CN108867078A - 一种隔热的剪切增稠液复合三维织物的制备方法与应用 - Google Patents

一种隔热的剪切增稠液复合三维织物的制备方法与应用 Download PDF

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CN108867078A
CN108867078A CN201810341270.7A CN201810341270A CN108867078A CN 108867078 A CN108867078 A CN 108867078A CN 201810341270 A CN201810341270 A CN 201810341270A CN 108867078 A CN108867078 A CN 108867078A
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yarn
shear thickening
fabric
thickening liquid
heat
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蒋干兵
钱坤
张其海
俞科静
邹德兵
韩立新
王爽芳
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LIANYUNGANG SHENTE NEW MATERIALS Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开一种隔热的剪切增稠液复合三维织物的制备方法，包括以下步骤：(1)在25～55℃的温度下，将带正电荷的微纳米球形二氧化硅粒子加入到带负电聚醚多元醇和硅油的混合物中，并加入适量的聚四氟乙烯粉末，搅拌、分散30～80分钟后，得到均匀的分散液；(2)将步骤(1)所得分散液放置在真空烘箱，25～55℃温度下静置，得到隔热效果的剪切增稠液体；(3)以超高分子量聚乙烯纤维为芯纱，PBO纤维为皮纱，制作包缠纱；(4)以树脂为基体，制作将步骤(3)中包缠纱制备成三维机织物；(5)将步骤(4)中的三维机织物与步骤(2)中的剪切增稠液进行复合处理后得到最终产品。

Description

一种隔热的剪切增稠液复合三维织物的制备方法与应用
技术领域
本发明涉及纺织领域，具体是一种隔热的剪切增稠液复合三维织物的制备方法与应用。
背景技术
三维机织物中特殊的纱线交织结构使得三维机织复合材料具有比强度、比模量高，抗冲击性好，可设计性强等优点。特别是，三维机织物用作复合材料增强结构时，根据结构件外形几何特征的不同，主要有2种纤维增强体的成型方法:一种是采用立体仿形织造技术的直接异形整体成型。将剪切增稠液与三维机织物的进行有机的复合成为纺织技术领域，成为该技术领域突破的研究未来。
剪切增稠液体(STF)中的纳米球形颗粒是自然界中最坚硬的非金属材料之一，具有较强柔韧性，而在受到冲击时呈现坚固性。在一定程度上，剪切增稠液体调和了装备的防护性能和舒适性之间的矛盾，使得两者间和谐共存，是能将人体自由活动与碰撞打击保护结合在一起的首选材料。
然而现有制作工艺中，剪切增稠液体与三维机织物之间的复合性能较差，导致剪切增稠液体与三维机织物结合后，整体性能如抗压能力、耐腐蚀能力以及耐磨性能没有得到明显提高，所直接引起的弊端无法耐受外界高强度冲击力，应用领域较窄。因此，剪切增稠液体与三维机织物之间的复合性成为技术瓶颈。
但解决上述技术问题该方面所做的研究较少，报道的文献综述也较少。中国专利号为：CN201310311702.7，公开“一种剪切增稠液材料的方法”，该技术方案得到剪切增稠液适用织物，用于提高织物的强度和韧度，但该技术方案得到的切增稠液热力学性能较差，且所制备得到的织物性理化能较一般，无法承受高速条件下的冲击作用力，因此提高织物在高速条件下的抗冲击力，仅单一的从增稠液和纺织物进行技术革新，是无法从本质上提高织物的理化性能，针对该技术问题的瓶颈，至今未有一种实施有效的方式解决。
(一)解决的技术问题
针对现有技术存在的上述问题，本发明提供了一种隔热的剪切增稠液复合三维织物的制备方法与应用。本发明方法工艺简便，生产成本低廉。而且，提高了织物的抗压能力。
(二)技术方案
为实现以上目的，本发明通过以下技术方案予以实现:
一种隔热的剪切增稠液复合三维织物的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)在25～55℃的温度下，将带正电荷的微纳米球形二氧化硅粒子加入到带负电聚醚多元醇和硅油的混合物中，并加入适量的聚四氟乙烯粉末，搅拌、分散30～80分钟后，得到均匀的分散液；
(2)将步骤(1)所得分散液放置在真空烘箱，25～55℃温度下静置，得到隔热效果的剪切增稠液体；
(3)以超高分子量聚乙烯纤维为芯纱，PBO纤维为皮纱，制作包缠纱；
(4)以树脂为基体，将步骤(3)中包缠纱制备成三维机织物；
(5)将步骤(4)中的三维机织物与步骤(2)中的剪切增稠液进行复合处理后得到最终产品。
优选地，所述步骤(3)中制备包缠纱的芯纱的原料为超高分子量聚乙烯，所述皮纱为PBO纤维。
优选地，所述PBO纤维的强力和模量为凯夫拉纤维的2-3倍。
优选地，所述步骤(3)中的包缠纱的包缠方法为：以超高分子量聚乙烯纤维为芯纱、皮纱为原料，采用型号为HKV 141D-I型包覆丝机，将芯纱和皮纱进行双面对称包缠成包覆度为900T/m的包缠纱。
优选地，所述三维机织物以经纱、纬纱、编织成层间角联锁结构，所述经纱为弯曲状态，纬纱为伸直状态，所述经纱沿厚度方向和经轴方向穿插，将相邻两层纬纱进行锁结捆绑，形成交织一体结构，所述经纱和纬纱交织为类平纹结构。
优选地，所述步骤(5)中的复合处理包括以下步骤：
S1、将型号为E-51环氧树脂200-400份与型号为9055的环氧树脂100-200份，在恒速搅拌器的作用下均匀混合，得到树脂胶液；
S2、在模具上涂覆脱模剂，步骤S1中树脂胶液总量三份之一的树脂胶液倾倒在模具上，并将织物平铺于附着胶液的区域；
S3、将步骤S1中剩余的树脂胶液均匀缓慢地倾倒于织物上表面，并用刷子涂刷均匀；
S4、将涂覆好的织物与模具一起放入电热鼓风干燥箱中，干燥温度为80-90℃，干燥时间为8-9h。
一种隔热的剪切增稠液复合三维织物的用途，所述剪切增稠液可用于柔性轻质防护材料的制备。
优选地，所述剪切增稠液体可通过浸渍和塑封技术对纤维织物进行复合。
有益效果
本发明采用纱线为包缠纱，芯纱为超高分子量聚乙烯纤维，皮纱为PBO纤维，二者均具有高强度和高模量。而且使用三维织物与剪切增稠液复合，三维织物采用层间角联锁结构，具有较高的层间分层阻抗、断裂韧性和抗冲击损伤容限，更适合应用于高速加载下抗冲击结构件设计。
微纳米球形二氧化硅具有较强大的比表面积和表面活性能和耐磨损性能和强度。聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)粉分子结构中的F原子具有较强的电负性，使得PTFE呈螺旋构象，外围的氟原子紧密排列，形成一个封闭的“氟代”保护层，聚四氟乙烯的分子结构决定了它具有独特的性质，比如较低的摩擦因数、优异的耐候性、耐腐蚀性和热稳定性好的特点。组份材料中的二氧化硅因具有较大的比表面积和表面活性能，使得，二氧化硅能够填充到螺旋构象内部，进一步的使二氧化硅能够均匀分散到聚四氟乙烯分子周围。同时，二氧化硅分子结构中的硅原子与聚四氟乙烯分子中的氟原子之间能够形成F-Si键，F-Si键的形成进一步增加了组份材料的耐冲击和耐高温特性。
基于三维织物的空间特有形态，三维织物之间形成复合理化层，复合层之间相互作用，主要表现在力学上相互配合，当受到外界冲击破坏力时，各织物层之间相互配合，将外界给予的作用力，多层次缓冲、抵消。将三维织物复合本发明的剪切增稠液，从本质上提高组份材料的理化特性。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1:
一种隔热的剪切增稠液复合三维织物的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)在25℃的温度下，将带正电荷的微纳米球形二氧化硅粒子加入到带负电聚醚多元醇和硅油的混合物中，并加入适量的聚四氟乙烯粉末，搅拌、分散30分钟后，得到均匀的分散液；
(2)将步骤(1)所得分散液放置在真空烘箱，55℃温度下静置，得到隔热效果的剪切增稠液体；
(3)以超高分子量聚乙烯纤维为芯纱，PBO纤维为皮纱，制作包缠纱；
(4)以树脂为基体，将步骤(3)中包缠纱制备成三维机织物；
(5)将步骤(4)中的三维机织物与步骤(2)中的剪切增稠液进行复合处理后得到最终产品。
其中，所述步骤(3)中制备包缠纱的芯纱的原料为超高分子量聚乙烯，所述皮纱为PBO纤维。
其中，所述PBO纤维的强力和模量为凯夫拉纤维的2倍。
其中，所述步骤(3)中的包缠纱的包缠方法为：以超高分子量聚乙烯纤维为芯纱、皮纱为原料，采用型号为HKV 141D-I型包覆丝机，将芯纱和皮纱进行双面对称包缠成包覆度为900T/m的包缠纱。
其中，所述三维机织物以经纱、纬纱、编织成层间角联锁结构，所述经纱为弯曲状态，纬纱为伸直状态，所述经纱沿厚度方向和经轴方向穿插，将相邻两层纬纱进行锁结捆绑，形成交织一体结构，所述经纱和纬纱交织为类平纹结构。
其中，所述步骤(5)中的复合处理包括以下步骤：
S1、将型号为E-51环氧树脂400份与型号为9055的环氧树脂200份，在恒速搅拌器的作用下均匀混合，得到树脂胶液；
S2、在模具上涂覆脱模剂，步骤S1中树脂胶液总量三份之一的树脂胶液倾倒在模具上，并将织物平铺于附着胶液的区域；
S3、将步骤S1中剩余的树脂胶液均匀缓慢地倾倒于织物上表面，并用刷子涂刷均匀；
S4、将涂覆好的织物与模具一起放入电热鼓风干燥箱中，干燥温度为90℃，干燥时间为8h。
一种隔热的剪切增稠液复合三维织物的用途，所述剪切增稠液可用于柔性轻质防护材料的制备。
其中，所述所述剪切增稠液体可通过浸渍和塑封技术对纤维织物进行复合。
实施例2:
一种隔热的剪切增稠液复合三维织物的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)在55℃的温度下，将带正电荷的微纳米球形二氧化硅粒子加入到带负电聚醚多元醇和硅油的混合物中，并加入适量的聚四氟乙烯粉末，搅拌、分散80分钟后，得到均匀的分散液；
(2)将步骤(1)所得分散液放置在真空烘箱，55℃温度下静置，得到隔热效果的剪切增稠液体；
(3)以超高分子量聚乙烯纤维为芯纱，PBO纤维为皮纱，制作包缠纱；
(4)以树脂为基体，将步骤(3)中包缠纱制备成三维机织物；
(5)将步骤(4)中的三维机织物与步骤(2)中的剪切增稠液进行复合处理后得到最终产品。
其中，所述步骤(3)中制备包缠纱的芯纱的原料为超高分子量聚乙烯，所述皮纱为PBO纤维。
其中，所述PBO纤维的强力和模量为凯夫拉纤维的3倍。
其中，所述步骤(3)中的包缠纱的包缠方法为：以超高分子量聚乙烯纤维为芯纱、皮纱为原料，采用型号为HKV 141D-I型包覆丝机，将芯纱和皮纱进行双面对称包缠成包覆度为900T/m的包缠纱。
其中，所述三维机织物以经纱、纬纱、编织成层间角联锁结构，所述经纱为弯曲状态，纬纱为伸直状态，所述经纱沿厚度方向和经轴方向穿插，将相邻两层纬纱进行锁结捆绑，形成交织一体结构，所述经纱和纬纱交织为类平纹结构。
其中，所述步骤(5)中的复合处理包括以下步骤：
S1、将型号为E-51环氧树脂400份与型号为9055的环氧树脂200份，在恒速搅拌器的作用下均匀混合，得到树脂胶液；
S2、在模具上涂覆脱模剂，步骤S1中树脂胶液总量三份之一的树脂胶液倾倒在模具上，并将织物平铺于附着胶液的区域；
S3、将步骤S1中剩余的树脂胶液均匀缓慢地倾倒于织物上表面，并用刷子涂刷均匀；
S4、将涂覆好的织物与模具一起放入电热鼓风干燥箱中，干燥温度为80℃，干燥时间为9h。
一种隔热的剪切增稠液复合三维织物的用途，所述剪切增稠液可用于柔性轻质防护材料的制备。
其中，所述所述剪切增稠液体可通过浸渍和塑封技术对纤维织物进行复合。
实施例3:
一种隔热的剪切增稠液复合三维织物的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)在40℃的温度下，将带正电荷的微纳米球形二氧化硅粒子加入到带负电聚醚多元醇和硅油的混合物中，并加入适量的聚四氟乙烯粉末，搅拌、分散60分钟后，得到均匀的分散液；
(2)将步骤(1)所得分散液放置在真空烘箱，45℃温度下静置，得到隔热效果的剪切增稠液体；
(3)以超高分子量聚乙烯纤维为芯纱，PBO纤维为皮纱，制作包缠纱；
(4)以树脂为基体，将步骤(3)中包缠纱制备成三维机织物；
(5)将步骤(4)中的三维机织物与步骤(2)中的剪切增稠液进行复合处理后得到最终产品。
其中，所述步骤(3)中制备包缠纱的芯纱的原料为超高分子量聚乙烯，所述皮纱为PBO纤维。
其中，所述PBO纤维的强力和模量为凯夫拉纤维的2.5倍。
其中，所述步骤(3)中的包缠纱的包缠方法为：以超高分子量聚乙烯纤维为芯纱、皮纱为原料，采用型号为HKV 141D-I型包覆丝机，将芯纱和皮纱进行双面对称包缠成包覆度为900T/m的包缠纱。
其中，所述三维机织物以经纱、纬纱、编织成层间角联锁结构，所述经纱为弯曲状态，纬纱为伸直状态，所述经纱沿厚度方向和经轴方向穿插，将相邻两层纬纱进行锁结捆绑，形成交织一体结构，所述经纱和纬纱交织为类平纹结构。
其中，所述步骤(5)中的复合处理包括以下步骤：
S1、将型号为E-51环氧树脂220份与型号为9055的环氧树脂110份，在恒速搅拌器的作用下均匀混合，得到树脂胶液；
S2、在模具上涂覆脱模剂，步骤S1中树脂胶液总量三份之一的树脂胶液倾倒在模具上，并将织物平铺于附着胶液的区域；
S3、将步骤S1中剩余的树脂胶液均匀缓慢地倾倒于织物上表面，并用刷子涂刷均匀；
S4、将涂覆好的织物与模具一起放入电热鼓风干燥箱中，干燥温度为80℃，干燥时间为8.5h。
一种隔热的剪切增稠液复合三维织物的用途，所述剪切增稠液可用于柔性轻质防护材料的制备。
其中，所述所述剪切增稠液体可通过浸渍和塑封技术对纤维织物进行复合。
实施例4:
一种隔热的剪切增稠液复合三维织物的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)在50℃的温度下，将带正电荷的微纳米球形二氧化硅粒子加入到带负电聚醚多元醇和硅油的混合物中，并加入适量的聚四氟乙烯粉末，搅拌、分散60分钟后，得到均匀的分散液；
(2)将步骤(1)所得分散液放置在真空烘箱，50℃温度下静置，得到隔热效果的剪切增稠液体；
(3)以超高分子量聚乙烯纤维为芯纱，PBO纤维为皮纱，制作包缠纱；
(4)以树脂为基体，将步骤(3)中包缠纱制备成三维机织物；
(5)将步骤(4)中的三维机织物与步骤(2)中的剪切增稠液进行复合处理后得到最终产品。
其中，所述步骤(3)中制备包缠纱的芯纱的原料为超高分子量聚乙烯，所述皮纱为PBO纤维。
其中，所述PBO纤维的强力和模量为凯夫拉纤维的2.5倍。
其中，所述步骤(3)中的包缠纱的包缠方法为：以超高分子量聚乙烯纤维为芯纱、皮纱为原料，采用型号为HKV 141D-I型包覆丝机，将芯纱和皮纱进行双面对称包缠成包覆度为900T/m的包缠纱。
其中，所述三维机织物以经纱、纬纱、编织成层间角联锁结构，所述经纱为弯曲状态，纬纱为伸直状态，所述经纱沿厚度方向和经轴方向穿插，将相邻两层纬纱进行锁结捆绑，形成交织一体结构，所述经纱和纬纱交织为类平纹结构。
其中，所述步骤(5)中的复合处理包括以下步骤：
S1、将型号为E-51环氧树脂240份与型号为9055的环氧树脂120份，在恒速搅拌器的作用下均匀混合，得到树脂胶液；
S2、在模具上涂覆脱模剂，步骤S1中树脂胶液总量三份之一的树脂胶液倾倒在模具上，并将织物平铺于附着胶液的区域；
S3、将步骤S1中剩余的树脂胶液均匀缓慢地倾倒于织物上表面，并用刷子涂刷均匀；
S4、将涂覆好的织物与模具一起放入电热鼓风干燥箱中，干燥温度为80℃，干燥时间为9h。
一种隔热的剪切增稠液复合三维织物的用途，所述剪切增稠液可用于柔性轻质防护材料的制备。
其中，所述所述剪切增稠液体可通过浸渍和塑封技术对纤维织物进行复合。
性能测试：
将实施例1-4制备得到的三维织物进行如下性能测试：
1、弹丸弹射实验：具体操作方法是将实施例1-4制备得到的三维织物分别进行弹丸弹射，测试距离为8m，控制弹丸弹射的初速为450±10m/s，弹射的法线角度为0°，测试的环境温度为20±2℃，相对湿度为50～70％，实验弹丸的直径为15mm，测试结果如表1；
2、酸碱腐蚀试验：具体操作方法是将实施例1-4制备得到的三维织物分别放置到质量分数为10％稀盐酸或硝酸溶液以及质量分数为10％氨水或碳酸钠的碱溶液中浸泡一周后，计算三维织物的强度残余率，强度残余率计算方式为：浸泡后三维织物拉伸强度与浸泡前三维织物拉伸强度的比值结果如表2所示；
3、隔热性测试：实验方法为：将实施例1-4制备得到的三维织物分别覆盖在五个相同的箱体表面，用相同的光源(275W红外灯模拟太阳光中的红外光源)照箱体，测试箱体内的温度，测试结果如表3所示。
表1
表2
表3
通过表1-3所得实验结果可知：本发明得到的隔热的剪切增稠液复合三维织物不仅隔热效果好(表3所示)，耐酸、耐碱(表2所示)，且材质柔软，质量较高(表3所示)。
需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，包括语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制，尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (8)

1.一种隔热的剪切增稠液复合三维织物的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)在25～55℃的温度下，将带正电荷的微纳米球形二氧化硅粒子加入到带负电聚醚多元醇和硅油的混合物中，并加入适量的聚四氟乙烯粉末，搅拌、分散30～80分钟后，得到均匀的分散液；
(2)将步骤(1)所得分散液放置在真空烘箱，25～55℃温度下静置，得到隔热效果的剪切增稠液体；
(3)以超高分子量聚乙烯纤维为芯纱，PBO纤维为皮纱，制作包缠纱；
(4)以树脂为基体，将步骤(3)中包缠纱制备成三维机织物；
(5)将步骤(4)中的三维机织物与步骤(2)中的剪切增稠液进行复合处理后得到最终产品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的隔热的剪切增稠液复合三维织物的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(3)中制备包缠纱的芯纱的原料为超高分子量聚乙烯，所述皮纱为PBO纤维。
3.根据权利要求2所述的隔热的剪切增稠液复合三维织物的制备方法，其特征在于，所述PBO纤维的强力和模量为凯夫拉纤维的2-3倍。
4.根据权利要求1所述的隔热的剪切增稠液复合三维织物的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(3)中的包缠纱的包缠方法为：以超高分子量聚乙烯纤维为芯纱、皮纱为原料，采用型号为HKV 141D-I型包覆丝机，将芯纱和皮纱进行双面对称包缠成包覆度为900T/m的包缠纱。
5.根据权利要求1所述的隔热的剪切增稠液复合三维织物的制备方法，其特征在于，所述三维机织物以经纱、纬纱、编织成层间角联锁结构，所述经纱为弯曲状态，纬纱为伸直状态，所述经纱沿厚度方向和经轴方向穿插，将相邻两层纬纱进行锁结捆绑，形成交织一体结构，所述经纱和纬纱交织为类平纹结构。
6.根据权利要求1所述的隔热的剪切增稠液复合三维织物的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(5)中的复合处理包括以下步骤：
S1、将型号为E-51环氧树脂200-400份与型号为9055的环氧树脂100-200份，在恒速搅拌器的作用下均匀混合，得到树脂胶液；
S2、在模具上涂覆脱模剂，步骤S1中树脂胶液总量三份之一的树脂胶液倾倒在模具上，并将织物平铺于附着胶液的区域；
S3、将步骤S1中剩余的树脂胶液均匀缓慢地倾倒于织物上表面，并用刷子涂刷均匀；
S4、将涂覆好的织物与模具一起放入电热鼓风干燥箱中，干燥温度为80-90℃，干燥时间为8-9h。
7.一种权利要求1所述的隔热的剪切增稠液复合三维织物的用途，其特征在于，所述剪切增稠液可用于柔性轻质防护材料的制备。
8.根据权利要求6所述的隔热的剪切增稠液复合三维织物的用途，其特征在于，所述剪切增稠液体可通过浸渍和塑封技术对纤维织物进行复合。
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