperature device, a motion control device, a weighing device, a numerical value display system, an alarm system and a computer, wherein the heating constant temperature device, the motion control device, the weighing device, the numerical value display system and the alarm system are respectively connected with the computer, the heating constant temperature device is used for heating and preserving the heat of samples in the sample container, the motion control device comprises a moving track and a mechanical arm, the mechanical arm can move on the moving track and can move up and down in a telescopic manner, the weighing device is used for weighing the samples, the numerical value display system is used for displaying the temperature and the weight of the samples, the computer records monitoring data, handles are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the upper part of the sample container, and the mechanical arm is used for fixing the handles and driving the sample container to move horizontally or up and down, the motion control device is arranged at the upper part of the heating constant temperature device, the weighing device is arranged at the lower part of the heating constant temperature device, the center of the weighing device corresponds to the center of the heating constant temperature device, and a heat insulation material is arranged between the heating constant temperature device and the weighing device.
Further, the sample container is made of metal or glass and is in the shape of a cylinder, the diameter of the circular section of the sample container is 10-50 mm, the height of the cylinder is 20-100 mm, the handle is arranged at the position 3/5-4/5 away from the top of the sample container, and the length of the handle is 5-15 mm.
Further, a soaking block is arranged in the heating constant temperature device and is heated by a resistance wire, the heating rate is lower than 10 ℃/min, and the temperature setting range is 20-180 ℃.
Furthermore, the heating time of the heating thermostat is set within the range of 0.5 hour to 12 months, and 1 to 8 sample containers can be placed in the heating thermostat.
Furthermore, a mechanical arm on the motion control device moves downwards and then is fixed on a handle of the sample container, then the mechanical arm drives the sample container to move upwards for a certain distance and then is translated to the center of the heating thermostat, the heat insulation material at the center is removed, the mechanical arm moves downwards to place the sample container on the weighing device, and after weighing is completed, the mechanical arm can drive the sample container to move upwards to leave the weighing device.
Further, the weighing apparatus is calibrated before weighing.
Further, the alarm system can give an alarm when the monitored temperature of the sample exceeds the set temperature by 1-50 ℃.
Further, the state of the energetic material in the sample container is any one of liquid state, powder state, particle state or block state.
Furthermore, the temperature set by the heating thermostat is lower than the decomposition temperature of the sample by more than 50 ℃ and lower than the volatilization temperature of the volatile sample or the sublimation temperature of the easy-to-sublimate sample.
The invention also provides an automatic monitoring method for the quality change of the energetic material, which comprises the following steps: (1) weighing and recording a sample to be detected; (2) setting constant temperature, heating rate, automatic sampling frequency, sampling times and alarm temperature in a computer; (3) putting a sample into the sample container, and putting the sample container into the heating constant temperature device when the temperature of the heating constant temperature device reaches a set value and is stable; (4) weighing the sample through the motion control device and the weighing device, recording data, recording according to set time, storing the data, and displaying the current mass of the sample and the current temperature of the heating constant temperature device in real time through the numerical value display system; (5) and after the measurement ending time, the motion control system moves the sample out of the heating thermostat, and the heating thermostat stops heating.
The invention is further explained and explained below, the invention provides an automatic monitoring system for the quality change of energetic materials, which comprises a sample container, a heating constant temperature device, a motion control device, a weighing device, a numerical value display system, an alarm system and a computer, wherein the heating constant temperature device, the motion control device, the weighing device, the numerical value display system and the alarm system are connected with the computer, the energetic material sample to be measured is placed in the sample container, two handles are arranged on two sides of the upper end of the sample container for convenient movement, the heating constant temperature device heats the sample container through a resistance wire, a soaking block is arranged in the heating constant temperature device, the soaking block and the weighing device are isolated by a heat insulating material, the measuring precision of the weighing device can be prevented from being influenced under a high-temperature environment for a long time, a mechanical arm is arranged on the motion control device, the sample container containing the sample can move around the track in the soaking block by utilizing a transmission system on motion control, after the sample container rotates to reach a designated position, the mechanical arm moves downwards and is fixed on a handle of the sample container, then moves upwards for a certain distance, after the sample container is translated to the center of the soaking block, the heat insulation material at the center is moved away, the mechanical arm moves downwards, the sample container containing the sample is placed on a balance tray of the weighing device, and meanwhile, the mechanical arm can also move the sample container from the tray balance to the specific position of the soaking block. Wherein the weighing apparatus needs to perform an internal calibration before weighing and then weigh the mass of the item placed in the tray. The temperature and the quality of the sample are displayed in real time by an electronic screen of a numerical display system, and when the temperature exceeds a set temperature within a certain range (1-50 ℃), an alarm system can automatically alarm. The computer records and stores the data of the sample such as mass, temperature, time and the like.
The present invention places samples of different energetic materials in a heating device to maintain a constant temperature for a long period of time. And setting an automatic position adjusting program of the sample through an automatic control technology, automatically conveying the sample to a weighing position at set time interval points, finishing the weighing program, and automatically recording data. The method is suitable for automatic monitoring of mass change in the aging process of most energetic materials, and has great application potential in the work of stability and compatibility test and safe storage life evaluation of the energetic materials.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) the invention is suitable for the online quality monitoring of all liquid, powder and block energetic materials with proper sizes, and can realize the constant temperature monitoring of energetic materials with larger mass; (2) the invention can realize the quality monitoring under the long-time multi-temperature, because the weighing device and the heating device are separated by the heat insulating material, the weighing balance is in the normal temperature state, the internal correction can be carried out before each weighing, and the accuracy of the long-time weighing is ensured; (3) the heating thermostat can be used for simultaneously placing a plurality of sample containers, so that a plurality of samples can be heated at constant temperature for a long time; (4) the invention has high automation degree, reduces the links of taking, placing, transferring and weighing samples manually and saves manpower.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a sample container in the system for automatically monitoring the change in the mass of an energetic material according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a heating thermostat in the system for automatically monitoring the change in the mass of an energetic material according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the system for automatically monitoring the change in the mass of the energetic material according to the present invention;
in the figure 3, 1, an alarm system, 2, a motion control device, 3, a sample container, 4, a heating constant temperature device, 5, a weighing device, 6, a numerical value display system, 7 and a computer.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be emphasized that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting.
Example 1
The implementation of the invention is illustrated by the change in mass of 6 samples of powder containing 200mg of the energetic material hexogen (RDX) at 120 ℃ for 90 days, with the following steps:
(1) selecting 6 sample pools with the diameter of 20mm and the height of 50mm, numbering the sample pools in sequence, weighing the samples, and inputting the weighing results into computer software;
(2) setting the constant temperature of a heating constant temperature device to be 120 ℃, the heating rate to be 5 ℃/min, the automatic sampling frequency to be 3 days/time, the adoption frequency to be 30 times, and the alarm temperature of an alarm system to be 125 ℃ in computer software;
(3) respectively adding 200mgRDX samples into 6 sample containers, and sequentially placing the sample containers into a heating constant temperature device when the temperature of the heating constant temperature device is constant at 120 ℃;
(4) sequentially controlling a mechanical arm and a weighing system on the motion control device to weigh 6 sample containers through computer software, automatically inputting results into a computer, automatically deducting the mass of the sample containers to obtain the initial mass of the samples, automatically starting timing and storing data through the software, and displaying the current mass of the 6 samples and the current temperature of the heating device in real time through a numerical display system;
(5) and when the specified time is reached, if the specified time is reached, the mechanical arm automatically extracts the sample container to finish the measurement of the mass of the sample container, the sample number, the sample mass, the weighing time and the like are automatically recorded, the numerical value display system displays the current mass of the 6 samples and the current temperature of the heating device in real time, and the heating device stops heating until the sampling for 30 times is completed, so that the experiment is completed.
Example 2:
the implementation method of the invention is illustrated by taking the mass change of 4 energetic material polymer bonded explosive (PBX) grains of phi 10 × 10 at 100 ℃ for 60 days as an example, and comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting 4 sample pools with the diameter of 20mm and the height of 50mm, numbering the sample pools in sequence, weighing the samples, and inputting the weighing results into computer software;
(2) setting the constant temperature of a heating thermostat device to be 100 ℃, the heating rate to be 3 ℃/min, the automatic sampling frequency to be 2 days/time, the adoption frequency to be 30 times, and the alarm temperature of an alarm system to be 110 ℃ in computer software;
(3) respectively adding PBX (Polybutylece terephthalate) powder columns with phi 10 × 10 into the 4 sample pools, and sequentially placing the sample containers into a heating constant-temperature device when the temperature of the heating constant-temperature device is constant at 100 ℃;
(4) sequentially controlling a mechanical arm and a weighing system of the motion control device to weigh 4 sample containers through computer software, automatically inputting results into a computer, automatically deducting the mass of the sample containers to obtain the initial mass of the samples, automatically starting timing and storing data through the software, and displaying the current mass of the 4 PBX cartridges and the current temperature of the heating constant temperature device in real time through a numerical display system;
(5) by a specified time, such as day 60, the robotic arm automatically withdraws the sample cell to complete its mass measurement. And the number of the sample, the mass of the sample, the weighing time and the like are automatically recorded, the numerical value display system displays the current mass of the 4 sample containers and the current temperature of the heating constant temperature device in real time, and the heating device stops heating until the sampling for 30 times is completed, so that the experiment is completed.
Claims (9)
1. An automatic monitoring system for the quality change of energetic materials is characterized by comprising a sample container, a heating constant temperature device, a motion control device, a weighing device, a numerical value display system, an alarm system and a computer, wherein the heating constant temperature device, the motion control device, the weighing device, the numerical value display system and the alarm system are respectively connected with the computer, the heating constant temperature device is used for heating and preserving heat of samples in the sample container, the motion control device comprises a moving track and a mechanical arm, the mechanical arm can move on the moving track and can move up and down in a telescopic manner, the weighing device is used for weighing the samples, the numerical value display system is used for displaying the temperature and the weight of the samples, the computer is used for recording monitoring data, and handles are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the upper part of the sample container, the mechanical arm is used for fixing the handle and driving the sample container to move horizontally or vertically, the motion control device is arranged at the upper part of the heating constant temperature device, the weighing device is arranged at the lower part of the heating constant temperature device, the center of the weighing device corresponds to the center of the heating constant temperature device, and a heat insulation material is arranged between the heating constant temperature device and the weighing device; and after weighing is finished, the mechanical arm can drive the sample container to move upwards to leave the weighing device.
2. The automatic monitoring system for the quality change of the energetic material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the material of the sample container is metal or glass, the shape of the sample container is cylindrical, the diameter of the circular section of the sample container is 10-50 mm, the height of the cylinder is 20-100 mm, the handle is arranged at 3/5-4/5 away from the top of the sample container, and the length of the handle is 5-15 mm.
3. The system for automatically monitoring the quality change of the energetic material as claimed in claim 1, wherein a soaking block is arranged in the heating thermostat, the soaking block is heated by a resistance wire, the heating rate is lower than 10 ℃/min, and the temperature setting range is 20-180 ℃.
4. The system for automatically monitoring the quality change of the energetic material according to claim 1, wherein the heating time of the heating thermostat is set to be 0.5 hour to 12 months, and 1 to 8 sample containers can be placed in the heating thermostat.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the weighing apparatus is calibrated prior to weighing.
6. The automatic monitoring system for the quality change of the energetic material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the alarm system gives an alarm when the monitored temperature of the sample exceeds the set temperature by 1-50 ℃.
7. The system for automatically monitoring the quality change of the energetic material according to claim 1, wherein the state of the energetic material in the sample container is any one of liquid, powder, granules or blocks.
8. The system for automatically monitoring the quality change of the energetic material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the set temperature of the heating thermostat is more than 50 ℃ lower than the decomposition temperature of the sample and is lower than the volatilization temperature of the volatile sample or the sublimation temperature of the volatile sample.
9. An automatic monitoring method for the quality change of energetic materials, which adopts the automatic monitoring system for the quality change of energetic materials as claimed in claim 1, and is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) weighing a sample to be tested and recording data; (2) setting constant temperature, heating rate, automatic sampling frequency, sampling times and alarm temperature in a computer; (3) putting a sample into the sample container, and putting the sample container into the heating constant temperature device when the temperature of the heating constant temperature device reaches a set value and is stable; (4) weighing the sample through the motion control device and the weighing device, recording data, recording according to set time, storing the data, and displaying the current mass of the sample and the current temperature of the heating constant temperature device in real time through the numerical value display system; (5) and after the measurement ending time, the motion control system moves the sample out of the heating thermostat, and the heating thermostat stops heating.
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| CN110646459B (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2021-12-17 | 中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所 | Compatibility evaluation method of tetrazole-based energetic material based on gas product |
| CN113465712B (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2021-11-16 | 启东海大聚龙新材料科技有限公司 | Device and method for detecting weight of high-molecular precision bearing |
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