CN108852413B - Ultrasonic pulse detection probe and detection method based on multi-aperture coupling piece - Google Patents
Ultrasonic pulse detection probe and detection method based on multi-aperture coupling piece Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
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- 206010033675 panniculitis Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 210000004304 subcutaneous tissue Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 210000000707 wrist Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 210000004204 blood vessel Anatomy 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002592 echocardiography Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/02—Measuring pulse or heart rate
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/42—Details of probe positioning or probe attachment to the patient
- A61B8/4272—Details of probe positioning or probe attachment to the patient involving the acoustic interface between the transducer and the tissue
- A61B8/4281—Details of probe positioning or probe attachment to the patient involving the acoustic interface between the transducer and the tissue characterised by sound-transmitting media or devices for coupling the transducer to the tissue
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/44—Constructional features of the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic device
- A61B8/4444—Constructional features of the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic device related to the probe
Abstract
The invention discloses an ultrasonic pulse detection probe and a detection method based on a multi-aperture coupling piece. The probe is characterized in that a multi-aperture coupling piece is assembled on an ultrasonic probe, the multi-aperture coupling piece is fixed on the ultrasonic probe through a base, a plurality of rows of apertures are fixed on the base, the apertures are different in height, and the surface of the coupling piece is tightly attached to the wrist opening by using a coupling agent. Pulse signals sent by the ultrasonic probe reach different detection points of the vascular wall through different apertures and subcutaneous tissues and generate reflection, and each reflection echo sequentially reaches the ultrasonic probe through each aperture, so that delay introduced by ultrasonic waves passing through the apertures in propagation is different. The invention separates the ultrasonic echo passing through each aperture by utilizing the delay difference, and identifies echo signals at different positions; the position of a detection point is obtained through propagation delay estimation of subcutaneous tissue, the position change of each detection point is obtained through detection for a plurality of times in one pulse period, and the pulse position and waveform of three pulses of the upper cun, the off cun and the ulnar of the vascular wall are determined according to a local amplitude maximum strategy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention mainly relates to the technical field of pulse detection, in particular to an ultrasonic pulse detection probe and method based on a multi-aperture coupling piece.
Background
The pulse is an arterial pulse which can be touched by the body surface, is formed by the transmission of heart pulse along arterial blood vessels and blood flow to the periphery, and the information in aspects of morphology, intensity, speed, rhythm and the like is displayed to reflect a plurality of physiological and pathological characteristics of the cardiovascular system of the human body. In addition, the floating and sinking of pulse has important reference value in clinical diagnosis of traditional Chinese medicine.
Pulse diagnosis is a unique disease diagnosis method in traditional Chinese medicine, wherein the cunkou pulse comprises cunkou ulnar three pulse, the cunkou is defined by the styloid process of radius of two hands, the cunkou is the cun before the cun, and the ulnar after the cun is the cun, so that three fingers are pressed and cut. The heart rate of a human body in a resting state is generally 60-100 times/min, namely, the pulse time interval between two adjacent times is more than 0.6s. The Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) of an ultrasonic probe is the number of ultrasonic pulses emitted by the ultrasonic probe per second, and if the PRF of the probe is greater than 170Hz, 100 detections can be performed within 0.6s of a single pulse time to obtain 100 positions of the pulse at the detection point, and the detected positions are plotted and connected by a curve on a time axis to obtain the pulse wave waveform at the detection point. However, pulse detection with existing single ultrasound transducers requires accurate positioning and can only detect one pulse wave at a time.
At present, methods for noninvasively detecting pulse waves at home and abroad are mainly divided into detection methods based on pressure waves and detection methods based on volume pulse waves. However, these methods do not directly detect pulse waves, and there are insufficient detection information or more information loss, and there are disadvantages in use.
Ultrasound has been used in the medical field for almost a century, and long-term clinical use has demonstrated that ultrasound within the rated power range has no adverse effects on the human body. The ultrasonic transducer is adopted on the body surface to measure pulse pressure, pulse blood flow speed and the like, so that pulse waves can be qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed; the use of doppler transducers allows the measurement of pulsatile blood flow, see in particular patent US 6511436B1. The prior study utilizes ultrasonic transducer to detect the change of parameters such as pressure or blood flow velocity of a pulse wave, and the provided information quantity is limited. If the change of the pulse positions of the three pulses at the cun-kou is continuously detected by utilizing the ultrasonic, the complete cun-kou pulse wave and the relative position thereof can be obtained by adopting a back-end data processing technology, the time domain and the frequency domain can be analyzed, the signal characteristics in the pulse wave can be extracted, and the sinking-floating relation of different pulses at the cun-kou can be judged, so that more cardiovascular characteristic information is collected.
Ultrasonic imaging technology uses ultrasonic beam to scan human body, and obtains images of internal organs through receiving and processing reflected signals. However, the implementation of three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging by using an array probe faces the problems of complex technology, high cost and the like, and in order to ensure the imaging precision, the subsequent algorithm becomes more complex, and more technical means are needed for matching; the single ultrasonic probe can only obtain a one-dimensional pulse pattern, the requirement on probe positioning is high, the positions of three pulses of the cun-guan ruler are relatively close, three probes are used for detecting the three pulses simultaneously, signals sent by the probes can cause crosstalk among the probes, and the subsequent signal processing difficulty is increased as a result.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ultrasonic pulse detection probe based on a multi-aperture coupling piece, which realizes synchronous detection of three pulse waves of cunkou pulse.
The object of the invention is achieved by at least one of the following technical solutions.
An ultrasonic pulse detection probe based on a multi-aperture coupling piece comprises a multi-aperture coupling piece, an ultrasonic probe, a probe driving circuit and a power supply; the multi-aperture coupling piece comprises an aperture and a base, and the aperture is fixed on the base; the multi-aperture coupling piece is fixed on the surface of the ultrasonic probe through the base, the other surface of the ultrasonic probe is connected with the driving circuit, and the power supply is connected from the probe driving circuit; the ultrasonic waves emitted by the ultrasonic probe reach the detection point of the blood vessel wall through the multi-aperture coupling piece and the subcutaneous tissue.
When in use, the aperture surface can be tightly attached to the wrist cun-kou by using the couplant and fixed by using the binding tape. The probe driving circuit generates an electric signal and then drives the probe to emit ultrasonic waves, and the ultrasonic waves inevitably introduce different delays after passing through each aperture. The ultrasonic wave after passing through each aperture is continuously transmitted into subcutaneous tissue, and is reflected due to density change after encountering a detection point of a blood vessel wall, so that an ultrasonic echo is formed, and the ultrasonic echo is transmitted out of the subcutaneous tissue, enters the aperture again, and finally reaches the probe.
Further, the ultrasonic probe is elliptical or rounded rectangle.
Further, a plurality of cylindrical or square cylindrical apertures (i.e. cylindrical components for transmitting ultrasound) are fixed on the base, the heights of each aperture are different, and the aperture surface is tightly attached to the wrist opening by using a couplant.
Further, the power supply is connected with a power line or is powered by a battery.
Further, the aperture is made of plastic, rubber or sound-transmitting material.
The detection method of the ultrasonic pulse detection probe based on the multi-aperture coupling piece comprises the following specific steps: the ultrasonic wave sent by the ultrasonic probe reaches a plurality of detection points of the vascular wall through different apertures and subcutaneous tissues and generates reflection, and each reflection echo passes through each aperture again after being transmitted from the subcutaneous tissues and sequentially reaches the ultrasonic probe; the delay is introduced into the propagation of the ultrasonic signals passing through each aperture, the delay is different due to different aperture heights, the ultrasonic echoes passing through each aperture can be distinguished at the receiving end by utilizing the difference of the ultrasonic echo delay, the echo signals at different positions are identified, and the simultaneous detection of multiple points is realized.
In the detection method, the ultrasonic echo delay transmitted and received through different apertures consists of two parts, namely propagation delay in the apertures and propagation delay in subcutaneous tissues, and the positions of detection points below each aperture can be obtained by estimating the propagation delay of the subcutaneous tissues.
Further, in the detection method, ultrasonic detection is performed on each detection point for multiple times in one pulse period, so that the position change of each detection point in one pulse period can be obtained, the positions and waveforms of three pulses at the cun-kou position of the wrist can be determined simultaneously according to a local amplitude maximum strategy (three waveforms with the largest local amplitude are selected as cunkou pulses), and the pulse waveforms and relative positions of the cunkou pulse, the guan pulse and the chi pulse are determined.
Compared with ultrasonic waves transmitted by an ultrasonic probe, the ultrasonic echoes transmitted and received by different apertures generate different delays, the delays consist of two parts of propagation delays in the apertures and subcutaneous tissues, the delays generate obvious differences due to different aperture heights, and the ultrasonic echoes at different positions can be distinguished by utilizing the differences of the ultrasonic echo delays and a specific mathematical method, so that the simultaneous detection of multiple points is realized; the position of each detection point under each aperture can be obtained by estimating the propagation delay of subcutaneous tissue. If the ultrasonic detection is carried out on each detection point for a plurality of times in one pulse period, the position change of each detection point in one pulse period can be obtained, and the positions and waveforms of three cunkou veins on the blood vessel wall can be simultaneously determined according to the local amplitude maximum strategy. Therefore, the ultrasonic probe adopting the multi-aperture coupling piece can obtain pulses of a plurality of detection points of the vessel wall below the probe, the position of the probe does not need to be repeatedly adjusted to accurately position before detection, and the simultaneous detection of three pulses of the cunguan ruler is realized.
In order to realize synchronous detection of three pulses of the cunkou pulse, the invention provides a detection method of an ultrasonic pulse detection probe based on a multi-aperture coupling piece. By adopting a short pulse ultrasonic signal for detection, the impulse response of the ultrasonic transmitting probe can be simulated into a Gaussian model, and ultrasonic pulse echoes reaching the probe after passing through different apertures can be expressed as follows:
where n is the number of apertures in the multi-aperture coupling, μ k Is the amplitude of the ultrasonic echo signal propagated through aperture k, τ k Is the delay of the ultrasonic echo signal propagating through the aperture k,is phase, omega c Is the center angular frequency.
It can be seen that the ultrasonic echo is composed of a series of Gaussian model signals with delay, and the receiving end can cross-correlate the reference signal x (t) with the received signal, as follows
R yx (τ)＝y(t)x * (t-τ)dt
Obtaining R yx After (tau) finding out its multiple local maximum values, the delay tau of the ultrasonic echo signal can be obtained 1 、τ 2 ，...,τ n . For the ultrasound echo signals received from each aperture, its delay τ k Is formed by ultrasonic wave at aperture height l k Internal propagation delay and ultrasonic propagation delay d in subcutaneous tissue k Two parts. Wherein l k It is known that the propagation speed of ultrasonic waves in the aperture k is assumed to beThe delay of the ultrasound wave in the aperture is +.>Can be estimated, ++> According to d k The position of the detection spot on the vessel wall can be estimated.
In the time of each pulse period, the ultrasonic probe can perform multiple detection through the transmission and the reception of ultrasonic waves to obtain multiple positions of the detection point in the whole pulse period, and the pulse waves of the blood vessel wall at the current detection point can be obtained by connecting the positions, so that the pulse detection is realized. The waveform of three cunkou pulses on the wall of the blood vessel can be determined simultaneously according to the maximum strategy of the local amplitude, and the pulse wave and the relative position of three cunkou pulses can be determined according to the detection position of the cunkou pulse.
The ultrasonic pulse detection probe and the detection method based on the multi-aperture coupling piece provided by the invention have the following advantages:
1. the invention designs a multi-aperture coupling piece, wherein a plurality of apertures with different heights are formed in the multi-aperture coupling piece; the multi-aperture coupling piece is arranged on the ultrasonic probe to realize simultaneous detection of pulse waves at a plurality of positions, solve the problem that the pulse detection of a single probe needs accurate positioning, and have the characteristics of simple structure, convenient use, low cost and the like;
2. the invention realizes pulse detection by utilizing the ultrasonic probe based on the multi-aperture coupling piece, can simultaneously obtain the waveforms and the relative positions of three pulses at the cunkou, has rich and complete characteristic information, and is beneficial to the later time/frequency characteristic extraction and characteristic analysis.
3. The probe is provided with a multi-aperture coupling piece on a single ultrasonic probe, the multi-aperture coupling piece is fixed on the probe through a base, a plurality of apertures with different heights are manufactured on the base, and different delays are necessarily introduced after ultrasonic waves emitted by the ultrasonic probe pass through each aperture. The ultrasonic wave passing through each aperture is continuously transmitted into subcutaneous tissues, reflection is generated when the ultrasonic wave meets the blood vessel walls with different densities, and the ultrasonic wave echo is transmitted out of the subcutaneous tissues, enters each aperture again and finally reaches the probe. The ultrasonic echo delay transmitted and received by different apertures consists of propagation delay in the apertures and propagation delay in subcutaneous tissues, the delay generates obvious difference due to different aperture heights, and ultrasonic echoes at different positions can be distinguished by utilizing the difference of the echo delay and a specific mathematical method, so that the simultaneous detection of multiple points is realized; the position of the detection point can be obtained through estimation of subcutaneous tissue propagation delay, the position change of the detection point in one pulse period can be obtained through multiple times of ultrasonic detection, and the positions and waveforms of three pulse waves can be determined according to the strategy of maximum local amplitude. Compared with a pulse detection method of a single probe or an array probe, the probe has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, safe use and the like, can simultaneously obtain pulse waveforms and relative positions of the cun, guan and chi pulses, has rich pulse information, and can be widely used in the fields of pulse monitoring, remote physical examination, auxiliary diagnosis and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an ultrasonic pulse detection probe structure based on a multi-aperture coupling.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a pulse detection method based on a multi-aperture coupling ultrasonic pulse detection probe.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides an ultrasonic pulse detection probe based on a multi-aperture coupling piece. An ultrasonic probe is provided with a multi-aperture coupling member which is fixed on the probe through a base 101, the base can be elliptical, round rectangular or the like, a plurality of rows of cylindrical or square cylindrical apertures 102 are formed in the base of the multi-aperture coupling member, the heights of the apertures are different and the height values of the apertures are known, and the apertures are made of plastic, rubber or other sound-transmitting materials. When the ultrasonic pulse detection probe based on the multi-aperture coupling piece is used, a coupling agent is smeared at the cun-kou position of the wrist, the multi-aperture coupling piece on the ultrasonic probe is clung to the cun-kou position of the wrist and fixed by a binding belt, ultrasonic waves (generated by a driving circuit 104) emitted by an ultrasonic probe 103 (PRF=100 Hz) reach detection points below through different apertures, and the ultrasonic pulse detection probe based on the multi-aperture coupling piece can be powered by adopting a power line 105 or a battery.
As shown in fig. 2, the invention provides an ultrasonic pulse detection method based on a multi-aperture coupling element, which utilizes the ultrasonic pulse detection probe based on the multi-aperture coupling element to emit short pulse ultrasonic waves and receive ultrasonic echoes, wherein a plurality of apertures introduce different delays, and the positions of blood vessel walls at different detection points are analyzed and distinguished by adopting subsequent signal processing; in the time of each pulse period, the ultrasonic probe can carry out detection for at least 60 times through the transceiving of ultrasonic waves to obtain a plurality of detection positions of the detection point in the whole pulse period, and if the detection positions are connected, the pulse wave of the current detection point can be obtained; finally, the position and waveform of three cunkou pulses can be determined simultaneously according to the local amplitude maximum strategy. The specific implementation steps are as follows:
step 1: ultrasonic wave emission, namely emitting short pulse ultrasonic waves by using an ultrasonic pulse detection probe based on a multi-aperture coupling piece;
step 2: the ultrasonic echo is received, the impulse response of the ultrasonic transmitting probe can be simulated into a Gaussian model, and the ultrasonic pulse echo reaching the probe after passing through different apertures can be expressed as
Wherein τ k The time delay of the ultrasonic echo signals received by the aperture k is different from the time delay of the ultrasonic echo signals received by different apertures;
step 3: estimating τ for different locations by signal processing k The receiving end can cross-correlate the reference signal x (t) with the received signal, which is as follows
R yx (τ)＝y(t)x * (t-τ)dt
Determining tau according to the result of the cross-correlation operation and the local maximum value thereof k ,＝1,2,…,；
Step 4: calculating propagation delay d of ultrasonic waves in subcutaneous tissue k For the ultrasound echo signals received from each aperture, τ k Is formed by ultrasonic wave at aperture height l k Propagation delay inAnd d k Two parts, wherein l k It is known that the propagation speed of the ultrasonic wave in the aperture k is assumed to be +.>Then->
Step 5: according to d k Estimating the position of the vessel wall at the detection point;
step 6: if the detection time is less than the pulse period, returning to the step 1; otherwise, go to step 7;
step 7: and obtaining pulse waves at the detection points according to the multiple detection results, calculating the amplitude of the pulse waves, selecting three waveforms with the largest local amplitude as cunkou pulses, and determining the waveforms and the relative positions of cunkou pulses, guan pulses and chi pulses according to the detection positions of the cunkou pulses.
Claims (6)
1. An ultrasonic pulse detection probe based on a multi-aperture coupling piece is characterized by comprising the multi-aperture coupling piece, an ultrasonic probe, a probe driving circuit and a power supply; the multi-aperture coupling piece comprises an aperture and a base, and the aperture is fixed on the base; the multi-aperture coupling piece is fixed on the surface of the ultrasonic probe through the base, the other surface of the ultrasonic probe is connected with the probe driving circuit, and the power supply is connected with the probe driving circuit; the ultrasonic wave emitted by the ultrasonic probe reaches the detection point of the vascular wall through the multi-aperture coupling piece and subcutaneous tissue; a plurality of cylindrical or square cylindrical apertures are fixed on the base, the heights of each aperture are different, and the surface of each aperture is tightly attached to the wrist opening by using a couplant; introducing delay in the propagation of ultrasonic signals passing through each aperture, wherein the delay is different due to different aperture heights; the ultrasonic echo passing through each aperture can be distinguished at the receiving end by utilizing the difference of the ultrasonic echo time delay, and echo signals at different positions are identified, so that the simultaneous detection of multiple points is realized; the ultrasonic echo delay transmitted and received by different apertures consists of two parts of propagation delay in the apertures and propagation delay of subcutaneous tissue, and the position of a detection point under each aperture can be obtained by estimating the propagation delay of the subcutaneous tissue.
2. The ultrasonic pulse detection probe based on the multi-aperture coupling according to claim 1, wherein: the ultrasonic probe is elliptical or rounded rectangle.
3. The ultrasonic pulse detection probe based on the multi-aperture coupling according to claim 1, wherein: the power supply is connected with a power line or is powered by a battery.
4. The ultrasonic pulse detection probe based on the multi-aperture coupling according to claim 1, wherein: the aperture is made of plastic, rubber or sound-transmitting material.
5. A detection method of the ultrasonic pulse detection probe based on the multi-aperture coupling piece according to claim 1, which is characterized in that ultrasonic waves emitted by the ultrasonic probe reach a plurality of detection points of a blood vessel wall through different apertures and subcutaneous tissues and generate reflection, and each reflection echo passes through each aperture again after being transmitted from the subcutaneous tissues and sequentially reaches the ultrasonic probe; the delay is introduced into the propagation of the ultrasonic signals of each aperture, the delay is different due to different aperture heights, the ultrasonic echoes passing through each aperture can be distinguished at a receiving end by utilizing the difference of the ultrasonic echo delay, the echo signals of different positions are identified, and the simultaneous detection of multiple points is realized; the ultrasonic echo delay transmitted and received by different apertures consists of two parts of propagation delay in the apertures and propagation delay of subcutaneous tissue, and the position of a detection point under each aperture can be obtained by estimating the propagation delay of the subcutaneous tissue.
6. The method for detecting ultrasonic pulse detection probes based on multi-aperture coupling members according to claim 5, wherein the method is characterized in that ultrasonic detection is carried out on each detection point for a plurality of times in one pulse period, the position change of each detection point in one pulse period can be obtained, the positions and waveforms of three pulses at the cun-kou position of the wrist can be determined simultaneously according to a local amplitude maximum strategy, and the pulse waveforms and relative positions of three pulses of cun, guan and chi are determined.
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| CN108852413A (en) | 2018-11-23 |
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