CN108847480B - Method and device for carrying out gas-phase carbon coating on lithium battery positive electrode material - Google Patents
Method and device for carrying out gas-phase carbon coating on lithium battery positive electrode material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for carrying out gas-phase carbon coating on a lithium battery anode material, wherein the lithium battery anode material is highly dispersed, formed powder passes through inert gas flow containing carbon-containing gas components, when the anode material is contacted with the carbon-containing gas, transition metal ions contained in the anode material are used as a catalyst under a high-temperature state, part of carbon-containing gas molecules are cracked to form a compact and tightly-coated carbon coating layer which is coated on the surface of the anode material, and the carbon coating layers with different thicknesses and structures are manufactured by controlling reaction time, reaction temperature and carbon-containing gas concentration. The carbon coating layer can effectively improve the conductivity of the anode material and improve the multiplying power, voltage platform and other performances of the battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for carbon coating of a lithium battery anode material, in particular to a method and a device for carrying out gas-phase carbon coating on the lithium battery anode material.
Background
In recent years, lithium ion batteries have been widely used, and particularly in the fields of electric automobiles, large-scale energy storage power stations, communication base stations, electric tools and the like, the lithium ion batteries have become the only power source for large-scale application.
The negative electrode of the lithium ion battery is mainly made of graphite materials, and the positive electrode of the lithium ion battery is mainly made of lithium cobaltate, ternary materials, lithium iron phosphate materials and the like. The conductivity of the anode material is generally poor, and a conductive agent needs to be added to reduce the resistance of the battery. However, the conductive agent added in addition is only in mechanical contact with the cathode material, and the conductive capability is weak. Many researchers desire to form a chemically grown carbon coating layer on the surface of the positive electrode material, and to have the effect of close contact and ohmic contact. At present, only the lithium iron phosphate material is doped with a carbon source (such as glucose), and the compact carbon coating is realized through thermal cracking, but other cathode materials are not realized. Even if the lithium iron phosphate material is observed microscopically, only part of the surface is coated, and the complete and complete carbon coating is not realized. This seriously affects the conductivity of the material, and causes many problems such as high internal resistance and poor cycle performance of the battery system. In terms of the manufacturing process of the material, the original carbon coating process is to mix a carbon source, such as glucose, into the raw material, and crack the raw material after heating to form carbon. In fact, in the precursor, glucose exists in the form of microparticles, so that only carbonization points can be formed, and the coating effect is poor. Most of the carbon is distributed among the lithium iron phosphate crystal grains in loose particles rather than forming a coating layer in the form of a thin carbon film, observed under an electron microscope.
Cao Yan ice et al have proposed a solid phase method for synthesizing an in-situ carbon-coated LiFePO4 composite positive electrode material. They adopt polyvinyl alcohol as a carbon source and form a carbon layer on the surface of LiFePO4 through thermal cracking (Chinese non-ferrous metals bulletin, 2012,22(4): 11). Chenyuan\ 26201et al prepared an in-situ carbon-coated lithium iron phosphate material (CN103427072A) by stepwise precipitation using an organic carbon source. In the technology, the carbon coating is realized by cracking the precursor by adopting a solid carbon source. The coating realized by the technology is realized by cracking carbon source particles, and the complete coating of the surface of the cathode material cannot be realized generally. Therefore, a method for realizing complete and compact carbon coating of the cathode material is urgently needed, and the method is applied to the cathode material of the lithium battery, so that the conductivity of the cathode material is greatly improved, and the multiplying power, the internal resistance and other performances of the battery are improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method and a device for carrying out gas-phase carbon coating on a lithium battery anode material, wherein the surface of the manufactured lithium battery anode material is provided with a uniform and compact carbon coating layer, the carbon content is uniformly distributed, and the comprehensive performance of the material and the battery can be effectively improved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the utility model provides a device that carries out gaseous phase carbon cladding to lithium cell cathode material, bottom at cladding reaction storehouse is provided with conical collection feed bin, the bottom of collection feed bin communicates with each other with the auger delivery ware that sets up in the collection feed bin outside, motor and the discharge gate setting that provides power for auger delivery ware are at auger delivery ware's both ends, the feed inlet sets up on cladding reaction storehouse upper portion, be provided with the shale shaker that divide into two parts about cladding reaction storehouse inner chamber in the lower part of next-door neighbour's feed inlet, gas inlet sets up the lower part at cladding reaction storehouse, the gas outlet sets up the top at cladding reaction storehouse, be provided with high temperature resistant filter on the gas outlet.
The vibrating screen is a screen surface with an ultrasonic vibration function, the mesh number of the screen is 80-350 meshes, and the effective height H from the vibrating screen to the gas inlet is 5-15 m.
The high-temperature resistant filter is a porous ceramic tube, and the pore diameter is less than 5 mu m.
And a water-cooling sleeve is wrapped outside the screw conveyor.
The method for carrying out gas-phase carbon coating on the lithium battery anode material by adopting the device comprises the steps of adding the lithium battery anode material into a coating reaction bin through a feeding hole, simultaneously introducing 400-750 ℃ inert gas flow through a gas inlet, adding 1-5% by volume of carbon-containing gas into the inert gas, cracking partial carbon-containing gas molecules by taking transition metal ions contained in the anode material as a catalyst under a high-temperature state when the anode material is contacted with the carbon-containing gas to form a compact and tightly coated carbon coating layer, coating the carbon coating layer on the surface of the anode material, and manufacturing the carbon coating layers with different thicknesses and structures by controlling reaction time, reaction temperature and carbon-containing gas concentration.
The inert gas is nitrogen, argon or helium which does not participate in the reaction.
The carbon-containing gas isCO or CH4。
The temperature of the gas is 550-600 ℃.
The gas flow is calculated according to the sectional area of the reaction chamber, and the sectional area of the reaction chamber per square meter corresponds to the gas flow of 1-5m3Per minute; when the anode material falls to the bottom of the collecting bin from the upper end of the coating reaction bin, the reaction time is 1-10 seconds.
The relation between the feeding speed of the anode material and the sectional area of the reaction cavity is as follows: the feeding speed per square meter of the sectional area is 5-10 kg/min.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the device is simple, convenient, easy to operate, good in operability and low in cost;
2. the carbon layer with good coating effect can be rapidly and quickly formed on the surface of the anode material, so that the conductivity of the anode material is greatly improved, the capacity of the anode material can be effectively improved, the internal resistance of the battery is reduced, and the rate capability of a battery system is improved.
3. The device can replace a drying and dewatering device for traditional anode materials, and is energy-saving and consumption-reducing.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a production apparatus for the method of vapor phase carbon coating a positive electrode material for a lithium battery according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows a lithium iron phosphate material with a good carbon coating layer on the surface in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 shows the surface morphology of an untreated lithium iron phosphate material in example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and detailed description:
as shown in figure 1, the device for gas phase carbon coating of the lithium battery anode material of the invention is characterized in that a conical material collecting bin 4 is arranged at the bottom of a coating reaction bin 6, the bottom of the material collecting bin 4 is communicated with a screw conveyor 2 arranged at the outer side of the material collecting bin 4, a motor 3 for providing power for the screw conveyor 2 and a discharge port 1 are arranged at two ends of the screw conveyor 2, a feed port 8 is arranged at the upper part of the coating reaction bin 6, a vibrating screen 7 for dividing the inner cavity of the coating reaction bin 6 into an upper part and a lower part is arranged at the lower part close to the feed port 8, a gas inlet 5 is arranged at the lower part of the coating reaction bin 6, a gas outlet 10 is arranged at the top of the coating reaction bin 6, and a high temperature.
The vibrating screen 7 is a screen surface with an ultrasonic vibration function, the mesh number of the screen is 80-350 meshes, and the effective height H from the vibrating screen 7 to the gas inlet 5 is 5-15 m.
The high temperature resistant filter 9 is a porous ceramic tube, and the aperture is less than 5 μm.
The outside of the screw conveyor 2 is wrapped by a water-cooling sleeve.
Wherein, the material contact part is made of SUS 304 stainless steel.
The method for carrying out gas-phase carbon coating on the lithium battery anode material by adopting the device comprises the steps of adding the lithium battery anode material into a coating reaction bin through a feeding hole, simultaneously introducing 400-750 ℃ inert gas flow through a gas inlet, adding 1-5% by volume of carbon-containing gas into the inert gas, cracking partial carbon-containing gas molecules by taking transition metal ions contained in the anode material as a catalyst under a high-temperature state when the anode material is contacted with the carbon-containing gas to form a compact and tightly coated carbon coating layer, coating the carbon coating layer on the surface of the anode material, and manufacturing the carbon coating layers with different thicknesses and structures by controlling reaction time, reaction temperature and carbon-containing gas concentration.
The inert gas is nitrogen, argon or helium which does not participate in the reaction.
The carbon-containing gas is CO or CH4。
Preferably, the temperature of the inert gas is 550-600 ℃.
The gas flow is calculated according to the sectional area of the reaction chamber, and the sectional area of the reaction chamber per square meter corresponds to the gas flow of 1-5m3Per minute; when the anode material falls down to the bottom of the collecting bin from the upper end of the coating reaction bin, the reaction time is 1-10 seconds.
The relation between the feeding speed of the anode material and the sectional area of the reaction cavity is as follows: the feeding speed per square meter of the sectional area is 5-10 kg/min.
When the anode material contacts with the carbon-containing gas, the transition metal ions contained in the anode material are used as a catalyst under a high-temperature state, and part of carbon-containing gas molecules are cracked to form a compact and tightly-coated carbon coating layer which is coated on the surface of the anode material. By controlling the reaction time, the reaction temperature and the concentration of the carbon-containing gas, carbon coating layers with different thicknesses and structures can be manufactured. At the tail end of the device, the carbon-containing gas is discharged from the device and is subjected to harmless treatment by means of combustion, filtration, spray absorption and the like.
Example 1
The effective height H of the reaction cavity is 5m, and the cross-sectional area is 1m2. Introducing a mixed gas flow of nitrogen and CO at 700 ℃ from bottom to top, wherein the flow rate of the nitrogen is 0.95m3Per minute, CO gas flow 0.05m3In terms of a/minute. And feeding the 523 ternary cathode material powder finished product into a reaction bin at a feeding speed of 5 Kg/min. After being dispersed by a vibrating screen of 100 meshes, the powder slowly falls. During the dropping process, CO is cracked on the surface of the ternary material to form a thin carbon film. And discharging the materials through a finished product conveying pipe after the materials fall into the collection bin. The finished product conveying pipe has a cooling effect and can cool high-temperature materials to be below 100 ℃.
The 3.6V 2200mAh 18650 lithium ion battery made of the ternary material has internal resistance reduced from 30m omega to 21m omega, and has obvious effect of reducing internal resistance.
Example 2
The effective height H of the reaction cavity is 15m, and the cross-sectional area is 5m2. Introducing 750 ℃ argon + CH from bottom to top inside4Mixed gas flow, wherein the argon flow is 23.25m3Per minute, CH4The air flow is 1.25m3In terms of a/minute. And feeding the crushed finished lithium iron phosphate into a reaction bin at a feeding speed of 50 Kg/min. After being dispersed by a vibrating screen of 300 meshes, the powder slowly falls. In the course of falling, CH4And cracking the surface of the lithium iron phosphate material to form a thin carbon film. And after falling into a collection bin, the finished product is discharged through a finished product conveying pipe. The finished product conveying pipe has a cooling effect and can cool high-temperature materials to be below 100 ℃. The surface of the material is provided with a good carbon coating layer with a structureIs very smooth. The corresponding electron micrograph is shown in FIG. 2. While the ordinary untreated lithium iron phosphate material has a rough surface and no smooth carbon coating layer, the comparative graph is shown in fig. 3.
The 3.2V and 1600mAh 18650 lithium ion battery made of the lithium iron phosphate material has the internal resistance reduced to 18m omega from the original 25m omega, the maximum discharge rate increased to 30C from 15C, and obvious performance improvement effect.
Example 3
The effective height H of the reaction cavity is 8m, and the cross-sectional area is 10m2. Helium gas and CH with the temperature of 575 ℃ are introduced from bottom to top inside4Mixed gas flow, wherein the argon flow is 19.6m3Per minute, CH4The air flow is 0.4m3In terms of a/minute. Feeding the lithium manganate material into a reaction bin at a feeding speed of 80 Kg/min. After being dispersed by a vibrating screen of 150 meshes, the powder falls slowly. The powder slowly fell. In the course of falling, CH4And cracking the surface of the lithium manganate material to form a thin carbon film. And after falling into a collection bin, the finished product is discharged through a finished product conveying pipe. The finished product conveying pipe has a cooling effect and can cool high-temperature materials to be below 100 ℃.
The internal resistance of a 10Ah square aluminum-shell battery manufactured by the lithium manganate material is reduced to about 3.5m omega from the original 5m omega, and the lithium manganate material has an obvious performance improvement effect.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only for illustrating the technical ideas and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and to carry out the same, and the present invention shall not be limited to the embodiments, i.e. the equivalent changes or modifications made within the spirit of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The device for coating the lithium battery anode material with gas-phase carbon is characterized in that a conical material collecting bin (4) is arranged at the bottom of a coating reaction bin (6), the bottom of the material collecting bin (4) is communicated with a screw conveyor (2) arranged outside the material collecting bin (4), a motor (3) for providing power for the screw conveyor (2) and a discharge port (1) are arranged at two ends of the screw conveyor (2), a feed port (8) is arranged at the upper part of the coating reaction bin (6), a vibrating screen (7) for dividing an inner cavity of the coating reaction bin (6) into an upper part and a lower part is arranged at the lower part close to the feed port (8), a gas inlet (5) is arranged at the lower part of the coating reaction bin (6), a gas outlet (10) is arranged at the top of the coating reaction bin (6), a high-temperature resistant filter (9) is arranged on the gas outlet (10), and the vibrating screen (7) is a screen surface with an ultrasonic vibration function, the mesh number of the sieve is 80-350 meshes, and the effective height H from the vibrating sieve (7) to the gas inlet (5) is 5-15 m.
2. The apparatus for gas-phase carbon coating of positive electrode material of lithium battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein said refractory filter (9) is a porous ceramic tube with a pore size less than 5 μm.
3. The device for gas-phase carbon coating of the lithium battery cathode material according to claim 1, wherein the outer side of the screw conveyor (2) is wrapped with a water-cooling sleeve.
4. The method for gas phase carbon coating of the anode material of the lithium battery by adopting the device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the anode material of the lithium battery is added into the coating reaction bin through a feed inlet, meanwhile, inert gas flow of 400-750 ℃ is introduced through a gas inlet, carbon-containing gas with the volume ratio of 1-5% is added into the inert gas, when the anode material contacts with the carbon-containing gas, transition metal ions contained in the anode material are used as a catalyst under a high temperature state, part of carbon-containing gas molecules are cracked to form a compact and tightly coated carbon coating layer which is coated on the surface of the anode material, and the carbon coating layers with different thicknesses and structures are manufactured by controlling the reaction time, the reaction temperature and the concentration of the carbon-containing gas.
5. The method for vapor-phase carbon coating of the positive electrode material for lithium batteries according to claim 4, wherein the inert gas is nitrogen, argon or helium, which is a gas that does not participate in the reaction.
6. The lithium ion battery of claim 4The method for carrying out gas-phase carbon coating on the anode material of the pool is characterized in that the carbon-containing gas is CO or CH4。
7. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the inert gas is introduced at a temperature of 550 ℃ and 600 ℃.
8. The method of claim 4, wherein the gas flow rate is calculated according to the sectional area of the coating reaction chamber, and the sectional area of the coating reaction chamber per square meter corresponds to a gas flow rate of 1-5m3Per minute; when the anode material falls to the bottom of the collecting bin from the upper end of the coating reaction bin, the reaction time is 1-10 seconds.
9. The method for gas-phase carbon coating of the positive electrode material of the lithium battery as claimed in claim 4, wherein the relation between the feeding speed of the positive electrode material and the sectional area of the reaction cavity is as follows: the feeding speed per square meter of the sectional area is 5-10 kg/min.
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JP2000198116A (en) * | 1998-10-30 | 2000-07-18 | Canon Inc | Recycling of thermoplastic plastic and use thereof |
CN101527353A (en) * | 2009-03-10 | 2009-09-09 | 重庆大学 | Lithium ion battery anode composite material and manufacturing method thereof |
CN103523786A (en) * | 2013-04-16 | 2014-01-22 | 江苏中能硅业科技发展有限公司 | Fluidized bed reactor and method thereof for preparing high-purity granular polysilicon |
CN106669579A (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2017-05-17 | 深圳市玖创科技有限公司 | Graphite-coated carbonization equipment for producing lithium battery electrode |
CN107689449A (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2018-02-13 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | A kind of lithium ion anode material of extensional mode CNT cladding and preparation method thereof |
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Patent Citations (5)
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JP2000198116A (en) * | 1998-10-30 | 2000-07-18 | Canon Inc | Recycling of thermoplastic plastic and use thereof |
CN101527353A (en) * | 2009-03-10 | 2009-09-09 | 重庆大学 | Lithium ion battery anode composite material and manufacturing method thereof |
CN103523786A (en) * | 2013-04-16 | 2014-01-22 | 江苏中能硅业科技发展有限公司 | Fluidized bed reactor and method thereof for preparing high-purity granular polysilicon |
CN106669579A (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2017-05-17 | 深圳市玖创科技有限公司 | Graphite-coated carbonization equipment for producing lithium battery electrode |
CN107689449A (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2018-02-13 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | A kind of lithium ion anode material of extensional mode CNT cladding and preparation method thereof |
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