CN108863164B - High-durability concrete and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-durability concrete and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B26/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
- C04B26/02—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B26/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C04B26/14—Polyepoxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/0075—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for road construction
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/29—Frost-thaw resistance
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/80—Optical properties, e.g. transparency or reflexibility
- C04B2111/805—Transparent material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
- C04B2201/52—High compression strength concretes, i.e. with a compression strength higher than about 55 N/mm2, e.g. reactive powder concrete [RPC]
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-durability concrete and a preparation method thereof, wherein the concrete is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 25-35% of epoxy resin; 1-5% of a curing agent; 40-55% of glass particles; 5-10% of graphene oxide-glass fiber-pyridine ionic liquid composite material; 5-10% of polyethylene glycol. According to the invention, the graphene oxide-glass fiber-pyridine ionic liquid composite material is added into the concrete, so that on one hand, due to the unique properties of low melting point, high stability, strong dissolving capacity, low steam pressure and wide potential window, the antifreezing performance of the concrete can be improved, and meanwhile, due to the good dissolving performance of the ionic liquid, the compatibility of each component can be improved, and the workability of the concrete can be improved; the graphene oxide has good ductility, can improve the bending and pulling performance of concrete, and further improves the performance of the concrete; meanwhile, due to the interaction force of ionic bonds, covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds, Van der Waals force and the like among the components, the internal structure of the concrete is firmer, the durability of the concrete is improved, and the service life of the concrete is prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of polymer material science, in particular to high-durability concrete and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The bearing type high-speed photovoltaic road surface converts the collected solar energy into electric energy, and is widely researched in recent years, the transparent concrete similar to ground glass is arranged on the uppermost layer of the photovoltaic road surface, so that sunlight can pass through the solar cells below the photovoltaic road surface to convert the light energy into the electric energy. At present, the preparation of domestic transparent concrete mainly has three forms, one is to prepare the transparent concrete by pouring cement mortar outside a prefabricated resin block; secondly, cement or asphalt concrete is poured around the fixed optical fibers to prepare light guide concrete; thirdly, mixing the resin and the cement to be used as a cementing material and mixing the cementing material and the aggregate to prepare the translucent concrete. The concrete prepared by the method has the light transmittance which is greatly limited, and a large number of research teams have studied to improve the performance of the transparent concrete.
Chinese CN106592374A patent provides a solar photovoltaic power generation road surface and its application, the solar photovoltaic power generation road surface at least includes from down to the supreme setting in proper order: the light-transmitting anti-skid road comprises a roadbed, a base layer, a surface layer, a solar photovoltaic power generation layer and a light-transmitting anti-skid wearing layer. The light-transmitting anti-skid wearing layer is made of light-transmitting concrete or/and light-transmitting epoxy resin with the thickness of 0.5-5 mm, and the light-transmitting concrete at least comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-12 parts of epoxy resin, 84-97.4 parts of glass particles and 0.6-4 parts of curing agent, wherein the epoxy resin, the glass particles and the curing agent are all light-permeable, and preferably, the epoxy resin, the glass particles and the curing agent are colorless and transparent. The photovoltaic pavement prepared by the method has poor compressive strength and breaking strength and short service life.
The mechanical property and the durability of the concrete can be influenced by factors such as chemical corrosion, carbonization and microorganisms in the environment, the existing concrete has the defects of poor strength, low frost resistance, low water permeability, easy cracking and the like, and the transparent concrete applied to the photovoltaic highway has higher requirement on the durability, so that the novel durable concrete with the functions of high strength, good freezing resistance, small drying shrinkage, difficult cracking and the like is urgently needed to be designed to meet the requirement of high-quality construction engineering and become a technical problem which is urgently needed to be solved in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide high-durability concrete and a preparation method thereof, aiming at the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the high-durability concrete is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 25-35% of epoxy resin; 1-5% of a curing agent; 40-55% of glass particles; 5-10% of graphene oxide-glass fiber-pyridine ionic liquid composite material; 5-10% of polyethylene glycol.
Preferably, the ionic liquid is 4-amino-1-butylpyridinium chloride ionic liquid. The ionic liquid contains amino groups, has the unique properties of simple structure, low melting point, high stability, strong dissolving capacity, high conductivity, low steam pressure, wide potential window and the like which are not possessed by common organic solvents and water, and can be used as an antifreezing agent to enhance the pumpability of concrete in winter construction and improve the durability of the concrete, and meanwhile, the ionic liquid has good dissolving performance, can increase the compatibility among the components and improve the workability of the concrete.
The invention also provides a preferable preparation method of the 4-amino-1-butylpyridinium chloride ionic liquid, which comprises the steps of dissolving 4-aminopyridine in acetonitrile, heating and refluxing in an oil bath at 65 ℃, then adding 1-chlorobutane, carrying out condensation reflux reaction for 12 hours under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the molar ratio of the 4-aminopyridine to the 1-chlorobutane is 1:1.5, and obtaining the 4-amino-1-butylpyridinium chloride ionic liquid. The synthesis method is simple, and the yield and the purity are high.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the graphene oxide-glass fiber-pyridine ionic liquid composite material, which comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing 1-10 g of graphite powder and 1-1 x 103mixing mL of strong oxidizing acid, treating for 3-6 hours under the ultrasonic wave of 60-80 kHz, heating to 60-90 ℃, and adding 1-10 parts of strong oxidizing acid3g, stirring and refluxing the dried glass fiber, reacting for 12-48 hours, performing centrifugal separation, washing the solid to be neutral by using water, and performing vacuum drying at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain the carboxylated graphene oxide-glass fiber composite material;
s2, adding the carboxylated graphene oxide-glass fiber composite material obtained in the step S1 to 0.01 mol.L-1In NaOH solution, the solid-to-liquid ratio is (1.5-1.8) mg: 1mL, stirring for 2h, centrifuging, washing the solid with water to neutrality, and vacuum drying at 60 ℃ to obtain the alkalized graphene oxide-glass fiber composite material;
s3, adding the 4-amino-1-butylpyridinium chloride ionic liquid and the alkalized carboxylated graphene oxide-glass fiber composite material into water according to the mass ratio of 1:10-15, stirring and reacting at 40 ℃ for 1h, centrifugally separating, washing solids with water, and then drying in vacuum at 60 ℃ to obtain the graphene oxide-glass fiber composite material.
The graphene oxide-glass fiber-pyridine ionic liquid composite material prepared by the method enables the surface of the glass fiber to be grafted with the graphene oxide-pyridine ionic liquid, so that the surface of the glass fiber is modified, the interface bonding strength between the glass fiber and resin can be improved, and the performances of concrete such as corrosion resistance, compressive strength and the like are improved; meanwhile, the good ductility of the graphene oxide can be utilized to improve the bending and pulling performance of the concrete, so that the performance of the concrete is further improved, and the service life of the concrete is prolonged; meanwhile, the carboxyl graphene oxide-glass fiber composite material is compounded with 4-amino-1-butylpyridinium chloride ionic liquid, so that the dispersion performance of the carboxyl graphene oxide-glass fiber composite material can be effectively improved, and the carboxyl graphene oxide-glass fiber composite material is more uniformly dispersed in a system;
furthermore, hydroxyl groups on two sides of the polyethylene glycol participate in epoxy resin curing, and a long polyethylene glycol chain has flexibility, so that the toughness of the cured epoxy resin can be improved, and the problems of cracks, breakage and the like generated after concrete is condensed are avoided; meanwhile, due to the interaction force of ionic bonds, covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds, Van der Waals force and the like among the components, the internal structure of the concrete is firmer, and the durability of the concrete is improved.
Preferably, the strong oxidizing acid is potassium permanganate and concentrated sulfuric acid, and the molar ratio of the potassium permanganate to the concentrated sulfuric acid is 1: 10-20, and mixing the potassium permanganate and the concentrated sulfuric acid according to a certain molar ratio to obtain the strong oxidizing acid required by the invention, so that the prepared carboxylated graphene oxide-glass fiber composite material achieves the optimal performance.
Preferably, the epoxy resin is formed by mixing amino epoxy resin and glycidyl ester type epoxy resin according to the weight ratio of 1: 0.5-1; the amino epoxy resin has high viscosity, the glycidyl ester type epoxy resin has low viscosity, and the amino epoxy resin and the glycidyl ester type epoxy resin are mixed according to a certain proportion to obtain the epoxy resin with the viscosity required by the invention; meanwhile, after the amino epoxy resin and the glycidyl ester type epoxy resin are condensed, the transparency is higher, and the light transmittance of the concrete can be ensured.
Wherein the curing agent is any one of cyclohexanone peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide and methyl ethyl ketone peroxide.
Preferably, the polyethylene glycol is prepared by mixing polyethylene glycol 20000 and polyethylene glycol 400 according to the weight ratio of 1: 1.5-2. Wherein, the polyethylene glycol 20000 is solid, has high viscosity and can play a role of an adhesive; the polyethylene glycol 400 is liquid, has low viscosity, has wide compatibility with various solvents, is a good solvent and solubilizer, and can improve the viscosity of a system and increase the compatibility of each component by mixing the polyethylene glycol 20000 and the polyethylene glycol 400 according to a certain proportion, so that the components are mixed more uniformly, and the workability of concrete is improved.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the high-durability concrete, which comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing all the raw materials according to the weight percentage, mixing the weighed epoxy resin, curing agent and polyethylene glycol, heating to 110-;
s2, putting the graphene oxide-glass fiber-pyridine ionic liquid composite material in the weight percentage into the resin sizing material, stirring for 10-30min, and uniformly mixing to prepare resin adhesive mortar;
s3, doping the glass particles with the weight percentage into the resin mortar, and stirring for 30-60min to obtain transparent concrete;
and S4, introducing the transparent concrete into a mold for compaction, standing at room temperature for curing and molding, and demolding to obtain the durable concrete test piece.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the invention, epoxy resin, a curing agent and glass particles are used as raw materials, and the graphene oxide-glass fiber-pyridine ionic liquid composite material and polyethylene glycol are added, so that the internal structure of the concrete is firmer due to the interaction force of ionic bonds, covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds, Van der Waals force and the like among the components, the compression resistance and durability of the concrete are improved, and the prepared concrete has the advantages of difficulty in cracking, good workability, high compression strength, good freezing resistance and the like.
(2) According to the invention, the graphene oxide-glass fiber-pyridine ionic liquid composite material is added in a matching manner, and the compressive strength of the concrete can be improved by using the modified glass fiber; the ionic liquid can enhance the pumpability of concrete in winter construction, improve the durability of concrete, has good solubility, can increase the compatibility among various components, and improves the workability of concrete; the graphene oxide can increase the bending and pulling performance of concrete, plays a role in gas isolation and water permeation, and can reduce the energy among interfaces of various components of a system and improve the workability of the concrete due to the amphipathy of the graphene oxide.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Reagents, methods and apparatus used in the present invention are conventional in the art unless otherwise indicated.
As a preferred preparation method, the preparation method of the 4-amino-1-butylpyridinium chloride ionic liquid is as follows: dissolving 4-aminopyridine in acetonitrile, heating and refluxing in an oil bath at 65 ℃, adding 1-chlorobutane, wherein the molar ratio of the 4-aminopyridine to the 1-chlorobutane is 1:1.5, and carrying out condensation reflux reaction for 12h under the protection of nitrogen to obtain the 4-amino-1-butylpyridinium chloride ionic liquid.
As a preferred preparation method, the preparation method of the high-durability concrete comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing all the raw materials according to the weight percentage, mixing the weighed epoxy resin, curing agent and polyethylene glycol, heating to 110-;
s2, putting the graphene oxide-glass fiber-pyridine ionic liquid composite material in the weight percentage into the resin sizing material, stirring for 10-30min, and uniformly mixing to prepare resin adhesive mortar;
s3, doping the glass particles with the weight percentage into the resin mortar, and stirring for 30-60min to obtain transparent concrete;
and S4, introducing the transparent concrete into a mold for compaction, standing at room temperature for curing and molding, and demolding to obtain the durable concrete test piece.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
The preparation method of the 4-amino-1-butylpyridinium chloride ionic liquid comprises the following steps: dissolving 4-aminopyridine in acetonitrile, heating and refluxing in an oil bath at 65 ℃, adding 1-chlorobutane, wherein the molar ratio of the 4-aminopyridine to the 1-chlorobutane is 1:1.5, and carrying out condensation reflux reaction for 12h under the protection of nitrogen to obtain the 4-amino-1-butylpyridinium chloride ionic liquid.
The preparation method of the graphene oxide-glass fiber-pyridine ionic liquid composite material comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing 1g of graphite powder, mixing with 50mL of strong oxidizing acid, treating for 4 hours under 80kHz ultrasonic wave, heating to 80 ℃, adding 100g of dried glass fiber, stirring, refluxing, reacting for 24 hours, centrifuging, washing the solid to be neutral by water, and drying in vacuum at 60 ℃ to obtain the carboxylated graphene oxide-glass fiber composite material;
s2, adding the carboxylated graphene oxide-glass fiber composite material obtained in the step S1 to 0.01 mol.L-1In NaOH solution, the solid-to-liquid ratio is 1.5 mg: 1mL, stirring for 2h, centrifuging, washing the solid with water to neutrality, and vacuum drying at 60 ℃ to obtain the alkalized graphene oxide-glass fiber composite material;
s3, adding the 4-amino-1-butylpyridinium chloride ionic liquid and the alkalized carboxylated graphene oxide-glass fiber composite material into water according to the mass ratio of 1:15, stirring and reacting for 1h at 40 ℃, centrifugally separating, washing solids with water, and then drying in vacuum at 60 ℃ to obtain the graphene oxide-glass fiber composite material.
The strong oxidizing acid is potassium permanganate and concentrated sulfuric acid, and the molar ratio is 1: 20 are mixed together.
The high-durability concrete is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 30% of epoxy resin; 2% of a curing agent; 52% of glass particles; 8% of graphene oxide-glass fiber-pyridine ionic liquid composite material; 8 percent of polyethylene glycol.
The epoxy resin is formed by mixing epoxy resin AFG-90 and epoxy resin TDE-85 according to the weight ratio of 1: 0.5; the curing agent is cyclohexanone peroxide; the polyethylene glycol is prepared by mixing polyethylene glycol 20000 and polyethylene glycol 400 according to the weight ratio of 1: 1.5.
The preparation method of the durable concrete comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing all the raw materials according to the weight percentage, mixing the weighed epoxy resin, curing agent and polyethylene glycol, heating to 150 ℃, and stirring to completely dissolve the epoxy resin, curing agent and polyethylene glycol to form a transparent solution, thereby obtaining a resin sizing material;
s2, putting the graphene oxide-glass fiber-pyridine ionic liquid composite material in the weight percentage into the resin glue stock, stirring for 20min, and uniformly mixing to prepare resin glue mortar;
s3, doping the glass particles with the weight percentage into the resin mortar, and stirring for 40min to obtain transparent concrete;
and S4, introducing the transparent concrete into a mold for compaction, standing at room temperature for curing and molding, and demolding to obtain the durable concrete test piece.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a high-durability concrete, which is different from the concrete in embodiment 1 in that the concrete is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 25% of epoxy resin; 1% of a curing agent; 54% of glass particles; 10% of graphene oxide-glass fiber-pyridine ionic liquid composite material; 10 percent of polyethylene glycol.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a high-durability concrete, which is different from the concrete in embodiment 1 in that the concrete is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 35% of epoxy resin; 5% of a curing agent; 45% of glass particles; 5% of graphene oxide-glass fiber-pyridine ionic liquid composite material; 10 percent of polyethylene glycol.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a high-durability concrete, which is different from the concrete in embodiment 1 in that the concrete is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 35% of epoxy resin; 5% of a curing agent; 40% of glass particles; 10% of graphene oxide-glass fiber-pyridine ionic liquid composite material; 10 percent of polyethylene glycol.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a high-durability concrete, which is different from the concrete in embodiment 1 in that the concrete is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 30% of epoxy resin; 5% of a curing agent; 55% of glass particles; 5% of graphene oxide-glass fiber-pyridine ionic liquid composite material; 5 percent of polyethylene glycol.
Example 6
The embodiment provides a high-durability concrete, which is different from the concrete in embodiment 1 in that the preparation method of the graphene oxide-glass fiber-pyridine ionic liquid composite material comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing 1g of graphite powder, mixing with 200mL of strong oxidizing acid, treating for 3 hours under 60kHz ultrasonic wave, heating to 60 ℃, adding 1g of dried glass fiber, stirring, refluxing, reacting for 12 hours, centrifugally separating, washing the solid to be neutral with water, and drying in vacuum at 60 ℃ to obtain the carboxylated graphene oxide-glass fiber composite material;
s2, adding the carboxylated graphene oxide-glass fiber composite material obtained in the step S1 to 0.01 mol.L-1In NaOH solution, the solid-to-liquid ratio is 1.8 mg: 1mL, stirring for 2h, centrifuging, washing the solid with water to neutrality, and vacuum drying at 60 ℃ to obtain the alkalized graphene oxide-glass fiber composite material;
s3, adding the 4-amino-1-butylpyridinium chloride ionic liquid and the alkalized carboxylated graphene oxide-glass fiber composite material into water according to the mass ratio of 1:10, stirring and reacting for 1h at 40 ℃, centrifugally separating, washing solids with water, and then drying in vacuum at 60 ℃ to obtain the graphene oxide-glass fiber composite material.
The strong oxidizing acid is potassium permanganate and concentrated sulfuric acid, and the molar ratio is 1:10 are mixed together.
Example 7
The embodiment provides a high-durability concrete, which is different from the concrete in embodiment 1 in that the preparation method of the graphene oxide-glass fiber-pyridine ionic liquid composite material comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing 1g of graphite powder and 10g of graphite powder3mixing mL of strong oxidizing acid, treating under 70kHz ultrasonic wave for 6 hours, heating to 90 ℃, adding 1000g of dry glass fiber, and stirringCarrying out flow reaction for 48 hours, carrying out centrifugal separation, washing the solid to be neutral by water, and carrying out vacuum drying at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain the carboxylated graphene oxide-glass fiber composite material;
s2, adding the carboxylated graphene oxide-glass fiber composite material obtained in the step S1 to 0.01 mol.L-1In NaOH solution, the solid-to-liquid ratio is 1.5 mg: 1mL, stirring for 2h, centrifuging, washing the solid with water to neutrality, and vacuum drying at 60 ℃ to obtain the alkalized graphene oxide-glass fiber composite material;
s3, adding the 4-amino-1-butylpyridinium chloride ionic liquid and the alkalized carboxylated graphene oxide-glass fiber composite material into water according to the mass ratio of 1:10, stirring and reacting for 1h at 40 ℃, centrifugally separating, washing solids with water, and then drying in vacuum at 60 ℃ to obtain the graphene oxide-glass fiber composite material.
The strong oxidizing acid is potassium permanganate and concentrated sulfuric acid, and the molar ratio is 1:15 are mixed together.
Example 8
This example provides a high durability concrete, which is different from example 1 in that the polyethylene glycol is 20000 and 400, which are mixed in a weight ratio of 1: 2.
Example 9
This example provides a high durability concrete, which is different from example 1 in that the epoxy resin is a mixture of epoxy resin AFG-90 and epoxy resin TDE-85 at a weight ratio of 1:1.
Example 10
This example provides a high durability concrete, which is different from example 1 in that the high durability concrete is prepared by a conventional method, specifically the following method: and mixing the epoxy resin, the curing agent, the glass particles, the graphene oxide-glass fiber-pyridine ionic liquid composite material and the polyethylene glycol according to the weight percentage, uniformly stirring, discharging, pouring and molding.
Comparative example 1
The embodiment provides a high-durability concrete, which is different from the concrete in embodiment 1 in that the concrete is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 30% of epoxy resin; 2% of a curing agent; 45% of glass particles; 23 percent of polyethylene glycol.
Comparative example 2
The embodiment provides a high-durability concrete, which is different from the concrete in embodiment 1 in that the concrete is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 20% of epoxy resin; 8% of a curing agent; 56% of glass particles; 12% of graphene oxide-pyridine ionic liquid composite material; 4% of polyethylene glycol;
the preparation method of the graphene oxide-pyridine ionic liquid composite material comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing 1g of graphite powder, mixing with 50mL of strong oxidizing acid, treating for 4 hours under 80kHz ultrasonic wave, heating to 80 ℃, stirring, refluxing, reacting for 24 hours, centrifugally separating, washing the solid to be neutral with water, and drying in vacuum at 60 ℃ to obtain carboxylated graphene oxide;
s2, adding the carboxylated graphene oxide obtained in the step S1 into a 0.01 mol.L-1 NaOH solution, wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio is 1.5 mg: 1mL, stirring for 2h, centrifuging, washing the solid with water to neutrality, and vacuum drying at 60 ℃ to obtain the alkalized graphene oxide;
s3, adding the 4-amino-1-butylpyridinium chloride ionic liquid and the carboxylated graphene oxide in an alkalized form into water according to the mass ratio of 1:15, stirring and reacting at 40 ℃ for 1h, performing centrifugal separation, washing the solid with water, and then performing vacuum drying at 60 ℃ to obtain the graphene oxide.
Comparative example 3
The embodiment provides a high-durability concrete, which is different from the concrete in embodiment 1 in that the concrete is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 30% of epoxy resin; 2% of a curing agent; 45% of glass particles; 15% of carboxylated graphene oxide-glass fiber composite material; 8 percent of polyethylene glycol.
Comparative example 4
This example provides a highly durable concrete, which is different from example 1 in that polyethylene glycol 20000 and polyethylene glycol 400 are mixed in a weight ratio of 2: 1.
Comparative example 5
This example provides a high durability concrete, which is different from example 1 in that the epoxy resin is a mixture of epoxy resin AFG-90 and epoxy resin TDE-85 at a weight ratio of 1: 2.
Comparative example 6
This example provides a high durability concrete, which is different from example 1 in that the heating temperature in step S1 is 150 ℃.
Application example 1
Testing the compressive strength and the flexural strength according to GB/T50081-2002 Standard of Experimental methods for mechanical Properties of ordinary concrete, wherein a compressive strength test piece is a cube of 100mm multiplied by 100mm, and a flexural strength test piece is a prism of 100mm multiplied by 400 mm; testing the durability of the concrete by testing the chloride ion permeation resistance by a chloride ion migration coefficient (RCM method); and (3) carrying out light transmittance test in an open dark box by using a solar tester: light transmittance (irradiance when no test piece is placed-irradiance when a test piece is placed-irradiance with the opening completely shielded)/irradiance when no test piece is placed. The test results are shown in the table below, and the experimental results can show that the durable concrete obtained under the optimal preparation conditions of the invention has higher compressive and flexural strength, durability and excellent light transmittance.
The embodiments 1 to 10 are high-durability concrete prepared by changing various parameters within the range, and the embodiments can meet the design requirements of standard concrete mix proportion compressive strength, flexural strength, light transmittance and durability, wherein the performance of the embodiment 1 is optimal; examples 2-5 change the weight percentage of each raw material of the formula (increase or decrease) of the invention, the compressive strength, flexural strength, light transmittance and durability of the prepared durable concrete are slightly different, but still have higher performance; embodiments 6 to 7 are that the preparation method of the graphene oxide-glass fiber-pyridine ionic liquid composite material is changed within the scope of the invention, and the compressive strength, the flexural strength, the light transmittance and the durability of the prepared durable concrete are slightly reduced, but the durable concrete still has higher performance; in examples 8 to 9, the compressive strength, the flexural strength, the light transmittance and the durability of the prepared durable concrete are reduced by changing the mixing ratio of the polyethylene glycol and the epoxy resin; the durable concrete in the embodiment 10 is prepared by a conventional method, and the compressive strength, the light transmittance and the durability of the durable concrete are all reduced, but the construction requirements of a photovoltaic pavement can still be met.
The graphene oxide-glass fiber-pyridine ionic liquid composite material is not added to the durable concrete in the comparative example 1, so that the compressive strength, the flexural strength, the light transmittance and the durability of the prepared durable concrete are remarkably reduced, and the graphene oxide-glass fiber-pyridine ionic liquid composite material plays a key role in improving the durability of the concrete; the durable concrete composite material in the comparative example 2 has no glass fiber, and the compressive strength, the flexural strength, the light transmittance and the durability of the prepared durable concrete are all obviously reduced; comparative example 3 the composite material is not compounded with the pyridine ionic liquid, the compressive strength, the flexural strength, the light transmittance and the durability of the prepared durable concrete are all reduced, particularly the chloride ion diffusion coefficient is remarkably increased, which shows that the pyridine ionic liquid plays an important role in improving the durability of the concrete; comparative example 4 changes the weight ratio of the polyethylene glycol composition, and the compressive strength, the flexural strength, the light transmittance and the durability of the prepared durable concrete are all reduced, which shows that the polyethylene glycol is mixed according to the weight ratio of the invention, so that the viscosity of the system can be improved, the compatibility of each component can be increased, the components are mixed more uniformly, and the workability of the concrete is improved; comparative example 5 changes the weight ratio of the epoxy resin composition, and the compressive strength, the flexural strength, the light transmittance and the durability of the prepared durable concrete are all reduced, which shows that the amino epoxy resin and the glycidyl ester type epoxy resin have higher transparency after being condensed according to the ratio of the invention, and can ensure the compressive strength, the flexural strength, the light transmittance and the durability of the concrete; comparative example 6 the compressive strength, flexural strength, light transmittance and durability of the prepared durable concrete were significantly reduced by changing the heating temperature during the preparation of the durable concrete.
In summary, changing the formula (increasing or decreasing) or changing the experimental conditions in the preparation method of the present invention will affect the efficacy of each component, which is not favorable for the best effect. The invention has reasonable and scientific compatibility, and the components cooperate with each other to achieve the best compression resistance, bending resistance and light transmission effects, improve the durability of the concrete and prolong the service life of the concrete.
While the invention has been described with respect to specific embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing and other changes, omissions and deviations in the form and detail thereof may be made without departing from the scope of this invention. Those skilled in the art should appreciate that they can readily use the disclosed conception and specific embodiments as a basis for designing or modifying other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention; meanwhile, any equivalent changes, modifications and alterations of the above embodiments according to the spirit and techniques of the present invention are also within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The high-durability concrete is characterized by being prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 25-35% of epoxy resin; 1-5% of a curing agent; 40-55% of glass particles; 5-10% of graphene oxide-glass fiber-pyridine ionic liquid composite material; 5-10% of polyethylene glycol; the pyridine ionic liquid in the graphene oxide-glass fiber-pyridine ionic liquid composite material is 4-amino-1-butylpyridinium chloride ionic liquid.
2. The concrete with high durability as claimed in claim 1, wherein the 4-amino-1-butylpyridinium chloride ionic liquid is prepared by the following method: dissolving 4-aminopyridine in acetonitrile, heating and refluxing in an oil bath at 65 ℃, adding 1-chlorobutane, wherein the molar ratio of the 4-aminopyridine to the 1-chlorobutane is 1:1.5, and carrying out condensation reflux reaction for 12h under the protection of nitrogen to obtain the 4-amino-1-butylpyridinium chloride ionic liquid.
3. The high durability concrete according to claim 2, wherein: the preparation method of the graphene oxide-glass fiber-pyridine ionic liquid composite material comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing 1-10 g of graphite powder and 1-1 x 103mixing mL of strong oxidizing acid, treating for 3-6 hours under the ultrasonic wave of 60-80 kHz, heating to 60-90 ℃, and adding 1-10 parts of strong oxidizing acid3g, stirring and refluxing the dried glass fiber, reacting for 12-48 hours, performing centrifugal separation, washing the solid to be neutral by using water, and performing vacuum drying at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain the carboxylated graphene oxide-glass fiber composite material; wherein, the strong oxidizing acid is potassium permanganate and concentrated sulfuric acid, and the molar ratio is 1: 10-20 by mixing;
s2, adding the carboxylated graphene oxide-glass fiber composite material obtained in the step S1 to 0.01 mol.L-1In NaOH solution, the solid-to-liquid ratio is (1.5-1.8) mg: 1mL, stirring for 2h, centrifuging, washing the solid with water to neutrality, and vacuum drying at 60 ℃ to obtain the alkalized graphene oxide-glass fiber composite material;
s3, adding the 4-amino-1-butylpyridinium chloride ionic liquid and the alkalized carboxylated graphene oxide-glass fiber composite material into water according to the mass ratio of 1:10-15, stirring and reacting at 40 ℃ for 1h, centrifugally separating, washing solids with water, and then drying in vacuum at 60 ℃ to obtain the graphene oxide-glass fiber composite material.
4. The concrete according to claim 1, wherein the epoxy resin is a mixture of amino epoxy resin and glycidyl ester type epoxy resin in a weight ratio of 1: 0.5-1.
5. The concrete according to claim 1, wherein the polyethylene glycol is prepared by mixing polyethylene glycol 20000 and polyethylene glycol 400 in a weight ratio of 1: 1.5-2.
6. The method for preparing a high durability concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
s1, weighing all the raw materials according to the weight percentage, mixing the weighed epoxy resin, curing agent and polyethylene glycol, heating to 110-;
s2, putting the graphene oxide-glass fiber-pyridine ionic liquid composite material in the weight percentage into the resin sizing material, stirring for 10-30min, and uniformly mixing to prepare resin adhesive mortar;
s3, doping the glass particles with the weight percentage into the resin adhesive mortar, and stirring for 30-60min to obtain transparent concrete;
and S4, introducing the transparent concrete into a mold to be compacted, standing at room temperature for curing and molding, and demolding to obtain the high-durability concrete.
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