CN108866345A - A kind of vacuum electroslag remelting furnace melting high-cleanness, high steel ingot method - Google Patents
A kind of vacuum electroslag remelting furnace melting high-cleanness, high steel ingot method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108866345A CN108866345A CN201810843916.1A CN201810843916A CN108866345A CN 108866345 A CN108866345 A CN 108866345A CN 201810843916 A CN201810843916 A CN 201810843916A CN 108866345 A CN108866345 A CN 108866345A
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- vacuum
- steel ingot
- electroslag remelting
- slag
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/16—Remelting metals
- C22B9/18—Electroslag remelting
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method of vacuum electroslag remelting furnace melting high-cleanness, high steel ingot, this method thoroughly drives away furnace air by the process sequence of applying argon gas after first vacuumizing before melting；Slag charge dispensing, the starting the arc and slugging are carried out under normal pressure high-purity argon gas atmosphere, start remelting consutrode；It is vacuumized again after stablizing melting, guarantees that pressure is not less than 1000Pa in furnace, carries out vacuum electroslag remelting melting；After consutrode is completely melt, power supply is closed；After steel ingot is cooling, vacuum system and cooling water recirculation system are closed, reflow process is completed in remelted ingot demoulding.Method of the invention prevents air and electrode and slag contacts, is beneficial to prevent steel ingot oxygenation；Alleviate slag charge disperse, excessively volatilization and boiling, guarantees the stability of reflow process；And steel ingot total oxygen content can be further decreased, make esr process that there is better deoxidation effect；Vacuum environment can also dry slag, reduce hydrogen content in steel ingot, help to improve the cleanliness of electroslag remelting steel ingot.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to electroslag remelting technique fields, and in particular to a kind of vacuum electroslag remelting furnace melting high-cleanness, high steel ingot
Method.
Background technique
Traditional electroslag remelting is to carry out melting to consutrode under atmospheric environment, is hot-melted by the resistance that slag generates
Consutrode, the metal drop of formation are refined and are passed through in slag bath slag bath, finally oriented under crystallizer cooling effect
Solidification.The steel ingot of electroslag remelting production has many advantages, such as that dense structure, metal are pure, ingredient is uniform, any surface finish, and can have
Effect removal non-metallic inclusion reduces steel ingot total oxygen content.Steel ingot total oxygen content is the important indicator for evaluating steel ingot cleanliness, is
The problem that metallargist tackles key problems for a long time.
The master operation of traditional electroslag remelting includes：The preparation and welding of consutrode, slag charge preparation, electroslag furnace starting and
Stablize (starting the arc, slugging process), basic smelting period (consutrode remelting), remelting ingot casting cooling and demolding.Electroslag remelting work at present
Skill carries out under atmospheric environment mostly, and consutrode and high-temperature slag are easy oxidation by air, and then cause in steel ingot oxygen content
It rises, the decline of steel ingot cleanliness.The deoxidation measure of existing use reduces steel ingot oxygen content, deoxidation measure mainly include addition aluminium,
Silicon deoxidier and inert atmosphere protection.Traditional deoxidier is difficult to steel ingot total oxygen content being down to 10ppm can also hereinafter, being excessively used
Introducing impurity element influences ingot composition；Although inert gas shielding can reduce air oxidation phenomenon, blown into protective cover
The inert gas entered can not drive air only, and electrode surface and slag oxidation not can avoid, and still will affect deoxidation effect.These
Restrict the raising of electroslag remelting steel ingot quality.
Summary of the invention
(1) technical problems to be solved
To solve the problems, such as that existing electroslag remelting technique is undesirable to steel ingot deoxidation effect, the present invention provides a kind of vacuum electric
The method of slag remelting furnace melting high-cleanness, high steel ingot can effectively reduce steel ingot total oxygen content using this method, improve electroslag remelting
The quality of steel ingot.
(2) technical solution
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a kind of method of vacuum electroslag remelting furnace melting high-cleanness, high steel ingot,
Include the following steps：
S1, the consutrode for needing remelting and dummy electrode are welded, vacuum chamber is placed on crystallizer, keeps the two coaxial and close
Sealing-in touching；Start vacuum pump, crystallizer and internal vacuum chamber air are pumped, absolute pressure in furnace body is minimized；
S2, it keeps closing vacuum pump while isolation in furnace with external environment, the valve of argon bottle is opened, by high-purity argon gas
It is filled in furnace body；
S3, when pressure in furnace body is identical as ambient atmosphere pressure, open slag adding machine, by slag charge slowly launches arrive furnace body
In；
S4, under normal pressure high-purity argon gas atmosphere, operate the electroslag furnace starting the arc, slugging, start remelting consutrode；
S5, it completes plus slag, after slugging process, by current boost to technique claimed range, subsequently enters stable melting rank
Section；
S6, stablizing smelt stage, initial stage metal bath and then secondary starting vacuum pump are being formed, stepwise by furnace body
Interior absolute pressure is down to technique claimed range, starts vacuum electroslag remelting fusion process；
S7, after consutrode is completely melt, close power supply, vacuum system, cooling water recirculation system kept to continue to run；
S8, after steel ingot is completely cooling, close vacuum pump, abolish in furnace and restore in vacuum state to crystallizer and vacuum chamber
Ambient pressure environment closes cooling water recirculation system；
S9, remelted ingot demoulding, complete entire vacuum electroslag remelting process.
In method of the invention, applying argon gas again is first vacuumized, can guarantee to there's almost no air in furnace, thoroughly prevent to melt
The contact of electrode, slag with air during refining；
Then, under the normal pressure state of argon atmosphere, carry out dispensing slag charge, the starting the arc, slugging operation, it is ensured that the rank
The stability of section slag charge guarantees that the starting the arc, slugging stage are gone on smoothly.If directly under vacuum conditions slag charge be easy disperse,
Fusion process is unstable, so being carried out using argon gas is filled with to differential pressure.
After consutrode stably fused, then interim reduction absolute pressure.It can prevent pressure reduction is too fast to cause to melt
Slag acutely volatilizees and boils, and keeps the stability of fusion process most important for steel ingot quality.
Melting environment is vacuum environment in the method for the present invention, which reacts in deoxidation ([C]+[O]=CO (g))
It is normally carried out, under vacuum conditions, solubility is low in slag by the production object CO of the reaction, it is easier to it removes and is siphoned away by vacuum,
And then reduce molten steel oxygen content.
The method of vacuum electroslag remelting furnace melting high quality steel ingot as described above, which is characterized in that in step sl, institute
When stating absolute pressure and minimizing, it is less than 100Pa.
Further, in step s 2, the concentration of the high-purity argon gas is more than or equal to 99.99%.
Further, in step s3, slag charge in launch process slag adding machine with external environment is closed is isolated, keep away simultaneously
Exempt from slag charge to contact with air.
Further, in step s 6, the technique claimed range of the absolute pressure is 1000Pa -100000Pa.
Further, in step s 6, the stepwise operation is that at least three gears carry out, and reduces pressure every time
The range of decrease guarantees that within 90%, Lowest absolute pressure must not be lower than 1000Pa.
The low vacuum environment (absolute pressure be greater than 1000Pa) of fusion process be conducive to slow down slag volatilization, keep slag system at
The stability divided stability, keep fusion process.
It is further, in step s 5, described that stepwise operation can be by 101325Pa -30000Pa -5000Pa -
2000Pa is carried out.
(3) beneficial effect
The present invention provides a kind of device and methods of vacuum electroslag remelting furnace melting high quality steel ingot, pass through step S1-
The process sequence of S6 can guarantee that oxygen concentration is almost 0 in vacuum chamber and crystallizer, prevent dioxygen oxidation electrode surface and melt
Slag appraises at the current rate oxide, and then is beneficial to reduce steel ingot total oxygen content.Under the normal pressure state of argon atmosphere, carry out dispensing slag charge,
The starting the arc, slugging operation, it is ensured that the stability of the stage slag charge and fusion process.It is stepwise reduced after the completion of slugging exhausted
To pressure, it is ensured that the stability of reflow process prevents pressure from reducing too fast caused slag and acutely volatilizees and boil.Low
Melting not only can satisfy vacuum environment requirement under vacuum degree environment, but also can reduce the variation of slag system ingredient caused by volatilization.Pass through
Reducing absolute pressure can reduce solubility of the carbon monoxide in molten steel, so promote reaction between carbon and oxygen in steel ingot ([C]+[O]=
CO (g)) it is positive carry out, further decrease steel ingot total oxygen content, make esr process that there is better deoxidation effect.Due to
Reaction between carbon and oxygen is easier to carry out, and steel ingot total oxygen content reduces, so that active element scaling loss is reduced in steel ingot, recovery rate of iron is mentioned
It is high.
Method of the invention prevents air and electrode and slag contacts, is beneficial to prevent steel ingot oxygenation；Alleviation slag charge disperse,
Excessively volatilization and boiling, guarantees the stability of reflow process；And steel ingot total oxygen content can be further decreased, make esr process
With better deoxidation effect；In addition, reducing absolute pressure but also vapor is easy to exclude, is conducive to dry slag, reduces
Hydrogen content in steel ingot.These are both contributed in the cleanliness for improving electroslag remelting steel ingot.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the section structure of apparatus of the present invention.
【Description of symbols】
1, column；2, conductive cross arm；3, vacuum chamber；4, slag adding machine；5, dummy electrode；6, consutrode；7, crystallizer；8,
Bottom water case；9, slag bath；10, metal bath；11, operating platform；12, argon gas pipeline；13, vacuum system pipeline；14, vacuum pump；
15, argon bottle.
Specific embodiment
In order to preferably explain the present invention, in order to understand, with reference to the accompanying drawing, by specific embodiment, to this hair
It is bright to be described in detail.
A kind of device of vacuum electroslag remelting furnace melting high quality steel ingot as shown in Figure 1, including column 1, conductive cross arm
2, vacuum chamber 3, bottom water case 8, crystallizer 7 and operating platform 11,
Column 1 is vertically mounted on operating platform 11, and bottom water case 8 is arranged on operating platform 11, bottom water case 8 and crystallizer
The cooling water cyclic system that 7 inside are installed, for keeping the low-temperature condition of crystallizer 7 and bottom water case 8, crystallizer 7 and bottom water case 8 are right
Metal bath 10 is cooled down, and metallic solution is made to be frozen into steel ingot.Bottom water case 8, crystallizer 7 and vacuum chamber 3 arrange from bottom to top,
Vacuum chamber 3 and crystallizer 7 are hollow chamber, and composition furnace body, vacuum chamber 3 and crystallizer are communicated inside vacuum chamber 3 and crystallizer 7
7 engaging portion keeps sealing.7 bottom of crystallizer is disposed with conductive plate.There is casing between vacuum chamber 3 and dummy electrode 5, passes through sealing
Rubber ring is sealed.
In the use process of the device, furnace interior is followed successively by metal bath 10, slag bath 9, consutrode 6 from bottom to top
It is kept sealing by through part through 3 top of vacuum chamber, dummy electrode 5 and vacuum chamber 3 with the first end of dummy electrode 5, dummy electrode 5,
Dummy electrode 5 passes through 3 top section of vacuum chamber and is clamped by the first end of conductive cross arm 2, and the second end of conductive cross arm 2 is socketed in column
On 1, the second end of dummy electrode 5 is connect using welding manner with the first end of consutrode 6.The second end of consutrode 6 protrudes into
In slag bath 9.
3 side wall of vacuum chamber is connected with slag adding machine 4, for adding slag slag charge into the intracorporal slag bath 9 of furnace, slag device is added to put
Material mouth, drain hole are remained turned-off in entire experiment carries out by sealing devices such as cushion rubbers；Vacuum chamber 3 by argon gas pipeline 12 with
Argon bottle 15 connects；Vacuum chamber 3 is controlled to a vacuum pump by vacuum system pipeline, so that vacuum chamber is formed vacuum for being evacuated.
Consutrode 6 is made by being melt metal itself, and when remelting welds together consutrode 6 and dummy electrode 5.It is molten
It refines electric current and passes through dummy electrode 5, consutrode 6, then the conductive plate through 7 bottom of slag and crystallizer in slag bath 9 returns.Melting electricity
Stream generates high temperature when through high resistance slag, and consutrode 6 is made to be fused into metal drop, and metal drop passes through in slag bath 9
Slag instills metal bath, and the bottom water case 8 for being crystallized 7 lower section of device is cooling, condenses into steel ingot.Metal drop and molten in the process
Slag comes into full contact with, and generates strong metallurgical chemistry reaction, refines metal.Electroslag remelting metal has good pure
Degree, as-cast structure fine uniform, no white point and the segregation of year colyliform, sulfur content is extremely low, the excellent performances such as field trash small and dispersed.
The effect of slag bath 9 is to generate resistance heat, while refined metals molten drop.
The effect of crystallizer 7 and bottom water case 8 is to cool down to the metal bath 10 of its inside, is made inside metal bath 10
Metal drop be cooled into solid-state steel ingot.
The method that electroslag remelting is carried out using the device of above-mentioned vacuum electroslag remelting furnace melting high quality steel ingot, by following step
It is rapid to carry out：
S1, the metal of remelting will be needed to be prepared into consutrode first, is welded with dummy electrode；Then start vacuum system, very
Empty system body is vacuum pump 14 and vacuum system pipeline 13, and the inner air of vacuum chamber 3 and crystallizer 7 is pumped, will be absolute
Pressure is down to 10Pa；
S2, it keeps with closing vacuum pump 14 while external environment isolation in furnace, then opening 15 valve of argon bottle will be dense
Degree is filled in vacuum chamber 3 and crystallizer 7 for 99.999% high-purity argon gas；
S3, when argon pressure is identical as ambient pressure environment in vacuum chamber 3 and crystallizer 7, open slag adding machine 4, will
Slag charge is disposably slowly launched in crystallizer 7, and slag charge is ternary pre-melted slag, percentage composition CaF250%,
Al2O325%, CaO 25%, quantity of slag 8kg.
S4, under normal pressure high-purity argon gas atmosphere, operate the electroslag furnace starting the arc, slugging, start remelting consutrode, consutrode
For into cross grinding process H13 mould steel, diameter 130mm, length 1500mm.
S5, it completes plus slag, after slugging process, melting electric current is gradually promoted to 3400A, into stablizing smelt stage,
Heavy current generates a large amount of Joule heats in the slag bath 9 of high resistance, so that the lower end of consutrode 6 is gradually melted, molten steel
Liquid drops onto 7 bottom of crystallizer with drops and forms metal bath 10, under the cooling effect of crystallizer 7 and bottom water case 8, gold
Molten metal in category molten bath 10, which gradually solidifies, forms steel ingot 11；
Further, constant current controlling smelting technology is used in the present embodiment, power supply is the alternating current of frequency 50Hz, remelting
Voltage 38V.
S6, stablizing smelt stage, forming initial stage metal bath and start vacuum system later, stepwise by vacuum chamber 3
And absolute pressure is down to 2000Pa in crystallizer 7, starts vacuum electroslag remelting process；Staged reduce absolute pressure sequence be
101325Pa -30000Pa -5000Pa -2000Pa is gradually depressured, and the process was for about 15 minutes, then, vacuum electroslag weight
The stabilization smelt stage of molten process was for about 70 minutes.
S7, after consutrode is completely melt, close power supply, dummy electrode removed into crystallizer, keeps vacuum system, cooling
Water circulation system continues to run；
Further, the cooling water recirculation system in the present embodiment starts before melting starts.
S8, after steel ingot is completely cooling, restore ambient pressure environment in vacuum breaker to vacuum chamber and crystallizer, close vacuum
System and cooling water recirculation system；
S9, remelted ingot demoulding, complete entire vacuum electroslag remelting process.
Further, the reflow process of the present embodiment obtained the steel ingot of diameter 200mm, high 630mm for about 100 minutes.
Gained steel ingot is longitudinally splitted, the average value of sample detection main component along central axis, and is carried out with ingot composition before remelting
Comparison, the results are shown in Table 1：
1 chemical component of table (mass fraction) table of comparisons (%)
Comparative example
As a comparison case by existing argon atmosphere protection electroslag furnace, under other conditions all same case, only lack
S1 is vacuumized and S5, i.e. the melting under normal pressure argon gas protective condition, and the chemical component of gained steel ingot is shown in Table in 1 (argon after remelting
Gas).
It can be outputed from table 1, the steel ingot of (vacuum) after the method for the present invention, that is, remelting, compared with prior art, oxygen content
It is greatly reduced, silicon scaling loss is smaller, and acquired electroslag remelting steel ingot has higher cleanliness.
It is to be appreciated that describing the skill simply to illustrate that of the invention to what specific embodiments of the present invention carried out above
Art route and feature, its object is to allow those skilled in the art to can understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly, but
The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned particular implementations.All various changes made within the scope of the claims are repaired
Decorations, should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of method of vacuum electroslag remelting furnace melting high quality steel ingot, which is characterized in that this approach includes the following steps：
S1, the consutrode for needing remelting and dummy electrode are welded, vacuum chamber is placed on crystallizer, kept the two coaxial and sealing connects
Touching；Start vacuum pump, crystallizer and internal vacuum chamber air are pumped, absolute pressure in furnace body is minimized；
S2, it keeps closing vacuum pump while isolation in furnace with external environment, opens the valve of argon bottle, high-purity argon gas is filled with
In furnace body；
S3, when pressure in furnace body is identical as ambient atmosphere pressure, open slag adding machine, slag charge is slowly launched in furnace body；
S4, under normal pressure high-purity argon gas atmosphere, operate the electroslag furnace starting the arc, slugging, start remelting consutrode；
S5, it completes plus slag, after slugging process, by current boost to technique claimed range, subsequently enters stable smelt stage；
S6, stablize smelt stage, form initial stage metal bath and then secondary starting vacuum pump, it stepwise will be exhausted in furnace body
Technique claimed range is down to pressure, starts vacuum electroslag remelting fusion process；
S7, after consutrode is completely melt, close power supply, vacuum system, cooling water recirculation system kept to continue to run；
S8, after steel ingot is completely cooling, close vacuum pump, abolish and restore extraneous in furnace in vacuum state to crystallizer and vacuum chamber
Environmental pressure closes cooling water recirculation system；
S9, remelted ingot demoulding, complete entire vacuum electroslag remelting process.
2. the method for vacuum electroslag remelting furnace melting high quality steel ingot according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step
In S1, when the absolute pressure minimizes, it is less than 100Pa.
3. the method for vacuum electroslag remelting furnace melting high quality steel ingot according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step
In S2, the concentration of the high-purity argon gas is more than or equal to 99.99%.
4. the method for vacuum electroslag remelting furnace melting high quality steel ingot according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step
In S3, slag charge in launch process slag adding machine with external environment is closed is isolated, while slag charge being avoided to contact with air.
5. the method for vacuum electroslag remelting furnace melting high quality steel ingot according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step
In S6, the technique claimed range of the absolute pressure is 1000Pa -100000Pa.
6. the method for vacuum electroslag remelting furnace melting high quality steel ingot according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step
In S6, described stepwise operate is that at least three gears carry out, and reduces the range of decrease of pressure every time within 90%, minimum absolute
Pressure must not be lower than 1000Pa.
7. the method for vacuum electroslag remelting furnace melting high quality steel ingot according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step
In S5, the stepwise operation is carried out by 101325Pa -30000Pa -5000Pa -2000Pa.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN111647713A (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2020-09-11 | 樟树市兴隆高新材料有限公司 | Electroslag treatment system for die steel production |
| CN113977053A (en) * | 2021-11-24 | 2022-01-28 | 攀枝花航友新材料科技有限公司 | Rapid cooling device for welding electrode and use method thereof |
| CN114032450A (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2022-02-11 | 苏州金立鑫特材科技有限公司 | Ultra-pure stainless steel for semiconductor manufacturing industry |
| CN115786800A (en) * | 2022-11-28 | 2023-03-14 | 苏州大学 | Smelting device for clean homogenized extra-large steel ingot and using method |
| CN116121547A (en) * | 2023-02-06 | 2023-05-16 | 东北大学 | Method and device for reducing oxygen potential in remelting atmosphere and improving cleanliness of electroslag ingot |
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Application publication date: 20181123 |
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