CN108866454B - A kind of ceramic powder and the compound aluminum matrix composite preparation process of staple fiber - Google Patents

A kind of ceramic powder and the compound aluminum matrix composite preparation process of staple fiber Download PDF

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CN108866454B
CN108866454B CN201810811879.6A CN201810811879A CN108866454B CN 108866454 B CN108866454 B CN 108866454B CN 201810811879 A CN201810811879 A CN 201810811879A CN 108866454 B CN108866454 B CN 108866454B
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aluminum
ceramic powder
staple fiber
fiber
aluminum shot
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CN108866454A (en
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张宝兴
毕文平
李青
李文明
郭静
孙静
梁贺
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C47/00—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
    • C22C47/14—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments by powder metallurgy, i.e. by processing mixtures of metal powder and fibres or filaments
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C49/00—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
    • C22C49/02—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments characterised by the matrix material
    • C22C49/04—Light metals
    • C22C49/06—Aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C49/00—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
    • C22C49/14—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments characterised by the fibres or filaments

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of ceramic powders and the compound aluminum matrix composite preparation process of staple fiber, first to aluminum shot clean, then wrap up in glue, be then sequentially placed into staple fiber and ceramic powder, repeatedly after dried, be cold-pressed after drying, last sinter molding.The invention is simple and feasible, applied widely, and mechanical performance index increases substantially, and is capable of providing the Al alloy composite blank of high quality.

Description

A kind of ceramic powder and the compound aluminum matrix composite preparation process of staple fiber
Technical field
The present invention relates to metal-base composites preparation technical fields, and in particular to a kind of ceramic powder and staple fiber are compound Aluminum matrix composite preparation process.
Background technique
Aluminum matrix composite has high specific strength, specific stiffness and excellent high-temperature mechanics relative to conventional matrix alloy Energy, low thermal expansion coefficient, excellent wearability have very wide in Aeronautics and Astronautics, automobile, electronics and communications and transportation industry Wealthy application prospect.
The research of aluminum matrix composite start from the 1950s, in the past 20 years no matter theoretically or technically all It achieves compared with much progress, various countries have all put into a large amount of manpower and material resources in research and development, it is studied in metal-base composites Most and most important composite material.The aluminum matrix composite developed at present mainly has SiC/Al, B/Al, B4C/Al、Al2O3/Al Deng, aluminum matrix composite be widely used for the wing of the big aircraft such as manufacture fighter plane, helicopter, rudder, wing flap, fuselage and The components such as covering.
Earliest aerospace applications example be the 1980s american lockheed Martin Corporation by 25%SiC/ 6061Al composite material bears the bracket of instrument to make, and specific stiffness improves 65% compared with 7075 aluminium alloys.90 years 20th century Dai Mo, enhancing aluminum-base composite material by silicon carbide particles are widely applied on airliner, and Pu Hui company starts from PW4084 Machine starts, and makes fan outlet using the As-extruded SiC particles reinforced wrought aluminium alloy based composites of DWA company production Guide vane, the Boeing 777 passenger plane for PW4000 Engine Series.Particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material impact resistance ability ratio Polymer matrix composites greatly improve, and erosion resistance is 7 times of polymer matrix composites, and are easy the various damages of discovery, And cost is made to decline 1/3 or more.
In the past 10 years, the appearance of the combination process such as the reduction and extrusion casint of fiber price, suction pouring and aging Fabricated by Vacuum Preesure Infiltration Casting, It is possibly used for composite material in large batch of conventional Weapon.Fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composites are good comprehensive because of its Can, the application in weapons is increasingly wider, and each advanced country has put into a lot of research work, has manufactured experimently the company in engine Bar, piston, tactics motor body, guidance rudder plate, warhead support frame, the pulling force string of military operation bridge, bridge tank bridge Body and long-rod penetrator bullet support etc..
US Army is early in phase late 1970s just to Al2O3/ A206 composite material manufacture creeper tread is ground Study carefully, its quality can be made to drop to 272~362kg from 544~680kg of cast steel by using composite material manufacture creeper tread, subtracted Light nearly 50%.SiC/Al composite material is used for Ship Structure body and deck board by USN's terrestrial weapon center, and by this material Material is for a variety of Underwater Engineering and the shell of torpedo, submarine mine.With silicon carbide fibre enhancing Al alloy composite made of across Degree is the bridge of boats of 30m, and quality only has 5t, and rigidity is higher by 30% than aluminium alloy, with the continuous solution of price and technical problem, this Application of the class material in weapons field will be more wide.
Also the research work in terms of aluminum matrix composite, including fiber reinforcement, particle have more fully been carried out in China The research of enhance, be laminated compound, jet deposition and in-situ preparation etc. achieves critically important progress, is moving towards scale Change the application stage, is in the recent period especially the needs for adapting to energy-saving and emission-reduction, country proposes to greatly develop lightweight automobile and power electric Pond automobile provides wide space for the large-scale application of aluminum matrix composite.
The current main preparation process of aluminum matrix composite is as follows:
There are two types of the forming methods of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material, first is that powder metallurgic method, i.e., by particle and aluminium alloy Powder mixing, routinely powder metallurgic method is processed, and feature is technique and the quality of item volume easy to control with particle in composite material Content is high, but higher cost, constrains extensive development.Second is that various liquid phase composite algorithms, this method (especially paddling process) Can be with large-scale production, advantage of lower cost, but grain volume fraction is usually no more than 25%, and technical process control is more difficult, and makes Quality stability is also poor compared with powder metallurgic method.The performance of such composite material is significantly improved than protocorm alloy, for example, with 20% 6061 aluminium alloy of SiC particles reinforced, intensity are increased to 496MPa from the 310MPa of former alloy, modulus then from 68GPa increases to 103GPa, in addition, wearability, dimensional stability, heat resistance are also greatly improved than former alloy, this kind of composite wood Material is expired in terms of super large-scale integration substrate, various structural shapes and wear parts (brake block of such as vehicle) The using effect of meaning.
The preparation method of fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composites mainly has heat diffusion bonding method, powder metallurgic method, vacuum pressure Power method of impregnation, squeeze casting method.
Heat diffusion bonding method is in process for machining and manufacturing process: first according to the design needs the fiber after pretreatment According to specific direction marshalling, is then clamped using parent metal, is fixed, be put into inert gas or vacuum environment and add Heat, the fusing point until reaching metal, hot pressing start, finally take Diffusion Welding technology make material form and it is compound.The spy of this method Sign is mainly that metallic matrix is plastically deformed under the action of static pressure, then spreads, fixes fiber and matrix Combine molding, the defect of this method be manufacturing cost it is high, can not batch micro operations, processing step is various and product form has Institute's limitation etc..
Discontinuous carbon fibre metal-base composites is usually fabricated using powder metallurgic method, and production principle is powder Metallurgical theory selects suitable condition to be uniformly mixed reinforcing material and metal powder, presses mixture according to the design needs The advantages of base, sintering make its forming, fabricated by this method is: the adding proportion of adjustment reinforcing material can be facilitated, and Matrix composition and enhancing phase volume are accurately controlled, the product of manufacture has relatively uniform inner base tissue, product size Precision is high.However the defect of this method is complex process, mixing time is too long, generally requires more than 10 hours, the product of manufacture Without good compactness, the interface between intrinsic silicon, matrix and reinforced phase usually will appear hole, also not in conjunction with effect It is highly desirable.
Vacuum casting infiltration basic principle is that reinforced phase is first prepared into precast body, is then put into pressure-bearing casting mold prefabricated Body, then heated, negative pressure generation is had after vacuumizing, and is had the involvement of liquid matrix metal belt in precast body and is coagulated Gu metal-base composites can be thus to obtain.Compared with solid phase method, liguid infiltration seldom can be because of external force to fiber It causes to damage.But since metal-base composites is the new material as made of two kinds of properties entirely different Material cladding, so It is difficult to obtain good and stable interface.
Squeeze casting method refers to that the molten metal intracavitary to type applies very high pressure and squeeze, and destroys the growth of dendrite arm, Feeding under stress, thus the method for obtaining the good casting of quality, there is deformation and obtains strong mechanical performance and tissue in part Fine and closely woven property.This method be easy to cause internal fiber and ceramic powder segregation in TUBE BY LIQUID EXTRUSION, keeps composite material uniformity poor, due to The size and appointed condition of part shape also will limit the application of extrusion casint, be only applicable to prepare the composite casting of simple shape Part.
In conclusion being wanted since aluminum matrix composite is for a long time there is also preparation process complexity to environment and equipment Ask stringent, at high cost, the disadvantages of composite material uniformity is poor, therefore, preparation and application be not also very universal.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide the compound aluminum matrix composite preparations of a kind of ceramic powder and staple fiber Technique, simple and easy, applied widely, mechanical performance index increases substantially, and is capable of providing the aluminium alloy compound material of high quality Material base material.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a kind of ceramic powders and the compound aluminum matrix composite of staple fiber Preparation process, comprising the following steps:
Aluminum shot or aluminium alloy grain are put into alcohol by step 1), and surface clean is carried out by the way of ultrasonic vibration and is removed Then above-mentioned aluminum shot is taken out from alcohol and is put into blender by oil, after alcohol natural evaporation, liquid Aluminum sol is added and stirs It mixes, liquid Aluminum sol is coated uniformly on aluminum shot surface；
Staple fiber stirring is added in step 2), makes staple fiber even adhesion on aluminum shot surface, adds ceramic powder stirring, make to make pottery Porcelain powder even adhesion is on aluminum shot surface；
Step 3) adds the stirring of liquid Aluminum sol, and liquid Aluminum sol is coated uniformly on surface and sticks staple fiber and ceramics The aluminum shot surface of powder adds above-mentioned staple fiber stirring, staple fiber even adhesion is made to stick staple fiber and ceramic powder on surface Aluminum shot surface, add ceramic powder stirring, so that ceramic powder even adhesion is sticked the aluminum shot table of staple fiber and ceramic powder on surface Face finally repeats this step 3-5 times, the particle mixed；
Mixed particle is put into vacuum drying furnace and dries by step 4), prevents aluminum shot surface oxidation, and 300 DEG C of drying temperature More than, Aluminum sol solidification generates aluminium oxide after heat preservation one hour, by aluminum shot, the ceramic powder on aluminum shot surface and the short fibre on aluminum shot surface Dimension is securely bonded together, the particle after being dried；
Particle after drying is put into aluminium jacket by step 5) to be cold-pressed into metal block and vacuumizes removal internal gas；
Metal block after cold pressing is sintered by step 6) in hot isostatic pressing furnace, sintering temperature control aluminum shot melting temperature ± 5 DEG C, guarantee that molten aluminum is in half curdled appearance, the staple fiber and ceramic powder that aluminum shot fusing can break through under high pressure outer bound are simultaneously It is melt into one, Al-alloy block can be obtained after being sintered in hot isostatic pressing furnace.
Further, aluminum shot diameter is 1-5mm in step 1, and the pH value of liquid Aluminum sol is 3~8, the glue of liquid Aluminum sol Grain partial size is 20~80 nanometers, and the revolution of blender is 20~200 revs/min.
Further, the length of step 2 middle short fiber is 0.1~5mm, and diameter is 2~30 microns, and the diameter of ceramic powder is 0.5~10 micron.
Further, fiber, ceramic powder and Aluminum sol stir bonding with aluminum shot several times in step 3, and fiber additional amount accounts for Aluminum shot mass ratio is 0.1~50%, and it is 0.1~50% that ceramic powder additional amount, which accounts for aluminum shot mass ratio,.
Further, in step 5 in cold pressing, pressure is 20~200MPa, and vacuumizing makes air pressure less than 10-3Pa。
Further, in step 6 in HIP sintering, pressure is 5~100MPa.
Further, the aluminum shot in step 1 is fine aluminium grain or aluminium alloy grain, and liquid Aluminum sol is aluminum fluosilicate solution；Step 2 In staple fiber be one of carbon fiber, metallic fiber, glass fibre, ceramic fibre and whisker or a variety of, the ceramic powder It is one or more in aluminium oxide, silicon carbide and boron carbide.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
1, the present invention, which is suitable for various material staple fiber and ceramic powder, can choose difference according to different specific requirements The mixed proportion of fibrous material and ceramic powder has extensive adaptability；
2, for the present invention using liquid Aluminum sol as binder mixing, the liquid Aluminum sol after drying can become aluminium oxide, Not only the cohesive force of staple fiber and ceramic powder had been increased, but also has improved the compatibility of staple fiber, ceramic powder and aluminum shot, had been improved compound The interface binding power of material；
3, the technique mixing is simple and easy, it is only necessary to it can be completed within 20 minutes, and powder metallurgical technique mixing needs are more than 10 hours, therefore working efficiency greatly improved in this technique；
4, when the technique is sintered in hot isostatic pressing furnace, sintering temperature control guarantees molten aluminum in aluminum shot melting temperature ± 5 DEG C In half curdled appearance, aluminum shot can be made to melt and break through the staple fiber of outer bound under high pressure and ceramic powder is melt into one, It can overcome in powder metallurgical technique in this way, matrix caused by the slight oxidation on aluminum shot surface is difficult to the defect combined, together When ensure that staple fiber and ceramic powder not because different and generate lamination from molten aluminum density, with other liquid method for mixing phases Than, it is ensured that the uniformity of staple fiber and ceramic powder dispersion, the Al alloy composite processing performance and mechanical property of preparation are non- Often stablize.
5, this method process flow is continuous, compact, and technique adjustment is simple and convenient, can disposably prepare large-scale high quality Al alloy composite blank reduces the production cost of Al alloy composite, improves production efficiency.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is configuration diagram of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the tissue change diagram after colloidal sol drying of the invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further explained in the light of specific embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can be preferably Understand the present invention and can be practiced, but illustrated embodiment is not as a limitation of the invention.
Embodiment 1
Prepare glass fibre, the Al that fine aluminium is matrix2O3Powder composite blank.
1. the fine aluminium grain that 20Kg diameter is 1.5mm is put into alcohol, surface clean is carried out by the way of ultrasonic vibration And oil removing, fine aluminium grain is taken out from alcohol then and is put into blender, after alcohol natural evaporation, aluminum fluosilicate solution is added and stirs It mixes, the pH value of aluminum fluosilicate solution used is 4, and the particle size analysis of aluminum fluosilicate solution is 30 nanometers, 40 revs/min of blender revolution Clock；
(2) staple glass fibre 0.5Kg stirring is added, the length 0.3mm of glass fibre, makes the short fibre of glass by 10 microns of diameter Even adhesion is tieed up on fine aluminium grain surface, adds Al2O3Powder 0.5Kg stirring, Al2O32 microns of powder diameter, make Al2O3Powder uniformly glues Knot is on fine aluminium grain surface；
(3) stirring of liquid Aluminum sol is added, liquid Aluminum sol is coated uniformly on surface and sticks glass fibre and Al2O3Powder Fine aluminium grain surface, be added staple glass fibre 0.5Kg stirring, make staple glass fibre even adhesion surface stick glass fibre and Al2O3The fine aluminium grain surface of powder, adds Al2O3Powder 0.5Kg stirring, makes Al2O3Powder even adhesion sticks glass fibre on surface And Al2O3The fine aluminium grain surface of powder adds liquid Aluminum sol and stirs and repeat the above steps 3 times；
(4) mixed particle is put into vacuum drying furnace and is dried, prevented aluminum shot surface oxidation, 320 DEG C of drying temperature, protect Temperature is after one hour, and Aluminum sol solidification generates aluminium oxide, by the Al of fine aluminium grain and surface2O3Powder and glass fibre are bonded in securely Together；
(5) particle after drying is put into aluminium jacket and is cold-pressed into metal block, pressure 40MPa is evacuated to air pressure and is less than 10-3Pa；
(6) metal block after cold pressing is sintered in hot isostatic pressing furnace, pressure 10MPa, sintering temperature is controlled in fine aluminium grain 660 ± 5 DEG C of melting temperature, guarantee that molten aluminum is in half curdled appearance, fine aluminium grain can be made to melt and break through outer layer under high pressure and is viscous The glass fibre and Al of knot2O3Powder is melt into one, overcomes matrix incomplete fusion defect caused by the slight oxidation on fine aluminium grain surface, together When to guarantee glass fibre and Al2O3Powder is not because different and generate lamination from molten aluminum density, it is ensured that glass fibre with Al2O3The uniformity of powder dispersion, sintered Composite Pure aluminium block body can be used as blank and be forged, be rolled in hot isostatic pressing furnace System or extrusion process, after tested, the Composite Pure aluminium block body tensile strength are 200MPa, are improved than same condition fine aluminium tensile strength 50% or more.Above-mentioned Al2O3Powder is Al2O3Ceramic powder.
Embodiment 2
Prepare carbon fiber, the SiC powder composite blank that 6061 aluminium alloys are matrix.
1. the 6061 aluminium alloy grains that 30Kg diameter is 2mm are put into alcohol, surface is carried out by the way of ultrasonic vibration Cleaning and oil removing, then 6061 aluminium alloy grains are taken out be put into blender from alcohol, and after alcohol natural evaporation, silicic acid is added Aluminum solutions stirring, aluminum fluosilicate solution pH value used are 5,40 nanometers of the particle size analysis of aluminum fluosilicate solution, 60 turns of blender revolution/ Minute；
(2) carbon fiber 1Kg stirring is added, the length 0.6mm of carbon fiber, makes carbon fiber even adhesion exist by 15 microns of diameter 6061 aluminium alloy grain surfaces, add SiC powder 1Kg stirring, and 3 microns of SiC powder diameter closes SiC powder even adhesion in 6061 aluminium Goldc grains surface；
(3) aluminum fluosilicate solution stirring is added, aluminum fluosilicate solution is coated uniformly on surface and sticks carbon fiber and SiC powder 6061 aluminium alloy grain surfaces are added carbon fiber 1Kg stirring, carbon fiber even adhesion are made to stick carbon fiber and SiC powder on surface 6061 aluminium alloy grain surfaces add SiC powder 1Kg stirring, SiC powder even adhesion are made to stick carbon fiber and SiC powder on surface 6061 aluminium alloy grain surfaces add aluminum fluosilicate solution and stir and repeat the above steps 4 times；
(4) mixed particle is put into vacuum drying furnace and is dried, prevent 6061 aluminium alloy grain surface oxidations, drying temperature After 340 DEG C, heat preservation one hour, Aluminum sol solidification generates aluminium oxide, by 6061 aluminium alloy grains and the SiC powder and carbon fiber on surface jail Admittedly be bonded together；
(5) particle after drying is put into aluminium jacket and is cold-pressed into metal block, pressure 60MPa is evacuated to air pressure and is less than 10-3Pa；
(6) metal block after cold pressing is sintered in hot isostatic pressing furnace, pressure 15MPa, due to 6061 aluminium alloy fusing point temperature Spending range is 580~650 DEG C, and to guarantee that 6061 aluminum alloy melts are in half curdled appearance, sintering temperature is controlled in 6061 aluminium alloys Grain melting temperature lower limit, can be such that 6061 aluminium alloy grains melt and break through the carbon fiber of outer bound under high pressure by that is, 580 ± 5 DEG C Peacekeeping SiC powder is melt into one, overcomes matrix incomplete fusion defect caused by the slight oxidation on pure 6061 aluminium alloy grain surface, simultaneously Guarantee carbon fiber and SiC powder not because different and generate lamination from 6061 aluminum alloy melt density, it is ensured that carbon fiber with The uniformity of SiC powder dispersion, sintered compound 6061 aluminium alloy block can be used as blank progress in hot isostatic pressing furnace Forging, rolling or extrusion process, after tested, which is 480MPa, compares same condition 6061 aluminium alloy tensile strength improve 60% or more.Above-mentioned SiC powder is SiC ceramic powder.
Embodiment 3
Prepare steel fibre, the B that 7050 aluminium alloys are matrix4C powder composite blank.
1. the 7050 aluminium alloy grains that 50Kg diameter is 3mm are put into alcohol, surface is carried out by the way of ultrasonic vibration Cleaning and oil removing, then 7050 aluminium alloy grains are taken out be put into blender from alcohol, and after alcohol natural evaporation, silicic acid is added Aluminum solutions stirring, aluminum fluosilicate solution pH value used are 6,60 nanometers of the particle size analysis of aluminum fluosilicate solution, 80 turns of blender revolution/ Minute；
(2) steel fibre 2Kg stirring is added, the length 1mm of steel fibre, makes steel fibre even adhesion exist by 20 microns of diameter 7050 aluminium alloy grain surfaces, add B4C powder 2Kg stirring, B44 microns of C powder diameter, makes B4C powder even adhesion is in 7050 aluminium alloys Grain surface；
(3) aluminum fluosilicate solution stirring is added, aluminum fluosilicate solution is coated uniformly on surface and sticks steel fibre and B4C powder 7050 aluminium alloy grain surfaces are added steel fibre 2Kg stirring, steel fibre even adhesion are made to stick steel fibre and B on surface4C powder 7050 aluminium alloy grain surfaces, add B4C powder 2Kg stirring, makes B4C powder even adhesion sticks steel fibre and B on surface4C powder 7050 aluminium alloy grain surfaces add aluminum fluosilicate solution and stir and repeat the above steps 4 times；
(4) mixed particle is put into vacuum drying furnace and is dried, prevent 7050 aluminium alloy grain surface oxidations, drying temperature After 360 DEG C, heat preservation one hour, Aluminum sol solidification generates aluminium oxide, by the B of 7050 aluminium alloy grains and surface4C powder and steel fibre jail Admittedly be bonded together；
(5) particle after drying is put into aluminium jacket and is cold-pressed into metal block, pressure 80MPa is evacuated to air pressure and is less than 10-3Pa；
(6) metal block after cold pressing is sintered in hot isostatic pressing furnace, pressure 30MPa, due to 7050 aluminium alloy fusing point temperature Spending range is 500~630 DEG C, and to guarantee that 7050 aluminum alloy melts are in half curdled appearance, sintering temperature is controlled in 7050 aluminium alloys Grain melting temperature lower limit, can be such that 7050 aluminium alloy grains melt and the steel for breaking through outer bound under high pressure is fine by that is, 530 ± 5 DEG C Peacekeeping B4C powder is melt into one, overcomes matrix incomplete fusion defect caused by the slight oxidation on pure 7050 aluminium alloy grain surface, simultaneously Guarantee steel fibre and B4C powder is not because different and generate lamination from 7050 aluminum alloy melt density, it is ensured that steel fibre with B4The uniformity of C powder dispersion, sintered compound 7050 aluminium alloy block can be used as blank progress in hot isostatic pressing furnace Forging, rolling or extrusion process, after tested, which is 800MPa, compares same condition 7050 aluminium alloy tensile strength improve 50% or more.Above-mentioned B4C powder is B4C ceramic powder.
It is collosol structure in above three embodiments shown in referring to Fig.1, in which:
Hx- unit price strong acid
-Al3+
+-H+
Acid radical anion X-
Referring to shown in Fig. 2, it is the tissue change in above three embodiments after colloidal sol drying, can reaches needed for the application The effect wanted.
Embodiment described above is only to absolutely prove preferred embodiment that is of the invention and being lifted, protection model of the invention It encloses without being limited thereto.Those skilled in the art's made equivalent substitute or transformation on the basis of the present invention, in the present invention Protection scope within.Protection scope of the present invention is subject to claims.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of ceramic powder and the compound aluminum matrix composite preparation process of staple fiber, which comprises the following steps:
Aluminum shot or aluminium alloy grain are put into alcohol by step 1), surface clean and oil removing are carried out by the way of ultrasonic vibration, so Above-mentioned aluminum shot is taken out from alcohol afterwards and is put into blender, after alcohol natural evaporation, the stirring of liquid Aluminum sol is added, by liquid State Aluminum sol is coated uniformly on aluminum shot surface；
Staple fiber stirring is added in step 2, makes staple fiber even adhesion on aluminum shot surface, adds ceramic powder stirring, make ceramic powder Even adhesion is on aluminum shot surface；
Liquid feeding state Aluminum sol stirs step 3) again, and liquid Aluminum sol is coated uniformly on the aluminium that surface sticks staple fiber and ceramic powder Grain surface adds above-mentioned staple fiber stirring, staple fiber even adhesion is made to stick the aluminum shot of staple fiber and ceramic powder on surface Surface adds ceramic powder stirring, so that ceramic powder even adhesion is sticked the aluminum shot surface of staple fiber and ceramic powder on surface, finally It repeats this step 3-5 times, the particle mixed；
Mixed particle is put into vacuum drying furnace and dries by step 4), prevents aluminum shot surface oxidation, 300 DEG C of drying temperature with On, Aluminum sol solidification generates aluminium oxide after heat preservation one hour, by the staple fiber of aluminum shot, the ceramic powder on aluminum shot surface and aluminum shot surface It is securely bonded together, the particle after being dried；
Particle after drying is put into aluminium jacket by step 5) to be cold-pressed into metal block and vacuumizes removal internal gas；
Metal block after cold pressing is sintered by step 6) in hot isostatic pressing furnace, and sintering temperature is controlled in aluminum shot melting temperature ± 5 DEG C, Guarantee that molten aluminum is in half curdled appearance, aluminum shot melts the staple fiber that can break through outer bound under high pressure and ceramic powder and is melt into Al-alloy block can be obtained after being sintered in hot isostatic pressing furnace in one.
2. ceramic powder as described in claim 1 and the compound aluminum matrix composite preparation process of staple fiber, which is characterized in that step Aluminum shot diameter is 1-5mm in rapid 1, and the pH value of liquid Aluminum sol is 3~8, and the particle size analysis of liquid Aluminum sol is 20~80 nanometers, The revolution of blender is 20~200 revs/min.
3. ceramic powder as described in claim 1 and the compound aluminum matrix composite preparation process of staple fiber, which is characterized in that step The length of rapid 2 middle short fiber is 0.1~5mm, and diameter is 2~30 microns, and the diameter of ceramic powder is 0.5~10 micron.
4. ceramic powder as described in claim 1 and the compound aluminum matrix composite preparation process of staple fiber, which is characterized in that step In rapid 3 fiber, ceramic powder and Aluminum sol several times with aluminum shot stir bond, fiber additional amount account for aluminum shot mass ratio be 0.1~ 50%, it is 0.1~50% that ceramic powder additional amount, which accounts for aluminum shot mass ratio,.
5. ceramic powder as described in claim 1 and the compound aluminum matrix composite preparation process of staple fiber, which is characterized in that step In rapid 5 in cold pressing, pressure is 20~200MPa, and vacuumizing makes air pressure less than 10-3Pa。
6. ceramic powder as described in claim 1 and the compound aluminum matrix composite preparation process of staple fiber, which is characterized in that step In rapid 6 in HIP sintering, pressure is 5~100MPa.
7. ceramic powder as described in claim 1 and the compound aluminum matrix composite preparation process of staple fiber, which is characterized in that step Aluminum shot in rapid 1 is fine aluminium grain, and liquid Aluminum sol is aluminum fluosilicate solution；Staple fiber in step 2 be carbon fiber, metallic fiber, One of glass fibre, ceramic fibre and whisker are a variety of, and the ceramic powder is a kind of in aluminium oxide, silicon carbide and boron carbide Or it is a variety of.
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