CN108866322B - 一种重金属工业污泥和城市污泥协同处置的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种重金属工业污泥和城市污泥协同处置的方法。所述重金属工业污泥和城市污泥经预先烘干后含水率分别30%~50%，按干重计，所述重金属工业污泥中铜、镍和铬含量分别为1%~3%，由以下步骤组成：1）按干重计，将质量比为50~80:20~50的重金属工业污泥与城市污泥混匀；2）步骤1）的混合料点火4~10min，烧结30min~60min，得到烧结料；3）按步骤2）烧结料质量分数的3%~10%添加还原剂，在1400℃~1600℃熔炼20min~60min，分别获得金属锭和尾渣。本发明可同时实现重金属工业污泥和城市污泥的减量化、无害化和资源化。
Description
技术领域
本发明属危固废物环保处理及资源再生领域，涉及一种重金属工业污泥和城市污泥协同处置的方法。
背景技术
重金属工业污泥是金属加工及表面处理行业产生含铜、镍、铬、铅、锌等重金属的工业固体废弃物，是一种兼具资源利用和环保危害的高值危固废物，对其进行无害化资源化是环境可持续发展的必然要求。目前，围绕其资源化形成了4种方法：1、固化法，该法应用广泛，但增容率高，重金属无法回收，长期固化效果不稳定。2、浸出法，该法原料适应性广，金属回收率较高，但流程长、成本高、新废水量大。3、焙烧法，该法减量化效果明显，但要求原料重金属含量高，金属回收种类有限、成本高。4、材料化技术，将重金属污泥协同制成磁性材料、肥料、水泥等，该法尚处于探索阶段，要求污泥重金属含量低。
城市污泥是污水处理过程的副产物，含有氮、磷、钾等营养物质和大量有机质，具备制造肥料和作为燃料的基本条件；然而污泥中又含有大量病原菌、寄生虫以及生物难降解物质和重金属离子等有毒有害物质，容易腐烂发臭，若得不到良好的处理，必然会对环境造成更严重的污染。传统的城市污泥处理方式有填埋、堆肥、焚烧等，由于场地限制和安全隐患填埋已逐渐被弃用，堆肥法需解决有害组分在土壤中的积累问题，焚烧法投资及运行成本较高。近年来新兴的城市污泥处置技术主要有制取生物柴油、高温分解、气化、湿式氧化和燃烧等，目前都还处在研究试验阶段。
发明内容
为克服现有技术处理重金属工业污泥和城市污泥的弊端，提出一种重金属工业污泥和城市污泥协同处置的无害资源化方法。
本发明的技术方案依次由以下步骤组成：
1）按干重计，将质量比为50~80: 20~50的重金属工业污泥与城市污泥混匀；
2）步骤1）的混合料点火4~10min，烧结30min~60min，得到烧结料；
3）按步骤2）烧结料质量分数的3%~10%添加还原剂，在1400℃~1600℃熔炼20min~60min，分别获得金属锭和尾渣。
本发明所述重金属工业污泥和城市污泥经预先烘干后含水率分别30%~50%，按干重计，所述重金属工业污泥中铜、镍和铬含量分别为1%~3%。
所述还原剂为无烟煤或焦炭。
本发明的原理在于：1）充分利用城市污泥中有机质燃烧产生热量替代重金属工业污泥烧结过程的燃料，完成工业污泥的烧结；2）城市污泥经烧结后，灰分主要为SiO2和Al2O3，在熔炼过程中作为造渣剂与重金属工业污泥中的CaO、SiO2和Al2O3形成三元低熔点化合物成为渣相浮于熔体表面，污泥中的重金属及其他金属则熔为金属液相沉于熔体底部，两者因比重差异经重力沉降后分别排出，经冷却后分别凝固为金属锭和尾渣。
本发明的创新性在于：将城市污泥与重金属工业污泥协同处置，利用城市污泥作为重金属工业污泥烧结过程的燃料及熔炼过程的造渣剂，同时实现重金属工业污泥和城市污泥的减量化、无害化和资源化。
本发明得到的金属锭中铜、镍和铬含量均高于10%，铜、镍和铬回收率均高于95%，尾渣中铜、镍混合铬含量均在0.1%左右，可作为普通固体废弃物处理。
具体实施方式
实施例1：将铜、镍和铬含量分别为2.64%、2.13%和2.53%的重金属工业污泥烘干至含水率为39.4%，按干重质量比60:40的比例，取500kg重金属工业污泥与烘干至含水率为49.5%的城市污泥244.85kg混匀，混合料采用高炉煤气点火10min后烧结45min，按烧结料质量分数的5%添加无烟煤，在1500℃±20℃熔炼40min，获得熔炼产物220.58kg，其中金属锭58.78kg，尾渣161.80kg。金属锭铜、镍和铬含量分别为13.21%、10.57%和12.64%，三者回收率分别为98.05%、97.24%和97.90%，尾渣中铜、镍和铬含量分别为0.095%、0.109%和0.099%。
实施例2：将铜、镍和铬含量分别为1.43%、1.48%和1.38%的重金属工业污泥烘干至含水率为30.8%，按干重质量比80:20的比例，取500kg重金属工业污泥与烘干至含水率为40.4%的城市污泥116kg混匀，混合料采用煤气发生炉点火4min后烧结60min，按烧结料质量分数的10%添加无烟煤，在1600℃±20℃熔炼20min，获得熔炼产物232.51kg，其中金属锭45.83kg，尾渣186.68kg。金属锭铜、镍和铬含量分别为10.36%、10.74%和10.00%，三者回收率分别为95.96%、96.11%和95.98%，尾渣中铜、镍和铬含量分别为0.107%、0.107%和0.103%。
实施例3：将铜、镍和铬含量分别为2.05%、2.14%和1.97%的重金属工业污泥烘干至含水率为50.6%，按干重质量比70:30的比例，取500kg重金属工业污泥与烘干至含水率为30.2%的城市污泥106kg混匀，混合料采用高炉煤气点火8min后烧结30min，按烧结料质量分数的7%添加焦炭，在1500℃±20℃熔炼35min，获得熔炼产物171.79kg，其中金属锭40.51kg，尾渣131.28kg。金属锭铜、镍和铬含量分别为12.16%、12.72%和11.67%，三者回收率分别为97.28%、97.48%和97.15%，尾渣中铜、镍和铬含量分别为0.105%、0.101%和0.106%。
实施例4：将铜、镍和铬含量分别为2.87%、3.01%和2.64%的重金属工业污泥烘干至含水率为35.5%，按干重质量比50:50的比例，取500kg重金属工业污泥与烘干至含水率为40.3%的城市污泥270kg混匀，混合料采用煤气发生炉点火6min后烧结40min，按烧结料质量分数的3%添加焦炭，在1400℃±20℃熔炼60min，获得熔炼产物244.29kg，其中金属锭65.59kg，尾渣178.70kg。金属锭铜、镍和铬含量分别为13.84%、14.52%和12.71%，三者回收率分别为98.08%、98.11%和97.92%，尾渣中铜、镍和铬含量分别为0.099%、0.102%和0.099%。
Claims (2)
1.一种重金属工业污泥和城市污泥协同处置的方法， 所述重金属工业污泥和城市污泥经预先烘干后含水率分别30％～50％，按干重计，所述重金属工业污泥中铜、镍和铬含量分别为1％～3％，其特征是由以下步骤组成：
1)按干重计，将质量比为50～80:20～50的重金属工业污泥与城市污泥混匀；
2)步骤1)的混合料点火4～10min，烧结30min～60min，得到烧结料；所述城市污泥经烧结后，灰分主要为SiO2和Al2O3，在熔炼过程中作为造渣剂使用；
3)按步骤2)烧结料质量分数的3％～10％添加还原剂，在1400℃～1600℃熔炼20min～60min，在熔炼过程中，烧结后的城市污泥形成的灰分作为造渣剂与重金属工业污泥中的CaO、SiO2和Al2O3形成三元低熔点化合物成为渣相浮于熔体表面，污泥中的重金属以及其他金属熔为金属液相沉于熔体底部，经重力沉降后，分别获得金属锭和尾渣。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种重金属工业污泥和城市污泥协同处置的方法， 其特征是所述还原剂为无烟煤或焦炭。
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