CN108848498B - Mesh ad hoc network communication system and method based on LoRa - Google Patents
Mesh ad hoc network communication system and method based on LoRa Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W8/00—Network data management
- H04W8/26—Network addressing or numbering for mobility support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
- H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W60/00—Affiliation to network, e.g. registration; Terminating affiliation with the network, e.g. de-registration
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
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- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
The present disclosure discloses a mesh ad hoc network communication system and method based on LoRa, the system includes: the system comprises a gateway and at least one node device connected with the gateway through an LoRa network; according to the method, a gateway and multi-level node equipment are adopted for self-networking, and individual node equipment forwards information of other node equipment, so that the communication distance of a network and the size of the scale of a network area are increased without additionally increasing the gateway; meanwhile, the node equipment is set to automatically enter a sleep state so as to reduce power consumption; the node equipment automatically stores the node level, the upper and lower node addresses and the gateway address, can realize power-down storage, and automatically restores network connection when being powered on, thereby saving time and further reducing power consumption. The service life of the network equipment is prolonged, the network safety performance is high, the stability is good, and the method can be widely popularized and applied.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the field of communication of the internet of things, in particular to a mesh ad hoc network communication system and method based on LoRa.
Background introduction
Currently, the network of LoRa is a star network topology, and each terminal node is not directly connected to each other, but is connected to a gateway to connect back to the central host, or transmit data to another node through the central host. With such an architecture, the number of gateways needs to be increased in order to extend the coverage area, and the gateways are provided with access to the internet, which causes problems of increased cost and complicated wiring.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the present disclosure is directed to a network ad hoc network communication system and method based on LoRa, which is used to solve the technical problems of high cost and complicated wiring existing in the prior art communication system.
The system comprises: the system comprises a gateway and at least one node device connected with the gateway through an LoRa network;
the gateway comprises a processor, an LoRa communication unit connected with the processor, a memory and a WiFi unit;
the node device includes: the system comprises a processor, an LoRa communication unit and a memory, wherein the LoRa communication unit and the memory are connected with the processor;
the processor is used for setting parameters of the LoRa communication unit and processing data received by the LoRa communication unit;
the LoRa communication unit is used for establishing LoRa communication between the node equipment and the gateway;
the memory is used for storing the data received by the LoRa communication unit, so that the data is not lost when power is lost;
the WiFi unit is used for the gateway to access the Internet and communicate with the cloud server.
The mesh ad hoc network communication method based on the LoRa comprises the following steps:
s1, gateway initialization:
s11, judging whether the gateway has registration information at the cloud;
if the gateway does not have the registration information, the gateway registers to the cloud;
if the gateway has the registration information, requesting a node equipment list from the cloud end, and returning the node equipment list to the cloud end;
s12, judging whether the gateway has a bound node device;
if the gateway has the bound node equipment, updating a node equipment routing table of the gateway, and waiting for the node equipment connection or cloud end pushing of an updated node equipment list;
if the gateway does not have the node equipment bound, waiting for the node equipment to be connected or pushing an updated node equipment list by the cloud end;
s2, initializing node equipment:
s21, judging whether the node equipment has a Device Id, if the node equipment has the Device Id, executing a step S23, and if the node equipment does not have the Device Id, executing a step S22;
s22, the node device sends an anonymous discovery request to the gateway; the gateway responds to the anonymous discovery request and returns the address of the gateway; the node equipment initiates an anonymous registration request to the gateway, the gateway responds to the registration request of the node equipment, the gateway returns a Device Id after registering for the node equipment, and the node equipment writes the Device Id into a memory of the node equipment;
s23, the node device sends a real name discovery request to the gateway, the gateway responds to the real name discovery request of the node device, and the gateway responds to the real name discovery request and returns the address of the gateway;
s24, the node equipment initiates real-name connection, the node equipment sends an mqtt subscription request to the gateway after the gateway responds, the gateway subscribes the node theme to the cloud end by the identity of the gateway, and the node equipment is in an online state after the subscription is successful;
and S3, the node equipment starts a heartbeat packet, starts data receiving interruption and enters a dormant state.
The present disclosure has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the method, a gateway and multi-level node equipment are adopted for self-networking, and individual node equipment forwards data of other node equipment, so that the communication distance of a network and the size of the scale of a network area are increased without additionally increasing the gateway;
2. the node equipment automatically enters a sleep state to reduce power consumption;
3. the node equipment automatically stores the node level, the upper and lower node addresses and the gateway address, can realize power-down storage, and automatically restores network connection when being powered on, thereby saving time and further reducing power consumption. The service life of the network equipment is prolonged, the network safety performance is high, the stability is good, and the method can be widely popularized and applied.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the required drawings, and for those skilled in the art, without any creative effort, several changes and modifications can be made, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention;
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a mesh ad hoc network topology of the present invention;
wherein: level 1-1 nodes, level 2-2 nodes, level 3-3 nodes, and 4-gateways.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying fig. 1 and the specific embodiments.
In one embodiment, the present disclosure discloses a LoRa-based mesh ad hoc network communication system, the system comprising: the system comprises a gateway and at least one node device connected with the gateway through an LoRa network;
the gateway comprises a processor, an LoRa communication unit connected with the processor, a memory and a WiFi unit;
the node device includes: the system comprises a processor, an LoRa communication unit and a memory, wherein the LoRa communication unit and the memory are connected with the processor;
the processor is used for setting parameters of the LoRa communication unit and processing data received by the LoRa communication unit;
the LoRa communication unit is used for establishing LoRa communication between the node equipment and the gateway;
the memory is used for storing the data received by the LoRa communication unit, so that the data is not lost when power is lost;
the WiFi unit is used for the gateway to access the Internet and communicate with the cloud server.
In the embodiment, one gateway and multi-level node equipment are adopted for ad hoc network, and individual node equipment forwards data of other node equipment, so that the communication distance of the network and the size of the network area are increased without additionally increasing the gateway; the node equipment automatically stores the node level, the upper and lower node addresses and the gateway address, can realize power-down storage, and automatically restores network connection when being powered on, saves time and further reduces power consumption. The service life of the network equipment is prolonged, the network safety performance is high, the stability is good, and the method can be widely popularized and applied.
In the on-line process, the node equipment obtains the addresses of the upper and lower nodes and the gateway address according to the node level of the node equipment and data returned by other node equipment or gateways, and stores the addresses in a memory.
When the node equipment is powered off and then powered on, the memory is read first, and if the upper node level address and the lower node level address and the gateway address exist, the node equipment directly initiates an online request to the gateway through the upper node.
In one embodiment, the node device can be arranged where the gateway signal is not covered and other node devices are covered.
Preferably, the other node devices are capable of communicating directly with the gateway or with other node devices capable of communicating directly with the gateway.
In the embodiment, the communication distance of the network and the size of the network area are increased by arranging the node equipment to the place covered by other node equipment without additionally increasing a gateway.
In one embodiment, the node devices include a level 0 node device, a level 1 node device, a level 2 node device, and a level 3 node device;
the node equipment of the level 0 is the node equipment which is just initialized, and the node level of the node equipment is unknown;
the level 1 node equipment can directly communicate with the gateway to complete the node equipment on line;
the 2-level node equipment cannot directly communicate with the gateway, and the node equipment which can be on line only needs the 1-level node equipment to participate in forwarding;
the level 3 node device cannot directly communicate with the gateway and the level 1 node, and the level 2 node is required to be forwarded to the level 1 node, and the level 1 node is required to be forwarded to the gateway to complete the communication of the node device.
In this embodiment, if the level 2 node device (2) and the level 3 node device (3) are both in the on-line standby state and are not within the signal coverage of the gateway (4); the level 1 node device (1) is in the signal coverage range of the gateway (4), and the gateway (4) and the level 1 node device (1) are in an on-line state.
The default node level is 0-level node equipment, the 2-level node equipment (2) tries to communicate with the gateway after being electrified, if the communication is successful and the network is on line, the node level is changed to 1-level node equipment, a heartbeat packet is started, and the gateway enters a sleep state;
in this embodiment, the level 2 node cannot communicate with the gateway, and then communicates with the nearby node devices in a broadcast manner, and the nearby level 1 node devices (1) and the nearby level 3 node devices (3) receive the data and return a broadcast response including the gateway address, the sender node address, and the sender node level.
Since the node grade returned by the 3-level node device (3) is unknown and the gateway address is unknown, the 2-level node device (2) ignores, the 2-level node (2) determines the grade of the 2-level node device (2) according to the broadcast response returned by the 1-level node device (1), and simultaneously saves the address of the gateway (4), the address of the nearby node and the node grade of the address.
The level 2 node device (2) sends an online data frame, although the level 3 node device (3) can receive data, the node level of the level 3 node device is unknown, so the data is ignored, the level 1 node (1) receives the data of the level 2 node device (2) and forwards the data to the gateway, and finally the response message of the gateway is also forwarded to the level 2 node device (2) by the level 1 node device (1). Thus, the on-line process of the level 2 node equipment (2) is completed.
The on-line process of the level 3 node device (3) is the same as that of the level 2 node device, and the level 2 node device (2) and the level 1 node device (1) need to participate in the forwarding assistance to complete the on-line process.
In this embodiment, the node devices form a mesh grid, and the node devices are extendable to 15-level node devices. In this embodiment, the level 4 node device cannot communicate with the gateway, the level 1 node device, the level 2 node device when the node device is online, and can only be online through the level 3 node device;
similarly, a level 5 node can only go online through a level 4 node device. The N-level node equipment can only be on-line through the N-1-level node equipment.
The system presently contemplated by the present disclosure supports up to a level 15 node device.
In one embodiment, a method of LoRa-based mesh ad hoc network communication comprises the steps of:
s1, gateway initialization:
s11, judging whether the gateway has registration information at the cloud;
if the gateway does not have the registration information, the gateway registers to the cloud;
if the gateway has the registration information, requesting a node equipment list from the cloud end, and returning the node equipment list to the cloud end;
s12, judging whether the gateway has a bound node device;
if the gateway has the bound node equipment, updating a node equipment routing table of the gateway, and waiting for the node equipment connection or cloud end pushing of an updated node equipment list;
if the gateway does not have the node equipment bound, waiting for the node equipment to be connected or pushing an updated node equipment list by the cloud end;
s2, initializing node equipment:
s21, judging whether the node equipment has a Device Id, if the node equipment has the Device Id, executing a step S23, and if the node equipment does not have the Device Id, executing a step S22;
s22, the node device sends an anonymous discovery request to the gateway; the gateway responds to the anonymous discovery request and returns the address of the gateway; the node equipment initiates an anonymous registration request to the gateway, the gateway responds to the registration request of the node equipment, the gateway returns a Device Id after registering for the node equipment, and the node equipment writes the Device Id into a memory of the node equipment;
s23, the node device sends a real name discovery request to the gateway, the gateway responds to the real name discovery request of the node device, and the gateway responds to the real name discovery request and returns the address of the gateway;
s24, the node equipment initiates real-name connection, the node equipment sends an mqtt subscription request to the gateway after the gateway responds, the gateway subscribes the node theme to the cloud end by the identity of the gateway, and the node equipment is in an online state after the subscription is successful;
and S3, the node equipment starts a heartbeat packet, starts data receiving interruption and enters a dormant state.
In one embodiment, if the data received by the node device is sent from the upper device, it is determined whether the destination address of the data is the node device:
if the target address of the data is the node equipment, the data is processed through the processor; if the target address of the data is not the node equipment, forwarding the data to the lower-level equipment;
if the data received by the node device is sent from other node devices, the following judgment is carried out:
if the target address is a gateway, when the node level of the sender is lower than that of the node equipment, forwarding the target address to the upper-level equipment, otherwise, ignoring the target address;
if the target address is the node equipment, data processing is carried out through the processor;
if the target address is not the gateway or the node equipment, when the node level of the sender is higher than that of the node equipment, forwarding the node equipment to the lower-level equipment, otherwise, ignoring the node equipment;
in this embodiment, the data received by the node device refers to: data sent by communication between the node device and the gateway or between the node device and the node device comprise anonymous discovery requests, real-name discovery requests, anonymous connection requests, real-name connection requests, anonymous and real-name connection requests responded by the gateway to the node device.
Preferably, the upper level device is specifically divided into: the gateway is an upper-level device of the first-level node device; the primary node device is a superior device of the secondary node device;
the subordinate devices are specifically divided into: the second node device is a subordinate device of the first node device, and the first node device is a subordinate device of the gateway.
In one embodiment, the node device automatically enters a sleep state without external trigger, and the power saving device automatically switches to the sleep state after data processing is completed.
In this embodiment, the node apparatus sets a sleep state to reduce power consumption.
In one embodiment, each node Device has a unique Device Id, and the server then stores the MAC address of the node Device and the Device Id.
The node device list includes node device information bound by the gateway.
In one embodiment, if the node device cannot communicate with the gateway, an online request is sent to a nearby node device, after the nearby online node device receives data of the node device, the nearby online node device forwards the data of the node device to a superior device to assist the node device to complete online, and the node device obtains a node level from the nearby online node device; and the node equipment stores the address of the nearby node equipment which is on line, the node equipment level and the address of the connected gateway.
Preferably, after the node device is powered on again, according to the stored information, the node device directly initiates an online request to the stored nearby online node device.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention adopts a gateway and a plurality of levels of nodes to carry out ad hoc network, and the individual terminal node forwards the information of other nodes, so as to increase the communication distance of the network and the scale of the network area without additionally increasing the gateway; meanwhile, the node equipment sets a sleep state to reduce power consumption; the node automatically stores the node grade, the addresses of the nodes at the upper level and the lower level and the gateway address, can realize power-down storage, and automatically restores network connection when being powered on, thereby saving time and further reducing power consumption. The service life of the network equipment is prolonged, the network safety performance is high, the stability is good, and the method can be widely popularized and applied.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to fig. 1, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments and applications, which are illustrative, instructive, and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art, having the benefit of this disclosure, may effect numerous modifications thereto without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A LoRa-based mesh ad hoc network communication system, the system comprising: the system comprises a gateway and at least one node device connected with the gateway through an LoRa network;
the gateway includes: the system comprises a processor, an LoRa communication unit connected with the processor, a memory and a WiFi unit;
the node device includes: the system comprises a processor, an LoRa communication unit and a memory, wherein the LoRa communication unit and the memory are connected with the processor;
the processor is used for setting parameters of the LoRa communication unit and processing data received by the LoRa communication unit;
the LoRa communication unit is used for enabling the node equipment to establish LoRa communication with the gateway;
the memory is used for storing the data received by the LoRa communication unit, so that the data is not lost when power is lost;
the WiFi unit is used for ensuring communication between the gateway and the cloud server after the gateway is accessed to the Internet;
the node equipment comprises 0-level node equipment, 1-level node equipment, 2-level node equipment and 3-level node equipment;
the node equipment of the level 0 is the node equipment which is just initialized, and the node level of the node equipment is unknown;
the level 1 node equipment can directly communicate with the gateway to complete on-line;
the level 2 node equipment cannot directly communicate with the gateway, and can be on-line only by the participation of the level 1 node equipment in forwarding;
the level-3 node equipment cannot be directly communicated with the gateway and the level-1 node, the level-2 node is required to be forwarded to the level-1 node, and the level-1 node is forwarded to the gateway to complete the communication;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
in the online process, the node equipment obtains the addresses of the upper and lower nodes and the gateway address according to the node level of the node equipment and data returned by other node equipment or gateways, and stores the addresses in a memory;
if the level 2 node device and the level 3 node device are both in the on-line state and are not in the signal coverage range of the gateway; the level 1 node equipment is in the signal coverage range of the gateway, and the gateway and the level 1 node equipment are in an on-line state;
the default node level is 0-level node equipment, the 2-level node equipment tries to communicate with the gateway after being electrified, if the communication is successful and the communication is on line, the node level is changed to 1-level node equipment, a heartbeat packet is started, and the sleep state is entered;
if the level 2 node can not communicate with the gateway, the level 2 node communicates with nearby node equipment in a broadcasting mode, and the nearby level 1 node equipment and the nearby level 3 node equipment receive data and return a broadcasting response comprising a gateway address, a sender node address and a sender node level;
the on-line process of the level 3 node device is the same as that of the level 2 node device, and the level 2 node device and the level 1 node device need to participate in assisting in forwarding so as to complete the on-line process.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the node device is capable of being placed where the gateway signal is not covered and other node devices are covered.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the other node devices are capable of communicating directly with the gateway or with other node devices capable of communicating directly with the gateway.
4. A communication method of the LoRa-based mesh ad hoc network communication system according to claim 1,
the method comprises the following steps:
s1, gateway initialization:
s11, judging whether the gateway has registration information at the cloud;
if the gateway does not have the registration information, the gateway registers to the cloud;
if the gateway has the registration information, requesting a node equipment list from the cloud end, and returning the node equipment list to the cloud end;
s12, judging whether the gateway has a bound node device;
if the gateway has the bound node equipment, updating a node equipment routing table of the gateway, and waiting for the node equipment connection or cloud end pushing of an updated node equipment list;
if the gateway does not have the node equipment bound, waiting for the node equipment to be connected or pushing an updated node equipment list by the cloud end;
s2, initializing node equipment:
s21, judging whether the node equipment has a Device Id, if the node equipment has the Device Id, executing a step S23, and if the node equipment does not have the Device Id, executing a step S22;
s22, the node device sends an anonymous discovery request to the gateway; the gateway responds to the anonymous discovery request and returns the address of the gateway; the node equipment initiates an anonymous registration request to the gateway, the gateway responds to the anonymous registration request of the node equipment, the gateway returns a Device Id after registering for the node equipment, and the node equipment writes the Device Id into a self memory;
s23, the node device sends a real name discovery request to the gateway, the gateway responds to the real name discovery request of the node device, and the gateway responds to the real name discovery request and returns the address of the gateway;
s24, the node equipment initiates real-name connection, after the gateway responds, the node equipment sends an mqtt subscription request to the gateway, the gateway subscribes the theme of the node equipment to the cloud end by the identity of the gateway, and the node equipment is in an online state after the subscription is successful;
and S3, the node equipment starts a heartbeat packet, starts data receiving interruption and enters a dormant state.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein: if the data received by the node device is sent from the superior device, judging whether the target address of the data is the node device:
if the target address of the data is the node equipment, the data is processed through the processor; if the target address of the data is not the node equipment, forwarding the data to the lower-level equipment;
if the data received by the node device is sent from other node devices, the following judgment is carried out:
if the target address is a gateway, when the node level of the sender is lower than that of the node equipment, forwarding the target address to the upper-level equipment, otherwise, ignoring the target address;
if the target address is the node equipment, data processing is carried out through the processor;
if the target address is not the gateway or the node equipment, when the node level of the sender is higher than that of the node equipment, forwarding the node equipment to the lower-level equipment, otherwise, ignoring the node equipment;
the data received by the node device is: communicating the transmitted data between the node device and the gateway or between the node device and the node device.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the upper level device is specifically divided into:
the gateway is an upper-level device of the first-level node device; the primary node device is a superior device of the secondary node device;
the subordinate devices are specifically divided into: the second node device is a lower device of the first node device, and the first node device is a lower device of the gateway;
the node equipment automatically enters a sleep state under the condition of no external trigger, and the power-saving equipment is automatically switched to the sleep state after data processing is finished;
each node Device has a unique Device Id, and the server then stores the MAC address of the node Device and the Device Id.
7. The method of claim 4, wherein: the node device list includes node device information bound by the gateway.
8. The method of claim 4, wherein: if the node equipment can not communicate with the gateway, sending an online request to nearby node equipment, after the nearby online node equipment receives the data of the node equipment, forwarding the data of the node equipment to superior equipment by the nearby online node equipment to assist the node equipment to finish online, and acquiring a node grade from the nearby online node equipment by the node equipment; and the node equipment stores the address of the nearby node equipment which is on line, the node equipment level and the address of the connected gateway.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein after the node device is powered on again, according to the stored information, the node device directly initiates an online request to the stored nearby online node device.
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CN110582060B (en) * | 2019-09-12 | 2022-01-18 | 深圳市云伽智能技术有限公司 | Communication method, communication device, node equipment and storage medium thereof |
CN112423365B (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2023-04-28 | 国网天津市电力公司 | MESH networking communication method for distribution area equipment LoRa communication |
CN113038594B (en) * | 2021-04-14 | 2023-04-07 | 深圳市共进电子股份有限公司 | Network management registration method and device for MESH extended equipment |
CN113973401B (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2023-11-14 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Ad hoc network data processing method, device, equipment, medium and ad hoc network system |
CN113950120A (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2022-01-18 | 成都康特电子科技股份有限公司 | Equipment networking method and device, terminal equipment and readable storage medium |
CN115001731B (en) * | 2022-04-13 | 2023-05-16 | 上海艾拉比智能科技有限公司 | Ad hoc network method of heterogeneous network |
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