CN108850460A - 一种短乳杆菌饲料添加剂 - Google Patents
一种短乳杆菌饲料添加剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108850460A CN108850460A CN201810511848.9A CN201810511848A CN108850460A CN 108850460 A CN108850460 A CN 108850460A CN 201810511848 A CN201810511848 A CN 201810511848A CN 108850460 A CN108850460 A CN 108850460A
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- dried powder
- lactobacillus brevis
- sea
- blackcurrant
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Abstract
本发明一种短乳杆菌饲料添加剂,其特征是由短乳杆菌、沙棘冻干粉、刺梨冻干粉、酸浆冻干粉、黑加仑冻干粉、仙人掌冻干粉混合均匀,再添加余量的发酵蛋壳粉混合均匀,复合包装制成:在每1000g饲料添加剂中短乳杆菌30000个亿‑150000个亿,沙棘冻干粉5‑50g,刺梨冻干粉5‑50g、酸浆冻干粉3‑30g、黑加仑冻干粉3‑30g、仙人掌冻干粉50‑150g,其余为发酵蛋壳粉。本发明为单一型短乳杆菌饲料添加剂,且含活菌数明确,利于用户有明确的应用和量化选择。本发明利用沙棘、刺梨、酸浆、黑加仑、仙人掌冻干粉和发酵蛋壳粉作为添加剂的基质,不仅提高短乳杆菌添加剂的营养价值,同时促进动物的新陈代谢,提高机体的抗病能力,促进动物生长,最终提高其养殖业的经济效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于饲料添加剂领域,涉及一种用于养殖动物用益生菌饲料添加剂。具体涉及一种短乳杆菌饲料添加剂。
背景技术
乳酸菌(lactic acid bacteria,LAB) 目前已知的乳酸菌有100多个种。乳酸菌的应用历史非常悠久,如乳制品、泡菜、青贮饲料等的制作和生产。人和动物的肠道中存在着大量的乳酸菌。乳酸菌制剂是一种含有活乳酸菌的制剂,名为乳酶生。乳酸菌在肠道内生长发育,分解糖类生成乳酸而形成酸性环境,从而抑制肠道内有害细菌的增殖,并防止产毒和致病。制备乳酸菌制剂的菌种有嗜酸乳杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、乳链球菌和粪链球菌等。
乳酸杆菌属是动物(特别是家禽)肠道的正常定居者。家禽出壳后数小时内就可在肠道内发现散在的粪链球菌、肠细菌(Enterobateria)和梭状芽孢杆菌(Clostridia),在以后数天内乳酸杆菌便开始在消化道内定居。乳酸杆菌属是禽嗪囊菌群的主要菌属,与大肠杆菌、链球菌(Streptococi)相比占据优势。乳酸杆菌粘连于禽嗦囊上皮,这种粘连有种的特异性。禽嗪囊乳酸杆菌是家禽维持小肠细菌平衡的乳酸杆菌来源。乳酸杆菌在维持消化道的正常微生物群系的稳定方面起着决定性的作用。多数益生菌产品为乳酸杆菌属或其他产乳酸菌。
乳酸菌厌氧或兼性厌氧生长,在pH3.0-4.5酸性条件下仍能够生存。它在动物肠道中将单糖,特别是乳糖转化为乳酸,从而降低肠道pH,防止外来菌在肠道的定植,抑制大肠杆菌、沙门菌等病原菌的生长,并且最终抑制乳酸菌自身的生长。乳酸菌亦可通过调节肠道pH,以激活胃蛋白酶,促进胃肠蠕动,帮助食物的消化、吸收,减轻胀气和促进肝脏功能等。乳酸菌通过竞争性排斥作用(竞争结合位点)抑制病原菌的生长。乳酸菌还可刺激免疫系统,提高机体免疫力,提高肠组织对细菌侵袭的抵抗能力。一些乳酸杆菌能中和某些毒素,如保加利亚乳杆菌能中和大肠杆菌肠毒素,但确切机制尚不清楚。乳酸杆菌自身也可产生一些消化酶,如蔗糖酶、乳糖酶和肽酶等,有助于提高动物消化功能。Sawada报道,某些乳酸杆菌细胞壁中含有一种安全、有效的天然抗高血压化合物SG-1。朗仲武等于1994年在蛋雏鸡日粮中添加产酸型活菌制剂,结果饲料转化效率提高8.73%-11.23%;肖振锋等(1995)试验证明,产酸型活菌制剂较抗生素对照组相比,提高饲料转化效率4.6%。此外乳酸杆菌能够通过增加表面积提高小肠的消化功能。动物处在应激(如出生、断奶、日粮变化、肠道pH异常升高)期间,总的变化趋势是病原菌增多,乳酸杆菌数量减少。在肠道内成功建立乳酸菌群可使pH变得稳定。
乳酸菌的特点为:①是多种动物消化道主要的共生菌,能形成正常菌群:②在微需氧或厌氧条件下产生乳酸;③有较强耐酸性;④产生一种细菌素
(Bacteriocin),能有效抑制枯草杆菌、葡萄球菌的生长。乳酸菌的缺点是耐热能力差,65~75℃条件下死亡,饲料颗粒化过程中瞬间高温即可将其杀死而失效。此类菌的制剂种类繁多,应用最早、最广泛。
短乳杆菌(Lactobacillus brevis)美国食品药物管理局和饲料管理协会认为是安全的饲用微生物,在我国养殖业中有着较为广泛的应用。就目前短乳杆菌作为添加剂使用的剂型,有水剂和粉剂两大类,其水溶液剂型因菌体容易利用水剂中的营养性物质继续代谢,生长发酵,因此,这种剂型的菌体处于不稳定状态,保存期较短。粉剂剂型则是将活的菌体利用低温热风、冷冻等干燥手段,将菌体进行慢速脱水,使菌体处于稳定的干燥休眠状态,再利用可以饲用的物质作为填充物质混合均匀制成较为稳定的粉剂型生物饲料添加剂。但就目前生产企业考虑到原材料的易得和加工成本,常选用米糠、麸皮、玉米粉、玉米芯粉、花生壳粉、贝壳粉、蛭石粉、石粉、碳酸钙、麦饭石、沸石粉中的一种或几种混合物,有的还使用植物秸秆粉或草粉作为填充料。这些本着生产成本的考虑,则忽略了微生物菌的稳定性和饲料添加剂的营养性价值。
为了在微生物菌添加剂使用时,具备有一定的黏附性,使微生物菌饲料添加剂在拌入动物饲料中混合搅拌时,能吸附在动物饲料上,便于动物饲食中的均匀性和饲入菌量的最大化,有的制品着意添加一定量的黏附剂。
为了能够使饲养动物胃内pH值的相对恒定,使饲入的食料进入小肠后继续达到酸化的功效,在产品中常同时利用柠檬酸、乳酸、盐酸、富马酸等酸化剂,但这些酸化剂不仅直接对添加剂所含微生物菌局部造成酸性过强,影响菌体的存活,同时,这些酸化物质对养殖动物也无直接利用的营养价值,同时,对畜禽的幼崽、雏禽的胃肠道具有很大的刺激性,其配伍应用不够理想。
开发一种能够克服上述不足,既能够保持所含菌体的稳定性、营养性,对菌体又具有黏附性,同时对使用的填充剂又具有给养殖动物提供营养价值的微生物饲料添加剂,是促使饲料添加剂行业长期稳定发展的基础。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种新的单一型短乳杆菌饲料添加剂,该短乳杆菌饲料添加剂不但具有菌体稳定,菌体存活时间长,且所采用的辅助性材料具有一定的粘附性和吸附性,能使菌体较好与辅助性材料黏合于一体,同时,其辅助性添加料具有一定的酸性,对动物饲食后,不仅能提供丰富的营养物质,同时其酸性物质能保持胃内pH值相对恒定,进入小肠后继续达到酸化的功效。其目的是提供一种更具稳定性和营养性的短乳杆菌饲料添加剂。
本发明一种短乳杆菌饲料添加剂,其特征是由短乳杆菌与一定量的沙棘粉、刺梨粉、酸浆粉、黑加仑粉、仙人掌粉和发酵蛋壳粉均匀混合,得到一种新的短乳杆菌饲料添加剂,此添加剂的菌体稳定,菌体存活时间长,而且沙棘粉、刺梨粉、酸浆粉、黑加仑粉含糖量高,特别是仙人掌粉都具有较好的黏附性能,发酵蛋壳粉还具有较好的吸附性。其中沙棘、刺梨、酸浆、黑加仑均是高含量维生素C的果类,其酸性极强,不仅给养殖动物提供丰富的维生素等营养物质,其饲食后的酸性物质起到了很好的促进消化的效果,从而突显了本发明的目的。
为了实现本发明,具体采用了以下技术方案:
一种短乳杆菌饲料添加剂,其特征它是首先由短乳杆菌、沙棘冻干粉、刺梨冻干粉、酸浆冻干粉、黑加仑冻干粉、仙人掌冻干粉混合均匀,再添加余量的发酵蛋壳粉混合均匀,复合包装制成:在每1000g饲料添加剂中短乳杆菌30000个亿-150000个亿,沙棘冻干粉5-50g,刺梨冻干粉5-50g、酸浆冻干粉3-30g、黑加仑冻干粉3-30g、仙人掌冻干粉50-150g,其余为发酵蛋壳粉。
上述所述的短乳杆菌为短乳杆菌干粉制品。
所述的短乳杆菌干粉制品,可以使用市场有售的用作饲料添加剂每克含活菌浓度不少于250个亿的制剂,所述的短乳杆菌干粉制品与配方中的填充料的重量配比由菌体干粉和最终产品的菌体含量决定。
所述的短乳杆菌干粉制品也可以利用现有方法选择相应优化的培养基通过液体发酵设备培养,然后用高速离心方式将发酵液中的菌体分离出来,置于干燥室内用冷风或用真空冷冻干燥方式将菌泥干燥而制得,获得的活菌浓度每克不少于250个亿的菌体干粉制品。
上述所述的沙棘冻干粉、刺梨冻干粉、酸浆冻干粉、黑加仑冻干粉、仙人掌冻干粉,由以下方法制得,其工艺过程为分别取新鲜的沙棘、刺梨、酸浆、黑加仑、仙人掌去掉果梗,腐果等杂质,漂洗、冷冻、升华干燥、低温粉碎,没有去皮、去籽步骤;上述所述的漂洗条件是用40℃水添加重量0.1%的柠檬酸,漂洗15min,并不断搅拌,捞出放入纯净水中漂洗3次;上述冷冻是分别将沙棘、刺梨、酸浆、黑加仑、仙人掌装盘后迅速降温至-45℃以下;上述升华干燥的工艺条件为温度-22 - -32℃,真空度120-150Pa,干燥至水分小于6%/w为止;上述低温粉碎是物料温度处于0℃以下进行的粉碎,粉碎粒度>100目。
上述所述复合包装采用内外袋复合包装,内袋采用聚丙烯塑料袋,外包装采用铝箔袋,内外袋之间填装有硅胶干燥剂。
上述所述的发酵蛋壳粉,是将蛋壳清洗干净,晾干水分,先行干燥处理1-2小时,然后粉碎成40-50目粉,加入适量的水使成含水量在45-55%/w,再加入蛋壳粉重量20%的酵母菌拌匀,在温度为31℃-33℃条件下发酵60-72小时,发酵结束后,将发酵物料调整到温度为82-92℃、湿度为80-90%条件下进行羰氨(也称美拉德反应)反应22-28天,然后,将物料采用电热烘烤箱在不大于100℃条件下烘干至水分含量<5%/w,经粉碎,过100目筛即得。
上述所述的干燥采用热风干燥或远红外干燥;干燥的条件为180℃-300℃,其干燥的目的一是达到杀灭微生物和寄生虫等有害物质,二是能使蛋壳脆质化利于粉碎,且使粉碎后的蛋壳粉疏松利于发酵。
所述的羰氨反应,即美拉德反应,又称“非酶棕色化反应”,是羰基化合物(还原糖类)和氨基化合物(氨基酸和蛋白质)间的反应。
上述将蛋壳粗粉采用酵母菌发酵的目的,一是利用发酵过程可有效使蛋壳充分软化,使发酵后的蛋壳粉疏松,易于和其他物料混合;二是利用酵母菌发酵可有效地使蛋壳中的钙等成分得到有效生物转化,形成生物钙,利于动物的吸收利用,酵母菌发酵可使发酵物料形成更多的蛋白质,特别是酵母菌的大量繁殖,可增加营养成分的聚集,增加酵母所特有的葡萄糖、蛋白质、核酸、维生素、碳水化合物、类脂类物质等多种营养成分,特别是B族维生素如B1、B2、B6、B12以及叶酸、烟酸、泛酸、肌醇等生理活性物质得到提升,这些有益的营养物质成分无疑起到了提高本发明产品的营养成分,提高了其营养效果。
本发明中对蛋壳粉进一步的羰氨反应,一是促进蛋壳的熟化过程,进一步使其中的钙质成分得到充分的生物转化,形成生物钙成分,二是使物料中的蛋白质成分得到充分的生物转化,降解为氨基酸,三是使形成的大量氨基酸成分转化为短肽和小肽等小分子物质,利于动物饲食后的消化吸收利用,其羰氨反应不仅提升产品的营养功能,羰氨反应后的物料可进一步增加疏松度利于拌合饲料的应用,同时使碳水化合物转化为还原糖,同时产生丰富的香味物质,不仅提升了产品的抗免疫能力,还改善了产品的风味,增加动物的喜食性。
上述所述的蛋壳为鸡蛋壳、鸭蛋壳、鹅蛋壳和鹌鹑蛋壳中的任意一种或几种的混合蛋壳。
上述所述的酵母菌(saccharomyces)为产朊假丝酵母(Candida utilis)、热带假丝酵母(Candida tropicalis)、酿造酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)、啤酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)和饲料酵母(Candida Tropicali)中的任意一种。
上述酵母菌可以选择使用市场有售的所有用作食品添加剂或饲料添加剂的活菌浓度不少于每克200个亿的菌体干粉制品。
上述的酵母菌也可采用现有方法制备,例如可以根据菌种的性质选择相应优化的培养基通过液体培养发酵设备培养,然后用高速离心方式将发酵液中的菌体分离出来,置于干燥室内用冷风干燥或用冷冻干燥方式将菌泥干燥而制得,分别获得活菌浓度为每克200个亿的菌体干粉制品。
本发明一种短乳杆菌饲料添加剂的优化方案是,首先由短乳杆菌、沙棘冻干粉、刺梨冻干粉、酸浆冻干粉、黑加仑冻干粉、仙人掌冻干粉混合均匀,再添加余量的发酵蛋壳粉混合均匀,复合包装制成:在每1000g饲料添加剂中短乳杆菌50000个亿-150000个亿,沙棘冻干粉10-50g,刺梨冻干粉10-50g、酸浆冻干粉5-30g、黑加仑冻干粉5-30g、仙人掌冻干粉70-150g,其余为发酵蛋壳粉。
本发明进一步的优化方案是,一种短乳杆菌饲料添加剂,其特征是首先由短乳杆菌、沙棘冻干粉、刺梨冻干粉、酸浆冻干粉、黑加仑冻干粉、仙人掌冻干粉混合均匀,再添加余量的发酵蛋壳粉混合均匀,复合包装制成:在每1000g饲料添加剂中短乳杆菌70000个亿-150000个亿,沙棘冻干粉15-50g,刺梨冻干粉15-50g、酸浆冻干粉8-30g、黑加仑冻干粉8-30g、仙人掌冻干粉85-150g,其余为发酵蛋壳粉。
本发明更进一步的优化方案是,一种短乳杆菌饲料添加剂,其特征是首先由短乳杆菌、沙棘冻干粉、刺梨冻干粉、酸浆冻干粉、黑加仑冻干粉、仙人掌冻干粉混合均匀,再添加余量的发酵蛋壳粉混合均匀,复合包装制成:在每1000g饲料添加剂中短乳杆菌90000个亿-150000个亿,沙棘冻干粉20-50g,刺梨冻干粉20-50g、酸浆冻干粉10-30g、黑加仑冻干粉10-30g、仙人掌冻干粉100-150g,其余为发酵蛋壳粉。
沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides Linn.),其果实含有丰富的营养物质和生物活性物质,可以广泛应用于食品、医药、轻工、航天、农牧鱼业等国民经济的许多领域。沙棘果和油具有很高的药用价值,有止咳祛痰,消食化滞,活血散瘀功效,能治疗胃和十二指肠溃疡以及消化不良等。
沙棘果实营养丰富,据测定其果实中含有多种维生素、脂肪酸、微量元素、亚油素、沙棘黄酮、超氧化物等活性物质和人体所需的各种氨基酸。其中维生素C含量极高,每100克果汁中,维生素C含量可达到825-1100毫克,是猕猴桃的2-3倍,素有维生素C之王的美称。含糖7.5%-10%,含酸3%-5%。
刺梨(Rosa roxbunghii)为蔷薇科多年生落叶灌木缫丝花的果实,又名山王果、刺莓果、茨梨等。具有清热生津,健胃消食,解暑等功效。刺梨含有丰富的维生素B、C,胡萝卜素、苹果酸、柠檬酸等成分,常用于胃阴不足,食欲减退,消化不良,或饮食积滞,饱胀满闷,腹泻便溏;热病或暑热伤津,口干口渴,小便短赤。
成熟的刺梨肉质肥厚、味酸甜、果实富含糖、维生素、胡萝卜素、有机酸和20多种氨基酸、10余种对人体有益的微量元素,以及过氧化物歧化酶,尤其是维生素C含量极高,是当前水果中最高的,每100克鲜果中含量841.58毫克-3541.13毫克,是柑橘的50倍,猕猴桃的10倍,具有“维生素C之王”的美称。刺梨果实有很高的营养价值和医疗价值,其味酸、涩、平,消食健脾,收敛止泄,用于治疗积食腹胀、痢疾、肠炎、维生素C缺乏症等。
酸浆(Physali alkekengiL.),又名红菇娘、挂金灯、灯笼果等。酸浆果实中含有多种营养成分,其中钙的含量是西红柿的73.1倍、胡萝卜的13.8倍,维生素C的含量是西红柿的6.4倍、胡萝卜的5.4倍。具有独特的风味和丰富的营养。酸浆果实香味浓郁,味鲜美。浆果富含维生素C、β-胡萝卜素、20多种矿质元素和18种氨基酸,具有清热,解毒,利尿功效,常用于治热咳、咽痛、黄疸、痢疾、水中、疔疮、丹毒等的治疗。
黑加仑学名黑穗醋栗(Ribes nigrum L.)又名黑醋栗,紫梅等,其成熟果实为黑色小浆果,内富含维生素C、花青素。黑加仑不仅是一种味道鲜美、营养丰富的水果,而且具有良好的药用功效。黑加仑果实富含矿物质元素,其矿物质元素中的锌含量高,可作为供锌来源;维生素C的含量极高,明显高于柑橘、山楂,还含有磷、镁、钾、钙、花青素、酚类物质。种子中亚油酸含量高。黑加仑中维生素C的含量非常丰富,更重要的是还含有大量的抗氧化成分,这样就确保了维生素C的作用效果。黑加仑富含如花青素、维生素C、黄酮、槲皮素、杨梅醇、酚酸、儿茶素以及黑加仑多糖等物质,这些都是具有良好抗氧化功能的生物活性物质。
仙人掌(学名:Opuntia stricta(Haw.)Haw.var.dillenii(Ker-Gawl.) Benson),是仙人掌属的一种植物。别名仙巴掌、观音掌等。仙人掌为丛生肉质灌木,上部分枝宽倒卵形、倒卵状椭圆形或近圆形;花辐状,花托倒卵形。以全株入药。四季可采。
仙人掌性凉,味酸,无毒。具行气活血,清热解毒功效。主要有清热解毒、散瘀消肿、行气活血、健胃止痛等功能。仙人掌含有人体必需的8中氨基酸和多种微量元素,以及抱碧莲、角蒂仙、玉芙蓉等珍贵成分,经仙人掌生药浆分析,含果胶、多糖和胶渗出物。从全草分离提取得无羁萜酮(friedelin),无羁萜-3α-醇(friedelan-3-α-ol),蒲公英赛酮(taraxerone)和蒲公英赛醇(taraxerol)。
蛋壳,在我国家禽养殖中数量较大的有鸡、鸭、鹅以及鹌鹑等,在利用鸡蛋、鸭蛋、鹅蛋以及鹌鹑蛋作为食品加工过程中,其产生的废蛋壳数量巨大,根据现有公开的报道资料显示,一个中等城市每月所扔弃的蛋壳总量达60-100吨,按蛋壳重量占蛋重的11%计算,我国每天产出大约150万吨的蛋壳,这样既污染环境,又浪费资源。将废弃的蛋壳进行综合利用,不仅能提高资源利用率和避免环境污染,且可大大提高企业的经济效益和社会效益。
其中鸡蛋壳在我国产生量最大,鸡蛋壳占整个鸡蛋中的10-12%,由壳上膜、壳下膜和蛋壳三部分组成,蛋壳是一种石灰质的硬壳,位于壳上膜和壳下膜之间。在鸡蛋壳的化学成分中,矿物质占95%,蛋白质3.3%,水分1%,脂肪0.03%,其余是碳水化合物和其他有机物质(当然,以上这些成分中不包括蛋壳中大量残留的蛋清)。蛋壳中矿物质成分主要是碳酸钙,占94%左右,其余是碳酸镁和磷酸钙,钙、磷含量分别占蛋壳干物质的34.9%和0.2%。在蛋壳中,可以测得七种维生素以及多种微量元素和一些重要的酶类、肽类物质,他们的含量虽然很少,但都是人体或动物体内需要的物质。
现有技术中,用蛋壳粉补钙,在人用制品中有将蛋壳经杀菌后磨成粉的产品,也有采用一次或二次煅烧方法制备成有机钙的应用。目前最广泛的是在药品、食品和营养品的制备中,多采用微米级、亚微米级和纳米级超细粉体,添加到各种食品、营养品种,达到了很好的效果。蛋壳在我国动物养殖中的应用,大多采取将蛋壳清洗、烘干,磨粉添加于饲料中喂食的方法,由于粉碎粒度较大,动物的吸收利用较差,还不能达到很好的应用效果。
本发明是将蛋壳清洗、高温干燥后,先粉碎成粗粉,利用酵母菌进行发酵,然后再进行羰氨反应处理,而后进行烘干、粉碎制备成生物钙制品,该方案不仅提升了蛋壳利用的营养,同时使蛋壳中的主要成分碳酸钙得到生物化学反应,形成更利于吸收的生物碳酸钙,羰氨反应又使其蛋白质成分进一步转化为氨基酸,使大分子的蛋白质、氨基酸转化为短肽或小肽等小分子物质,达到集富营养和吸收利用的有益效果。
本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明产品能够突显短乳杆菌的活菌含量,显著提高菌体在密闭复合包装中的存活率,经多批产品在室温条件下留样观察12个月,短乳杆菌平均存活率在93.7%,而对照品(对照品的填充物为麸皮)中的短乳杆菌存活率为78.2%;本发明产品为单一型短乳杆菌饲料添加剂,能够给养殖业主提供具有应用的针对性和量化的选择,利于对畜禽有针对性的方便使用。
(2)通过沙棘冻干粉、刺梨冻干粉、酸浆冻干粉、黑加仑冻干粉、仙人掌冻干粉与短乳杆菌混匀,由于这些干粉制剂富含的胶体物质,特别是仙人掌中的粘性物质,能更好地增加了添加剂和饲料间的粘合作用,并提高了添加剂的利用率;
(3)通过沙棘、刺梨、酸浆、黑加仑、仙人掌冻干粉高含量氨基酸、维生素、矿物元素、多糖。有机酸,特别是高含量的维生素C等营养成分及多种生物活性物质,对提高动物免疫能力并明显改善肉、蛋品质,尤其是上述干粉中的酸性物质,对所含微生物的利用、促进动物消化都具有显著的效果;
(4)由于采用冷冻干燥技术手段,使制得的沙棘、刺梨、酸浆、黑加仑、仙人掌冻干粉能最大化的保留了其活性成分,具有特色的沙棘、刺梨、酸浆、黑加仑、仙人掌应用的气味和滋味,无异味,增添了动物的喜食性。
(5)利用蛋壳粉先经酵母菌发酵,继而采用羰氨(美拉德反应)反应,制备成富含生物钙的发酵蛋壳粉,不仅使蛋壳中的碳酸钙得到生物转化,得到有利于动物吸收的生物钙,且对酵母菌发酵后形成大量的蛋白质、氨基酸、碳水化合物得到更进一步的转化,使氨基酸、短肽或小肽小分子物质得到提升,更利于动物的吸收利用,通过转化碳水化合物形成的转化糖及香味物质,进一步改善了产品的风味和口感,增加了动物对产品的喜食性。
(6)本发明中对沙棘、刺梨、酸浆、黑加仑、仙人掌冻干粉的制备,没有去皮、去籽步骤,目的是通过冷冻干燥后进行粉碎,使其皮和籽均磨成细粉,使其皮和籽中的花青素、油类、有机酸、芽香性物质均得到保留,提升其冻干粉的营养价值。
(7)本发明利用沙棘冻干粉、刺梨冻干粉、酸浆冻干粉、黑加仑冻干粉、仙人掌冻干粉、发酵蛋壳粉作为添加剂的基质,其基质中含有大量的钙、磷、钾、钠、镁、锌等常量和微量元素,尚含有丰富的维生素C、花青素、β-胡萝卜素、苹果酸、柠檬酸、蛋白质、氨基酸、核酸、葡萄糖、类脂类、碳水化合物、B族维生素如B1、B2、B6、B12以及叶酸、烟酸、泛酸、肌醇等生理活性物质,不仅提高短乳杆菌添加剂的营养价值,同时促进动物的新陈代谢,提高机体的抗病能力,促进动物生长,最终提高其养殖业的经济效益。
(8)本发明产品采用内外袋复合包装,内外袋夹层填装有硅胶干燥剂,产品不返潮,无结块,产品疏松,流动性好,能够较好的保持外观品质和内在质量。
对本发明中没有详细表述的其工艺过程的操作,均为本领域技术人员的常识中的操作。就本发明中所述的沙棘、刺梨、酸浆、黑加仑鲜果和鲜的仙人掌的收购和贮存,本发明人单位建设有2万吨的冷库设施,对贮存鲜果物料是有足够保障的。
具体实施方式
实施例1
沙棘冻干粉、刺梨冻干粉、酸浆冻干粉、黑加仑冻干粉、仙人掌冻干粉的制备:
分别取新鲜成熟的沙棘、刺梨、酸浆、黑加仑、仙人掌,去掉果梗,腐果等杂质,用含有重量0.1%柠檬酸的40℃水溶液,在不断搅拌下漂洗15min捞出,放入纯净水中漂洗3次,捞出控干水分;分别将沙棘、刺梨、酸浆、黑加仑、仙人掌装盘后移入冷冻机中,迅速降温至-45℃以下;分别将冻结的沙棘、刺梨、酸浆、黑加仑、仙人掌移入升华干燥机内,升华温度控制在-22--32℃,真空度120-150Pa,使物料干燥至水分<6%(w),时间约需18小时,取出后放入冷冻粉碎机中,控制物料温度不超过0℃,粉碎至细度>100目后,分别得到沙棘冻干粉、刺梨冻干粉、酸浆冻干粉、黑加仑冻干粉、仙人掌冻干粉,装入塑料袋中密封,贮存于0℃以下冷库中备用。
实施例2
使用相应优化的培养基,采用液体培养发酵设备分别单独培养产朊假丝酵母、热带假丝酵母、酿造酵母、啤酒酵母和饲料酵母,然后用高速离心机将发酵液中的菌体分离出来,用真空冷冻干燥方式将菌泥干燥,分别得到活菌含量为200个亿/克的产朊假丝酵母干粉、活菌含量为200个亿/克的热带假丝酵母干粉、活菌含量为200个亿/克的酿造酵母干粉、活菌含量为200个亿/克的啤酒酵母干粉和活菌含量为200个亿/克的饲料酵母干粉。
实施例3
发酵蛋壳粉的制备:
将鸡蛋壳或鸭蛋壳、鹅蛋壳、鹌鹑蛋壳的一种或几种混合蛋壳清洗干净,晾干水分,置入烘箱中,在240℃条件下热风干燥1.5小时后,取出放冷,粉碎成45目粉;称取蛋壳粉80公斤,加入适量的纯净水使成物料含水量在50%(W),再加入实施例2得到的饲料酵母干粉20公斤,充分拌匀后装盘,置入发酵室,在温度为31-33℃条件下发酵60-72小时,待发酵结束后,将发酵物料调整到温度为82℃-92℃、温度为80-90%条件下,进行羰氨反应22-28天,然后将物料采用电热烘烤箱在不大于100℃条件下烘干至水分含量<5%(W),利用万能粉碎机进行粉碎,过100筛,即得发酵蛋壳粉。
同实施例3发酵蛋壳粉的制备方法,可分别采用实施例2中得到的产朊假丝酵母干粉、热带假丝酵母干粉、酿造酵母干粉或啤酒酵母干粉进行制备发酵蛋壳粉,其他工艺条件均按照本申请权利要求1-4中发酵蛋壳粉制备工艺参数进行实施。
实施例4
一种短乳杆菌饲料添加剂,是由短乳杆菌干粉、沙棘冻干粉、刺梨冻干粉、酸浆冻干粉、黑加仑冻干粉、仙人掌冻干粉混合均匀,再添加余量的发酵蛋壳粉混合均匀,复合包装制成:在每1000g饲料添加剂中短乳杆菌30000个亿,沙棘冻干粉5g,刺梨冻干粉5g、酸浆冻干粉3g、黑加仑冻干粉3g、仙人掌冻干粉150g,其余为发酵蛋壳粉;具体制作方法是:称取实施例1分别制得的沙棘冻干粉、刺梨冻干粉、酸浆冻干粉、黑加仑冻干粉、仙人掌冻干粉混匀,再将短乳杆菌干粉均匀拌入,然后添加余量由实施例3制得的发酵蛋壳粉充分混合均匀后,进行复合包装;复合包装是内袋采用聚丙烯塑料袋,外袋采用铝箔袋,内外袋之间加几包硅胶干燥剂,以防吸水。
实施例5
一种短乳杆菌饲料添加剂,是由短乳杆菌干粉、沙棘冻干粉、刺梨冻干粉、酸浆冻干粉、黑加仑冻干粉、仙人掌冻干粉混合均匀,再添加余量的发酵蛋壳粉混合均匀,复合包装制成:在每1000g饲料添加剂中短乳杆菌50000个亿,沙棘冻干粉50g,刺梨冻干粉10g、酸浆冻干粉5g、黑加仑冻干粉5g、仙人掌冻干粉85g,其余为发酵蛋壳粉;具体制作方法同实施例4。
实施例6
一种短乳杆菌饲料添加剂,是由短乳杆菌干粉、沙棘冻干粉、刺梨冻干粉、酸浆冻干粉、黑加仑冻干粉、仙人掌冻干粉混合均匀,再添加余量的发酵蛋壳粉混合均匀,复合包装制成:在每1000g饲料添加剂中短乳杆菌70000个亿,沙棘冻干粉15g,刺梨冻干粉50g、酸浆冻干粉8g、黑加仑冻干粉8g、仙人掌冻干粉90g,其余为发酵蛋壳粉;具体制作方法同实施例4。
实施例7
一种短乳杆菌饲料添加剂,是由短乳杆菌干粉、沙棘冻干粉、刺梨冻干粉、酸浆冻干粉、黑加仑冻干粉、仙人掌冻干粉混合均匀,再添加余量的发酵蛋壳粉混合均匀,复合包装制成:在每1000g饲料添加剂中短乳杆菌90000个亿,沙棘冻干粉25g,刺梨冻干粉25g、酸浆冻干粉15g、黑加仑冻干粉15g、仙人掌冻干粉70g,其余为发酵蛋壳粉;具体制作方法同实施例4。
实施例8
一种短乳杆菌饲料添加剂,是由短乳杆菌干粉、沙棘冻干粉、刺梨冻干粉、酸浆冻干粉、黑加仑冻干粉、仙人掌冻干粉混合均匀,再添加余量的发酵蛋壳粉混合均匀,复合包装制成:在每1000g饲料添加剂中短乳杆菌150000个亿,沙棘冻干粉10g,刺梨冻干粉30g、酸浆冻干粉15g、黑加仑冻干粉15g、仙人掌冻干粉75g,其余为发酵蛋壳粉;具体制作方法同实施例4。
实施例9
一种短乳杆菌饲料添加剂,是由短乳杆菌干粉、沙棘冻干粉、刺梨冻干粉、酸浆冻干粉、黑加仑冻干粉、仙人掌冻干粉混合均匀,再添加余量的发酵蛋壳粉混合均匀,复合包装制成:在每1000g饲料添加剂中短乳杆菌130000个亿,沙棘冻干粉40g,刺梨冻干粉25g、酸浆冻干粉20g、黑加仑冻干粉20g、仙人掌冻干粉80g,其余为发酵蛋壳粉;具体制作方法同实施例4。
实施例10
一种短乳杆菌饲料添加剂,是由短乳杆菌干粉、沙棘冻干粉、刺梨冻干粉、酸浆冻干粉、黑加仑冻干粉、仙人掌冻干粉混合均匀,再添加余量的发酵蛋壳粉混合均匀,复合包装制成:在每1000g饲料添加剂中短乳杆菌100000个亿,沙棘冻干粉25g,刺梨冻干粉40g、酸浆冻干粉30g、黑加仑冻干粉30g、仙人掌冻干粉90g,其余为发酵蛋壳粉;具体制作方法同实施例4。
实施例11
一种短乳杆菌饲料添加剂,是由短乳杆菌干粉、沙棘冻干粉、刺梨冻干粉、酸浆冻干粉、黑加仑冻干粉、仙人掌冻干粉混合均匀,再添加余量的发酵蛋壳粉混合均匀,复合包装制成:在每1000g饲料添加剂中短乳杆菌110000个亿,沙棘冻干粉50g,刺梨冻干粉40g、酸浆冻干粉15g、黑加仑冻干粉15g、仙人掌冻干粉80g,其余为发酵蛋壳粉;具体制作方法同实施例4。
实施例12
一种短乳杆菌饲料添加剂,是由短乳杆菌干粉、沙棘冻干粉、刺梨冻干粉、酸浆冻干粉、黑加仑冻干粉、仙人掌冻干粉混合均匀,再添加余量的发酵蛋壳粉混合均匀,复合包装制成:在每1000g饲料添加剂中短乳杆菌120000个亿,沙棘冻干粉50g,刺梨冻干粉50g、酸浆冻干粉10g、黑加仑冻干粉10g、仙人掌冻干粉100g,其余为发酵蛋壳粉;具体制作方法同实施例4。
Claims (10)
1.一种短乳杆菌饲料添加剂,其特征是首先由短乳杆菌、沙棘冻干粉、刺梨冻干粉、酸浆冻干粉、黑加仑冻干粉、仙人掌冻干粉混合均匀,再添加余量的发酵蛋壳粉混合均匀,复合包装制成:在每1000g饲料添加剂中短乳杆菌30000个亿-150000个亿,沙棘冻干粉5-50g,刺梨冻干粉5-50g、酸浆冻干粉3-30g、黑加仑冻干粉3-30g、仙人掌冻干粉50-150g,其余为发酵蛋壳粉;所述的沙棘冻干粉、刺梨冻干粉、酸浆冻干粉、黑加仑冻干粉、仙人掌冻干粉,由以下方法制得,其工艺过程为分别取新鲜的沙棘、刺梨、酸浆、黑加仑、仙人掌去掉果梗,腐果等杂质,漂洗、冷冻、升华干燥、低温粉碎,没有去皮、去籽步骤;上述所述的漂洗条件是用40℃水添加重量0.1%的柠檬酸,漂洗15min,并不断搅拌,捞出放入纯净水中漂洗3次;上述冷冻是分别将沙棘、刺梨、酸浆、黑加仑、仙人掌装盘后迅速降温至-45℃以下;上述升华干燥的工艺条件为温度-22 - -32℃,真空度120-150Pa,干燥至水分小于6%/w为止;所述的发酵蛋壳粉,是将蛋壳清洗干净,晾干水分,先行干燥处理1-2小时,然后粉碎成40-50目粉,加入适量的水使成含水量在45-55%/w,再加入蛋壳粉重量20%的酵母菌拌匀,在温度为31℃-33℃条件下发酵60-72小时,发酵结束后,将发酵物料调整到温度为82-92℃、湿度为80-90%条件下进行羰氨反应22-28天,然后,将物料采用电热烘烤箱在不大于100℃条件下烘干至水分含量<5%/w,经粉碎,过100目筛即得。
2.一种短乳杆菌饲料添加剂,其特征是首先由短乳杆菌、沙棘冻干粉、刺梨冻干粉、酸浆冻干粉、黑加仑冻干粉、仙人掌冻干粉混合均匀,再添加余量的发酵蛋壳粉混合均匀,复合包装制成:在每1000g饲料添加剂中短乳杆菌50000个亿-150000个亿,沙棘冻干粉10-50g,刺梨冻干粉10-50g、酸浆冻干粉5-30g、黑加仑冻干粉5-30g、仙人掌冻干粉70-150g,其余为发酵蛋壳粉;所述的沙棘冻干粉、刺梨冻干粉、酸浆冻干粉、黑加仑冻干粉、仙人掌冻干粉,由以下方法制得,其工艺过程为分别取新鲜的沙棘、刺梨、酸浆、黑加仑、仙人掌去掉果梗,腐果等杂质,漂洗、冷冻、升华干燥、低温粉碎,没有去皮、去籽步骤;上述所述的漂洗条件是用40℃水添加重量0.1%的柠檬酸,漂洗15min,并不断搅拌,捞出放入纯净水中漂洗3次;上述冷冻是分别将沙棘、刺梨、酸浆、黑加仑、仙人掌装盘后迅速降温至-45℃以下;上述升华干燥的工艺条件为温度-22 - -32℃,真空度120-150Pa,干燥至水分小于6%/w为止;所述的发酵蛋壳粉,是将蛋壳清洗干净,晾干水分,先行干燥处理1-2小时,然后粉碎成40-50目粉,加入适量的水使成含水量在45-55%/w,再加入蛋壳粉重量20%的酵母菌拌匀,在温度为31℃-33℃条件下发酵60-72小时,发酵结束后,将发酵物料调整到温度为82-92℃、湿度为80-90%条件下进行羰氨反应22-28天,然后,将物料采用电热烘烤箱在不大于100℃条件下烘干至水分含量<5%/w,经粉碎,过100目筛即得。
3.一种短乳杆菌饲料添加剂,其特征是首先由短乳杆菌、沙棘冻干粉、刺梨冻干粉、酸浆冻干粉、黑加仑冻干粉、仙人掌冻干粉混合均匀,再添加余量的发酵蛋壳粉混合均匀,复合包装制成:在每1000g饲料添加剂中短乳杆菌70000个亿-150000个亿,沙棘冻干粉15-50g,刺梨冻干粉15-50g、酸浆冻干粉8-30g、黑加仑冻干粉8-30g、仙人掌冻干粉85-150g,其余为发酵蛋壳粉;所述的沙棘冻干粉、刺梨冻干粉、酸浆冻干粉、黑加仑冻干粉、仙人掌冻干粉,由以下方法制得,其工艺过程为分别取新鲜的沙棘、刺梨、酸浆、黑加仑、仙人掌去掉果梗,腐果等杂质,漂洗、冷冻、升华干燥、低温粉碎,没有去皮、去籽步骤;上述所述的漂洗条件是用40℃水添加重量0.1%的柠檬酸,漂洗15min,并不断搅拌,捞出放入纯净水中漂洗3次;上述冷冻是分别将沙棘、刺梨、酸浆、黑加仑、仙人掌装盘后迅速降温至-45℃以下;上述升华干燥的工艺条件为温度-22 - -32℃,真空度120-150Pa,干燥至水分小于6%/w为止;所述的发酵蛋壳粉,是将蛋壳清洗干净,晾干水分,先行干燥处理1-2小时,然后粉碎成40-50目粉,加入适量的水使成含水量在45-55%/w,再加入蛋壳粉重量20%的酵母菌拌匀,在温度为31℃-33℃条件下发酵60-72小时,发酵结束后,将发酵物料调整到温度为82-92℃、湿度为80-90%条件下进行羰氨反应22-28天,然后,将物料采用电热烘烤箱在不大于100℃条件下烘干至水分含量<5%/w,经粉碎,过100目筛即得。
4.一种短乳杆菌饲料添加剂,其特征是首先由短乳杆菌、沙棘冻干粉、刺梨冻干粉、酸浆冻干粉、黑加仑冻干粉、仙人掌冻干粉混合均匀,再添加余量的发酵蛋壳粉混合均匀,复合包装制成:在每1000g饲料添加剂中短乳杆菌90000个亿-150000个亿,沙棘冻干粉20-50g,刺梨冻干粉20-50g、酸浆冻干粉10-30g、黑加仑冻干粉10-30g、仙人掌冻干粉100-150g,其余为发酵蛋壳粉;所述的沙棘冻干粉、刺梨冻干粉、酸浆冻干粉、黑加仑冻干粉、仙人掌冻干粉,由以下方法制得,其工艺过程为分别取新鲜的沙棘、刺梨、酸浆、黑加仑、仙人掌去掉果梗,腐果等杂质,漂洗、冷冻、升华干燥、低温粉碎,没有去皮、去籽步骤;上述所述的漂洗条件是用40℃水添加重量0.1%的柠檬酸,漂洗15min,并不断搅拌,捞出放入纯净水中漂洗3次;上述冷冻是分别将沙棘、刺梨、酸浆、黑加仑、仙人掌装盘后迅速降温至-45℃以下;上述升华干燥的工艺条件为温度-22 - -32℃,真空度120-150Pa,干燥至水分小于6%/w为止;所述的发酵蛋壳粉,是将蛋壳清洗干净,晾干水分,先行干燥处理1-2小时,然后粉碎成40-50目粉,加入适量的水使成含水量在45-55%/w,再加入蛋壳粉重量20%的酵母菌拌匀,在温度为31℃-33℃条件下发酵60-72小时,发酵结束后,将发酵物料调整到温度为82-92℃、湿度为80-90%条件下进行羰氨反应22-28天,然后,将物料采用电热烘烤箱在不大于100℃条件下烘干至水分含量<5%/w,经粉碎,过100目筛即得。
5.如权利要求1-4所述一种短乳杆菌饲料添加剂,其特征在于,所述的短乳杆菌,为每克含活菌浓度不少于250个亿的菌体干粉制品。
6.如权利要求1-4所述一种短乳杆菌饲料添加剂,其特征在于,所述的低温粉碎是物料温度处于0℃以下进行粉碎。
7.如权利要求1-4所述一种短乳杆菌饲料添加剂,其特征在于,所述的复合包装采用内外袋复合包装,内袋采用聚丙烯塑料袋,外包装采用铝箔袋,内外袋之间填装有硅胶干燥剂小袋。
8.如权利要求1-4所述一种短乳杆菌饲料添加剂,其特征在于,所述的蛋壳为鸡蛋壳、鸭蛋壳、鹅蛋壳和鹌鹑蛋壳中的任意一种或几种的混合蛋壳。
9.如权利要求1-4所述一种短乳杆菌饲料添加剂,其特征在于,所述的干燥采用热风干燥或远红外干燥;所述的干燥条件为180℃-300℃。
10.如权利要求1-4所述一种短乳杆菌饲料添加剂,其特征在于,所述的酵母菌为产朊假丝酵母、热带假丝酵母、酿造酵母、啤酒酵母和饲料酵母中的任意一种。
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