CN108867061A - A kind of new modified cross-linked, water-soluble polyester pulp and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of new modified cross-linked, water-soluble polyester pulp and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108867061A CN108867061A CN201810801830.2A CN201810801830A CN108867061A CN 108867061 A CN108867061 A CN 108867061A CN 201810801830 A CN201810801830 A CN 201810801830A CN 108867061 A CN108867061 A CN 108867061A
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/507—Polyesters
- D06M15/5075—Polyesters containing sulfonic groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/68—Polyesters containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
- C08G63/688—Polyesters containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen containing sulfur
- C08G63/6884—Polyesters containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen containing sulfur derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
- D06M2101/30—Synthetic polymers consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M2101/32—Polyesters
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2200/00—Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
- D06M2200/35—Abrasion, pilling or fibrillation resistance
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
- Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of new modified cross-linked, water-soluble polyester pulps, including carboxylate, Third monomer, compound stabilizer and the composite crosslinking modifying agent that carboxylate mass ratio is 0.01~0.05 is accounted for, the composite crosslinking modifying agent includes the component of following percentage:80~85% trimethylolpropane and 15~20% 1.4 thiacyclohexane dioctyl phthalate.The present invention is modified water-soluble polyurethane by the way that 80~85% trimethylolpropane and 15~20% 1.4 thiacyclohexane dioctyl phthalate are added in the second esterification, keep the film formation compactness of the water-soluble polyurethane of preparation good, good to terylene starch finishing effect and do not feel like jelly under the high temperature conditions, to keep serous coat more wear resistant.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of new modified cross-linked, water-soluble polyester pulps and preparation method thereof, belong to water-soluble polyester slurry
Expect technical field.
Background technique
Water-soluble polyurethane is as a kind of novel environment friendly spinning sizing agent, compared with other slurries, has good miscible
Property, and be easily decomposed by the microorganisms, thus environmentally friendly.Especially there is good adherency and desizing performance to polyester fiber;To yarn
Line has good wetting and permeability.
Currently, the water-soluble polyurethane of commercial type production is substantially by terephthalic acid (TPA), ethylene glycol or (third
Glycol, diglycol), M-phthalic acid carry out ester exchange reaction, then by 5 sodium sulfonate of dimethyl isophthalate or isophthalic
Water-soluble polyurethane of the modified esterifying polycondensation such as 5 sodium sulfonate of dioctyl phthalate and polyethylene glycol into modification.Water-soluble polyester slurry
That there are film formings is slightly poor for material, extension at break is slightly lower, and serous coat feels like jelly not wear-resisting under the high temperature conditions, reduces weaving industry
(closely fine counts yarn especially high in fat) production efficiency.
Summary of the invention
That the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of film formation compactnesses is good, starch finishing effect is good, do not feel like jelly under the high temperature conditions and
The wear-resisting new modified cross-linked, water-soluble polyester pulp and preparation method thereof of serous coat.
New modified cross-linked, water-soluble polyester pulp provided by the invention, including carboxylate, aqueous solvent, compound stabilizer and
The composite crosslinking modifying agent that carboxylate mass ratio is 0.01~0.05 is accounted for, the composite crosslinking modifying agent includes following percentage
Component:80~85% trimethylolpropane and 15~20% 1.4 thiacyclohexane dioctyl phthalate.
Further, the composite crosslinking modifying agent accounts for the 0.01~0.015 of carboxylate mass ratio.
Further, the carboxylate includes the component of following mass parts:100 parts of p-phthalic acid, 70~90 parts
Ethylene glycol, 10~30 parts of diglycol, 10~40 parts of M-phthalic acid and 15~20 parts of Third monomer;It is described
Third monomer includes 5 sodium sulfonate of 5 sodium sulfonate of dimethyl isophthalate or M-phthalic acid.
Further, the aqueous solvent includes Macrogol 600, additive amount be carboxylate mass ratio 0.03~
0.05。
Further, the compound stabilizer includes the triphenyl phosphate and phosphorus for accounting for carboxylate esterification amount 0.1%~0.4%
Sour front three ester admixture and the sodium acetate that carboxylate mass ratio is 0.8~1.7 is accounted for, the additive amount of the compound stabilizer is
The 0.1%~0.4% of esterification amount in carboxylate.
The preparation method of new modified cross-linked, water-soluble polyester pulp provided by the invention, be added in carboxylate first into
It is stirred after the compound stabilizer of esterification amount 0.1%-0.4% in row addition catalyst and carboxylate, then carries out first
Secondary esterification;The aqueous solvent of carboxylate mass ratio 0.03~0.05 and 0.01~0.05 composite crosslinking modifying agent are added again,
Carry out second of esterification;Carry out polycondensation reaction finally to get new modified cross-linked, water-soluble polyester pulp is arrived, wherein institute
State the component that composite crosslinking modifying agent includes following percentage:80~85% trimethylolpropane and 15~20% 1.4 rings
Hexane dioctyl phthalate.
Further, the catalyst includes antimony oxide or germanium dioxide, and additive amount is esterification amount in carboxylate
0.1%~0.5%.
Further, the temperature of the first time esterification is 239~242 DEG C, and the time is 2.0~2.5 hours.
Further, the temperature of second of esterification is 245~252 DEG C, and the time is 2.0~2.5 hours.
Further, the temperature of the polycondensation reaction is 252~260 DEG C, and the time is 3.0~3.5 hours.
The present invention in the second esterification by being added:80~85% trimethylolpropane and 15~20% 1.4
Thiacyclohexane dioctyl phthalate is modified water-soluble polyurethane, make its film formation compactness it is good, to terylene starch finishing effect good, Yi Ji
Do not feel like jelly under hot conditions, to keep serous coat more wear resistant.It is that white is solid according to water-soluble polyurethane appearance prepared by the present invention
Body, resin content >=99% are completely dissolved in 95 DEG C of hot water, and viscosity is 2.6 ± 0.2Mp.s, average molecular weight 12000-
14000Mr, hygroscopicity (RH=75%) is 6.4-6.8%, and in the case where temperature be 95 DEG C of times is 180min, thermoviscosity is steady
It is qualitative>95%.Its application performance-polyester-cotton blend adhesion strength >=95;Application performance-is pure to wash adhesion >=110;Application performance-fracture is strong
Degree >=32;Application performance-elongation at break >=4.8;Application performance-abrasion >=1.4.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the infrared spectrogram of water-soluble polyurethane of the invention.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
The preparation method of new modified cross-linked, water-soluble polyester pulp provided in this embodiment includes the following steps:
(1) raw material preparation:The raw material includes carboxylate, the compound stabilizer of carboxylate esterification amount 0.1%, carboxylate ester
The antimony oxide of change amount 0.1%, the Macrogol 600 of carboxylate mass ratio 0.03 and 0.01 composite crosslinking modifying agent;
Wherein, the carboxylate includes the component that the carboxylate includes following mass parts:100 parts of smart terephthaldehyde
Acid, 70 parts of ethylene glycol, 10 parts of diglycol, 10 parts of M-phthalic acid and 15 parts of 5 sodium sulfonate of M-phthalic acid;
The compound stabilizer include account for carboxylate esterification amount 0.1% triphenyl phosphate and tripotassium phosphate ester admixture,
And the sodium acetate that carboxylate mass ratio is 0.8 is accounted for, the triphenyl phosphate and tripotassium phosphate ester admixture can be with phosphoric acid triphens
Any specific gravity of ester and trimethyl phosphate, can be single one kind;
The composite crosslinking modifying agent includes 80% trimethylolpropane and 20% 1.4 thiacyclohexane dioctyl phthalate;
(2) first esterifications:First, in accordance with the component of step (1) described carboxylate and the corresponding chemical of quality taken
Object and catalyst and compound stabilizer, and be added into be sufficiently mixed in mashing kettle at room temperature and stir evenly, it stirs
Time is 1.0 hours, slowly at the uniform velocity puts into the first reaction kettle of the esterification after mixing evenly and carries out esterification, the first esterification
Temperature is 239 DEG C, and the time is 2.5 hours;The water outlet of reflux unit condensation column object is observed after first esterification, keeps the first esterification anti-
Water should be generated all to be discharged;
(3) second esterifications:The second reaction kettle of the esterification of carboxylate meat that water is discharged is subjected to the second esterification, at this time
Macrogol 600 and multiple crosslinking agent is added, the temperature of the second esterification is 245 DEG C, and the time is 2.5 hours;
(4) polycondensation reaction:Product after second esterification is poured into and carries out polycondensation reaction in batch condensation polymerization reactor, polycondensation is anti-
The temperature answered is 252 DEG C, and the time is 3.5 hours;After viscosity after detection polycondensation reaction reaches steady state value, pressurizeed by nitrogen
Blowing is to get new modified cross-linked, water-soluble polyester pulp.
Embodiment 2
The preparation method of new modified cross-linked, water-soluble polyester pulp provided in this embodiment includes the following steps:
(1) raw material preparation:The raw material includes carboxylate, the compound stabilizer of carboxylate esterification amount 0.2%, carboxylate ester
The germanium dioxide of change amount 0.3%, the Macrogol 600 of carboxylate mass ratio 0.04 and 0.015 composite crosslinking modifying agent;
Wherein, the carboxylate includes the component that the carboxylate includes following mass parts:100 parts of smart terephthaldehyde
Acid, 80 parts of ethylene glycol, 20 parts of diglycol, 30 parts of M-phthalic acid and 18 parts of dimethyl isophthalate 5
Sodium sulfonate;
The compound stabilizer include account for carboxylate esterification amount 0.2% triphenyl phosphate and tripotassium phosphate ester admixture,
And account for the sodium acetate that carboxylate mass ratio is 1.2;
The composite crosslinking modifying agent includes 85% trimethylolpropane and 15% 1.4 thiacyclohexane dioctyl phthalate;
(2) first esterifications:First, in accordance with the component of step (1) described carboxylate and the corresponding chemical of quality taken
Object and catalyst and compound stabilizer, and be added into be sufficiently mixed in mashing kettle at room temperature and stir evenly, it stirs
Time is 1.5 hours, slowly at the uniform velocity puts into the first reaction kettle of the esterification after mixing evenly and carries out esterification, the first esterification
Temperature is 240 DEG C, and the time is 2.0 hours;The water outlet of reflux unit condensation column object is observed after first esterification, keeps the first esterification anti-
Water should be generated all to be discharged;
(3) second esterifications:The second reaction kettle of the esterification of carboxylate meat that water is discharged is subjected to the second esterification, at this time
Macrogol 600 and multiple crosslinking agent is added, the temperature of the second esterification is 248 DEG C, and the time is 2.0 hours;
(4) polycondensation reaction:Product after second esterification is poured into and carries out polycondensation reaction in batch condensation polymerization reactor, polycondensation is anti-
The temperature answered is 255 DEG C, and the time is 3.0 hours;After viscosity after detection polycondensation reaction reaches steady state value, pressurizeed by nitrogen
Blowing is to get new modified cross-linked, water-soluble polyester pulp.
Embodiment 3
The preparation method of new modified cross-linked, water-soluble polyester pulp provided in this embodiment includes the following steps:
(1) raw material preparation:The raw material includes carboxylate, the compound stabilizer of carboxylate esterification amount 0.3%, carboxylate ester
The antimony oxide of change amount 0.3%, the Macrogol 600 of carboxylate mass ratio 0.05 and 0.02 composite crosslinking modifying agent;
Wherein, the carboxylate includes the component that the carboxylate includes following mass parts:100 parts of smart terephthaldehyde
Acid, 90 parts of ethylene glycol, 30 parts of diglycol, 40 parts of M-phthalic acid and 20 parts of 5 sodium sulfonate of M-phthalic acid;
The compound stabilizer include account for carboxylate esterification amount 0.3% triphenyl phosphate and tripotassium phosphate ester admixture,
And account for the sodium acetate that carboxylate mass ratio is 1.5;
The composite crosslinking modifying agent includes 83% trimethylolpropane and 17% 1.4 thiacyclohexane dioctyl phthalate;
(2) first esterifications:First, in accordance with the component of step (1) described carboxylate and the corresponding chemical of quality taken
Object and catalyst and compound stabilizer, and be added into be sufficiently mixed in mashing kettle at room temperature and stir evenly, it stirs
Time is 1.5 hours, slowly at the uniform velocity puts into the first reaction kettle of the esterification after mixing evenly and carries out esterification, the first esterification
Temperature is 242 DEG C, and the time is 2.5 hours;The water outlet of reflux unit condensation column object is observed after first esterification, keeps the first esterification anti-
Water should be generated all to be discharged;
(3) second esterifications:The second reaction kettle of the esterification of carboxylate meat that water is discharged is subjected to the second esterification, at this time
Macrogol 600 and multiple crosslinking agent is added, the temperature of the second esterification is 252 DEG C, and the time is 2.0 hours;
(4) polycondensation reaction:Product after second esterification is poured into and carries out polycondensation reaction in batch condensation polymerization reactor, polycondensation is anti-
The temperature answered is 260 DEG C, and the time is 3.0 hours;After viscosity after detection polycondensation reaction reaches steady state value, pressurizeed by nitrogen
Blowing is to get new modified cross-linked, water-soluble polyester pulp.
Embodiment 4
The preparation method of new modified cross-linked, water-soluble polyester pulp provided in this embodiment includes the following steps:
(1) raw material preparation:The raw material includes carboxylate, the compound stabilizer of carboxylate esterification amount 0.4%, carboxylate ester
The catalyst of change amount 0.5%, the Macrogol 600 of carboxylate mass ratio 0.05 and 0.05 composite crosslinking modifying agent;
Wherein, the carboxylate includes the component that the carboxylate includes following mass parts:100 parts of smart terephthaldehyde
Acid, 90 parts of ethylene glycol, 30 parts of diglycol, 40 parts of M-phthalic acid and 20 parts of dimethyl isophthalate 5
Sodium sulfonate;
The compound stabilizer include account for carboxylate esterification amount 0.4% triphenyl phosphate and tripotassium phosphate ester admixture,
And account for the sodium acetate that carboxylate mass ratio is 1.7;
The composite crosslinking modifying agent includes 80% trimethylolpropane and 20% 1.4 thiacyclohexane dioctyl phthalate;
(2) first esterifications:First, in accordance with the component of step (1) described carboxylate and the corresponding chemical of quality taken
Object and catalyst and compound stabilizer, and be added into be sufficiently mixed in mashing kettle at room temperature and stir evenly, it stirs
Time is 1.5 hours, slowly at the uniform velocity puts into the first reaction kettle of the esterification after mixing evenly and carries out esterification, the first esterification
Temperature is 242 DEG C, and the time is 2.5 hours;The water outlet of reflux unit condensation column object is observed after first esterification, keeps the first esterification anti-
Water should be generated all to be discharged;
(3) second esterifications:The second reaction kettle of the esterification of carboxylate meat that water is discharged is subjected to the second esterification, at this time
Macrogol 600 and multiple crosslinking agent is added, the temperature of the second esterification is 252 DEG C, and the time is 2.5 hours;
(4) polycondensation reaction:Product after second esterification is poured into and carries out polycondensation reaction in batch condensation polymerization reactor, polycondensation is anti-
The temperature answered is 260 DEG C, and the time is 3.5 hours;After viscosity after detection polycondensation reaction reaches steady state value, pressurizeed by nitrogen
Blowing is to get new modified cross-linked, water-soluble polyester pulp.
According to Examples 1 to 4 method prepare new modified cross-linked, water-soluble polyester pulp, resin content >=99%,
95 DEG C of hot water are completely dissolved in, viscosity is 2.6 ± 0.2Mp.s, average molecular weight 12000-14000Mr, hygroscopicity (RH=
It 75%) is 6.4~6.8%, the thermoviscosity stability in the case where temperature be 95 DEG C of times is 180min>95%.
The structural characterization measurement of product, tool are carried out to the new modified cross-linked, water-soluble polyester pulp of Examples 1 to 4 preparation
Body characterizes it using infrared spectrum analysis and is measured.
Detection method:After water-soluble polyurethane drying to constant weight, using KBr pressed disc method sample preparation, Nicolet public affairs are used
6700 type infrared spectrometers of department's manufacture carry out infrared spectrum measurement.
Testing result:Good film-forming property, extension at break height such as the provable water-soluble polyurethane of Fig. 1, and in high temperature item
Serous coat does not feel like jelly wear-resisting under part.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of new modified cross-linked, water-soluble polyester pulp, including carboxylate, aqueous solvent and compound stabilizer, feature exist
In:It further include the composite crosslinking modifying agent for accounting for carboxylate mass ratio and being 0.01~0.05, the composite crosslinking modifying agent includes such as
The component of lower percentage:80~85% trimethylolpropane and 15~20% 1.4 thiacyclohexane dioctyl phthalate.
2. new modified cross-linked, water-soluble polyester pulp according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The composite crosslinking changes
Property agent accounts for the 0.01~0.015 of carboxylate mass ratio.
3. new modified cross-linked, water-soluble polyester pulp according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The carboxylate includes
The component of following mass parts:100 parts of p-phthalic acid, 70~90 parts of ethylene glycol, 10~30 parts of diglycol,
10~40 parts of M-phthalic acid and 15~20 parts of Third monomer;The Third monomer includes 5 sulphur of dimethyl isophthalate
5 sodium sulfonate of sour sodium or M-phthalic acid.
4. new modified cross-linked, water-soluble polyester pulp according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The aqueous solvent includes
Macrogol 600, additive amount are the 0.03~0.05 of carboxylate mass ratio.
5. new modified cross-linked, water-soluble polyester pulp according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The compound stabilizer
Including accounting for the triphenyl phosphate of carboxylate esterification amount 0.1%~0.4% and tripotassium phosphate ester admixture and accounting for esterification amount of substance
Than the sodium acetate for 0.8~1.7, the additive amount of the compound stabilizer is 0.1%~0.4% of esterification amount in carboxylate.
6. a kind of preparation method of new modified cross-linked, water-soluble polyester pulp, it is characterised in that:It is added in carboxylate first
It is added in catalyst and carboxylate and is stirred after the compound stabilizer of esterification amount 0.1%-0.4%, then carry out
Esterification;The aqueous solvent of carboxylate mass ratio 0.03~0.05 is added again and 0.01~0.05 composite crosslinking is modified
Agent carries out second of esterification;Carry out polycondensation reaction finally to get new modified cross-linked, water-soluble polyester pulp is arrived, wherein
The composite crosslinking modifying agent includes the component of following percentage:80~85% trimethylolpropane and 15~20% 1.4
Thiacyclohexane dioctyl phthalate.
7. the preparation method of new modified cross-linked, water-soluble polyester pulp according to claim 5, it is characterised in that:It is described
Catalyst includes antimony oxide or germanium dioxide, and additive amount is 0.1%~0.5% of esterification amount in carboxylate.
8. the preparation method of new modified cross-linked, water-soluble polyester pulp according to claim 5, it is characterised in that:It is described
The temperature of first time esterification is 239~242 DEG C, and the time is 2.0~2.5 hours.
9. the preparation method of new modified cross-linked, water-soluble polyester pulp according to claim 5, it is characterised in that:It is described
The temperature of second of esterification is 245~252 DEG C, and the time is 2.0~2.5 hours.
10. the preparation method of new modified cross-linked, water-soluble polyester pulp according to claim 5, it is characterised in that:Institute
The temperature for stating polycondensation reaction is 252~260 DEG C, and the time is 3.0~3.5 hours.
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN113174035A (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2021-07-27 | 湖北山特莱新材料有限公司 | Multifunctional water-soluble polyester slurry |
Citations (3)
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CN1517403A (en) * | 2003-02-06 | 2004-08-04 | 段吉文 | Cross linking polyester copolymer |
CN106046336A (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2016-10-26 | 广州擎天材料科技有限公司 | Water-soluble polyester resin with hydroxy acid capping end and preparation method thereof |
CN106519203A (en) * | 2016-10-13 | 2017-03-22 | 苏州长业材料技术有限公司 | Saturated water soluble copolyester with high solid content and high molecular weight and preparation method thereof |
-
2018
- 2018-07-20 CN CN201810801830.2A patent/CN108867061B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1517403A (en) * | 2003-02-06 | 2004-08-04 | 段吉文 | Cross linking polyester copolymer |
CN106046336A (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2016-10-26 | 广州擎天材料科技有限公司 | Water-soluble polyester resin with hydroxy acid capping end and preparation method thereof |
CN106519203A (en) * | 2016-10-13 | 2017-03-22 | 苏州长业材料技术有限公司 | Saturated water soluble copolyester with high solid content and high molecular weight and preparation method thereof |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN113174035A (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2021-07-27 | 湖北山特莱新材料有限公司 | Multifunctional water-soluble polyester slurry |
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