CN108871438A - A kind of motor monitoring, diagnosing method based on three shaft vibrations - Google Patents
A kind of motor monitoring, diagnosing method based on three shaft vibrations Download PDFInfo
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- CN108871438A CN108871438A CN201810648380.8A CN201810648380A CN108871438A CN 108871438 A CN108871438 A CN 108871438A CN 201810648380 A CN201810648380 A CN 201810648380A CN 108871438 A CN108871438 A CN 108871438A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
- G01M7/02—Vibration-testing by means of a shake table
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/34—Testing dynamo-electric machines
- G01R31/343—Testing dynamo-electric machines in operation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
- G06F17/10—Complex mathematical operations
- G06F17/14—Fourier, Walsh or analogous domain transformations, e.g. Laplace, Hilbert, Karhunen-Loeve, transforms
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- H04L67/02—Protocols based on web technology, e.g. hypertext transfer protocol [HTTP]
- H04L67/025—Protocols based on web technology, e.g. hypertext transfer protocol [HTTP] for remote control or remote monitoring of applications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/12—Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
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Abstract
The present invention relates to internet of things field, spy is related to a kind of motor monitoring, diagnosing method based on three shaft vibrations.The present invention is included in motor housing driving side and non-drive side installs three axis vibration sensors, acquires high-precision three shaft vibrations data, and the step of carrying out FFT calculating to the data of acquisition；It acquires and calculated data is by 485 buses, the step of real-time transmission is to industry gateway of internet of things；The step that industrial gateway of internet of things is connected with mobile phone by mobile Internet；Cell phone application is monitored motor running condition, judges the step of whether RMS value complies with standard value, be compared with historical data, judge running track vibrated.The present invention is calculated by FFT, by analyzing in frequency domain, can effectively determine the multiple operating parameters of motor.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to internet of things field, spy is related to a kind of motor monitoring, diagnosing method based on three shaft vibrations.
Background technique
Motor is a kind of power driven equipment for being widely used in industry, the stable operation of motor be guarantee enterprise it is normal and
The key equipment of continuous and stable production.Petrochemical industry often uses heavy-duty motor, and maintenance and maintenance period are long, and one
Denier breaks down, and often will cause enterprise and shuts down for a long time, and the production for seriously affecting enterprise is stablized.
The prior art generally requires live rich experiences personnel to scene, using professional detection instrument, carries out event to motor
Barrier diagnosis, this method have the following deficiencies：
1, it needs to be equipped with the technical staff with rich experiences, and accuracy rate of testing result is difficult to ensure；
2, conventional motors detection instrument, vibration detection analysis is insufficient, and vibrates as the pulse of people, most important.
3, conventional vibration detection device is expensive, using complexity, lacks effective data analysis, cannot provide result；
4, existing electrical fault detection technique is used for static detection, and detection front motor must power off, and influences production and living.
5, manual inspection judgement, can not track the operating status and operation data of motor.
6, forecasting type Measuring error can not be carried out.
Against the above deficiency, existing Chinese invention patent《A kind of electric rotating based on support vector machines and data-driven
Machine state monitoring method》(application number：201710535343.1) the three shaft vibrations letter that can obtain monitoring motor in real time is disclosed
Number and ambient temperature and humidity, receiving end is reached by Internet of Things wireless communication technique, then stored to database by receiving end, utilized
Wavelet analysis and ARIMA model or other times sequence prediction method calculate the information such as each node speed spectrogram, obtain pre-
Survey curve.But there is also following deficiencies for the patent：1, applicability is limited, is only used for the electric rotating of vector machine and data-driven
Machine, it is impossible to be used in all motor and generator.2, predominantly detecting foundation is velocity and acceleration, which can only reflect motor
Rotation status is unable to accurate judgement motor operating state.3, continuous wavelet analysis method is used, the method can only obtain the time
Spectrogram does effective judgement to frequency.4, average error value is as main feature, and error is very big 5, using the wireless transmission side Lora
Formula relies on the base station Lora, and base station is at high cost, and Lora wireless signal is easy to be interfered by the environment of plant, transmits unstable.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the motor monitoring, diagnosing method based on three shaft vibrations that the present invention provides a kind of.Electricity
Machine vibration be similar to human body pulse, the Gernral Check-up of motor is played a crucial role, the present invention from motor three
Shaft vibration is point of penetration, acquires data by technology of Internet of things, is analyzed using Fourier algorithm vibration frequency range, is accurately sentenced
Power machine operating status and trend, and human-computer interaction is carried out by mobile Internet and cell phone application.
The technical scheme is that：A kind of motor monitoring, diagnosing method based on three shaft vibrations, which is characterized in that including
Following steps：Step 1：Three axis vibration sensors are installed in motor housing driving side and non-drive side, acquire high-precision three axis
Vibration data, and FFT calculating is carried out to the data of acquisition,
FFT calculate process be：
What is calculated in formula is the continuous frequency spectrum of signal x (t)；The frequency of signal x (t) is calculated using discrete signal x (nT)
Spectrum；
There are limit for length discrete signal x (n), n=0,1 ..., the DFT of N-1 is defined as：
Step 2：Step 1 is acquired and calculated data pass through 485 buses, real-time transmission to industrial gateway of internet of things；Object
Networking closes while acquiring the temperature, humidity, electric current, voltage of motor working site, with electrographic recording, revolving speed, torque；
Step 3：Industrial gateway of internet of things is connected with mobile phone by mobile Internet, and cell phone application supports push immediately, Internet of Things
Data that step 2 is acquired are closed by ICP/IP protocol, in real-time transmission to mobile phone；
Step 4：Cell phone application is monitored motor running condition, judges to vibrate whether RMS value complies with standard value, and go through
History data are compared, and judge running track.
According to a kind of motor monitoring, diagnosing method based on three shaft vibrations as described above, which is characterized in that in step 2
By the detailed process of 485 bus transfers it is by acquisition and calculated data：Control system is set on motor, and control system is adopted
The data of collection are transmitted to industrial gateway of internet of things by bluetooth, and industrial gateway of internet of things includes unlimited receiver and distal end transmitting device,
By world-wide web then industrial gateway of internet of things data transmission is transferred data into mobile phone by server to server.
According to a kind of motor monitoring, diagnosing method based on three shaft vibrations as described above, which is characterized in that motor housing
The vertical point or level point of driving side install three axis vibration sensors.
According to a kind of motor monitoring, diagnosing method based on three shaft vibrations as described above, which is characterized in that motor housing
The vertical point or level point of non-drive side install three axis vibration sensors.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：First is that calculating by FFT, by analyzing in frequency domain, motor can be effectively determined
Multiple operating parameters；Second is that using algorithm of the invention, error is smaller, third is that cell phone network is relied on, without in addition increasing network
Equipment can be realized and be monitored in real time to equipment；Fourth is that can be with accurate judgement motor operating state and trend, and pass through shifting
Dynamic internet and cell phone application carry out human-computer interaction.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 motor Z axis schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 motor X-axis schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 motor Y-axis schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram that three axis vibration sensors are placed on motor.
Fig. 5 is acquisition data transmission schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 is X-axis, Y-axis, Z axis schematic diagram data.
Fig. 7 is Y-axis schematic diagram data.
Fig. 8 is Z axis schematic diagram data.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is described further below in conjunction with attached drawing.
Motor monitoring, diagnosing method based on three shaft vibrations of the invention, includes the following steps：
Step 1：Three axis vibration sensors are installed in motor housing driving side and non-drive side, acquire high-precision three axis vibration
Dynamic data, three axis vibration sensors of the invention may be used as the vibration of measurement moving body.Since the equipment such as motor are in factory
Fixed body, vibration rely primarily on Z axis data when measuring, perform an analysis with reading in ISO amplitude table.X, the reading of Y-axis is in fixed body
In the information with directive property (directional) vibration, be used that the following are 3 number of axle of the invention according to example P mainly as comparison：
Reference data is as follows：
Algorithm of the invention is as follows：Fusion device spare part information and domain expert's many years of experience rule, frequency division when collocation
Analysis technology and fuzzy nerve network algorithm (fuzzy neural network) can be directed to main shaft, bearing, gear-box, motor
Accurate interpretation is carried out Deng crucial rotary machine equipment spare part, 18 kinds of fault types.Mainly include：1, measurement parameters：FFT,
RMS, kurtosis.2, data recording and real-time tendency are analyzed.3, fuzzy nerve network algorithm.
Fig. 1 to Fig. 3 is that three axis of the invention acquire direction schematic diagram, wherein fft algorithm of the invention is as follows：
Amplitude is converted to vibrational energy at certain with fourier formula by FFT (Fast-Fourier Transformation)
The distribution situation of Frequency point (frequency domain).
What is calculated in formula is the continuous frequency spectrum of signal x (t).But can be obtained in actual control system
It is the dis-crete sample values x (nT) of continuous signal x (t).Therefore need to calculate the frequency of signal x (t) using discrete signal x (nT)
Spectrum.
There are limit for length discrete signal x (n), n=0,1 ..., the DFT of N-1 is defined as：
The frequency spectrum that rotating electric machine process can be obtained from above formula, due to rotating electric machine vibrational energy under normal circumstances
It is distributed in fixed frequency point (1 times of fundamental frequency, 2X, 3X ...), can determine whether motor rotary state from vibrational energy distribution situation.And if energy
It is distributed in except frequency multiplication, also can determine whether certain special status.
Three axis vibration sensor design parameters of the invention are as follows：-Sensitivity Change vs.Temperature
(relationship of change of sensitivity and temperature):± 0.026%/DEG C；- Nonlinearity (non-linear shift rate):± 0.5%；-
Cross-Axis Sensitivity (cross axle sensitivity):± 2%；- Full-Scale Range (measurement range):±
16g；- Frequency Response (frequency response):DC-1130Hz；- Specified Temperature Range (work
Environment temperature):-40 to+85℃.
Three axis vibration sensors of the invention be placed on the position on motor as shown in figure 4, in Fig. 41 for driving side it is vertical
Point, 2 be driving side level point, and 3 be non-drive side vertical point, and 4 be non-drive side level point, and the present invention can be according to measurement emphasis
Three axis vibration sensors are placed on different points by difference.
Step 2：Step 1 is collected into data and passes through 485 buses, real-time transmission to industrial gateway of internet of things.Gateway of internet of things is same
When acquire motor working site temperature, humidity, electric current, voltage, with data such as electrographic recording, revolving speed, torques.
As shown in figure 5, control system 11 is arranged on motor, the data of control system acquisition are transmitted to industry by bluetooth 12
Gateway of internet of things 13, industrial gateway of internet of things 13 includes unlimited receiver 132 and distal end transmitting device 131, by world-wide web 2 by work
Then 13 data transmission of industry gateway of internet of things transfers data to mobile phone 15 by server 14 to server 14.Dress of the invention
Mobile phone can also be transferred data to by other means by setting.
Step 3：
Industrial gateway of internet of things is connected with mobile phone by mobile Internet, and cell phone application supports push immediately, and gateway of internet of things is step
The data of rapid 2 acquisition are by ICP/IP protocol, mainly include warning message and motor operation information in real-time transmission to mobile phone.
Step 4：
Cell phone application is monitored motor running condition, judges to vibrate whether RMS value complies with standard value, with historical data
It is compared, judges running track.RMS, speed may be selected in the three shaft vibration information monitorings of " real-time motion information ", each axial direction
The real-time monitorings such as FFT, acceleration FFT and kurtosis allow maintenance personnel to confirm and install vibration that is errorless and immediately appreciating that Devices to test
Essential information.
1, whether oscillator intensity RMS (Root-Mean Square) root mean square expresses oscillation intensity in time point (time domain)
It is exceeded.
2, amplitude is converted to vibrational energy with fourier formula and existed by FFT (Fast-Fourier Transformation)
The distribution situation of certain Frequency point (frequency domain).
3, kurtosis (Kurtosis, K)
Kurtosis be detecting pulse signal, when the rolling assembly of bearing presses through breakage, then kurtosis is larger, it is on the contrary then compared with
It is small.When bearing is normal, vibration signal is steady, kurtosis pointer value K<3.If bearing is had damage, vibration signal medium-high frequency Energy distribution
Probability increases, kurtosis index value K>4.
Cell phone application can carry out remote diagnosis to motor, by fast Fourier algorithm, obtain spectrogram, analyze motor
Main frequency range ingredient.Detailed analysis diagnosis can be carried out, for " checking that bearing is abnormal ", " checking uneven ", " it is not right to check
The electromechanical major failure problem diagnosis of five rotations such as the heart ", " checking basic exception or weak foot ", " checking loose-parts "
Spectrogram of the invention is as shown in Figure 6 to 8, according to vibration analysis, can obtain 14 classes totally 25 anomaly analysis models
Algorithm, 14 class models include bearing temperature rise, winding temperature rise, winding temperature rises sharply, rotor is healthy, air gap diagnosis, voltage alarm, electricity
Pressure rise sharply/rapid drawdown, electric current alarm, electric current rises sharply, vibrating alert, vibration rises sharply, FFT is alerted, power alerts, Trend judgement.?
In Fig. 6, X-axis data line starting point is 0.40, and Y-axis data line starting point is 0.34, and Z axis data line starting point is 0.42, from the number of Fig. 6
According to can clearly reflect the changing rule vibrated between 3 axis.
Diagnostic method of the invention is as shown in the table：
Claims (4)
1. a kind of motor monitoring, diagnosing method based on three shaft vibrations, which is characterized in that include the following steps：Step 1：In motor
Shell driving side or non-drive side install three axis vibration sensors, acquire high-precision three shaft vibrations data, and to the number of acquisition
According to carry out FFT calculating,
FFT calculate process be：
What is calculated in formula is the continuous frequency spectrum of signal x (t)；The frequency spectrum of signal x (t) is calculated using discrete signal x (nT)；
There are limit for length discrete signal x (n), n=0,1 ..., the DFT of N-1 is defined as：
Step 2：Step 1 is acquired and calculated data pass through 485 buses, real-time transmission to industrial gateway of internet of things；Internet of Things
The temperature, humidity, electric current, voltage for closing while acquiring motor working site, with electrographic recording, revolving speed, torque；
Step 3：Industrial gateway of internet of things is connected with mobile phone by mobile Internet, and cell phone application supports push immediately, gateway of internet of things handle
The data that step 2 acquires are by ICP/IP protocol, in real-time transmission to mobile phone；
Step 4：Cell phone application is monitored motor running condition, judges to vibrate whether RMS value complies with standard value, with history number
According to being compared, running track is judged.
2. a kind of motor monitoring, diagnosing method based on three shaft vibrations according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step 2
It is middle by the detailed process of 485 bus transfers to be by acquisition and calculated data：Control system, control system are set on motor
The data of acquisition are transmitted to industrial gateway of internet of things by bluetooth, and industrial gateway of internet of things includes unlimited receiver and distal end transmission dress
It sets, then industrial gateway of internet of things data transmission is transferred data to by server to server by mobile phone by world-wide web.
3. a kind of motor monitoring, diagnosing method based on three shaft vibrations according to claim 1, which is characterized in that outside motor
The vertical point or level point of shell driving side install three axis vibration sensors.
4. a kind of motor monitoring, diagnosing method based on three shaft vibrations according to claim 1, which is characterized in that outside motor
The vertical point or level point of shell non-drive side install three axis vibration sensors.
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| CN201810648380.8A CN108871438A (en) | 2018-06-22 | 2018-06-22 | A kind of motor monitoring, diagnosing method based on three shaft vibrations |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109612727A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-04-12 | 中车株洲电机有限公司 | High-power electric locomotive traction motor bearing on-line vibration detection device |
| CN109946603A (en) * | 2019-03-18 | 2019-06-28 | 四川托日工程技术有限公司 | A kind of pump on-line monitoring and fault diagnosis system |
| CN110411558A (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2019-11-05 | 中国航发沈阳发动机研究所 | A kind of aero-engine vibration-testing value limits method and vibration fault judgment method |
| CN111381164A (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2020-07-07 | 北京瑞森新谱科技股份有限公司 | Motor detection method and detection system |
| RU199566U1 (en) * | 2020-03-12 | 2020-09-08 | Российская Федерация, От Имени Которой Выступает Министерство Промышленности И Торговли Российской Федерации | DEVICE FOR VIBRATION DIAGNOSTICS OF UNITS WITH ROTARY MECHANISM |
| CN114199366A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2022-03-18 | 青岛正维科技信息有限公司 | Vibration state monitoring system |
| CN114858206A (en) * | 2022-03-01 | 2022-08-05 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司北京民用飞机技术研究中心 | Aviation motor detection method and device, computer equipment and storage medium |
| CN115499458A (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2022-12-20 | 国家电投集团云南国际电力投资有限公司 | Vibration monitoring method, device, equipment and storage medium based on Internet of things |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109612727A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-04-12 | 中车株洲电机有限公司 | High-power electric locomotive traction motor bearing on-line vibration detection device |
| CN109946603A (en) * | 2019-03-18 | 2019-06-28 | 四川托日工程技术有限公司 | A kind of pump on-line monitoring and fault diagnosis system |
| CN110411558A (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2019-11-05 | 中国航发沈阳发动机研究所 | A kind of aero-engine vibration-testing value limits method and vibration fault judgment method |
| CN110411558B (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2022-06-07 | 中国航发沈阳发动机研究所 | Method for limiting vibration test value of aircraft engine and method for judging vibration fault |
| RU199566U1 (en) * | 2020-03-12 | 2020-09-08 | Российская Федерация, От Имени Которой Выступает Министерство Промышленности И Торговли Российской Федерации | DEVICE FOR VIBRATION DIAGNOSTICS OF UNITS WITH ROTARY MECHANISM |
| CN111381164A (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2020-07-07 | 北京瑞森新谱科技股份有限公司 | Motor detection method and detection system |
| CN114199366A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2022-03-18 | 青岛正维科技信息有限公司 | Vibration state monitoring system |
| CN114858206A (en) * | 2022-03-01 | 2022-08-05 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司北京民用飞机技术研究中心 | Aviation motor detection method and device, computer equipment and storage medium |
| CN115499458A (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2022-12-20 | 国家电投集团云南国际电力投资有限公司 | Vibration monitoring method, device, equipment and storage medium based on Internet of things |
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